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Jafarzadeh A, Jafarzadeh Z, Nemati M, Yoshimura A. The Interplay Between Helicobacter pylori and Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) Molecules in the Development of Gastric Cancer and Induction of Immune Response. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13105. [PMID: 38924222 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the stomach and leads to the secretion of a vast range of cytokines by infiltrated leukocytes directing immune/inflammatory response against the bacterium. To regulate immune/inflammatory responses, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins bind to multiple signaling components located downstream of cytokine receptors, such as Janus kinase (JAK), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). Dysfunctional SOCS proteins in immune cells may facilitate the immune evasion of H. pylori, allowing the bacteria to induce chronic inflammation. Dysregulation of SOCS expression and function can contribute to the sustained H. pylori-mediated gastric inflammation which can lead to gastric cancer (GC) development. Among SOCS molecules, dysregulated expression of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and SOCS6 were indicated in H. pylori-infected individuals as well as in GC tissues and cells. H. pylori-induced SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and SOCS6 dysregulation can contribute to the GC development. The expression of SOCS molecules can be influenced by various factors, such as epigenetic DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and gene polymorphisms. Modulation of the expression of SOCS molecules in gastric epithelial cells and immune cells can be considered to control gastric carcinogenesis as well as regulate antitumor immune responses, respectively. This review aimed to explain the interplay between H. pylori and SOCS molecules in GC development and immune response induction as well as to provide insights regarding potential therapeutic strategies modulating SOCS molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Smirnova OV, Sinyakov AA, Kasparov EV. Correlation between the Chemiluminescent Activity of Neutrophilic Granulocytes and the Lipid Peroxidation-Antioxidant Defense System in Gastric Cancer Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2043. [PMID: 37509684 PMCID: PMC10377177 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the processes of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes depending on the chemiluminescent activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infection, depending on the stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 39 patients with stage I-II gastric cancer and 30 patients with stage III-IV gastric cancer were examined. A study of the chemiluminescent activity of neutrophilic granulocytes was carried out and the parameters of the lipid peroxidation system and antioxidant protection in plasma were determined using the spectrophotometric method. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 7.0 software package (StatSoft, St Tulsa, OK, USA). RESULTS In patients with gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infection, regardless of stage, the proportion of neutrophilic granulocytes with normal activity did not exceed 1/3 of the total number of patients, and the remaining 2/3 of patients had altered chemiluminescent activity of neutrophilic granulocytes. In patients with gastric cancer, by I-II stage of the disease, the majority revealed a reduced function of neutrophilic granulocytes, and in patients with gastric cancer in stage III-IV of the disease, the majority showed increased chemiluminescent activity of neutrophilic granulocytes. CONCLUSIONS In all patients with gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infection, regardless of the stage of the disease, an increase in lipid peroxidation processes with activation of antioxidant defense enzymes was detected. At the same time, there were no statistically significant differences between the indicators of the system lipid peroxidation-antioxidant protection depending on the stage of gastric cancer and the chemiluminescent activity of neutrophilic granulocytes, which likely indicates that all reactive oxygen species produced by neutrophilic granulocytes in the respiratory burst are consumed locally, minimally affecting the development of oxidative stress in the blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Valentinovna Smirnova
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, St. Partizan Zheleznyaka 3 "G", 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Alexandrovich Sinyakov
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, St. Partizan Zheleznyaka 3 "G", 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Eduard Vilyamovich Kasparov
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, St. Partizan Zheleznyaka 3 "G", 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Zhao XY, Zhang XL. DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor 5-AZA-DC Regulates TGF β1-Mediated Alteration of Neuroglial Cell Functions after Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9259465. [PMID: 36211817 PMCID: PMC9534700 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9259465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
5-AZA-DC is an efficient methylation inhibitor that inhibits methylation of target DNA. In this study, we explored the effects of 5-AZA-DC on the regulation of TGFβ1 on target genes in neuroglial cell, as well as neuroglial cell functions under oxidative stress. The oxidative stress was constructed by editing CRISPR/Cas9 for knock out Ang-1 and ApoE4 genes. Cells were subjected to TGFβ1OE (or shTGFβ1) transfection and/or 5-AZA-DC intervention. Results showed that under oxidative stress, both TGFβ1OE and shTGFβ1 transfection raised DNMT1, but reduced TGFβ1, PTEN, and TSC2 expressions in neuroglial cells. TGFβ1 directly bind to the promoter of PTEN gene. 5-AZA-DC intervention lowered DNMT1 and raised TGFβ1 expression, as well as promoted the binding between TGFβ1 and promoter of PTEN. TGFβ1OE caused a significant increase in the DNA demethylation level of PTEN promoter, while 5-AZA-DC intervention reduced the DNA demethylation level of PTEN promoter. Under oxidative stress, TGFβ1OE (or shTGFβ1) transfection inhibited neuroglial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, promoted cell apoptosis. 