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Cavalloni F, Brugger F, Kägi G, Naseri Y, Brogle D, Bozinov O, Bauer R, Hägele-Link S, Krüger MT. Evaluation of the Rotational Stability of Directional Deep Brain Stimulation Leads: A Case Series and Systematic Review. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2024; 85:288-293. [PMID: 37832590 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rotational stability of directional deep brain stimulation leads is a major prerequisite for sustained clinical effects. Data on directional lead stability are limited and controversial. METHODS We aimed to evaluate the long-term rotational stability of directional leads and define confounding factors in our own population and the current literature. We retrospectively evaluated the orientation of directional leads in patients with available postoperative computed tomography (CT; T1; day of surgery) and an additional postoperative image (T2; CT or rotational fluoroscopy) performed more than 7 days after the initial scan. The potential impact of intracranial air was assessed. We also reviewed the literature to define factors impacting stability. RESULTS Thirty-six leads were evaluated. The mean follow-up between T1 and T2 was 413.3 (7-1,171) days. The difference in rotation between T1 and T2 was 2.444 ± 2.554 degrees (range: 0-9.0 degrees). The volume of intracranial air did not impact the rotation. The literature search identified one factor impacting the stability of directional leads, which is the amount of twist applied at implantation. CONCLUSION Directional leads for deep brain stimulation show stable long-term orientation after implantation. Based on our literature review, large amounts of twist during implantation can lead to delayed rotation and should thus be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Cavalloni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Sankt Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, University Hospital of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Brugger
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital Sankt Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital Sankt Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yashar Naseri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Sankt Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Deborah Brogle
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital Sankt Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bozinov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Sankt Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ronald Bauer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Hägele-Link
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital Sankt Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marie Therese Krüger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Sankt Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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Mylius V, Baars JH, Witt K, Benninger D, de Andrade DC, Kägi G, Bally JF, Brugger F. Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Parkinson's Disease-Associated Pain by Decreasing Spinal Nociception. Mov Disord 2024; 39:447-449. [PMID: 38071401 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Dopamine exerts antinociceptive effects on pain in PD at cortical and spinal levels, whereas only cortical effects have been described for DBS, so far. By assessing the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) threshold at medication on, and DBS ON and OFF in two patients, we showed that DBS additionally decreases spinal nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Mylius
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Harald Baars
- Department of Anesthesia, Klinikum Neubrandenburg, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Witt
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Evangelic Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - David Benninger
- Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ciampi de Andrade
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien F Bally
- Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Brugger
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Ardila Jurado E, Kägi G, Brugger F. Tongue Myorhythmia and Palatal Tremor as the Main Clinical Manifestation in Anti-IgLON5 Disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:S61-S62. [PMID: 37636231 PMCID: PMC10448617 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ardila Jurado
- Department of Neurology and Stroke CenterCantonal Hospital St. GallenSt. GallenSwitzerland
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke CenterCantonal Hospital St. GallenSt. GallenSwitzerland
| | - Florian Brugger
- Department of Neurology and Stroke CenterCantonal Hospital St. GallenSt. GallenSwitzerland
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Listik C, Listik E, de Paiva Santos Rolim F, Meneses Cury Portela DM, Perez Lloret S, de Alves Araújo NR, Carvalho PRA, Santos GC, Limongi JCP, Cardoso F, Mylius V, Brugger F, Fernandes AM, Reis Barbosa E, Jacobsen Teixeira M, Ferraz HB, Camargos ST, Cury RG, de Ciampi de Andrade D. Development and Validation of the Dystonia-Pain Classification System: A Multicenter Study. Mov Disord 2023. [PMID: 37208983 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dystonia is associated with disabling nonmotor symptoms like chronic pain (CP), which is prevalent in dystonia and significantly impacts the quality of life (QoL). There is no validated tool for assessing CP in dystonia, which substantially hampers pain management. OBJECTIVE The aim was to develop a CP classification and scoring system for dystonia. METHODS A multidisciplinary group was established to develop the Dystonia-Pain Classification System (Dystonia-PCS). The classification of CP as related or unrelated to dystonia was followed by the assessment of pain severity score, encompassing pain intensity, frequency, and impact on daily living. Then, consecutive patients with inherited/idiopathic dystonia of different spatial distribution were recruited in a cross-sectional multicenter validation study. Dystonia-PCS was compared to validated pain, mood, QoL, and dystonia scales (Brief Pain Inventory, Douleur Neuropathique-4 questionnaire, European QoL-5 Dimensions-3 Level Version, and Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale). RESULTS CP was present in 81 of 123 recruited patients, being directly related to dystonia in 82.7%, aggravated by dystonia in 8.8%, and nonrelated to dystonia in 7.5%. Dystonia-PCS had excellent intra-rater (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient - ICC: 0.941) and inter-rater (ICC: 0.867) reliability. In addition, pain severity score correlated with European QoL-5 Dimensions-3 Level Version's pain subscore (r = 0.635, P < 0.001) and the Brief Pain Inventory's severity and interference scores (r = 0.553, P < 0.001 and r = 0.609, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Dystonia-PCS is a reliable tool to categorize and quantify CP impact in dystonia and will help improve clinical trial design and management of CP in patients affected by this disorder. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Listik
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Listik
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | - Santiago Perez Lloret
- Observatorio de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Graziele Costa Santos
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Cardoso
- Department of Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Veit Mylius
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Brugger
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ana Mercia Fernandes
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Egberto Reis Barbosa
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah Teixeira Camargos
- Department of Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rubens Gisbert Cury
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Ciampi de Andrade
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Ardila Jurado E, Sturm V, Brugger F, Nedeltchev K, Arnold M, Bonati LH, Carrera E, Michel P, Cereda CW, Bolognese M, Albert S, Medlin F, Berger C, Schelosky L, Renaud S, Niederhauser J, Bonvin C, Mono ML, Rodic B, Tarnutzer AA, Schwegler G, Salmen S, Luft AR, Peters N, Vehoff J, Kägi G. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Current Practice, Awareness and Prehospital Delays in Switzerland. Front Neurol 2022; 13:888456. [PMID: 35677327 PMCID: PMC9167925 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.888456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) often leads to permanent monocular blindness. Hence, early recognition and rapid re-perfusion is of paramount importance. This study aims to describe prehospital pathways in CRAO compared to stroke and study the knowledge about CRAO. Methods (1) Description of baseline characteristics, prehospital pathways/delays, and acute treatment (thrombolysis/thrombectomy vs. standard of care) of patients with CRAO and ischemic stroke registered in the Swiss Stroke Registry. (2) Online survey about CRAO knowledge amongst population, general practitioners (GPs) and ophthalmologists in Eastern Switzerland. Results Three hundred and ninety seven CRAO and 32,816 ischemic stroke cases were registered from 2014 until 2019 in 20 Stroke Centers/Units in Switzerland. In CRAO, 25.6% arrived at the hospital within 4 h of symptom onset and had a lower rate of emergency referrals. Hence, the symptom-to-door time was significantly longer in CRAO compared to stroke (852 min. vs. 300 min). The thrombolysis/thrombectomy rate was 13.2% in CRAO and 30.9% in stroke. 28.6% of the surveyed population recognized CRAO-symptoms, 55.4% of which would present directly to the emergency department in contrast to 90.0% with stroke symptoms. Almost 100% of the ophthalmologist and general practitioners recognized CRAO as a medical emergency and 1/3 of them considered IV thrombolysis a potentially beneficial therapy. Conclusions CRAO awareness of the general population and physician awareness about the treatment options as well as the non-standardized prehospital organization, seems to be the main reason for the prehospital delays and impedes treating CRAO patients. Educational efforts should be undertaken to improve awareness about CRAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ardila Jurado
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Veit Sturm
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Florian Brugger
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leo H. Bonati
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Department of Neurology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Michel
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlo W. Cereda
- Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ludwig Schelosky
- Division of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Münsterlingen, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Renaud
- Division of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Neuchatel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Biljana Rodic
- Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | | | - Guido Schwegler
- Division of Neurology, Hospital Limmattal, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas R. Luft
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cereneo Center for Neurology and Rehabilitaiton, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Nils Peters
- Department of Neurology, Hirslanden Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Vehoff
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Georg Kägi
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Mylius V, Maes L, Negele K, Schmid C, Sylvester R, Brook CS, Brugger F, Perez-Lloret S, Bansi J, Aminian K, Paraschiv-Ionescu A, Gonzenbach R, Brugger P. Dual-Task Treadmill Training for the Prevention of Falls in Parkinson's Disease: Rationale and Study Design. Front Rehabilit Sci 2022; 2:774658. [PMID: 36188827 PMCID: PMC9397829 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.774658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Various factors, such as fear of falling, postural instability, and altered executive function, contribute to the high risk of falling in Parkinson's disease (PD). Dual-task training is an established method to reduce this risk. Motor-perceptual task combinations typically require a patient to walk while simultaneously engaging in a perceptual task. Motor-executive dual-tasking (DT) combines locomotion with executive function tasks. One augmented reality treadmill training (AR-TT) study revealed promising results of a perceptual dual-task training with a markedly reduced frequency of falls especially in patients with PD. We here propose to compare the effects of two types of concurrent tasks, perceptual and executive, on high-intensity TT). Patients will be trained with TT alone, in combination with an augmented reality perceptual DT (AR-TT) or with an executive DT (Random Number Generation; RNG-TT). The results are expected to inform research on therapeutic strategies for the training of balance in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Mylius
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Veit Mylius
| | - Laura Maes
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Negele
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland
| | - Christine Schmid
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland
| | - Ramona Sylvester
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Brugger
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Santiago Perez-Lloret
- Biomedical Research Center (CAECIHS-UAI), National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jens Bansi
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland
- Department of Health, Physiotherapy, OST–Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Kamiar Aminian
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Roman Gonzenbach
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland
| | - Peter Brugger
