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Madkour MM, Ramadan WS, Saleh E, El-Awady R. Epigenetic modulations in cancer: predictive biomarkers and potential targets for overcoming the resistance to topoisomerase I inhibitors. Ann Med 2023; 55:2203946. [PMID: 37092854 PMCID: PMC10128461 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2203946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Altered epigenetic map is frequently observed in cancer and recent investigations have demonstrated a pertinent role of epigenetic modifications in the response to many anticancer drugs including the DNA damaging agents. Topoisomerase I (Top I) is a well-known nuclear enzyme that is critical for DNA function and cell survival and its inhibition causes DNA strand breaks and cell cycle arrest. Inhibitors of human Top I have proven to be a prosperous chemotherapeutic treatment for a vast number of cancer patients. While the treatment is efficacious in many cases, resistance and altered cellular response remain major therapeutic issues. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the evidence available till date on the influence of different epigenetic modifications on the response to Top I inhibitors as well as the implications of targeting epigenetic alterations for improving the efficacy and safety of Top I inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION The field of epigenetic research is steadily growing. With its assistance, we could gain better understanding on how drug response and resistance work. Epigenetics can evolve as possible biomarkers and predictors of response to many medications including Top I inhibitors, and could have significant clinical implications that necessitate deeper attention.HIGHLIGHTSEpigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, play a pertinent role in the response to several anticancer treatments, including DNA damaging agents like Top I inhibitors.Although camptothecin derivatives are used clinically as Top I inhibitors for management of cancer, certain types of cancer have inherent and or acquired resistance that limit the curative potential of them.Epigenetic modifications like DNA hypomethylation can either increase or decrease sensitivity to Top I inhibitors by different mechanisms.The combination of Top I inhibitors with the inhibitors of histone modifying enzymes can result in enhanced cytotoxic effects and sensitization of resistant cells to Top I inhibitors.MicroRNAs were found to directly influence the expression of Top I and other proteins in cancer cells resulting in positive or negative alteration of the response to Top I inhibitors.lncRNAs and their genetic polymorphisms have been found to be associated with Top I function and the response to its inhibitors.Clinical trials of epigenetic drugs in combination with Top I inhibitors are plentiful and some of them showed potentially promising outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa M Madkour
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wafaa S Ramadan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ekram Saleh
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Ahmed S, Mahony CB, Torres A, Murillo-Saich J, Kemble S, Cedeno M, John P, Bhatti A, Croft AP, Guma M. Dual inhibition of glycolysis and glutaminolysis for synergistic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:176. [PMID: 37730663 PMCID: PMC10510293 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RAFLS) exhibit a pathological aberration of glycolysis and glutaminolysis. Henceforth, we aimed to investigate if dual inhibition of these pathways by phytobiological compound c28MS has the potential of synergistic therapy for arthritis by targeting both glucose and glutamine metabolism. METHODS The presence of HK2 and GLS across various cell types and associated gene expression in human synovial cells and a murine model of arthritis was evaluated by scRNA-seq. The metabolic profiling of RAFLS cells was done using H1-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy under glycolytic and glutaminolytic inhibitory conditions by incubating with 3-bromopyruvate, CB839, or dual inhibitor c28MS. FLS functional analysis was conducted under similar conditions. ELISA was employed for the quantification of IL-6, CCL2, and MMP3. K/BxN sera was administered to mice to induce arthritis for in vivo arthritis experiments. RESULTS scRNA-seq analysis revealed that many fibroblasts expressed Hk2 along with Gls with several genes including Ptgs2, Hif1a, Timp1, Cxcl5, and Plod2 only associated with double-positive fibroblasts, suggesting that dual inhibition can be an attractive target for fibroblasts. Metabolomic and functional analysis revealed that c28MS decreased the aggressive behavior of RAFLS by targeting both upregulated glycolysis and glutaminolysis. c28MS administered in vivo significantly decreased the severity of arthritis in the K/BxN model. CONCLUSION Our findings imply that dual inhibition of glycolysis and glutaminolysis could be an effective approach for the treatment of RA. It also suggests that targeting more than one metabolic pathway can be a novel treatment approach in non-cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzay Ahmed
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher B Mahony
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alyssa Torres
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Murillo-Saich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Kemble
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martha Cedeno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter John
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Attya Bhatti