5-AZA-DC intervention alleviated TGFβ1OE (or shTGFβ1) transfection caused neuroglial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion inhibition, as well as cell apoptosis. To conclude, these results suggest that 5-AZA-DC can be used as a potential drug for epigenetic therapy on oxidative stress damage in neuroglial cells. The findings of this research provide theoretical basis and research ideas for methylation drug intervention and TGFβ1 gene as a possible precise target of glial oxidative stress diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou 510800, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Fifth Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou 510800, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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The Role of Immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA and IgE-Antibodies against Helicobacter pylori in the Development of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Chronic Gastritis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082053. [PMID: 36009600 PMCID: PMC9406222 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To study the predominant serum responses (antibodies IgG, IgA, IgE) against H. pylori in relation to the indicators of the system “lipid peroxidation−antioxidant system” in various pathogenetic variants of chronic gastritis (CG). Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with CG, 33 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and 31 patients with chronic allergic gastritis (CALG) were examined. The values of the system of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in plasma were determined in the serum of patients using a spectrophotometric method. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 7.0 software package (StatSoft, Tulsa, OK, USA). Results: With serum responses “antibodies IgG > IgA” and “high concentrations of IgE antibodies”, we found unidirectional changes in the form of an increase in the amount of diene conjugates, malondialdehyde and an increase in the activity of all enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase. With a serum response with low concentrations of IgG, IgA antibodies, multidirectional changes were found in the form of an increase in the amount of diene conjugates, malondialdehyde and a decrease in the activity of all enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase relative to the control group. Conclusions: The obtained data testify to the balance of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system processes and depend on the characteristics of the immune response to H. pylori infection.
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Vahidi S, Mirzajani E, Norollahi SE, Aziminezhad M, Samadani AA. Performance of DNA Methylation on the Molecular Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer; targeted therapy approach. J Pharmacopuncture 2022; 25:88-100. [PMID: 35837145 PMCID: PMC9240405 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2022.25.2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elham Norollahi
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aziminezhad
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- UMR INSERM U 1122, Gene Environment Interactions in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology (IGE-PCV), University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Robinson K, Atherton JC. The Spectrum of Helicobacter-Mediated Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2020; 16:123-144. [PMID: 33197219 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-032520-024949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of peptic ulcer disease. The infection has been implicated in more than 75% of duodenal ulcer cases and 17% of gastric ulcer cases. H. pylori has been classified as a human carcinogen, since it is the main cause of distal gastric adenocarcinoma and B cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Evidence also links H. pylori with extragastric conditions including iron deficiency anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and vitamin B12 deficiency. Studies indicate that H. pylori may be protective against other conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., reflux esophagitis and related pathologies) and elsewhere in the body (e.g., asthma). The infection is asymptomatic in the vast majority of cases; more serious outcomes occur in only 10-15% of infected individuals. Despite extensive research over the past 3 decades, there is no effective vaccine, and the circumstances leading to disease development remain unclear. In addition, there is now a growing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in H. pylori. This review discusses these important issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Robinson
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom;
| | - John C Atherton
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom;
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Koulis A, Buckle A, Boussioutas A. Premalignant lesions and gastric cancer: Current understanding. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:665-678. [PMID: 31558972 PMCID: PMC6755108 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i9.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades there has been a broad paradigm shift in our understanding of gastric cancer (GC) and its premalignant states from gross histological models to increasingly precise molecular descriptions. In this review we reflect upon the historic approaches to describing premalignant lesions and GC, highlight the current molecular landscape and how this could inform future risk assessment prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Koulis
- Upper Gastrointestinal Translational Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew Buckle
- Upper Gastrointestinal Translational Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Alex Boussioutas
- Upper Gastrointestinal Translational Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3050, Australia