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Chacón Gámez YM, Brugger F, Biller-Andorno N. Parkinson's Disease and Deep Brain Stimulation Have an Impact on My Life: A Multimodal Study on the Experiences of Patients and Family Caregivers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18189516. [PMID: 34574440 PMCID: PMC8467519 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) has a large impact on patients’ physical and mental health, which also greatly affects their family caregivers. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as an effective treatment for PD, but different authors have expressed their concerns about the potential impact of DBS on personality and identity. Our study aims at better understanding how patients and family caregivers experience life with PD and DBS, the impact of both on their personal and social lives, and their perception of the changes that have occurred as a result of the disease and the treatment. Our study applies a multimodal approach by means of narrative semi-structured interviews and drawings. Seven principal themes have been identified: “everyone’s Parkinson’s is different”, “changing as a person during the disease”, “going through Parkinson’s together”, “DBS improved my life”, “I am treated with DBS but I have Parkinson’s still”, “DBS is not perfect”, and “being different after DBS”. PD is perceived as an unpredictable and heterogeneous disease that changes from person to person, as does the effect of DBS. While DBS side-effects may have an impact on patients’ personality, behavior, and self-perception, PD symptoms and drug side-effects also have a great impact on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda María Chacón Gámez
- Institute of Medical Bioethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 30, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Florian Brugger
- Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Klinik für Neurologie, Haus 04 Rorsacher Strasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Nikola Biller-Andorno
- Institute of Medical Bioethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 30, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
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Brugger F, Walch J, Hägele-Link S, Abela E, Galovic M, Kägi G. Decreased grey matter in the postural control network is associated with lateral flexion of the trunk in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 28:102469. [PMID: 33395964 PMCID: PMC7645287 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of central networks, particularly of those responsible for integrating multimodal afferents in a spatial reference frame, were proposed in the pathophysiology of lateral trunk flexion in Parkinson's disease (PD). Knowledge about the underlying neuroanatomical structures is limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate if decreased focal grey matter (GM) is associated with trunk flexion to the side and if the revealed GM clusters correlate with a disturbed perception of verticality in PD. METHODS 37 PD patients with and without lateral trunk flexion were recruited. Standardized photos were taken from each patient and trunk orientation was measured by a blinded rater. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to detect associated clusters of decreased GM. The subjective visual vertical (SVV) was assessed as a marker for perception of verticality and SVV estimates were correlated with GM clusters. RESULTS VBM revealed clusters of decreased GM in the right posterior parietal cortex and in the right thalamus were associated with lateral trunk flexion. The SVV correlated with the extent of trunk flexion, and the side of the SVV tilt correlated with the side of trunk flexion. GM values from the thalamus correlated with the SVV estimates. CONCLUSIONS We report an association between neurodegenerative changes within the posterior parietal cortex and the thalamus and lateral trunk flexion in PD. These brain structures are part of a network proposed to be engaged in postural control and spatial self-perception. Disturbed perception of verticality points to a shifted egocentric spatial reference as an important pathophysiological feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brugger
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Walch
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Hägele-Link
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Abela
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marian Galovic
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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9
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Mylius V, Perez Lloret S, Cury RG, Teixeira MJ, Barbosa VR, Barbosa ER, Moreira LI, Listik C, Fernandes AM, de Lacerda Veiga D, Barbour J, Hollenstein N, Oechsner M, Walch J, Brugger F, Hägele-Link S, Beer S, Rizos A, Chaudhuri KR, Bouhassira D, Lefaucheur JP, Timmermann L, Gonzenbach R, Kägi G, Möller JC, Ciampi de Andrade D. The Parkinson disease pain classification system: results from an international mechanism-based classification approach. Pain 2021; 162:1201-1210. [PMID: 33044395 PMCID: PMC7977616 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pain is a common nonmotor symptom in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) but the correct diagnosis of the respective cause remains difficult because suitable tools are lacking, so far. We developed a framework to differentiate PD- from non-PD-related pain and classify PD-related pain into 3 groups based on validated mechanistic pain descriptors (nociceptive, neuropathic, or nociplastic), which encompass all the previously described PD pain types. Severity of PD-related pain syndromes was scored by ratings of intensity, frequency, and interference with daily living activities. The PD-Pain Classification System (PD-PCS) was compared with classic pain measures (ie, brief pain inventory and McGill pain questionnaire [MPQ], PDQ-8 quality of life score, MDS-UPDRS scores, and nonmotor symptoms). 159 nondemented PD patients (disease duration 10.2 ± 7.6 years) and 37 healthy controls were recruited in 4 centers. PD-related pain was present in 122 patients (77%), with 24 (15%) suffering one or more syndromes at the same time. PD-related nociceptive, neuropathic, or nociplastic pain was diagnosed in 87 (55%), 25 (16%), or 35 (22%), respectively. Pain unrelated to PD was present in 35 (22%) patients. Overall, PD-PCS severity score significantly correlated with pain's Brief Pain Inventory and MPQ ratings, presence of dyskinesia and motor fluctuations, PDQ-8 scores, depression, and anxiety measures. Moderate intrarater and interrater reliability was observed. The PD-PCS is a valid and reliable tool for differentiating PD-related pain from PD-unrelated pain. It detects and scores mechanistic pain subtypes in a pragmatic and treatment-oriented approach, unifying previous classifications of PD-pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Mylius
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St, Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Santiago Perez Lloret
- Biomedical Research Center (CAECIHS-UAI), National Research Council (CONICET), and Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubens G. Cury
- Pain Center, LIM-62, Departamento de Neurologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel J. Teixeira
- Pain Center, LIM-62, Departamento de Neurologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor R. Barbosa
- Pain Center, LIM-62, Departamento de Neurologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Egberto R. Barbosa
- Pain Center, LIM-62, Departamento de Neurologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa I. Moreira
- Pain Center, LIM-62, Departamento de Neurologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarice Listik
- Pain Center, LIM-62, Departamento de Neurologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Fernandes
- Pain Center, LIM-62, Departamento de Neurologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo de Lacerda Veiga
- Pain Center, LIM-62, Departamento de Neurologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Barbour
- Pain Center, LIM-62, Departamento de Neurologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Matthias Oechsner
- Parkinson Center, Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Zihlschlacht, Switzerland
| | - Julia Walch
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St, Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Florian Brugger
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St, Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Serafin Beer
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Rizos
- King's College Hospital, Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- King's College Hospital, Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, Department Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Didier Bouhassira
- INSERM U-987, Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt and Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur
- EA 4391, Unité de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine de Créteil, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, France
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roman Gonzenbach
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St, Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jens Carsten Möller
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Parkinson Center, Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Zihlschlacht, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ciampi de Andrade
- Pain Center, LIM-62, Departamento de Neurologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Krüger MT, Naseri Y, Cavalloni F, Reinacher PC, Kägi G, Weber J, Brogle D, Bozinov O, Hägele-Link S, Brugger F. Do directional deep brain stimulation leads rotate after implantation? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:197-203. [PMID: 32915306 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two middle contacts of directional leads (d-leads) for deep brain stimulation are split into three segments, allowing current steering toward desired axial directions. To facilitate programming, their final orientation needs to be reliably determined. However, it is currently unclear whether d-leads rotate after implantation. Our objective was to assess the degree of d-lead rotation after implantation. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed d-lead orientation on intraoperative X-rays, postoperative CT scans (latencies to surgery: 108-189 min postoperatively), and rotational fluoroscopies (4-9 days postoperatively) for a consecutive series of 32 implanted d-leads. For five d-leads, a CT scan with a mean follow-up of 57 days (range 28-182) was available. All d-leads were implanted with the marker facing anterior and the intention to hit an "iron sight" (ISi) on the X-ray, indicating anterior orientation (i.e., 0° ± 6°). RESULTS In nine d-leads, an ISi was visible on the final X-ray; median orientation was 1.5° (range 0.5-6.0°) at the first follow-up CT, confirming anterior orientation. In d-leads without ISi or where ISi was not evaluable, the median rotation was 15.5° (9.5-35.0°) and 26.5° (5.5-62.0°), respectively. The orientation of the initial CT was comparable with the orientation determined by the postoperative rotational fluoroscopy and second CT in all d-lead groups. CONCLUSION D-lead orientation does not change within the first week after implantation. We provide first indications that d-lead orientation remains stable for several weeks after surgery. Determination of lead orientation using marker-based X-ray alone seems too imprecise; adding the ISi method can increase determination of intraoperative orientation.
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11
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Krüger MT, Kurtev-Rittstieg R, Kägi G, Naseri Y, Hägele-Link S, Brugger F. Evaluation of Automatic Segmentation of Thalamic Nuclei through Clinical Effects Using Directional Deep Brain Stimulation Leads: A Technical Note. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090642. [PMID: 32957437 PMCID: PMC7563258 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Automatic anatomical segmentation of patients’ anatomical structures and modeling of the volume of tissue activated (VTA) can potentially facilitate trajectory planning and post-operative programming in deep brain stimulation (DBS). We demonstrate an approach to evaluate the accuracy of such software for the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) using directional leads. In an essential tremor patient with asymmetrical brain anatomy, lead placement was adjusted according to the suggested segmentation made by the software (Brainlab). Postoperatively, we used directionality to assess lead placement using side effect testing (internal capsule and sensory thalamus). Clinical effects were then compared to the patient-specific visualization and VTA simulation in the GUIDE™ XT software (Boston Scientific). The patient’s asymmetrical anatomy was correctly recognized by the software and matched the clinical results. VTA models matched best for dysarthria (6 out of 6 cases) and sensory hand side effects (5/6), but least for facial side effects (1/6). Best concordance was observed for the modeled current anterior and back spread of the VTA, worst for the current side spread. Automatic anatomical segmentation and VTA models can be valuable tools for DBS planning and programming. Directional DBS leads allow detailed postoperative assessment of the concordance of such image-based simulation and visualization with clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie T. Krüger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-71-494-1111
| | | | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (G.K.); (S.H.-L.); (F.B.)
| | - Yashar Naseri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hägele-Link
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (G.K.); (S.H.-L.); (F.B.)
| | - Florian Brugger
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (G.K.); (S.H.-L.); (F.B.)
