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More's the Same-Multiple Hosts Do Not Select for Broader Host Range Phages. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020518. [PMID: 36851732 PMCID: PMC9960766 DOI: 10.3390/v15020518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage host range is a result of the interactions between phages and their hosts. For phage therapy, phages with a broader host range are desired so that a phage can infect and kill the broadest range of pathogen strains or related species possible. A common, but not well-tested, belief is that using multiple hosts during the phage isolation will make the isolation of broader host range phage more likely. Using a Bacillus cereus group system, we compared the host ranges of phages isolated on one or four hosts and found that there was no difference in the breadth of host ranges of the isolated phages. Both narrow and broader host range phage were also equally likely to be isolated from either isolation procedure. While there are methods that reliably isolate broader host range phages, such as sequential host isolation, and there are other reasons to use multiple hosts during isolation, multiple hosts are not a consistent way to obtain broader host range phages.
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Mutusamy P, Banga Singh KK, Su Yin L, Petersen B, Sicheritz-Ponten T, Clokie MRJ, Loke S, Millard A, Parimannan S, Rajandas H. Phenotypic Characterization and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Novel Salmonella Bacteriophages Isolated from a Tropical Rainforest. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3678. [PMID: 36835084 PMCID: PMC9963771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infections across the globe are becoming more challenging to control due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Lytic phages may be suitable alternatives for treating these multidrug-resistant Salmonella infections. Most Salmonella phages to date were collected from human-impacted environments. To further explore the Salmonella phage space, and to potentially identify phages with novel characteristics, we characterized Salmonella-specific phages isolated from the Penang National Park, a conserved rainforest. Four phages with a broad lytic spectrum (kills >5 Salmonella serovars) were further characterized; they have isometric heads and cone-shaped tails, and genomes of ~39,900 bp, encoding 49 CDSs. As the genomes share a <95% sequence similarity to known genomes, the phages were classified as a new species within the genus Kayfunavirus. Interestingly, the phages displayed obvious differences in their lytic spectrum and pH stability, despite having a high sequence similarity (~99% ANI). Subsequent analysis revealed that the phages differed in the nucleotide sequence in the tail spike proteins, tail tubular proteins, and portal proteins, suggesting that the SNPs were responsible for their differing phenotypes. Our findings highlight the diversity of novel Salmonella bacteriophages from rainforest regions, which can be explored as an antimicrobial agent against MDR-Salmonella strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Mutusamy
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Kirnpal Kaur Banga Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Lee Su Yin
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Semeling 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Bent Petersen
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martha R. J. Clokie
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Stella Loke
- Charles River Laboratories Australia Pty Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3137, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Waurn Ponds Campus, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Andrew Millard
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Sivachandran Parimannan
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heera Rajandas
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Evaluation of phage-antibiotic combinations in the treatment of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Salmonella enteritidis strain PT1. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13077. [PMID: 36747932 PMCID: PMC9898657 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne infections caused by Salmonella spp. are among the most common foodborne diseases in the world. We isolated a lytic phage against extended-spectrum beta-lactam producing S. Enteritidis strain PT1 derived from chicken carcass. Results from electronmicrography indicated that phiPT1 belonged to the family, Siphoviridae, in the order, Caudovirales. Phage phiPT1 was stable at temperatures from 4 °C to 60 °C and inactivated at 90 °C. phiPT1 retained a high titer from pH 4 to pH 10 for at least 1 h. Nevertheless, it displayed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in titer at pH 11 and 12, with phage titers of 5.5 and 2.4 log10 PFU/mL, respectively. The latent time and burst size of phiPT1 were estimated to be 30 min and 252 PFU/infected cell, respectively. The virulence of phage phiPT1 was evaluated against S. Enteritidis strain PT1 at different MOIs. phiPT1 reduced Salmonella proliferation relative to the negative control (MOI 0) at all MOIs (P < 0.05). However, there is no significant difference among the MOIs (P > 0.05). The phage-antibiotic combination analysis (PAS) indicated that synergism was not detected at higher phiPT1 titer (1012 PFU/mL) with all tested antibiotics at all subinhibitory concentrations. However, synergistic activities were recorded at 0.25 × MIC of four tested antibiotics: cefixime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and aztreonam in combination with phage at 104, 106 and 108 PFU/mL (ΣFIC ≤0.5). Synergism was detected for all antibiotics (0.1 × MIC) except meropenem and colistin in combination with phiPT1 at 104, 106 and 108 PFU/mL (ΣFIC ≤0.5). Synergism also displayed at the lowest concentrations of all antibiotics (0.01 MIC) in combination with phiPT1 at all titers except 1012 PFU/mL. Such characteristic features make phiPT1 to be a potential candidate for therapeutic uses.