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Adam P Croft
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Monica Guma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Kim HM, Zheng X, Lee E. Experimental Insights into the Interplay between Histone Modifiers and p53 in Regulating Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11032. [PMID: 37446210 PMCID: PMC10342072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure plays a fundamental role in regulating gene expression, with histone modifiers shaping the structure of chromatin by adding or removing chemical changes to histone proteins. The p53 transcription factor controls gene expression, binds target genes, and regulates their activity. While p53 has been extensively studied in cancer research, specifically in relation to fundamental cellular processes, including gene transcription, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression, its association with histone modifiers has received limited attention. This review explores the interplay between histone modifiers and p53 in regulating gene expression. We discuss how histone modifications can influence how p53 binds to target genes and how this interplay can be disrupted in cancer cells. This review provides insights into the complex mechanisms underlying gene regulation and their implications for potential cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Min Kim
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, China
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Roy R, Ria T, RoyMahaPatra D, Sk UH. Single Inhibitors versus Dual Inhibitors: Role of HDAC in Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16532-16544. [PMID: 37214715 PMCID: PMC10193415 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the multimodal character of cancer, inhibition of two targets simultaneously by a single molecule is a beneficial and effective approach against cancer. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) was widely investigated as a novel category of anticancer drug targets due to its crucial role in various biological processes like cell-proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. Numerous HDAC inhibitors such as vorinostat and panobinostat are clinically approved but have limited usage due to their low efficacy, nonselectivity, drug resistance, and toxicity. Therefore, HDACs with a dual targeting ability have attracted great attention. The strategy of combining a HDAC inhibitor with other antitumor agents has been proved advantageous for combating the nonselectivity and drug resistivity problems associated with single-target drugs. Henceforth, we have highlighted dual-targeting inhibitors to target HDAC along with topoisomerase, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and the zeste homolog 2 enzyme. Our Review mainly focuses on the impact of the substituent effect along with the linker variation of well-known HDAC-inhibitor-conjugated anticancer drugs.
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Kashyap K, Kakkar R. In silico study of the synergistic anti-tumor effect of hybrid topoisomerase-HDAC inhibitors. PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Combination therapies that include treatment of cancerous cells with histone deacetylase (HDACs) inhibitors prior to treatment with topoisomerase inhibitors have shown synergistic anti-tumor effects. The promising results of such combination therapies have led to the development of a novel class of multitarget hybrid inhibitors that are designed by merging the scaffolds of topoisomerase and HDAC inhibitors, which consequently inhibit both classes of cancer-inducing targets simultaneously. These multitarget hybrids also have pharmacokinetic advantages over the traditional combinatorial approach, which struggles with disadvantages like maintaining optimum concentrations of multiple toxic drugs, which in turn leads to enhanced toxicity and other side-effects associated with the multiple drugs administered. Binding modes of some Top-HDAC hybrids have been predicted with the help of molecular docking in order to understand the binding of such hybrids with their target receptors and to identify the structural determinants responsible for their synergistic anti-tumor effect. Extra precision docking of Top1-HDAC and Top2-HDAC hybrid inhibitors has been carried out with Top1-DNA, Top2-DNA, HDAC1 and HDAC6 receptor structures. A detailed analysis of the molecular interactions of the hybrids with the target receptor binding sites has been undertaken and their predicted binding modes have been compared with the crystal binding modes of their component drugs. An explanation for the apparent selectivity of the hybrids towards HDAC6 has also been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kashyap
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , New Delhi , 110007 , Delhi , India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , New Delhi , 110007 , Delhi , India