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12
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Brugger F, Wegener R, Walch J, Galovic M, Hägele-Link S, Bohlhalter S, Kägi G. Altered activation and connectivity of the supplementary motor cortex at motor initiation in Parkinson’s disease patients with freezing. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:2171-2180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Galovic M, Stauber AJ, Leisi N, Krammer W, Brugger F, Vehoff J, Balcerak P, Müller A, Müller M, Rosenfeld J, Polymeris A, Thilemann S, De Marchis GM, Niemann T, Leifke M, Lyrer P, Saladin P, Kahles T, Nedeltchev K, Sarikaya H, Jung S, Fischer U, Manno C, Cereda CW, Sander JW, Tettenborn B, Weder BJ, Stoeckli SJ, Arnold M, Kägi G. Development and Validation of a Prognostic Model of Swallowing Recovery and Enteral Tube Feeding After Ischemic Stroke. JAMA Neurol 2020; 76:561-570. [PMID: 30742198 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Importance Predicting the duration of poststroke dysphagia is important to guide therapeutic decisions. Guidelines recommend nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding if swallowing impairment persists for 7 days or longer and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement if dysphagia does not recover within 30 days, but, to our knowledge, a systematic prediction method does not exist. Objective To develop and validate a prognostic model predicting swallowing recovery and the need for enteral tube feeding. Design, Setting, and Participants We enrolled participants with consecutive admissions for acute ischemic stroke and initially severe dysphagia in a prospective single-center derivation (2011-2014) and a multicenter validation (July 2015-March 2018) cohort study in 5 tertiary stroke referral centers in Switzerland. Exposures Severely impaired oral intake at admission (Functional Oral Intake Scale score <5). Main Outcomes and Measures Recovery of oral intake (primary end point, Functional Oral Intake Scale ≥5) or return to prestroke diet (secondary end point) measured 7 (indication for NGT feeding) and 30 (indication for PEG feeding) days after stroke. Results In total, 279 participants (131 women [47.0%]; median age, 77 years [interquartile range, 67-84 years]) were enrolled (153 [54.8%] in the derivation study; 126 [45.2%] in the validation cohort). Overall, 64% (95% CI, 59-71) participants failed to recover functional oral intake within 7 days and 30% (95% CI, 24-37) within 30 days. Prolonged swallowing recovery was independently associated with poor outcomes after stroke. The final prognostic model, the Predictive Swallowing Score, included 5 variables: age, stroke severity on admission, lesion location, initial risk of aspiration, and initial impairment of oral intake. Predictive Swallowing Score prediction estimates ranged from 5% (score, 0) to 96% (score, 10) for a persistent impairment of oral intake on day 7 and from 2% to 62% on day 30. Model performance in the validation cohort showed a discrimination (C statistic) of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.76-0.91; P < .001) for predicting the recovery of oral intake on day 7 and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67-0.87; P < .001) on day 30, and a discrimination for a return to prestroke diet of 0.94 (day 7; 95% CI, 0.87-1.00; P < .001) and 0.71 (day 30; 95% CI, 0.61-0.82; P < .001). Calibration plots showed high agreement between the predicted and observed outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance The Predictive Swallowing Score, available as a smartphone application, is an easily applied prognostic instrument that reliably predicts swallowing recovery. It will support decision making for NGT or PEG insertion after ischemic stroke and is a step toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Galovic
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.,National Institute for Health Research University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, England
| | - Anne Julia Stauber
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Natascha Leisi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Werner Krammer
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Florian Brugger
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Vehoff
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Balcerak
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Anna Müller
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marlise Müller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Rosenfeld
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexandros Polymeris
- Neurology and Stroke Centre, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Thilemann
- Neurology and Stroke Centre, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gian Marco De Marchis
- Neurology and Stroke Centre, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Niemann
- Neurology and Stroke Centre, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maren Leifke
- Neurology and Stroke Centre, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Lyrer
- Neurology and Stroke Centre, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra Saladin
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Timo Kahles
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Krassen Nedeltchev
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hakan Sarikaya
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Jung
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Concetta Manno
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Civico, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Carlo W Cereda
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Civico, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Josemir W Sander
- National Institute for Health Research University College London (UCL) Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, England.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Tettenborn
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bruno J Weder
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.,Support Centre for Advanced Neuroimaging, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandro J Stoeckli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
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14
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Gövert F, Becktepe J, Balint B, Rocchi L, Brugger F, Garrido A, Walter T, Hannah R, Rothwell J, Elble R, Deuschl G, Bhatia K. Temporal discrimination is altered in patients with isolated asymmetric and jerky upper limb tremor. Mov Disord 2019; 35:306-315. [PMID: 31724777 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unilateral or very asymmetric upper limb tremors with a jerky appearance are poorly investigated. Their clinical classification is an unsolved problem because their classification as essential tremor versus dystonic tremor is uncertain. To avoid misclassification as essential tremor or premature classification as dystonic tremor, the term indeterminate tremor was suggested. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize this tremor subgroup electrophysiologically and evaluate whether diagnostically meaningful electrophysiological differences exist compared to patients with essential tremor and dystonic tremor. METHODS We enrolled 29 healthy subjects and 64 patients with tremor: 26 with dystonic tremor, 23 with essential tremor, and 15 patients with upper limb tremor resembling essential tremor but was unusually asymmetric and jerky (indeterminate tremor). We investigated the somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold, the short-interval intracortical inhibition, and the cortical plasticity by paired associative stimulation. RESULTS Somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold was significantly increased in patients with dystonic tremor and indeterminate tremor, but it was normal in the essential tremor patients and healthy controls. Significant differences in short-interval intracortical inhibition and paired associative stimulation were not found among the three patient groups and controls. CONCLUSION These results indicate that indeterminate tremor, as defined in this study, shares electrophysiological similarities with dystonic tremor rather than essential tremor. Therefore, we propose that indeterminate tremor should be considered as a separate clinical entity from essential tremor and that it might be dystonic in nature. Somatosensory temporal discrimination appears to be a useful tool in tremor classification. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Gövert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jos Becktepe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bettina Balint
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Brugger
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Garrido
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tim Walter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ricci Hannah
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rodger Elble
- Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Günther Deuschl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kailash Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Latorre A, Del Gamba C, Menozzi E, Balint B, Brugger F, Bhatia KP. Abnormal DaTSCAN and Atypical Parkinsonism in SCA12. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 6:400-402. [PMID: 31286011 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Latorre
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom.,Department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Claudia Del Gamba
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Elisa Menozzi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Bettina Balint
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Florian Brugger
- Department of Neurology Kantonsspital St. Gallen St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
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16
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Brugger F, Peters A, Georgiev D, Kägi G, Balint B, Bhatia KP, Day BL. Sensory trick efficacy in cervical dystonia is linked to processing of neck proprioception. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 61:50-56. [PMID: 30553617 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle vibration activates muscle spindles and when applied over posterior neck muscles during stance modulates global body orientation. This is characterised by a tonic forward sway response that is reportedly diminished or absent in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia. OBJECTIVE To investigating the impact of the sensory trick on vibration-induced postural responses. METHODS 20 patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia and a sensory trick, 15 patients without a trick, and 16 healthy controls were recruited. Neck muscle vibration was applied bilaterally over the upper trapezius under three different conditions: 1) Quiet standing; 2) standing while performing the trick (or trick-like movement in non-responders); 3) standing while elevating the flexed arm without touching any part of the body. Centre of pressure position and whole-body orientation in the sagittal plane were analysed. RESULTS Patients with a sensory trick responded similarly to healthy controls: neck muscle vibration led to an initial forward sway of the body that slowly increased during the prolonged vibration for all three conditions. This response was mainly mediated by ankle flexion. In patients without a trick, the initial sagittal sway was significantly reduced in all three conditions and the later slow increase was absent. Performance of the trick did not have an effect on any aspect of the response in either cervical dystonia group. CONCLUSIONS The whole-body response to neck vibration in cervical dystonia differs depending on the effectiveness of the sensory trick to alleviate the dystonic neck posture. Variable pathophysiology of proprioceptive processing may be the common factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brugger
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Amy Peters
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Dejan Georgiev
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Balint
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Brian L Day
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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17
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Mahlknecht P, Georgiev D, Akram H, Brugger F, Vinke S, Zrinzo L, Hariz M, Bhatia KP, Hariz GM, Willeit P, Rothwell JC, Foltynie T, Limousin P. Parkinsonian signs in patients with cervical dystonia treated with pallidal deep brain stimulation. Brain 2018; 141:3023-3034. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mahlknecht
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dejan Georgiev
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Harith Akram
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Florian Brugger
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Saman Vinke
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Ludvic Zrinzo
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Marwan Hariz
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Gun-Marie Hariz
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John C Rothwell
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Patricia Limousin
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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18
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Brugger F, Kägi G, Pandolfo M, Mencacci NE, Batla A, Wiethoff S, Bhatia KP. Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) Syndromes Presenting With Late-Onset Craniocervical Dystonia: An Illustrative Case Series. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2017; 4:254-257. [PMID: 30838262 PMCID: PMC6353318 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) mostly has its disease onset in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood and usually presents with predominant bulbar and axial dystonia along with signs such as spasticity, indicating an involvement of additional neurological systems. Because of their early onset and presentation with a combination of dystonia plus other neurological symptoms, they are usually not considered as differential diagnosis for late-onset isolated (idiopathic) craniocervical dystonia. In this case series, we present 4 genetically proven cases of NBIA (including neuroferritinopathy, pantothenate-kinase-associated neurodegeneration, and aceruloplasminemia) with late disease onset, which resembled isolated adult-onset craniocervical dystonia at disease onset. We also want to highlight the importance of taking NBIA into consideration when dealing with putatively isolated late-onset dystonias and of picking up unusual signs at later stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brugger
