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Pak SW, Lee SJ, Kim WI, Yang YG, Cho YK, Kim JS, Kim TW, Ko JW, Kim JC, Kim SH, Shin IS. The effects of Pycnogenol, a pine bark extract on pulmonary inflammation by Asian sand dust in mice. VET MED-CZECH 2024; 69:8-17. [PMID: 38465002 PMCID: PMC10919100 DOI: 10.17221/77/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Asian sand dust (ASD), also called China dust or yellow dust, mainly occurs in East Asia during spring and autumn. Because ASD enters the body mainly through the respiratory system, it can cause respiratory disorders or worsen underlying diseases. Because of this, it has become an important health concern that threatens the well-being of humans and animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of 15 and 30 mg/kg of Pycnogenol (PYC15 and 30 groups), a pine bark extract, on ASD-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice. We evaluated the inflammatory cell counts, inflammatory cytokines, and matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in animal models. PYC administration significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration into lung tissue; this was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of proinflammatory mediators including interleukin (IL)-1β (P < 0.01), IL-6 (P < 0.01) and tumour necrosis factor-α (P < 0.01) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of ASD-exposed mice (ASD group). Histological analysis revealed that PYC suppressed ASD-induced pulmonary inflammation. Moreover, PYC suppressed the levels of matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in the lung tissue of ASD-exposed mice, indicating that PYC reduced ASD-induced pulmonary inflammation by suppressing MMP-9. Together, these results indicate that PYC as the potential to treat ASD-driven pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Won Pak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea-Gin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Cho
- College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- BK21 FOUR Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- BK21 FOUR Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Won DH, Hwang DB, Shin YS, Kim SY, Kim C, Hong IS, Kang BC, Che JH, Yun JW. Cellular signaling crosstalk between Wnt signaling and gap junctions inbenzo[a]pyrene toxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 39:165-182. [PMID: 34283317 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is considered a key biological mechanism to maintain homeostasis in cell differentiation and growth. In addition, as another major signaling pathway associated with cell proliferation and differentiation, Wnt/β-catenin signaling appears to trigger several cellular responses against injury. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a known toxic agent, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), on the regulation and interaction between GJIC and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. BaP treatment resulted in GJIC inhibition and decreases the major GJIC protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells. We also found BaP-mediated downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling related to the PI3K-Akt pathway. To identify the relationship between GJIC and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, we treated WB-F344 cells with the Wnt agonist CHIR99021 and found that it inhibited GJIC while causing a significant reduction in Cx43 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, through the repression of promoter activity. This Wnt agonist-mediated GJIC inhibition was confirmed using a small interfering RNA directed against the Wnt antagonist Dact2, indicating that Wnt/β-catenin signaling negatively regulates GJIC. Despite the inverse correlation between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Cx43 promoter activation as indicated by downregulation of β-catenin nuclear translocation and upregulation of Cx43 promoter activation involving HNF3β, BaP treatment decreased the Cx43 protein expression, which was associated with protein degradation, possibly through protein kinase C activation. In conclusion, our results revealed the mechanism of BaP-induced inhibition of GJIC and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. More importantly, linking Wnt/β-catenin signaling to Cx protein expression will have profound implications in understanding the relationships among different major signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation and differentiation in toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Won
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Da-Bin Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Sub Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Changuk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Che
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea. .,Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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An Overview on the Conservative Management of Endometriosis from a Naturopathic Perspective: Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030587. [PMID: 33804660 PMCID: PMC8003677 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic and debilitating disease, which affects millions of young women worldwide. Although medicine has incontestably evolved in the last years, there is no common ground regarding the early and accurate diagnosis of this condition, its pathogenic mechanisms, and curative treatment. Even though the spontaneous resolution of endometriosis is sometimes possible, recent reports suggested that it can be a progressive condition. It can associate chronic pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, infertility, or malignant degenerescence. Conventional treatments could produce many side effects, and despite treatment, the symptoms may reappear. In recent years, experimental evidence suggested that plant-based medicine could exert beneficial effects on endometriosis and endometriosis-related symptoms. This study aims to highlight the pharmaceutical activity of phytochemicals and medicinal plants against endometriosis and to provide a source of information regarding the alternative treatment of this condition. Methods: For this review, we performed a research using PubMed, GoogleScholar, and CrossRef databases. We selected the articles published between January 2000 and July 2020, written in English. Results: We found 17 medicinal plants and 13 phytochemicals, which have demonstrated their beneficial effects against endometriosis. Several of their biological activities consist of antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory effects, and oxidative-stress reduction. Conclusion: Medicinal herbs and their bioactive compounds exhibit antiangiogenic, antioxidant, sedative and pain-alleviating properties and the effects recorded until now encourage their use for the conservative management of endometriosis.