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King DA, Rahalkar S, Bingham DB, Fisher GA. Pancreatic INI1-deficient undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma achieves complete clinical response on gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel following immediate progression on FOLFIRINOX: a case report. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:874-879. [PMID: 34012674 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION INI1-deficient undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma is a rare pancreatic carcinoma for which the optimal treatment is unknown. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the most common histology of pancreas cancer, is treated with combination chemotherapy in the advanced setting, a strategy supported by strong evidence in well powered studies. In patients with excellent performance status, first-line treatment usually consists of the three-drug regimen FOLFIRINOX, with the combination of gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel, typically less toxic than the three-drug regimen, reserved for second-line therapy. Given the lack of published reports describing treatment outcomes for patients with rare forms of pancreatic cancer, the same treatment approach used for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is typically employed. OBSERVATION This case describes a patient with metastatic pancreatic INI1-deficient undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma who was primarily resistant to FOLFIRINOX therapy but who then achieved an immediate, marked and sustained response to gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel. CONCLUSION Given the lack of data informing on optimal management of INI1-deficient pancreatic undifferentiated rhabdoid carcinoma, and the exceptional response achieved by gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel, this case report highlights a surprising and potentially informative anecdote. Additional studies are needed to confirm responses observed in this report which when taken together may strongly influence first-line therapy choice for this rare malignancy. Given the difficult in acquiring sufficient numbers of these rare histologies in any one institution, multi-institution collaboration in studying outcomes of rare pancreatic malignancies is likely essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A King
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Smruti Rahalkar
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David B Bingham
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - George A Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Jenke R, Reßing N, Hansen FK, Aigner A, Büch T. Anticancer Therapy with HDAC Inhibitors: Mechanism-Based Combination Strategies and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040634. [PMID: 33562653 PMCID: PMC7915831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing knowledge of molecular drivers of tumorigenesis has fueled targeted cancer therapies based on specific inhibitors. Beyond "classic" oncogene inhibitors, epigenetic therapy is an emerging field. Epigenetic alterations can occur at any time during cancer progression, altering the structure of the chromatin, the accessibility for transcription factors and thus the transcription of genes. They rely on post-translational histone modifications, particularly the acetylation of histone lysine residues, and are determined by the inverse action of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Importantly, HDACs are often aberrantly overexpressed, predominantly leading to the transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor genes. Thus, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are powerful drugs, with some already approved for certain hematological cancers. Albeit HDACis show activity in solid tumors as well, further refinement and the development of novel drugs are needed. This review describes the capability of HDACis to influence various pathways and, based on this knowledge, gives a comprehensive overview of various preclinical and clinical studies on solid tumors. A particular focus is placed on strategies for achieving higher efficacy by combination therapies, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-EGFR inhibitors and hormone- or immunotherapy. This also includes new bifunctional inhibitors as well as novel approaches for HDAC degradation via PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jenke
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Hospital Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (A.A.); Tel.: +49-(0)341-97-24661 (A.A.)
| | - Nina Reßing
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Rheinische Fried-rich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (N.R.); (F.K.H.)
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Rheinische Fried-rich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (N.R.); (F.K.H.)
| | - Achim Aigner
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (A.A.); Tel.: +49-(0)341-97-24661 (A.A.)
| | - Thomas Büch
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
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Ling Y, Liu J, Qian J, Meng C, Guo J, Gao W, Xiong B, Ling C, Zhang Y. Recent Advances in Multi-target Drugs Targeting Protein Kinases and Histone Deacetylases in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:7264-7288. [PMID: 31894740 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200102115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein Kinase Inhibitors (PKIs) and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACIs) are two important classes of anticancer agents and have provided a variety of small molecule drugs for the treatment of various types of human cancers. However, malignant tumors are of a multifactorial nature that can hardly be "cured" by targeting a single target, and treatment of cancers hence requires modulation of multiple biological targets to restore the physiological balance and generate sufficient therapeutic efficacy. Multi-target drugs have attracted great interest because of their advantages in the treatment of complex cancers by simultaneously targeting multiple signaling pathways and possibly leading to synergistic effects. Synergistic effects have been observed in the combination of kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib, dasatinib, or sorafenib, with an array of HDACIs including vorinostat, romidepsin, or panobinostat. A considerable number of multi-target agents based on PKIs and HDACIs have been developed. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the development of multi-target kinase-HDAC inhibitors and provide our view on the challenges and future directions on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ji Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Chi Meng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weijie Gao