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement DisordersInstitute of NeurologyUniversity College London, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of NeurologyKantonsspital St. GallenSt. GallenSwitzerland
| | - Georg Kägi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement DisordersInstitute of NeurologyUniversity College London, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of NeurologyKantonsspital St. GallenSt. GallenSwitzerland
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- Department of NeurologyHôpital Erasme, Université Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Niccolò E. Mencacci
- Department of Molecular NeuroscienceUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Amit Batla
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement DisordersInstitute of NeurologyUniversity College London, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah Wiethoff
- Department of Molecular NeuroscienceUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUnited Kingdom
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchEberhard‐Karls‐UniversityTübingenGermany
| | - Kailash P. Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement DisordersInstitute of NeurologyUniversity College London, National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUnited Kingdom
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19
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Galovic M, Leisi N, Pastore-Wapp M, Zbinden M, Vos SB, Mueller M, Weber J, Brugger F, Kägi G, Weder BJ. Diverging lesion and connectivity patterns influence early and late swallowing recovery after hemispheric stroke. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:2165-2176. [PMID: 28083906 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the recovery of oral intake after hemispheric stroke is important to guide therapeutic decisions, including the administration of enteral tube feeding and the choice of the appropriate feeding route. They aimed to determine the localization and connectivity of lesions in impaired recovery versus recovered swallowing after initially dysphagic stroke. Sixty-two acute ischemic hemispheric stroke patients with impaired oral intake were included in a prospective observational cohort study. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping and probabilistic tractography were used to determine the association of lesion location and connectivity with impaired recovery of oral intake ≥7 days (indication for early tube feeding) and ≥4 weeks (indication for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding) after stroke. Two distinct patterns influencing recovery of swallowing were recognized. Firstly, impaired recovery of oral intake after ≥7 days was significantly associated with lesions of the superior corona radiata (65% of statistical map, P < 0.05). The affected fibers were connected with the thalamus, primary motor, and supplemental motor areas and the basal ganglia. Secondly, impaired recovery of oral intake after ≥4 weeks significantly correlated with lesions of the anterior insula (54% of statistical map, P < 0.05), which was connected to adjacent operculo-insular areas of deglutition. These findings indicate that early swallowing recovery is influenced by white matter lesions disrupting thalamic and corticobulbar projection fibers. Late recovery is determined by specific cortical lesions affecting association fibers. This knowledge may help clinicians to identify patients at risk of prolonged swallowing problems that would benefit from enteral tube feeding. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2165-2176, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Galovic
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, WC1N 3BG
- Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St. Peter, SL9 0RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Natascha Leisi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Speech Pathology Service, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Pastore-Wapp
- Support Centre for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Zbinden
- Support Centre for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sjoerd B Vos
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, UK National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, WC1N 3BG
- Epilepsy Society, Chalfont St. Peter, SL9 0RJ, United Kingdom
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marlise Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Speech Pathology Service, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Weber
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Florian Brugger
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bruno J Weder
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Support Centre for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Antelmi E, Di Stasio F, Rocchi L, Erro R, Liguori R, Ganos C, Brugger F, Teo J, Berardelli A, Rothwell J, Bhatia KP. Corrigendum to "Impaired eye blink classical conditioning distinguishes dystonic patients with and without tremor" [Park. Relat. Disord. 31 (2016) 23-27]. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 35:102. [PMID: 27989567 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Antelmi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna and IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - F Di Stasio
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - L Rocchi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Erro
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Liguori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna and IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Ganos
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - F Brugger
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Teo
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Berardelli
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - J Rothwell
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - K P Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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21
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Balint B, Erro R, Brugger F, Jha A, Batla A, Ganos C, Antelmi E, Bhatia KP. Conjugal Parkinson's disease - Real or chance? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 33:146-148. [PMID: 27743702 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Balint
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roberto Erro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e del Movimento, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Florian Brugger
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ashwani Jha
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Amit Batla
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Christos Ganos
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Antelmi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
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Abstract
Valproate was first approved as an antiepileptic drug in 1962 and has since also become established as a mood stabiliser and as prophylaxis for migraine. In 1979, Lautin published the first description of a valproate-associated extrapyramidal syndrome. Many cases of valproate-associated parkinsonism have subsequently been published, but uncertainties remain concerning its prevalence, risk factors and prognosis. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical review of the existing literature on valproate-associated parkinsonism and to discuss possible mechanisms. Literature databases were searched systematically: we identified a total of 116 patients with valproate-associated parkinsonism published in case reports, case series and systematic analyses. Prevalence rates ranged widely, between 1.4 and 75 % of patients taking valproate. There was great heterogeneity with regard to clinical presentation, age of onset, valproate dose, concomitant conditions and imaging findings. In all patients apart from three, valproate plasma concentrations were within or even below the recommended reference range when the parkinsonism occurred. Parkinsonism was reversible in the majority of patients, although recovery was often prolonged and sometimes incomplete. A dopaminergic deficit was confirmed in three of six patients investigated with dopamine transporter imaging. Seven of 14 patients who were treated with dopaminergic medication had a good response. The quality of the evidence was assessed and probability of causation was examined using the Naranjo score, which ranged from 0 to 7 (median: 5.0). Several pathophysiological mechanisms, including altered gene expression and neurotransmitter signalling, enhanced neurodegeneration or unmasking subclinical dopaminergic degeneration, could theoretically lead to valproate-associated parkinsonism. Further studies are warranted to elucidate this entity and its underlying pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brugger
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Frank M C Besag
- ELFT NHS Family Consultation Clinic, 24 Grove Place, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK40 3JJ, UK. .,School of Pharmacy, University College of London, London, UK. .,Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
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23
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Brugger F, Balint B, Antelmi E, Bhatia KP. Hypomyelination with Atrophy of the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum (H-ABC) is a Differential Diagnosis for Pallidopyramidal Syndromes with Thin Corpus Callosum. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2016; 4:150-151. [PMID: 30713963 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brugger
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology Kantonsspital St. Gallen St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Bettina Balint
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Elena Antelmi
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
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24
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Erro R, Balint B, Kurian MA, Brugger F, Picillo M, Barone P, Bhatia KP, Pellecchia MT. Early Ataxia and Subsequent Parkinsonism: PLA2G6 Mutations Cause a Continuum Rather Than Three Discrete Phenotypes. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2016; 4:125-128. [PMID: 30868093 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration comprises a heterogeneous spectrum of age-related phenotypes, with three forms classically recognized, including infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) with onset in infancy, atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (atypical NAD) with onset in childhood, and dystonia-parkinsonism (PARK14) with onset in early adulthood. We describe 3 cases that challenge this view, discuss the related literature, and suggest that PLA2G6 mutations cause a phenotypic continuum rather than three discrete phenotypes, further ensuing clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Erro
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom.,Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e del Movimento Università di Verona Verona Italy
| | - Bettina Balint
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences Developmental Neurosciences UCL-Institute of Child Health London United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology Great Ormond Street Hospital London United Kingdom
| | - Florian Brugger
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology Kantonsspital St. Gallen St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Marina Picillo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Neuroscience section Center for Neurodegenerative diseases (CEMAND) University of Salerno Salerno Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Neuroscience section Center for Neurodegenerative diseases (CEMAND) University of Salerno Salerno Italy
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Neuroscience section Center for Neurodegenerative diseases (CEMAND) University of Salerno Salerno Italy
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25
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Galovic M, Leisi N, Müller M, Weber J, Tettenborn B, Brugger F, Abela E, Weder B, Kägi G. Neuroanatomical correlates of tube dependency and impaired oral intake after hemispheric stroke. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:926-34. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Galovic
- Department of Neurology; Kantonsspital St Gallen; St Gallen Switzerland
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy; Institute of Neurology; University College London; London UK
| | - N. Leisi
- Speech Pathology Service; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Kantonsspital St Gallen; St Gallen Switzerland
| | - M. Müller
- Speech Pathology Service; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Kantonsspital St Gallen; St Gallen Switzerland
| | - J. Weber
- Division of Neuroradiology; Department of Radiology; Kantonsspital St Gallen; St Gallen Switzerland
| | - B. Tettenborn
- Department of Neurology; Kantonsspital St Gallen; St Gallen Switzerland
| | - F. Brugger
- Department of Neurology; Kantonsspital St Gallen; St Gallen Switzerland
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders; Institute of Neurology; University College London; London UK
| | - E. Abela
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Support Centre for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN); Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology; University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - B. Weder
- Department of Neurology; Kantonsspital St Gallen; St Gallen Switzerland
- Support Centre for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN); Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology; University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - G. Kägi
- Department of Neurology; Kantonsspital St Gallen; St Gallen Switzerland
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26
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Bauer R, Werner B, Hägele-Link S, Kägi G, Brugger F, Wegener NA, Martin E. Bilateral MR imaging-guided high intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease: first experience with 9 months follow up. J Ther Ultrasound 2015. [PMCID: PMC4489674 DOI: 10.1186/2050-5736-3-s1-o4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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27
