1
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Yu Z, Li P, Gao D, Hu Y, Xia F, Liu L, Liu J, Liu W, Zhang H. Inhibition of LSD1 via SP2509 attenuated the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Res 2024; 72:797-810. [PMID: 38722530 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, and cartilage and bone destruction. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), an enzyme involved in transcriptional regulation, has an unclear role in synovial inflammation, fibroblast-like synoviocytes migration, and invasion during RA pathogenesis. In this study, we observed increased LSD1 expression in RA synovial tissues and in TNF-α-stimulated MH7A cells. SP2509, an LSD1 antagonist, directly reduced LSD1 expression and reversed the elevated levels of proteins associated with inflammation, apoptosis, proliferation, and autophagy induced by TNF-α. Furthermore, SP2509 inhibited the migratory capacity of MH7A cells, which was enhanced by TNF-α. In CIA models, SP2509 treatment ameliorated RA development, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alleviating joint pathological symptoms. These findings underscore the significance of LSD1 in RA and propose the therapeutic potential of SP2509.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Department of Operating Room, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dagong Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalong Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qidong People's Hospital, Affiliated Qidong Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Yang FW, Mai TL, Lin YCJ, Chen YC, Kuo SC, Lin CM, Lee MH, Su JC. Multipathway regulation induced by 4-(phenylsulfonyl)morpholine derivatives against triple-negative breast cancer. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300435. [PMID: 38314850 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Phenotypic drug discovery (PDD) is an effective drug discovery approach by observation of therapeutic effects on disease phenotypes, especially in complex disease systems. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is composed of several complex disease features, including high tumor heterogeneity, high invasive and metastatic potential, and a lack of effective therapeutic targets. Therefore, identifying effective and novel agents through PDD is a current trend in TNBC drug development. In this study, 23 novel small molecules were synthesized using 4-(phenylsulfonyl)morpholine as a pharmacophore. Among these derivatives, GL24 (4m) exhibited the lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration value (0.90 µM) in MDA-MB-231 cells. To investigate the tumor-suppressive mechanisms of GL24, transcriptomic analyses were used to detect the perturbation for gene expression upon GL24 treatment. Followed by gene ontology (GO) analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, multiple ER stress-dependent tumor suppressive signals were identified, such as unfolded protein response (UPR), p53 pathway, G2/M checkpoint, and E2F targets. Most of the identified pathways triggered by GL24 eventually led to cell-cycle arrest and then to apoptosis. In summary, we developed a novel 4-(phenylsulfonyl)morpholine derivative GL24 with a strong potential for inhibiting TNBC cell growth through ER stress-dependent tumor suppressive signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Wei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Lun Mai
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Che Kuo
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Lin
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Su
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Zhang Z, Aoki H, Umezawa K, Kranrod J, Miyazaki N, Oshima T, Hirao T, Miura Y, Seubert J, Ito K, Aoki S. Potential role of lipophagy impairment for anticancer effects of glycolysis-suppressed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:166. [PMID: 38580661 PMCID: PMC10997792 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Although increased aerobic glycolysis is common in various cancers, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells can survive a state of glycolysis suppression. We aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets in glycolysis-suppressed PDAC cells. By screening anticancer metabolic compounds, we identified SP-2509, an inhibitor of lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (LSD1), which dramatically decreased the growth of PDAC PANC-1 cells and showed an anti-tumoral effect in tumor-bearing mice. The growth of glycolysis-suppressed PANC-1 cells was also inhibited by another LSD1 inhibitor, OG-L002. Similarly, the other two PDAC cells (PK-1 and KLM-1) with suppressed glycolysis exhibited anticancer effects against SP-2509. However, the anticancer effects on PDAC cells were unrelated to LSD1. To investigate how PDAC cells survive in a glycolysis-suppressed condition, we conducted proteomic analyses. These results combined with our previous findings suggested that glucose-starvation causes PDAC cells to enhance mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In particular, mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism was identified as a key factor contributing to the survival of PDAC cells under glycolysis suppression. We further demonstrated that SP-2509 and OG-L002 disturbed fatty acid metabolism and induced lipid droplet accumulation through the impairment of lipophagy, but not bulk autophagy. These findings indicate a significant potential association of lipophagy and anticancer effects in glycolysis-suppressed PDAC cells, offering ideas for new therapeutic strategies for PDAC by dual inhibition of glycolysis and fatty acids metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Haruna Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Keitaro Umezawa