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Biao Xiong
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Changchun Ling
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Kumar M, Joshi G, Chatterjee J, Kumar R. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and its Trafficking Regulation by Acetylation: Implication in Resistance and Exploring the Newer Therapeutic Avenues in Cancer. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1105-1123. [PMID: 32031073 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200207100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EGFR is overexpressed in numerous cancers. So, it becomes one of the most favorable drug targets. Single-acting EGFR inhibitors on prolong use induce resistance and side effects. Inhibition of EGFR and/or its interacting proteins by dual/combined/multitargeted therapies can deliver more efficacious drugs with less or no resistance. OBJECTIVE The review delves deeper to cover the aspects of EGFR mediated endocytosis, leading to its trafficking, internalization, and crosstalk(s) with HDACs. METHODS AND RESULTS This review is put forth to congregate relevant literature evidenced on EGFR, its impact on cancer prognosis, inhibitors, and its trafficking regulation by acetylation along with the current strategies involved in targeting these proteins (EGFR and HDACs) successfully by involving dual/hybrid/combination chemotherapy. CONCLUSION The current information on cross-talk of EGFR and HDACs would likely assist researchers in designing and developing dual or multitargeted inhibitors through combining the required pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvendra Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Joydeep Chatterjee
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
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Molinaro C, Martoriati A, Pelinski L, Cailliau K. Copper Complexes as Anticancer Agents Targeting Topoisomerases I and II. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2863. [PMID: 33027952 PMCID: PMC7601307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organometallics, such as copper compounds, are cancer chemotherapeutics used alone or in combination with other drugs. One small group of copper complexes exerts an effective inhibitory action on topoisomerases, which participate in the regulation of DNA topology. Copper complexes inhibitors of topoisomerases 1 and 2 work by different molecular mechanisms, analyzed herein. They allow genesis of DNA breaks after the formation of a ternary complex, or act in a catalytic mode, often display DNA intercalative properties and ROS production, and sometimes display dual effects. These amplified actions have repercussions on the cell cycle checkpoints and death effectors. Copper complexes of topoisomerase inhibitors are analyzed in a broader synthetic view and in the context of cancer cell mutations. Finally, new emerging treatment aspects are depicted to encourage the expansion of this family of highly active anticancer drugs and to expend their use in clinical trials and future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Molinaro
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Alain Martoriati
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Lydie Pelinski
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Katia Cailliau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.M.); (A.M.)
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Dual inhibitors of histone deacetylases and other cancer-related targets: A pharmacological perspective. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114224. [PMID: 32956642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic enzymes histone deacetylases (HDACs) are clinically validated anticancer drug targets which have been studied intensively in the past few decades. Although several drugs have been approved in this field, they are still limited to a subset of hematological malignancies (in particular T-cell lymphomas), with therapeutic potential not fully realized and the drug-resistance occurred after a certain period of use. To maximize the therapeutic potential of these classes of anticancer drugs, and to extend their application to solid tumors, numerous combination therapies containing an HDACi and an anticancer agent from other mechanisms are currently ongoing in clinical trials. Recently, dual targeting strategy comprising the HDACs component has emerged as an alternative approach for combination therapies. In this perspective, we intend to gather all HDACs-containing dual inhibitors related to cancer therapy published in literature since 2015, classify them into five categories based on targets' biological functions, and discuss the rationale why dual acting agents should work better than combinatorial therapies using two separate drugs. The article discusses the pharmacological aspects of these dual inhibitors, including in vitro biological activities, pharmacokinetic studies, in vivo efficacy studies, as well as available clinical trials. The review of the current status and advances should provide better analysis for future opportunities and challenges of this field.