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Yousefi B, Mohammadlou M, Abdollahi M, Salek Farrokhi A, Karbalaei M, Keikha M, Kokhaei P, Valizadeh S, Rezaiemanesh A, Arabkari V, Eslami M. Epigenetic changes in gastric cancer induction by
Helicobacter pylori. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21770-21784. [PMID: 31169314 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadlou
- Department of Immunology Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Immunology Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine Jiroft University of Medical Sciences Jiroft Iran
| | - Masoud Keikha
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Department of Immunology Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
- Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Centre Karolinska Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Saeid Valizadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Vahid Arabkari
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Majid Eslami
- Cancer Research Center Semnan University of Medical Sciences Semnan Iran
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Tsukanov VV, Smirnova OV, Kasparov EV, Sinyakov AA, Vasyutin AV, Tonkikh YL. Changes in the indices of prooxidant and antioxidant systems in blood plasma in men with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. TERAPEVT ARKH 2018; 90:24-27. [PMID: 30701768 DOI: 10.26442/terarkh201890224-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study changes in the indices of prooxidant and antioxidant systems in plasma in men with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 60 healthy men, 42 patients with atrophic gastritis and 50 men, nicardipine patients with gastric cancer stage II according to TNM. All patients underwent serological diagnosis of diffuse atrophic gastritis (definition of pepsinogens and gas- trin-17) and Helicobacter pylori infection. The diagnosis of "atrophic gastritis" was verified by morphological examination of biopsy speci- mens obtained during fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy. Diagnosis of gastric cancer was carried out in the Krasnoyarsk regional oncologic dispensary on the basis of a comprehensive instrumental and morphological examination. All patients spectrophotometric methods in plasma was determined the content of diene conjugates (DC), malonic dialdehyde (MDA), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. RESULTS The concentration of SOD, GST, GPO and catalase had no significant differences in patients with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer and prevailed in comparison with healthy persons. Patients with cancer of the stomach content in the blood plasma DK 2.7 times and MDA at 35.2 times higher than healthy individuals, indicating severe oxidative stress in patients with cancer. In patients with atrophic gastritis was ob- served similar but less pronounced pattern. CONCLUSION The results indicate the presence of oxidative stress in men with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Tsukanov
- Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science (FRC KSC SB RAS) separate division "Scientific Research Institute of medical problems of the North" (SRI MPN), Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - O V Smirnova
- Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science (FRC KSC SB RAS) separate division "Scientific Research Institute of medical problems of the North" (SRI MPN), Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - E V Kasparov
- Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science (FRC KSC SB RAS) separate division "Scientific Research Institute of medical problems of the North" (SRI MPN), Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A A Sinyakov
- Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science (FRC KSC SB RAS) separate division "Scientific Research Institute of medical problems of the North" (SRI MPN), Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A V Vasyutin
- Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science (FRC KSC SB RAS) separate division "Scientific Research Institute of medical problems of the North" (SRI MPN), Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yu L Tonkikh
- Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science (FRC KSC SB RAS) separate division "Scientific Research Institute of medical problems of the North" (SRI MPN), Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Correlation between global methylation level of peripheral blood leukocytes and serum C reactive protein level modified by MTHFR polymorphism: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:184. [PMID: 29439678 PMCID: PMC5812223 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory conditions are associated with higher tumor incidence through epigenetic and genetic alterations. Here, we focused on an association between an inflammation marker, C-reactive-protein (CRP), and global DNA methylation levels of peripheral blood leukocytes. METHODS The subjects were 384 healthy Japanese women enrolled as the control group of a case-control study for breast cancer conducted from 2001 to 2005. Global DNA methylation was quantified by Luminometric Methylation Assay (LUMA). RESULTS With adjustment for lifestyle-related factors, including folate intake, the global DNA methylation level of peripheral blood leukocytes was significantly but weakly increased by 0.43% per quartile category for CRP (P for trend = 0.010). Estimated methylation levels stratified by CRP quartile were 70.0%, 70.8%, 71.4%, and 71.3%, respectively. In addition, interaction between polymorphism of MTHFR (rs1801133, known as C677T) and CRP was significant (P for interaction = 0.046); the global methylation level was significantly increased by 0.61% per quartile category for CRP in the CT/TT group (those with the minor allele T, P for trend = 0.001), whereas no association was observed in the CC group (wild type). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that CRP concentration is weakly associated with global DNA methylation level. However, this association was observed more clearly in individuals with the minor allele of the MTHFR missense SNP rs1801133. By elucidating the complex mechanism of the regulation of DNA methylation by both acquired and genetic factors, our results may be important for cancer prevention.