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35‑2 Sakae‑cho, Itabashi‑ku, Tokyo, 173‑0015, Japan
| | - Joshua Kranrod
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 2026-M Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, 11361-97 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Natsumi Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Taichi Oshima
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirao
- Divisions of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Yuri Miura
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35‑2 Sakae‑cho, Itabashi‑ku, Tokyo, 173‑0015, Japan
| | - John Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 2026-M Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, 11361-97 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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4
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Xiong L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yu M, Huang L, Hou Y, Li G, Wang L, Li Y. Novel small molecule inhibitors targeting renal cell carcinoma: Status, challenges, future directions. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116158. [PMID: 38278080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal malignancy with a rapidly increasing morbidity and mortality rate gradually. RCC has a high mortality rate and an extremely poor prognosis. Despite numerous treatment strategies, RCC is resistant to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the limited clinical efficacy and inevitable resistance of multiple agents suggest an unmet clinical need. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel anti-RCC candidates. Nowadays many promising results have been achieved with the development of novel small molecule inhibitors against RCC. This paper reviews the recent research progress of novel small molecule inhibitors targeting RCC. It is focusing on the structural optimization process and conformational relationships of small molecule inhibitors, as well as the potential mechanisms and anticancer activities for the treatment of RCC. To provide a theoretical basis for promoting the clinical translation of novel small molecule inhibitors, we discussed their application prospects and future development directions. It could be capable of improving the clinical efficacy of RCC and improving the therapy resistance for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Liming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanpei Hou
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Guisen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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Chowdhury SG, Karmakar P. Revealing the role of epigenetic and post-translational modulations of autophagy proteins in the regulation of autophagy and cancer: a therapeutic approach. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:3. [PMID: 38063905 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08961-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process that is characterized by the destruction of redundant components and the removal of dysfunctional ones to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy dysregulation has been linked to various illnesses, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. The precise transcription of the genes involved in autophagy is regulated by a network of epigenetic factors. This includes histone modifications and histone-modifying enzymes. Epigenetics is a broad category of heritable, reversible changes in gene expression that do not include changes to DNA sequences, such as chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and DNA methylation. In addition to affecting the genes that are involved in autophagy, the epigenetic machinery can also alter the signals that control this process. In cancer, autophagy plays a dual role by preventing the development of tumors on one hand and this process may suppress tumor progression. This may be the control of an oncogene that prevents autophagy while, conversely, tumor suppression may promote it. The development of new therapeutic strategies for autophagy-related disorders could be initiated by gaining a deeper understanding of its intricate regulatory framework. There is evidence showing that certain machineries and regulators of autophagy are affected by post-translational and epigenetic modifications, which can lead to alterations in the levels of autophagy and these changes can then trigger disease or affect the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. The goal of this review is to identify the regulatory pathways associated with post-translational and epigenetic modifications of different proteins in autophagy which may be the therapeutic targets shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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6