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Chen IC, Sethy B, Liou JP. Recent Update of HDAC Inhibitors in Lymphoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576391. [PMID: 33015069 PMCID: PMC7494784 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating epigenetic modification has been recognized for over a decade as an effective therapeutic approach to cancer and many studies of histone deacetylase (HDAC), one of the best known epigenetic modulators, have been published. HDAC modulates cell proliferation and angiogenesis and plays an essential role in cell growth. Research shows that up-regulated HDACs are present in many cancer types and synthetic or natural HDAC inhibitors have been used to silence overregulated HDACs. Inhibiting HDACs may cause arrest of cell proliferation, angiogenesis reduction and cell apoptosis. Recent studies indicate that HDAC inhibitors can provide a therapeutic effect in various cancers, such as B-cell lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma and some virus-associated cancers. Some evidence has demonstrated that HDAC inhibitors can increase the expression of immune-related molecules leading to accumulation of CD8 + T cells and causing unresponsive tumor cells to be recognized by the immune system, reducing tumor immunity. This may be a solution for the blockade of PD-1. Here, we review the emerging development of HDAC inhibitors in various cancer treatments and reduction of tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chung Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bidyadhar Sethy
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Skok Ž, Zidar N, Kikelj D, Ilaš J. Dual Inhibitors of Human DNA Topoisomerase II and Other Cancer-Related Targets. J Med Chem 2019; 63:884-904. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Skok
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nace Zidar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijel Kikelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ilaš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Crisci S, Di Francia R, Mele S, Vitale P, Ronga G, De Filippi R, Berretta M, Rossi P, Pinto A. Overview of Targeted Drugs for Mature B-Cell Non-hodgkin Lymphomas. Front Oncol 2019; 9:443. [PMID: 31214498 PMCID: PMC6558009 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The improved knowledge of pathogenetic mechanisms underlying lymphomagenesis and the discovery of the critical role of tumor microenvironments have enabled the design of new drugs against cell targets and pathways. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) for targeted therapy in hematology. This review focuses on the efficacy results of the currently available targeted agents and recaps the main ongoing trials in the setting of mature B-Cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The objective is to summarize the different classes of novel agents approved for mature B-cell lymphomas, to describe in synoptic tables the results they achieved and, finally, to draw future scenarios as we glimpse through the ongoing clinical trials. Characteristics and therapeutic efficacy are summarized for the currently approved mAbs [i.e., anti-Cluster of differentiation (CD) mAbs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and bispecific antibodies] as well as for SMIs i.e., inhibitors of B-cell receptor signaling, proteasome, mTOR BCL-2 HDAC pathways. The biological disease profiling of B-cell lymphoma subtypes may foster the discovery of innovative drug strategies for improving survival outcome in lymphoid neoplasms, as well as the trade-offs between efficacy and toxicity. The hope for clinical advantages should carefully be coupled with mindful awareness of the potential pitfalls and the occurrence of uneven, sometimes severe, toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crisci
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione “G. Pascale” IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Di Francia
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione “G. Pascale” IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Mele
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione “G. Pascale” IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vitale
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione “G. Pascale” IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ronga
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione “G. Pascale” IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria De Filippi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani,” University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione “G. Pascale” IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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15
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Chen J, Li D, Li W, Yin J, Zhang Y, Yuan Z, Gao C, Liu F, Jiang Y. Design, synthesis and anticancer evaluation of acridine hydroxamic acid derivatives as dual Topo and HDAC inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3958-3966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Hesham HM, Lasheen DS, Abouzid KA. Chimeric HDAC inhibitors: Comprehensive review on the HDAC-based strategies developed to combat cancer. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:2058-2109. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heba M. Hesham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Ain Shams University; Abbassia Cairo Egypt
| | - Deena S. Lasheen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Ain Shams University; Abbassia Cairo Egypt
| | - Khaled A.M. Abouzid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Ain Shams University; Abbassia Cairo Egypt
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17
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Jayashree S, Nirekshana K, Guha G, Bhakta-Guha D. Cancer chemotherapeutics in rheumatoid arthritis: A convoluted connection. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:894-911. [PMID: 29710545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most popular therapeutic strategies to treat cancer. However, cancer chemotherapeutics have often been associated with impairment of the immune system, which might consequently lead to an augmented risk of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Though the accurate mechanistic facets of rheumatoid arthritis induction have not been interpreted yet, a conglomeration of genetic and environmental factors might promote its etiology. What makes the scenario more challenging is that patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at a significantly elevated risk of developing various types of cancer. It is intriguing to note that diverse cancer chemotherapy drugs are also commonly used to treat symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. However, a colossal multitude of such cancer therapeutics has demonstrated highly varied results in rheumatoid arthritis patients, including both beneficial and adverse effects. Herein, we attempt to present a holistic account of the variegated modalities of this complex tripartite cross-talk between cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and chemotherapy drugs in order to decode the sinuous correlation between these two appalling pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jayashree