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Thaichinda S, Tancharoen S, Kanekura T, Higashi Y, Dararat P, Kikuchi K, Nararatwanchai T. Pinus maritima Extract Induces Apoptosis in Human Malignant Melanoma Cells via ROS/Caspase-3 Signaling. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20926889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer due to its rapid metastasis with a high recurrence rate following conventional therapy. Pine bark extract (PBE) from Pinus maritima contains numerous phenolic compounds and functions as a potent antioxidant. The present study aimed to analyze the potential anticancer properties of PBE on human malignant melanoma A375 cells. The chemical composition of PBE was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array detector. The effects of PBE on cell death, migration, and invasion were determined using xCELLigence Technology real-time cell analysis. Annexin/propidium iodide flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining were conducted to detect cell apoptosis. PBE induced apoptosis and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Cleaved caspase-3 expression and activity were significantly increased ( P < 0.01) in cells treated with PBE compared with control cells. PBE ameliorated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Treatment of the cells with PBE in the presence of H2O2 led to significant ( P < 0.001) reduction of matrix metallopeptidase-9, which is a mediator responsible for advanced melanoma. PBE induces A375 programmed cell death and suppresses cellular invasion by attenuating the ROS-dependent pathway associated with MMP-9 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Thaichinda
- Department of Anti-aging Medicine, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Salunya Tancharoen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Rajthevee, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Medical and Dental Science, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Higashi
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Medical and Dental Science, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Pornpen Dararat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Rajthevee, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Thamthiwat Nararatwanchai
- Department of Anti-aging Medicine, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Becit M, Aydin S. An In Vitro Study on the Interactions of Pycnogenol ® with Cisplatin in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 17:1-6. [PMID: 32454754 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.97759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives In the treatment of cancer, it is intended to increase the anticancer effect and decrease cytotoxicity using various plant-derived phenolic compounds with chemotherapeutic drugs. Pycnogenol® (PYC), a phenolic compound, has been the subject of many studies. Since the mechanisms of the interactions of PYC with cisplatin need to be clarified, we aimed to determine the effects of PYC on cisplatin cytotoxicity in human cervix cancer cells (HeLa) and to evaluate the genotoxicity of PYC. Materials and Methods The cytotoxicity of cisplatin and PYC was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in HeLa cells for 24 h and 48 h. The effect of PYC against oxidative DNA damage was evaluated using the comet assay. Results The IC50 values of cisplatin were 22.4 μM and 12.3 μM for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The IC50 values of PYC were 261 μM and 213 μM for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. For 24 h exposure, PYC significantly reduced the IC50 value of cisplatin at the selected concentrations (15.6-500 μM). For 48 h exposure, PYC did not change the cytotoxicity of cisplatin at concentrations between 15.6 and 125 μM, but significantly reduced it at concentrations of 250 μM and 500 μM. PYC alone did not induce DNA damage at concentrations of 10 μM or 25 μM; however, it significantly induced DNA damage at higher concentrations (50-100 μM). It also significantly reduced H2O2-induced DNA damage at all concentrations studied (10-100 μM). Conclusion Our results suggest that PYC may increase the cisplatin cytotoxicity in HeLa cells at nongenotoxic doses. The results might contribute to the anticancer effect of cisplatin with PYC in cervical carcinoma, but in order to confirm this result further in vitro studies with cancer cell lines and in vivo studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Becit
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Aydin
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
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Yang H, Chowdhury VS, Han G, Zhang R, Furuse M. Flavangenol regulates gene expression of HSPs, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative factors to protect primary chick brain cells exposed to high temperature. J Therm Biol 2019; 81:1-11. [PMID: 30975405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Heat-stress exposure increased the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and anti-oxidative enzymes to maintain normal cellular function by attenuating the oxidative reaction and apoptosis. Reducing the stress response or enhancing anti-stress capability is an important goal in animal production. Our previous study indicated a protective role of flavangenol, a pine bark extract, in chicks after three hours of high-temperature exposure. However, the cellular mechanism of flavangenol was not clarified ex vivo. In the current study, we investigated the effect of flavangenol on cellular apoptosis and oxidation in heat-stressed treated chick brain cells (mixed neurons and glia cells). The primary brain cells were isolated from the diencephalon of 14-day-old chicks and cultured at 41.5 °C (to mimic the body temperature of young chicks), and were treated with flavangenol from day 3 of isolation to day 8. Cells were kept bathed in the cell culture dish under a high temperature (HT: 45 °C, 20 or 60 min) on day 8 and were then collected for analysis of cell viability as well as for HSP and other related gene expression. Flavangenol treatment significantly increased cell viability and BCL-2 mRNA expression, and attenuated HSP-70 and BCL-2-associated X protein mRNA expression. Moreover, flavangenol treatment elevated the mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase in the HT group, which indicates that cellular anti-oxidative ability was strengthened by flavangenol. In conclusion, flavangenol may play a protective role in cells damaged or killed by heat stress by increasing cellular anti-oxidative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Arts and Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Guofeng Han