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Brugger F, Galovic M, Weder BJ, Kägi G. Supplementary Motor Complex and Disturbed Motor Control - a Retrospective Clinical and Lesion Analysis of Patients after Anterior Cerebral Artery Stroke. Front Neurol 2015; 6:209. [PMID: 26528234 PMCID: PMC4600920 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both the supplementary motor complex (SMC), consisting of the supplementary motor area (SMA) proper, the pre-SMA, and the supplementary eye field, and the rostral cingulate cortex are supplied by the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and are involved in higher motor control. The Bereitschaftspotential (BP) originates from the SMC and reflects cognitive preparation processes before volitional movements. ACA strokes may lead to impaired motor control in the absence of limb weakness and evoke an alien hand syndrome (AHS) in its extreme form. Aim To characterize the clinical spectrum of disturbed motor control after ACA strokes, including signs attributable to AHS and to identify the underlying neuroanatomical correlates. Methods A clinical assessment focusing on signs of disturbed motor control including intermanual conflict (i.e., bilateral hand movements directed at opposite purposes), lack of self-initiated movements, exaggerated grasping, motor perseverations, mirror movements, and gait apraxia was performed. Symptoms were grouped into (A) AHS-specific and (B) non-AHS-specific signs of upper limbs, and (C) gait apraxia. Lesion summation mapping was applied to the patients’ MRI or CT scans to reveal associated lesion patterns. The BP was recorded in two patients. Results Ten patients with ACA strokes (nine unilateral, one bilateral; mean age: 74.2 years; median NIH-SS at admission: 13.0) were included in this case series. In the acute stage, all cases had marked difficulties to perform volitional hand movements, while movements in response to external stimuli were preserved. In the chronic stage (median follow-up: 83.5 days) initiation of voluntary movements improved, although all patients showed persistent signs of disturbed motor control. Impaired motor control is predominantly associated with damaged voxels within the SMC and the anterior and medial cingulate cortex, while lesions within the pre-SMA are specifically related to AHS. No BP was detected over the damaged hemisphere. Conclusion ACA strokes involving the premotor cortices, particularly the pre-SMA, are associated with AHS-specific signs. In the acute phase, motor behavior is characterized by the inability to carry out self-initiated movements. Motor control deficits may persist to a variable degree beyond the acute phase. Alterations of the BP point to an underlying SMC dysfunction in AHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brugger
- Klinik für Neurologie, Kantonsspital St. Gallen , St. Gallen , Switzerland ; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London , London , UK
| | - Marian Galovic
- Klinik für Neurologie, Kantonsspital St. Gallen , St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | - Bruno J Weder
- Support Center of Advanced Neuroimaging, Inselspital , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Georg Kägi
- Klinik für Neurologie, Kantonsspital St. Gallen , St. Gallen , Switzerland
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28
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Batla A, Sánchez MC, Erro R, Ganos C, Stamelou M, Balint B, Brugger F, Antelmi E, Bhatia KP. The role of cerebellum in patients with late onset cervical/segmental dystonia?--evidence from the clinic. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:1317-22. [PMID: 26385708 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence from animal studies, post-mortem pathology, functional imaging and neurophysiological studies to suggest that the cerebellum may be involved in the pathophysiology of dystonia. We sought to explore further the association of clinical and radiological abnormalities of the cerebellum in patients with dystonia. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients from our movement disorders research database, with predominant cervical dystonia who have been seen within last 6 months and had available routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The clinical details including presence of cerebellar signs, imaging findings and results of investigations were recorded on a proforma. The results were analysed using percentages and means with standard deviation. RESULTS Out of 188 patients included 26 had evidence of cerebellar abnormality on neuroimaging. 17 patients showed cerebellar atrophy and 10 of these had cerebellar signs on examination. These patients were tested negative for common inherited ataxias. 9 patients had cerebellar lesions on MRI, reported as low grade tumour (n = 2), cerebellar infarct (n = 3), cyst (n = 2), white matter hyperintensity (n = 1) and ectopia (n = 1) out of these 4 had cerebellar signs. CONCLUSION The findings from our study suggest that there may be overt clinical or radiological cerebellar involvement in 14% of cases with cervical/segmental dystonia. However, larger prospective studies are needed in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Batla
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - M C Sánchez
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Neurology Department, Murcia, Spain
| | - R Erro
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e del Movimento, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - C Ganos
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Stamelou
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Second Dept of Neurology, Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Neurology Clinic, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - B Balint
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Brugger
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - E Antelmi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - K P Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
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29
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Brugger F, Abela E, Hägele-Link S, Bohlhalter S, Galovic M, Kägi G. Do executive dysfunction and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease share the same neuroanatomical correlates? J Neurol Sci 2015; 356:184-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Brugger F, Erro R, Balint B, Kägi G, Barone P, Bhatia KP. Why is there motor deterioration in Parkinson's disease during systemic infections-a hypothetical view. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2015; 1:15014. [PMID: 28725683 PMCID: PMC5516617 DOI: 10.1038/npjparkd.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinicians are well aware of the fact that patients with Parkinson's disease may significantly deteriorate following a systemic infection or, in its most severe case, may even develop an akinetic crisis. Although this phenomenon is widely observed and has a major impact on the patients' condition, the knowledge about the underlying mechanisms behind is still sparse. Possible explanations encompass changes in the pharmacodynamics of the dopaminergic drugs, altered dopamine metabolism in the brain, alterations in the dopaminergic transmission in the striatum or an enhancement of neurodegeneration due to remote effects of peripheral inflammatory processes or circulating bacterial toxins. This article provides possible explanatory concepts and may hence support formulating hypothesis for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brugger
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Erro
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Bettina Balint
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Barone
- Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases-CEMAND, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London, UK
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31
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Mahlknecht P, Iranzo A, Högl B, Frauscher B, Müller C, Santamaría J, Tolosa E, Serradell M, Mitterling T, Gschliesser V, Goebel G, Brugger F, Scherfler C, Poewe W, Seppi K. Olfactory dysfunction predicts early transition to a Lewy body disease in idiopathic RBD. Neurology 2015; 84:654-8. [PMID: 25609758 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine the predictive value of olfactory dysfunction for the early development of a synuclein-mediated neurodegenerative disease in subjects with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) over an observational period of 5 years. METHODS Thirty-four patients with polysomnography-confirmed iRBD underwent olfactory testing using the entire Sniffin' Sticks test assessing odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory threshold. Patients with iRBD were prospectively followed up over a period of 4.9 ± 0.3 years (mean ± SD). The diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases was based on current clinical diagnostic criteria. RESULTS After 2.4 ± 1.7 years (mean ± SD), 9 patients (26.5%) with iRBD developed a Lewy body disease (6 Parkinson disease and 3 dementia with Lewy bodies). The entire Sniffin' Sticks test and the identification subtest had the same overall diagnostic accuracy of 82.4% (95% confidence interval: 66.1%-92.0%) in predicting conversion. The relative risk for a Lewy body disease in the lowest tertile of olfactory function was 7.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.8-29.6) compared with the top 2 tertiles. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of olfactory function, particularly odor identification, may help to predict the development of a Lewy body disease in patients with iRBD over a relatively short time period and thus to identify patients suitable for future disease modification trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mahlknecht
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Iranzo
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Birgit Högl
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph Müller
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Santamaría
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Serradell
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Mitterling
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Viola Gschliesser
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georg Goebel
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florian Brugger
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph Scherfler
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Werner Poewe
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus Seppi
- From the Department of Neurology (P.M., B.H., B.F., C.M., T.M., V.G., F.B., C.S., W.P., K.S.), Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics (G.G.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Service (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.); and IDIBAPS (A.I., J.S., E.T., M.S.), Barcelona, Spain.
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Brugger F, Schüpbach M, Koenig M, Müri R, Bohlhalter S, Kaelin-Lang A, Kamm CP, Kägi G. The Clinical Spectrum of Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia Type 2. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2014; 1:106-109. [PMID: 30363866 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2) is an inherited disorder caused by mutations within both alleles of the senataxin gene. First symptoms are usually recognized before the age of 30. Unlike several other autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia syndromes, levels of alpha-fetoprotein are nearly always elevated in AOA2 and thus narrowing down the differential diagnosis list. We present 3 video cases illustrating and expanding the clinical spectrum of AOA2, with 1 case bearing a novel mutation with cervical dystonia as the first symptom, the absence of neuropathy, and a disease onset beyond the age of 40. Furthermore, all patients were assessed by oculographic analysis, which revealed distinct patterns of oculomotor abnormalities. The clinical spectrum of AOA2 might be even broader than previously described in larger series. Oculography might be a useful tool to detect subclinical oculomotor apraxia in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brugger
- Movement Disorders Center of Eastern Switzerland Department of Neurology Kantonsspital St.Gallen St.Gallen Switzerland
| | - Michael Schüpbach
- Movement Disorders Center Department of Neurology University Hospital Berne University of Berne Berne Switzerland
| | - Michel Koenig
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique Nouvel Hôpital Civil Strasbourg France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS/Université de Strasbourg/INSERM Illkirch France
| | - René Müri
- Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research Inselspital, University Hospital Berne Berne Switzerland
| | - Stephan Bohlhalter
- Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research Inselspital, University Hospital Berne Berne Switzerland
- Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Center Department of Internal Medicine Luzerner Kantonsspital Lucerne Switzerland
| | - Alain Kaelin-Lang
- Movement Disorders Center Department of Neurology University Hospital Berne University of Berne Berne Switzerland
| | - Christian P Kamm
- Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research Inselspital, University Hospital Berne Berne Switzerland
| | - Georg Kägi
- Movement Disorders Center of Eastern Switzerland Department of Neurology Kantonsspital St.Gallen St.Gallen Switzerland
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Rothenberger D, Frei U, Brugger F. Policy principles and implementation guidelines for private sector participation in the water sector--a step towards better results. Water Sci Technol 2005; 51:61-9. [PMID: 16007929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To achieve the Millennium Development Goals, all partners (public, private, NGOs) must be engaged for improving and expanding the water supply and sanitation services. Yet, high transaction costs, unclear role allocation and lack of trust and commitment put Private Sector Participation (PSP) at risk. The initiative "Policy Principles and Implementation Guidelines for Private Sector Participation in Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation" contributes to equitable, effective, ecological and efficient PSP projects. Based on a multi stakeholder process, the Policy Principles are offering an open and transparent framework for the negotiation of valid, widely accepted and action-oriented solutions, while the Implementation Guidelines focus on success factors for building partnerships on the operational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rothenberger
- Programme Manager Infrastructure Financing, Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (seco), Effingerstrasse 1, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland.