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Benyoucef A, Haigh K, Cuddihy A, Haigh JJ. JAK/BCL2 inhibition acts synergistically with LSD1 inhibitors to selectively target ETP-ALL. Leukemia 2022; 36:2802-2816. [PMID: 36229595 PMCID: PMC9712096 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ETP-ALL (Early T cell Progenitor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia) represents a high-risk subtype of T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL). Therapeutically, ETP-ALL patients frequently relapse after conventional chemotherapy highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Using our ZEB2Tg ETP-ALL mouse model we previously documented the potential utility of the catalytic LSD1 inhibitor (GSK2879552) for treating mouse/human ETP-ALL. However, this approach proved to be inefficient, especially in killing human LOUCY cell ETP-ALL xenografts in vivo. Here we have revealed the novel involvement of ZEB2/LSD1 complexes in repressing the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by inhibiting the expression of several pro-apoptotic proteins such as BIM (BCL2L11) as a major driver for ETP-ALL survival. Treatment with LSD1i (particularly with the steric inhibitor SP2509) restored the expression of ZEB2/LSD1 pro-apoptotic BIM (BCL2L11) target. In combination with a JAK/STAT pathway inhibitor (JAKi, Ruxolitinib) or with a direct inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 protein (BCL2i, ABT-199) resistance of human and mouse ETP-ALL to LSD1i was reversed. This new combination approach efficiently inhibited the growth of human and mouse ETP-ALL cells in vivo by enhancing their differentiation and triggering an apoptotic response. These results set the stage for novel combination therapies to be used in clinical trials to treat ETP-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aissa Benyoucef
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faulty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Katharina Haigh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faulty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew Cuddihy
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faulty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Feng C, Gong L, Wang J. Arborinine from <em>Glycosmis parva</em> leaf extract inhibits clear-cell renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting KDM1A/UBE2O signaling. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8714. [PMID: 36185617 PMCID: PMC9487452 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arborinine is a natural product isolated from Globigerina parva (G. parva) leaf extract that shows strong anticancer activity with its role in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) unreported. Objective We aim to evaluate the role of Arborinine in ccRCC. Design Arborinine was tested for its effects in ccRCC cell lines in vitro and in silico. Results Arborinine conferred inhibitory effect to ccRCC cells at reasonable doses. Arborinine showed inhibitory effects on Lysine Demethylase 1A (KDM1A) in ccRCC cells and decreased levels of KDM1A outputs and on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Arborinine significantly inhibited proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression and migration of ccRCC cells. Using in silico ChIP analysis and luciferase activity validation, we identified Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2O (UBE2O) as an active transcription target downstream of KDM1A. UBE2O expression was not only correlated with KDM1A expression but also associated with worsened prognosis in ccRCC. Overexpression of UBE2O abrogated cancer-inhibitory effect of Arborinine. Discussion Arborinine holds promise as an additive in the treatment of ccRCC. Conclusions We have shown for the first time that Arborinine showed inhibitory effect on ccRCC via KDM1A/UBE2O signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Feng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxiao Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
- Jing Wang, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100000, PR China.
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8
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Inhibition of BMI-1 Induces Apoptosis through Downregulation of DUB3-Mediated Mcl-1 Stabilization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810107. [PMID: 34576269 PMCID: PMC8472307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BMI-1, a polycomb ring finger oncogene, is highly expressed in multiple cancer cells and is involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. BMI-1 represents a cancer stemness marker that is associated with the regulation of stem cell self-renewal. In this study, pharmacological inhibition (PTC596) or knockdown (siRNA) of BMI-1 reduced cancer stem-like cells and enhanced cancer cell death. Mechanistically, the inhibition of BMI-1 induced the downregulation of Mcl-1 protein, but not Mcl-1 mRNA. PTC596 downregulated Mcl-1 protein expression at the post-translational level through the proteasome-ubiquitin system. PTC596 and BMI-1 siRNA induced downregulation of DUB3 deubiquitinase, which was strongly linked to Mcl-1 destabilization. Furthermore, overexpression of Mcl-1 or DUB3 inhibited apoptosis by PTC596. Taken together, our findings reveal that the inhibition of BMI-1 induces Mcl-1 destabilization through downregulation of DUB3, resulting in the induction of cancer cell death.