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rong Zhang
- Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Arts and Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Bina F, Soleymani S, Toliat T, Hajimahmoodi M, Tabarrai M, Abdollahi M, Rahimi R. Plant-derived medicines for treatment of endometriosis: A comprehensive review of molecular mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:76-90. [PMID: 30412733 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease with inflammatory lesions at extra-uterine sites, causing pelvic pain and fertility reduction. Conventional therapies primarily focus on reducing systemic levels of estrogens; however, they do not have desirable effectiveness and possess considerable side effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of endometriosis. In this paper, electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library and Google Scholar were searched to obtain any studies evaluating any herbal products in the management of endometriosis. Data were collected from 1980 to 2018. Most of studies investigating the effect of herbal medicines in endometriosis were in vitro and animal and only three clinical trials were found; one on Pinus pinaster bark extract (Pycnogenol) and two on Chinese herbal formulas. The studies on phytochemicals had mostly focused on polyphenolic compounds (epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein) and sesquiterpenes (β-caryophyllene, parthenolide). Various molecular mechanisms of action have been involved in beneficial effects of herbal medicines and phytochemicals including anti-inflammatory (via reduction of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin -1, interleukin -6, interleukin -8, transforming growth factor-beta, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-kappa B, growth factors, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), antioxidant (through downregulation of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and upregulation of superoxide dismutase), anti-proliferative and apoptotic (via enhancing Bcl-2-associated X protein/ B-cell lymphoma-2 and caspase3, 8 and 9 activity), anti-angiogenic (by downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors/ vascular endothelial growth factor), anti-invasive (via decreasing expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and matrix metalloproteinases), immunomodulatory, and estrogen modulating activities. So, medicinal plants seem to be a valuable source for identifying new drugs for treatment of endometriosis; however, since most of studies are preclinical, further clinical trials are required to achieve more conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bina
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Soleymani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Toliat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mannan Hajimahmoodi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Tabarrai
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Evidence-based Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Viskupicova J, Zizkova P, Rackova L, Horakova L. Pycnogenol Cytotoxicity in Pancreatic INS-1E β cells Induced by Calcium Dysregulation. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1702-1707. [PMID: 28833790 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Natural standardized flavonoid extract from the bark of Pinus pinaster, Pycnogenol (Pyc), was recently found to decrease intensively the activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase of rabbit skeletal muscle (SERCA1). On the basis of this inhibitory effect in a cell-free system and similarities of SERCA1 to its other isoforms, proapoptotic properties of Pyc may be expected in cellular systems. Pycnogenol (40-100 μg/mL) induced a concentration-dependent decrease of the viability of pancreatic INS-1E β cells associated with induction of apoptosis. In addition, intracellular Ca2+ level increase was found along with reduction of protein expression level of SERCA2b and impairment of insulin secretion by β cells. These facts indicate that Pyc may induce apoptosis by impairment of calcium homeostasis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Viskupicova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Petronela Zizkova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Rackova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Horakova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Yang IH, Shin JA, Kim LH, Kwon KH, Cho SD. The caspase 3-dependent apoptotic effect of pycnogenol in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-3 cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 58:40-7. [PMID: 26798196 PMCID: PMC4705010 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the apoptotic effect of pycnogenol and its molecular mechanism in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-3 cells were investigated. Pycnogenol significantly inhibited the viability of HSC-3 cells and suppressed neoplastic cell transformation in HSC-3 cells and TPA-treated JB6 cells. It caused caspase-dependent apoptosis evidenced by the increase in cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase 3 in a dose-dependent manner. Pycnogenol increased Bak protein by enhancing its protein stability whereas other Bcl-2 family members were not altered. In addition, the treatment with pycnogenol led to the production of reactive oxygen species and N-acetyl-l-cysteine almost blocked pycnogenol-induced reactive oxygen species generation. Taken together, these findings suggest that pycnogenol may be a potential candidate for the chemoprevention or chemotherapy of human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hyoung Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Lee-Han Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Ki Han Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health, Welfare and Education, Gwangju University, Gwangju 503-703, Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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