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Vassout A, Veenstra S, Hauser K, Ofner S, Brugger F, Schilling W, Gentsch C. NKP608: a selective NK-1 receptor antagonist with anxiolytic-like effects in the social interaction and social exploration test in rats. Regul Pept 2000; 96:7-16. [PMID: 11102646 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(00)00194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
NKP608 is a non-peptidic derivative of 4-aminopiperidine which acts as a selective, specific and potent antagonist at the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the binding of NKP608 to bovine retina was characterized by an IC50 of 2.6+/-0.4 nM, whereas the compound's affinity to other receptor binding sites, including NK-2 and NK-3, was much lower. Species differences in IC(50) values with NKP608 were less pronounced than with previously described NK-1 receptor antagonists, being 13+/-2 and 27+/-2 nM in gerbil midbrain and rat striatum, respectively. In vivo, using the hind foot thumping model in gerbils, NKP608 exhibited a potent NK-1 antagonistic activity following oral administration (ID(50)=0.23 mg/kg; 2 h pretreatment), supporting a central activity of NKP608. The compound had a long duration of action with an ID(50) value of 0. 15 mg/kg p.o. and 0.38 mg/kg p.o. following a pretreatment of 5 and 24 h, respectively. Following a subchronic administration for 7 consecutive days (once daily) there was no evidence for the development of tolerance or accumulation. In the social interaction test performed in a highly illuminated, unfamiliar test arena, NKP608 specifically increased the time the two rats spent in social contact, and there was no concomitant increase in parameters reflecting general activity, i.e. ambulation (number of square entries) or the number of rearings. Active social time was maximally increased at a dose range of 0.01-1 mg/kg p.o. NKP608, the effect being weaker or absent at both lower (0.001 mg/kg p.o.) and higher (10 mg/kg p.o.) doses. A comparable bell-shaped dose-response relation was seen in the social exploration test in rats. In this modified resident/intruder paradigm, maximal increase in social contact of the intruder rat directed towards the resident rat was seen at a similar dose range (0.03-3 mg/kg p.o.) The effects observed following an acute oral administration of NKP608 were comparable to those seen following a treatment with the well-known benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide, in both these tests. These findings indicate that NKP608 exhibits an anxiolytic-like effect and that this effect, as concluded from the observed antagonism of the hind foot thumping induced by i.c.v. administration of the NK-1 receptor agonist SPOMe, is centrally mediated. This makes this compound a potentially promising candidate for treating anxiety-related disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vassout
- Pharma Novartis AG, Nervous System, Research, WSJ386-2.45, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
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Faber ES, Chambers JP, Brugger F, Evans RH. Depression of A and C fibre-evoked segmental reflexes by morphine and clonidine in the in vitro spinal cord of the neonatal rat. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 120:1390-6. [PMID: 9105717 PMCID: PMC1564612 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Population synaptic responses of motoneurones were recorded from a ventral root following electrical stimulation of the corresponding lumbar dorsal root in neonatal rat hemisected spinal cord preparations in vitro. Two levels of electrical stimulation were used to elicit dorsal root compound action potentials that contained either an A fibre component alone or both A and C fibre components. The effects of centrally acting analgesics and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist were tested on synaptic responses produced by these two levels of stimulation. 2. At stimulus intensities below four times threshold (T) there was no C fibre component in the dorsal root compound action potential. Responses to a single pulse at 3T (the low intensity excitatory postsynaptic potential (e.p.s.p.)), a train of five pulses at 2T (the train e.p.s.p.) and a single supramaximal pulse (the high intensity e.p.s.p.) were used to compare the depressant actions of morphine, clonidine and the competitive NMDA antagonist CGP40116 (D-(E)-2- amino-4-methyl-5-phosphono-pentenoic acid). The train e.p.s.p. (mean half-time to decay 5 +/- 0.6 s, n = 6) had a similar profile to the high intensity e.p.s.p. (mean half-time to decay 6.8 +/- 0.7, n = 8). 3. The monosynaptic compound action potential of motoneurones (MSR) was resistant to all three drugs irrespective of the intensity of dorsal root stimulation. The low intensity e.p.s.p., the train e.p.s.p. and the high intensity e.p.s.p. were depressed by all three drugs. The EC50 values for depression by morphine were 79 +/- 1 nM (n = 8) for the high intensity e.p.s.p. and 99 +/- 1 nM (n = 4) for the low intensity e.p.s.p. The corresponding values for clonidine were 25 +/- 1 nM (n = 8) and 9 +/- 1 nM (n = 4) and those for CGP40116 were 860 +/- 1.3 nM (n = 4) and 76 +/- 1.1 nM (n = 4). 4. The depressant profile of the NMDA antagonist, having the least depressant activity on the C fibre-mediated response, was different from that of the two analgesics. CGP40116 (3 microM) depressed the high intensity e.p.s.p. to 62 +/- 8%, the low intensity e.p.s.p. to 22 +/- 4% and the train e.p.s.p. to 16 +/- 2% of control values. 5. The depressant actions of morphine were fully reversed by naloxone (1 microM) and those of clonidine were fully reversed by atipamezole (1 microM). 6. These results show that, in contrast to previous findings, activation of primary afferent C fibres in dorsal roots is not required for generation of morphine- or clonidine-sensitive synaptic responses in ventral roots of this in vitro preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Faber
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol
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Abstract
The effects of substance P (SP) and the selective NK1 receptor agonist [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P on neonate rat spinal motoneurones were examined using intracellular recordings. Bath-administration of SP (0.1-3 microM) or [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P (0.01-3 microM) induced a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-insensitive (10 microM) depolarization and a tetraethylammoniumchloride (TEA)-sensitive (3 mM) decrease in membrane conductance. The duration of the slow afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) following the action potentials were significantly reduced (p = 0.003) by both NK1 receptor agonists. The mean duration of the sAHPs (+/- SEM) in control was 67.8 +/- 6.3 ms whereas in the presence of SP and [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P their duration was reduced to 41.7 +/- 4.6 ms. Low Ca2+ (0.2 mM)-containing artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) or addition of BaCl2 or CdCl2 (2 mM) reduced the durations of the slow AHPs by 55%. In the presence of these agents SP and [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P practically abolished the remaining slow AHPs, suggesting that the agonists also reduce a calcium-independent current. None of the effects induced by the NK1 receptor agonists were antagonized by the NK1 receptor antagonists (+/-)-CP-96,345 (10 microM), RP 67580 (1 microM) or GR 82334 (3-5 microM). In conclusion this study demonstrates that SP and [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P elicit their effects on NK1 receptors by modulating at least two potassium currents, namely IK and ICa(K).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lepre
- Research and Development Department, Pharmaceuticals Division, CIBA Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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Froestl W, Mickel SJ, Hall RG, von Sprecher G, Strub D, Baumann PA, Brugger F, Gentsch C, Jaekel J, Olpe HR. Phosphinic acid analogues of GABA. 1. New potent and selective GABAB agonists. J Med Chem 1995; 38:3297-312. [PMID: 7650684 DOI: 10.1021/jm00017a015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The antispastic agent and muscle relaxant baclofen 1 is a potent and selective agonist for bicuculline-insensitive GABAB receptors. For many years efforts to obtain superior GABAB agonists were unsuccessful. We describe the syntheses and biological properties of two new series of GABAB agonists, the best compounds of which are more potent than baclofen in vitro and in vivo. They were obtained by replacing the carboxylic acid group of GABA or baclofen derivatives with either the phosphinic acid or the methylphosphinic acid residue. Surprisingly, ethyl- and higher alkylphosphinic acid derivatives of GABA yielded novel GABAB antagonists, which are described in part 2 of this series. Structure-activity relationships of the novel GABAB agonists are discussed with respect to their affinities to GABAB receptors as well as to their effects in many functional tests in vitro and in vivo providing new muscle relaxant drugs with significantly improved side effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Froestl
- Research and Development Department, CIBA-GEIGY AG, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Oxcarbazepine (OCBZ, Trileptal) and its main human monohydroxy metabolite (MHD) protected mice and rats against generalized tonic-clonic seizures induced by electroshock with ED50 values between 13.5 and 20.5 mg/kg p.o. No tolerance toward this anticonvulsant effect was observed when rats were treated with OCBZ or MHD daily for 4 weeks. The therapeutic indices were 4 (OCBZ) and > 6 (MHD) for sedation (observation test, mice and rats) and 8 (MHD) or 10 (OCBZ) for motor impairment (rotorod test, mice). Both compounds were less potent in suppressing chemically induced seizures and did not significantly influence rat kindling development. At doses of 50 mg/kg p.o. and 20 mg/kg i.m. and higher, OCBZ and, to a lesser extent, MHD protected Rhesus monkeys from aluminum-induced chronically recurring partial seizures. In vitro, OCBZ and MHD suppressed sustained high-frequency repetitive firing of sodium-dependent action potentials in mouse neurons in cell culture with equal potency (medium effective concentration 5 x 10(-8) M/L). This effect is probably due in part to a direct effect on sodium channels. Patch-clamp studies on rat dorsal root ganglia cells revealed that up to a concentration of 3 x 10(-4) M, MHD did not significantly interact with L-type calcium currents, whereas OCBZ diminished them by about 30% at the concentration of 3 x 10(-4) M. In biochemical investigations, no brain neurotransmitter or modulator receptor site responsible for the anticonvulsant mechanism of action of OCBZ and MHD was identified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmutz
- Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Research and Development Department, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