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The Human Stomach in Health and Disease: Infection Strategies by Helicobacter pylori. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 400:1-26. [PMID: 28124147 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50520-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial pathogen which commonly colonizes the human gastric mucosa from early childhood and persists throughout life. In the vast majority of cases, the infection is asymptomatic. H. pylori is the leading cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer, however, and these outcomes occur in 10-15% of those infected. Gastric adenocarcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer-associated death, and peptic ulcer disease is a significant cause of morbidity. Disease risk is related to the interplay of numerous bacterial host and environmental factors, many of which influence chronic inflammation and damage to the gastric mucosa. This chapter summarizes what is known about health and disease in H. pylori infection, and highlights the need for additional research in this area.
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Choi J, Kim SG, Kim BG, Koh SJ, Kim JW, Lee KL. Helicobacter pylori Eradication Modulates Aberrant CpG Island Hypermethylation in Gastric Carcinogenesis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2017; 68:253-259. [PMID: 27871161 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2016.68.5.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims Helicobacter pylori infection induces aberrant DNA methylation in gastric mucosa. We evaluated the long-term effect of H. pylori eradication on promotor CpG island hypermethylation in gastric carcinogenesis. Methods H. pylori-positive patients with gastric adenoma or early gastric cancer who underwent endoscopic resection were enrolled. According to H. pylori eradication after endoscopic resection, the participants were randomly assigned to H. pylori eradication or non-eradication group. H. pylori-negative gastric mucosa from normal participants provided the normal control. CpG island hypermethylation of tumor-related genes (p16, CDH1, and RUNX-3) was evaluated by quantitative MethyLight assay in non-tumorous gastric mucosa. The gene methylation rate and median values of hypermethylation were compared after one year by H. pylori status. Results In H. pylori-positive patients, hypermethylation of p16 was found in 80.6%, of CDH1 in 80.6%, and of RUNX-3 in 48.4%. This is significantly higher than normal control (p16, 10%; CDH1, 44%; RUNX-3, 16%) (p<0.05). In the H. pylori eradication group, methylation rates of p16 and CDH1 decreased in 58.1% and 61.3% of the patients, and the median values of hypermethylation were significantly lower at one year compared with the non-eradication group. However, RUNX-3 hypermethylation did not differ significantly at one year after H. pylori eradication. The non-eradication group hypermethylation did not change after one year. Conclusions H. pylori infection was associated with promotor hypermethylation of genes in gastric carcinogenesis, and H. pylori eradication might reverse p16 and CDH1 hypermethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong Gwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Joon Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook Lae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Singh S, Jha HC. Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection with Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2017; 2017:3456264. [PMID: 28421114 PMCID: PMC5379099 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3456264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus whose primary infection causes mononucleosis, Burkett's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, autoimmune diseases, and gastric cancer (GC). The persistent infection causes malignancies in lymph and epithelial cells. Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis in human with chronic inflammation. This chronic inflammation is thought to be the cause of genomic instability. About 45%-word population have a probability of having both pathogens, namely, H. pylori and EBV. Approximately 180 per hundred thousand population is developing GC along with many gastric abnormalities. This makes GC the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although lots of research are carried out individually for EBV and H. pylori, still there are very few reports available on coinfection of both pathogens. Recent studies suggested that EBV and H. pylori coinfection increases the occurrence of GC as well as the early age of GC detection comparing to individual infection. The aim of this review is to present status on coinfection of both pathogens and their association with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Singh
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
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14
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Guo J, Yu W, Su H, Pang X. Genomic landscape of gastric cancer: molecular classification and potential targets. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 60:126-137. [PMID: 27460193 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer imposes a considerable health burden worldwide, and its mortality ranks as the second highest for all types of cancers. The limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric cancer tumorigenesis hinders the development of therapeutic strategies. However, ongoing collaborative sequencing efforts facilitate molecular classification and unveil the genomic landscape of gastric cancer. Several new drivers and tumorigenic pathways in gastric cancer, including chromatin remodeling genes, RhoA-related pathways, TP53 dysregulation, activation of receptor tyrosine kinases, stem cell pathways and abnormal DNA methylation, have been revealed. These newly identified genomic alterations await translation into clinical diagnosis and targeted therapies. Considering that loss-of-function mutations are intractable, synthetic lethality could be employed when discussing feasible therapeutic strategies. Although many challenges remain to be tackled, we are optimistic regarding improvements in the prognosis and treatment of gastric cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hui Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiufeng Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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15