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Nirekshana
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunjan Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dipita Bhakta-Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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18
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Raghavendra NM, Pingili D, Kadasi S, Mettu A, Prasad SVUM. Dual or multi-targeting inhibitors: The next generation anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1277-1300. [PMID: 29126724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dual-targeting/Multi-targeting of oncoproteins by a single drug molecule represents an efficient, logical and alternative approach to drug combinations. An increasing interest in this approach is indicated by a steady upsurge in the number of articles on targeting dual/multi proteins published in the last 5 years. Combining different inhibitors that destiny specific single target is the standard treatment for cancer. A new generation of dual or multi-targeting drugs is emerging, where a single chemical entity can act on multiple molecular targets. Dual/Multi-targeting agents are beneficial for solving limited efficiencies, poor safety and resistant profiles of an individual target. Designing dual/multi-target inhibitors with predefined biological profiles present a challenge. The latest advances in bioinformatic tools and the availability of detailed structural information of target proteins have shown a way of discovering multi-targeting molecules. This neoteric artifice that amalgamates the molecular docking of small molecules with protein-based common pharmacophore to design multi-targeting inhibitors is gaining great importance in anticancer drug discovery. Current review focus on the discoveries of dual targeting agents in cancer therapy using rational, computational, proteomic, bioinformatics and polypharmacological approach that enables the discovery and rational design of effective and safe multi-target anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nulgumnalli Manjunathaiah Raghavendra
- Center for Technological Development in Health, National Institute of Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Divya Pingili
- Sri Venkateshwara College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India; Department of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, India
| | - Sundeep Kadasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Akhila Mettu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - S V U M Prasad
- Department of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, India
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19
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Kukowska M. Amino acid or peptide conjugates of acridine/acridone and quinoline/quinolone-containing drugs. A critical examination of their clinical effectiveness within a twenty-year timeframe in antitumor chemotherapy and treatment of infectious diseases. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:587-615. [PMID: 28842352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acridines/acridones, quinolines/quinolones (chromophores) and their derivatives constitute extremely important family of compounds in current medicine. Great significance of the compounds is connected with antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Combining these features together in one drug seems to be long-term benefit, especially in oncology therapy. The attractiveness of the chromophore drugs is still enhanced by elimination their toxicity and improvement not only selectivity, specificity but also bioavailability. The best results are reached by conjugation to natural peptides. This paper highlights significant advance in the study of amino acid or peptide chromophore conjugates that provide highly encouraging data for novel drug development. The structures and clinical significance of amino acid or peptide chromophore conjugates are widely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kukowska
- Chair & Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
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20
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Can NÖ, Çevik UA, Sağlık BN, Özkay Y, Atlı Ö, Baysal M, Özkay ÜD, Can ÖD. Pharmacological and Toxicological Screening of Novel Benzimidazole-Morpholine Derivatives as Dual-Acting Inhibitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081374. [PMID: 28825626 PMCID: PMC6152416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme inhibitory, and antimicrobial activities of a new series of 2-(4-substituted phenyl)-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazole derivatives, for their possible use as multi-action therapeutic agents. Target compounds (n = 15) were synthesized under microwave irradiation conditions in two steps, and their structures were elucidated by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and high resolution mass spectroscopic analyses. Pharmacological screening studies revealed that two of the compounds (2b and 2j) have inhibitory potential on both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. In addition, cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of the compounds 2b, 2j and 2m were investigated via the well-known MTT and Ames tests, which revealed that the mentioned compounds are non-cytotoxic and non-genotoxic. As a concise conclusion, two novel compounds were characterized as potential candidates for treatment of frequently encountered inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiz Öncü Can
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Ulviye Acar Çevik
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Atlı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Merve Baysal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Ümide Demir Özkay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Özgür Devrim Can
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
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