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Li F, Aljahdali IAM, Zhang R, Nastiuk KL, Krolewski JJ, Ling X. Kidney cancer biomarkers and targets for therapeutics: survivin (BIRC5), XIAP, MCL-1, HIF1α, HIF2α, NRF2, MDM2, MDM4, p53, KRAS and AKT in renal cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:254. [PMID: 34384473 PMCID: PMC8359575 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing worldwide with an approximate 20% mortality rate. The challenge in RCC is the therapy-resistance. Cancer resistance to treatment employs multiple mechanisms due to cancer heterogeneity with multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. These changes include aberrant overexpression of (1) anticancer cell death proteins (e.g., survivin/BIRC5), (2) DNA repair regulators (e.g., ERCC6) and (3) efflux pump proteins (e.g., ABCG2/BCRP); mutations and/or deregulation of key (4) oncogenes (e.g., MDM2, KRAS) and/or (5) tumor suppressor genes (e.g., TP5/p53); and (6) deregulation of redox-sensitive regulators (e.g., HIF, NRF2). Foci of tumor cells that have these genetic alterations and/or deregulation possess survival advantages and are selected for survival during treatment. We will review the significance of survivin (BIRC5), XIAP, MCL-1, HIF1α, HIF2α, NRF2, MDM2, MDM4, TP5/p53, KRAS and AKT in treatment resistance as the potential therapeutic biomarkers and/or targets in RCC in parallel with our analized RCC-relevant TCGA genetic results from each of these gene/protein molecules. We then present our data to show the anticancer drug FL118 modulation of these protein targets and RCC cell/tumor growth. Finally, we include additional data to show a promising FL118 analogue (FL496) for treating the specialized type 2 papillary RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Genitourinary Disease Site Research Group, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Kidney Cancer Research Interest Group, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Developmental Therapeutics (DT) Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - Ieman A. M. Aljahdali
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - Renyuan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - Kent L. Nastiuk
- Genitourinary Disease Site Research Group, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - John J. Krolewski
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
| | - Xiang Ling
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263 USA
- Canget BioTekpharma LLC, Buffalo, New York 14203 USA
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10
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Zhen H, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhou M, Lu L, Wu L, He N, Wang J, Li R, Guo Y. SP2509, an inhibitor of LSD1, exerts potential antitumor effects by targeting the JAK/STAT3 signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1098-1105. [PMID: 34169322 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling promotes tumorigenesis and cancer progression. STAT3 participates in the essential processes of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation in many types of tumors. In the present study, SP2509 was identified as a potent inhibitor of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway by high-throughput drug screening based on a STAT3-driven luciferase expression system. Our results indicated that SP2509 inhibits constitutive STAT3 activation and the expression of STAT3-driven downstream genes. Bcl-xL, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 were downregulated after treatment with SP2509. In addition, SP2509 specifically inhibits JAK activity, which could cause cell cycle arrest, inhibit cell growth, and induce apoptosis of various cancer cells. These results confirmed that SP2509 inhibits tumor progression by suppressing the expression of JAK/STAT3 signaling and STAT3-related downstream genes. Moreover, we demonstrated that SP2509 inhibits tumor growth in vivo and induces cell death in vitro. SP2509-mediated inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation is dependent on its original target lysine-specific demethylase 1 in cancer cells. In summary, our results indicate that SP2509 is a novel inhibitor of JAK/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Zhen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liangliang Lu
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Na He
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rui Li
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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Raloxifene, identified as a novel LSD1 inhibitor, suppresses the migration of renal cell carcinoma. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:533-542. [PMID: 33527838 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: As an important epigenetic modulator, histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has been proved to be associated with the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Discovering novel LSD1 inhibitors offers therapeutic potential for RCC treatment. Methods & Results: We identified raloxifene as a novel LSD1 inhibitor (IC50 = 2.08 μM) through small compound library screening. Molecular docking indicated raloxifene might bind LSD1 in the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding cavity in a reversible manner. Cell viability and migration assays showed raloxifene could suppress the proliferation and migration of RCC cells bearing overexpressed LSD1. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that LSD1 might be a promising therapeutic target for RCC and that raloxifene could serve as a lead compound for further anti-RCC metastasis drug discovery.
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