The goal of these investigations was to study the role of tachykinin NK2 receptors in neonatal spinal cords using the selective NK2 receptor agonist [beta-Ala8]neurokinin A-(4-10) and the new NK2 receptor antagonist GR 94800. Experiments were performed with superfused hemisected rat and gerbil spinal cords. Dorsal roots were electrically stimulated and the synaptically elicited responses and the DC-potentials were recorded extracellularly from the corresponding ventral roots. [beta-Ala8]neurokinin A-(4-10) depolarized ventral roots (0.01-10 microM) and increased their spontaneous activity in a concentration-dependent manner. These effects of [beta-Ala8]neurokinin A-(4-10) were reduced by GR 94800. The action of GR 94800 was selective because the depolarizing effects of similar magnitude evoked by the NK1 receptor agonist [Sar9,Met(O2)11]substance P were not affected by GR 94800. The pA2 values of GR 94800 amounted to 6.0 +/- 0.4 in the rat and 5.4 +/- 0.3 in the gerbil. The NK2 receptor agonist was more potent in the rat than in the gerbil. The estimated EC50 (mean +/- S.E.M.) was found to be 3.9 + 6.0/-1.3 microM in the rat and 2.4 + 2.9/-1.3 microM in the gerbil spinal cord. The NK2 receptor agonist [beta-Ala8]neurokinin A-(4-10) potentiated the monosynaptic reflex evoked by dorsal root stimulation. The potentiation manifested itself as an increase in the amplitude of the early component of the response. The receptor type mediating this effect could not be elucidated. The potentiation ranged between 30 +/- 27 and 110 +/- 36% (0.3 and 10 microM), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lepre
- Research and Development Department, Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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Blake JF, Cao CQ, Headley PM, Collingridge GL, Brugger F, Evans RH. Antagonism of baclofen-induced depression of whole-cell synaptic currents in spinal dorsal horn neurones by the potent GABAB antagonist CGP55845. Neuropharmacology 1993; 32:1437-40. [PMID: 8152534 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(93)90042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The potencies of two GABAB receptor antagonists P-[3-aminopropyl]- P-diethoxymethyl-phosphinic acid (CGP35348) and the novel compound 3-N[1-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]amino-2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-P- benzyl-phosphinic acid (CGP55845) have been compared in an in vitro spinal cord preparation. They have been tested as antagonists of baclofen-induced depression of EPSCs of patch-clamped dorsal horn neurons following electrical stimulation of dorsal roots. Mean EC50 values for the depressant action of baclofen were increased by 50- and 140-fold respectively in the presence of CGP35348 (200 microM) (n = 5) and CGP55845 (100 nM) (n = 4). This potency of CGP55845 is > 1000-fold higher than that reported previously for other GABAB receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Blake
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, U.K
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41
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Lepre M, Evans RH, Olpe HR, Brugger F. The modulation of the monosynaptic reflex by substance P in the hemisected spinal cord preparation of the rat and gerbil. Neuroscience 1993; 55:727-35. [PMID: 7692348 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90438-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of substance P and the selective neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (+/-)-CP-96,345 have been compared on in vitro spinal cord preparations from the rat and the gerbil. Substance P produced a concentration-dependent depolarization of motoneurons recorded from ventral roots of both species. The EC50 values (microM mean +/- S.E.M.) obtained in rat (0.95 + 1.0/-0.49) and gerbil (0.47 + 0.26/-0.17) preparations were comparable. The mean maximal depolarization (mV mean +/- S.E.M.) evoked in rat (2.07 + 0.26/-0.25) was approximately two-fold greater than that evoked in gerbil (1.21 + 0.15/-0.14) preparations. In the rat substance P had a biphasic effect (depression followed by potentiation) on the short latency probably monosynaptic reflex evoked by electrical stimulation of a dorsal root. In gerbil preparations substance P produced only potentiation of the monosynaptic reflex. The EC50 values (microM) mean +/- S.E.M.) for this potentiating action in rat (0.97 + 0.75/-0.43) and gerbil (0.46 + 3.6/-0.4) preparations were similar. This potentiation demonstrates a positive modulation of an endogenous excitatory probably glutamatergic transmission by substance P in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. The depressant phase observed in rat preparations may be related to the relative immaturity of myelination in rat ventral root fibres compared to the gerbil. The selective neurokinin-1 antagonist (+/-)-CP-96,345 was one hundred-fold less potent as an antagonist of substance P-induced depolarizations in the rat (pA2 4.69 +/- 0.18, n = 7) than in the gerbil (pA2 6.79 +/- 0.16, n = 5) spinal cord. This finding suggests that (+/-)-CP-96,345 may not act solely at the neurokinin-1 recognition site. In conclusion this study demonstrates that substance P modulates the monosynaptic reflex in the spinal cord presumably via activation of neurokinin-1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lepre
- Research and Development Department, Pharmaceuticals Division, CIBA-GEIGY Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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Brugger F, Wicki U, Olpe HR, Froestl W, Mickel S. The action of new potent GABAB receptor antagonists in the hemisected spinal cord preparation of the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1993; 235:153-5. [PMID: 8390938 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(93)90836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
CGP 52432 (3-N-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)aminopropyl-P-diethoxymethylphosphinic acid), CGP 54062 (3-N[1-(R,S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]amino-2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-P-benzy l- phosphinic acid), CGP 54626 (3-N[[1-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]amino-2-(S)- hydroxypropyl-P-cyclohexylmethylphosphinic acid) and CGP 55845 (3-N[1-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]amino-2-(S)- hydroxypropyl-P-benzyl-phosphinic acid) are novel selective GABAB receptor antagonist. The apparent Kd values for the complex formed between the GABAB receptor and these compounds were determined using the monosynaptic reflex in the hemisected rat spinal cord preparation in vitro. CGP 55845 was found to be the most potent GABAB receptor antagonist tested (apparent Kd = 30 nM). On the same preparation 0.3 microM CGP 55845 was equipotent with 100 microM of CGP 35348 (P-(3-aminopropyl)-P-diethoxymethyl-phosphinic acid) for reversal of the depressant action of (R)-(-)-baclofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Brugger
- Research and Development Department, Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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43
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Olpe HR, Steinmann MW, Ferrat T, Pozza MF, Greiner K, Brugger F, Froestl W, Mickel SJ, Bittiger H. The actions of orally active GABAB receptor antagonists on GABAergic transmission in vivo and in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 1993; 233:179-86. [PMID: 8385620 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(93)90048-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this report is to present the results obtained with three new GABAB receptor antagonists. CGP 54062 has an IC50 in a GABAB binding test of 0.013 microM which is roughly 2500-fold lower than one of the most potent blockers known so far, CGP 35348 (IC50 = 34 microM). CGP 46381 and CGP 36742 have IC50s of 4.9 and 36 microM respectively. The latter two compounds are the first orally active GABAB receptor antagonists. All three compounds bind to the GABAB receptor selectively, and are inactive in a number of binding tests assessing the compounds' affinity to various other receptor sites. The effect of these blockers on GABAergic transmission was investigated in the CA1 area of hippocampal slices. The Schaffer collateral/commissural fibers were stimulated and the evoked postsynaptic potentials were recorded intracellularly in pyramidal neurons. The three antagonists blocked the late inhibitory postsynaptic potential with the following rank order of potency CGP 54062 > 46381 > 36742 approximately 35348. These findings support the hypothesis that these potentials are mediated by GABAB receptors. Orally administered CGP 36742 and CGP 46381 block the neuronal depression induced by iontophoretically applied baclofen in anaesthetised rats. Up to a dose of 10 mg/kg i.v. CGP 54062 was inactive and thus does not appear to cross the blood-brain barrier at this dose. In anaesthetised rats the effects of the three new GABAB antagonists and of CGP 35348 were investigated on the paired-pulse inhibition of the population spikes evoked in the CA1 area of the hippocampus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Olpe
- Research and Development Department, Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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44
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Pook P, Brugger F, Hawkins NS, Clark KC, Watkins JC, Evans RH. A comparison of the actions of agonists and antagonists at non-NMDA receptors of C fibres and motoneurones of the immature rat spinal cord in vitro. Br J Pharmacol 1993; 108:179-84. [PMID: 8094024 PMCID: PMC1907711 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The shift in d.c. potential in dorsal roots (EC50 8.0 microM +/- 0.9 s.e. mean, n = 5) or depression of the C elevation of the compound action potential (EC50 3.0 microM +/- 0.3, n = 7) have been used to measure the depolarizing action of kainate on dorsal root C fibres of immature (3 to 5 day old) rats. Depolarization of motoneurones was measured from the shift in d.c. potential in ventral roots. 2. 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline,2-3,dione (CNQX) (pA2 5.78 +/- 0.06, n = 8) and 6-nitro-7-suplhamobenzo(f)quinoxaline-2,3-dione (NBQX) (pA2 5.75 +/- 0.04, n = 7) had similar potencies as antagonists of kainate at dorsal root fibres. The potency of NBQX as a kainate antagonist was similar also at motoneurones (pA2 5.72 +/- 0.07, n = 3). At motoneurones, NBQX was less potent as an antagonist of domoate (pA2 5.29 +/- 0.05) and more potent as an antagonist of S-alpha-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) (pA2 6.80 +/- 0.09) than as an antagonist of kainate. 3. Application of L-glutamate, quisqualate and RS-AMPA to dorsal roots produced only short lasting depolarizations but kainate concentration-effect plots were shifted to the right in the presence of these three agonists (pA2 5.08 +/- 0.08, (n = 3), 5.59 +/- 0.04, (n = 4) and 4.46 +/- 0.04 (n = 4) respectively). Slopes of dose-ratio against concentration were significantly less than one for the latter antagonism. 4. The amplitude of depolarizations induced by L-glutamate, AMPA and quisqualate were increased up to ten fold and those induced by kainate up to two fold following treatment of dorsal roots with concanavalin A. The duration of the responses was increased also by the latter treatment. Folowing 85 s applications of glutamate, quisqualate, AMPA and kainate the mean respective times (s +/- s.e.mean (n))taken for responses to decay to half the peak amplitude were increased from 63 +/- 7 (10), 86 +/- 17 (4),95 +/- 19 (4) and 135 +/- 3 (12) to 202 +/- 49 (10), 147 +/- 7 (4), 160 +/- 13 (6) and 163 +/- 10 (10). Under similar conditions the mean decay time of y-aminobutyric acid-induced responses was 145 +/- 7 (10). This was not significantly altered by concanavalin A treatment.5. Application to dorsal roots of L-aspartate at concentrations up to 5 mm (with or without concanavalin A treatment), the selective metabotropic agonist 1S,3R-trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (1 mM,) and D-serine (20 pM) in the presence or absence of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA,500 pM) neither depolarized the preparations nor shifted the kainate concentration-effect plot.6. It is concluded that primary afferent C fibres possess only one type of non-NMDA receptor which is activated strongly by domoate or kainate but only weakly by AMPA. This receptor is readily desensitized by glutamate, quisqualate or AMPA and it is less readily desensitized by kainate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pook