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Jia ZF, Zhang SL, Cao XY, Zhou BS, Jiang J. Interaction between Helicobacter pylori and host genetic variants in gastric carcinogenesis. Future Oncol 2016; 12:2127-34. [PMID: 27324311 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the definite carcinogen of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection induces chronic inflammation, causes DNA damage and aberrant methylation of genes and these pathways are involved in H. pylori-related gastric carcinogenesis. Polymorphisms of the genes involved in these pathways could alter susceptibility to gastric cancer. In this mini review, we focused on the role of polymorphisms in these genes on the susceptibility to gastric cancer, with a particular emphasis on their possible interactions with H. pylori infection. We found that many studies on this theme did not simultaneously report H. pylori infection and the interactions remained inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fang Jia
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110112, China
| | - Song-Ling Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bao-Sen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110112, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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16
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Valenzuela MA, Canales J, Corvalán AH, Quest AFG. Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and epigenetic changes during gastric carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12742-12756. [PMID: 26668499 PMCID: PMC4671030 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i45.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequence of events associated with the development of gastric cancer has been described as “the gastric precancerous cascade”. This cascade is a dynamic process that includes lesions, such as atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. According to this model, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection targets the normal gastric mucosa causing non-atrophic gastritis, an initiating lesion that can be cured by clearing H. pylori with antibiotics or that may then linger in the case of chronic infection and progress to atrophic gastritis. The presence of virulence factors in the infecting H. pylori drives the carcinogenesis process. Independent epidemiological and animal studies have confirmed the sequential progression of these precancerous lesions. Particularly long-term follow-up studies estimated a risk of 0.1% for atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia and 6% in case of dysplasia for the long-term development of gastric cancer. With this in mind, a better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic changes associated with progression of the cascade is critical in determining the risk of gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infection. In this review, we will summarize some of the most relevant mechanisms and focus predominantly but not exclusively on the discussion of gene promoter methylation and miRNAs in this context.
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17
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White JR, Winter JA, Robinson K. Differential inflammatory response to Helicobacter pylori infection: etiology and clinical outcomes. J Inflamm Res 2015; 8:137-47. [PMID: 26316793 PMCID: PMC4540215 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s64888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori commonly colonizes the human gastric mucosa during early childhood and persists throughout life. The organism has evolved multiple mechanisms for evading clearance by the immune system and, despite inducing inflammation in the stomach, the majority of infections are asymptomatic. H. pylori is the leading cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. However, disease outcomes are related to the pattern and severity of chronic inflammation in the gastric mucosa, which in turn is influenced by both bacterial and host factors. Despite over 2 decades of intensive research, there remains an incomplete understanding of the circumstances leading to disease development, due to the fascinating complexity of the host-pathogen interactions. There is accumulating data concerning the virulence factors associated with increased risk of disease, and the majority of these have pro-inflammatory activities. Despite this, only a small proportion of those infected with virulent strains develop disease. Several H. pylori virulence factors have multiple effects on different cell types, including the induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory, immune stimulatory, and immune modulatory responses. The expression of multiple virulence factors is also often linked, making it difficult to assess the meaning of their effects in isolation. Overall, H. pylori is thought to usually modulate inflammation and limit acute damage to the mucosa, enabling the bacteria to persist. If this delicate balance is disturbed, disease may then develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Richard White
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jody Anne Winter
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Karen Robinson
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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