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol
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Brugger F, Wicki U, Nassenstein-Elton D, Fagg GE, Olpe HR, Pozza MF. Modulation of the NMDA receptor by D-serine in the cortex and the spinal cord, in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 1990; 191:29-38. [PMID: 2151187 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(90)94093-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a comparative study of the modulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor at the strychnine-insensitive glycine site in the spinal cord and in the cortex. The excitatory effect of NMDA was potentiated by D-serine (a glycine mimetic) in the hemisected rat spinal cord. The non-competitive NMDA antagonists 7-chlorokynurenic acid (7-Cl KYNA; 10 microM) and 3-amino-1-hydroxypyrrolid-2-one (HA-966; 100 or 200 microM) antagonized the effect of NMDA in the spinal cord and cortical wedge preparation. The antagonism was reversed by the addition of D-serine. This effect was strychnine-insensitive and hence not related to the inhibitory glycine receptor known to be present in the spinal cord. Our results suggest strongly that glycine positively modulates the NMDA system not only at a supraspinal level but also at the spinal level. As the positive modulation of NMDA responses by D-serine was also seen in the presence of tetrodotoxin, we conclude that the NMDA/glycine complex is (also) located on motoneurones in addition to the known glycine-mediated inhibitory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Brugger
- Research and Development Department, Ciba-Geigy, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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46
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Olpe HR, Karlsson G, Pozza MF, Brugger F, Steinmann M, Van Riezen H, Fagg G, Hall RG, Froestl W, Bittiger H. CGP 35348: a centrally active blocker of GABAB receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1990; 187:27-38. [PMID: 2176979 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(90)90337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical, electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of the new GABAB receptor blocker CGP 35348 are described. In a variety of receptor binding assays CGP 35348 showed affinity for the GABAB receptor only. CGP 35348 had an IC50 of 34 microM at the GABAB receptor. The compound antagonized (100, 300, 1000 microM) the potentiating effect of L-baclofen on noradrenaline-induced stimulation of adenylate cyclase in rat cortex slices. In electrophysiological studies CGP 35348 (10, 100 microM) antagonized the effect of L-baclofen in the isolated rat spinal cord. In the hippocampal slice preparation CGP 35348 (10, 30, 100 microM) blocked the membrane hyperpolarization induced by D/L-baclofen (10 microM) and the late inhibitory postsynaptic potential. CGP 35348 appeared to be 10-30 times more potent than the GABAB receptor blocker phaclofen. Ionophoretic and behavioural experiments showed that GABAB receptors in the brain were blocked after i.p. administration of CGP 35348. This compound may be of considerable value in elucidating the roles of brain GABAB receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Olpe
- Research and Development Department, Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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47
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Pozza MF, Olpe HR, Brugger F, Fagg GE. Electrophysiological characterization of a novel potent and orally active NMDA receptor antagonist: CGP 37849 and its ethylester CGP 39551. Eur J Pharmacol 1990; 182:91-100. [PMID: 1976098 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(90)90496-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The selectivity and potency of the novel competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, CGP 37849 and CGP 39551, were investigated in vitro and in vivo using electrophysiological approaches. Like the reference blocker DL-AP5, both compounds acted in vitro (hippocampus, substantia nigra, spinal cord) to antagonize the excitatory actions of exogenously administered NMDA as well as the synaptically elicited, physiological NMDA receptor responses in hippocampus and spinal cord. In all isolated preparations CGP 37849 was more potent than CGP 39551, and 5- to 10-fold more potent than DL-AP5. Neither compound showed any marked effect on responses evoked by quisqualate and kainate. NMDA excited dopaminergic cells in the pars compacta region of the substantia nigra in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect also could be selectively antagonized by CGP 37849 and CGP 39551. In the anaesthetized rat, excitatory responses of hippocampal pyramidal cells evoked by iontophoretic application of NMDA were antagonized by CGP 37849 and CGP 39551 following their oral administration without reducing quisqualate or kainate responses. In contrast to the in vitro situation, CGP 39551 was more potent than CGP 37849 in vivo. Effective doses were 30 mg/kg p.o. for CGP 39551 and 100 mg/kg p.o. for CGP 37849. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that CGP 37849 and CGP 39551 selectively antagonize NMDA evoked neuronal responses in vivo and in vitro and that the drugs are centrally active following their oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Pozza
- Research and Development Department, Ciba-Geigy, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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48
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Brugger F, Evans RH, Hawkins NS. Effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists and spantide on spinal reflexes and responses to substance P and capsaicin in isolated spinal cord preparations from mouse and rat. Neuroscience 1990; 36:611-22. [PMID: 1700328 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(90)90004-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulus intensity, capsaicin, excitatory amino acid antagonists and the substance P antagonist, spantide, have been used to investigate the roles of primary afferent C fibres and excitatory amino acid receptors in the generation of long duration (half time 9.1 s +/- 1.1 S.E.M., N = 24) contralateral reflexes recorded in ventral roots of immature rat spinal cords in vitro. The relationship between C fibre compound action potentials recorded in the dorsal root and duration of the dorsal root-evoked contralateral ventral root potential appeared to be coincidental rather than causal. Dorsal root-evoked contralateral ventral root potentials of greater than 2 s in duration could not be evoked in mature mouse spinal preparations. Application of capsaicin (1 microM for 15-120 min) produced a long lasting increase in spontaneous activity of ventral roots as well as blockade of C fibre conduction in dorsal roots. The dorsal root potential evoked following stimulation of adjacent dorsal roots at intensities insufficient for activation of C fibres was depressed by capsaicin. Dorsal root-evoked contralateral ventral root potentials were abolished by kynurenate (EC50 56 +/- 13 microM, N = 3) and depressed to 38.2 +/- 6.9% S.E.M. (N = 7) of pre-drug levels by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (20 microM) or to 51.8 +/- 9.0% (N = 7) by the substance P analogue spantide (33 microM). Spantide consistently antagonised substance P-induced, but not capsaicin-induced, depolarizations recorded in ventral roots (+-)-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (10-50 microM) depressed both substance P- and capsaicin-induced depolarizations. The depressant effect of spantide, unlike that of (+/-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, was associated with a long lasting excitatory action. In the presence of tetrodotoxin (0.1 microM), spantide (33 microM) failed to antagonize substance P-induced depolarizations. It is suggested that long duration of the dorsal root-evoked contralateral ventral root potential is a consequence of the activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor operated ion channels by excitatory amino acid transmitters.
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Olpe HR, Steinmann MW, Brugger F, Pozza MF. Excitatory amino acid receptors in rat locus coeruleus. An extracellular in vitro study. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1989; 339:312-4. [PMID: 2566932 DOI: 10.1007/bf00173584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate whether locus coeruleus neurons of the rat are sensitive to agonists of the different excitatory amino acid receptors. All experiments were performed on a midpontine rat slice preparation. Bath-applied L-glutamate, kainate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and quisqualate induced concentration-dependent activations of all neurons which were reflected in an increase of the neurons' mean discharge rate. The rank order of cell activation was kainate approximately quisqualate greater than NMDA greater than L-glutamate. None of the agonists induced a bursting-type of discharge. The NMDA-receptor blocker DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV, 30 microM) selectively antagonized the NMDA-induced increase in cell firing. Kynurenic acid (100 microM) non-selectively attenuated the response to NMDA, kainate and quisqualate. Neither APV nor kynurenic acid per se had any effect on the spontaneous firing rate. If the Mg2+ concentration in the superfusion medium was lowered from 2 mM to nominally zero the response to NMDA was selectively increased. In conclusion, locus coeruleus neurons share with other neurons their sensitivity to agonists of all three types of excitatory amino acid receptors. However, in contrast to other neurons, they do not respond with a bursting type of discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Olpe
- Biology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceuticals Division, Ciba-Geigy Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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50
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Olpe HR, Steinmann MW, Pozza MF, Brugger F, Schmutz M. Valproate enhances GABA-A mediated inhibition of locus coeruleus neurones in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1988; 338:655-7. [PMID: 2854215 DOI: 10.1007/bf00165630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It has previously been claimed that the anticonvulsant valproate acts by augmenting GABA-ergic transmission, however, the data supporting this claim is controversial. Here we demonstrate that valproate strongly and reversibly potentiates the depressant effects of the GABA-A receptor agonist muscimol on locus coeruleus neurones recorded extracellularly from a midpontine slice preparation of the rat. The depressant effect of muscimol (2 microM) is augmented by bath applied valproate at concentrations of 50 microM, 100 microM and 1 mM. The effect of GABA is also potentiated by valproate. The potentiating effect is selective since the cell inhibition elicited by the GABA-B receptor agonist baclofen is not affected. Valproate on its own had no effect on the firing frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Olpe
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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