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Porto YD, Fogaça FHDS, Andrade AO, da Silva LKS, Lima JP, da Silva JL, Vieira BS, Cunha Neto A, Figueiredo EEDS, Tassinari WDS. Salmonella spp. in Aquaculture: An Exploratory Analysis (Integrative Review) of Microbiological Diagnoses between 2000 and 2020. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:27. [PMID: 36611639 PMCID: PMC9817981 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize, through descriptive statistics, data from scientific articles selected in a systematic integrative review that performed a microbiological diagnosis of Salmonella spp. in aquaculture. Data were obtained from research articles published in the BVS, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The selected studies were published between 2000 and 2020 on samples of aquaculture animal production (fish, shrimp, bivalve mollusks, and other crustaceans) and environmental samples of aquaculture activity (farming water, soil, and sediments). After applying the exclusion criteria, 80 articles were selected. Data such as country of origin, categories of fish investigated, methods of microbiological diagnosis of Salmonella spp., sample units analyzed and most reported serovars were mined. A textual analysis of the word cloud and by similarity and descending hierarchical classification with the application of Reinert's algorithm was performed using R® and Iramuteq® software. The results showed that a higher percentage of the selected articles came from Asian countries (38.75%). Fish was the most sampled category, and the units of analysis of the culture water, muscle and intestine were more positive. The culture isolation method is the most widespread, supported by more accurate techniques such as PCR. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars reported were S. Typhimurium, S. Weltevreden and S. Newport. The textual analysis showed a strong association of the terms "Salmonella", "fish" and "water", and the highest hierarchical class grouped 25.4% of the associated text segments, such as "aquaculture", "food" and "public health". The information produced characterizes the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in the aquaculture sector, providing an overview of recent years. Future research focusing on strategies for the control and prevention of Salmonella spp. in fish production are necessary and should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Duarte Porto
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica 23897-000, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Oliveira Andrade
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica 23897-000, Brazil
| | | | - Janine Passos Lima
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz da Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso (IFMT), São Vicente da Serra 78106-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Serpa Vieira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia 38410-337, Brazil
| | - Adelino Cunha Neto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner de Souza Tassinari
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica 23897-000, Brazil
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Pelyuntha W, Ngasaman R, Yingkajorn M, Chukiatsiri K, Benjakul S, Vongkamjan K. Isolation and Characterization of Potential Salmonella Phages Targeting Multidrug-Resistant and Major Serovars of Salmonella Derived From Broiler Production Chain in Thailand. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:662461. [PMID: 34122377 PMCID: PMC8195598 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen that causes foodborne disease in humans through consumption of contaminated foods, especially those of animal origin. Multiple Salmonella strains are antibiotic-resistant due to the common use of antibiotics in farm animals, including broiler farms. In this study, an alternative strategy using phage-based treatment was evaluated against Salmonella isolated from the broiler production. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. showed up to 46.2 and 44.4% in bedding samples from the broiler farms located in eastern and southern Thailand, respectively. Overall, 21 samples (36.2%) were positive for Salmonella and eight serovars were recovered from cloacal swabs, bedding materials (rice husk), and boot swabs collected from five farms. Up to 20 Salmonella phages were isolated from seven water samples from wastewater treatment ponds, a river, and a natural reservoir in Songkhla province. Isolated phages were investigated, as well as their lysis ability on eight target Salmonella serovars derived from broiler farms, five foodborne outbreak-related serovars, and 10 multidrug-resistant (MDR) serovars. All phages showed a strong lytic ability against five serovars of Salmonella derived from broiler farms including Kentucky, Saintpaul, Schwarzengrund, Corvalis, and Typhimurium; three foodborne outbreak serovars including Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Virchow; and eight MDR serovars including Agona, Albany, Give, Kentucky, Typhimurium, Schwarzengrund, Singapore, and Weltevreden. Three phages with the highest lysis potential including vB_SenS_WP109, vB_SenS_WP110, and vB_SenP_WP128 were selected for a phage cocktail preparation. Overall, a phage cocktail could reduce Salmonella counts by 2.2–2.8 log units at 6 h of treatment. Moreover, Salmonella did not develop a resistant pattern after being treated with a phage cocktail. Findings here suggest that a phage cocktail is an effective biocontrol to combat Salmonella derived from broiler production chain, other serovars linked to foodborne outbreaks, and MDR serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Pelyuntha
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Mingkwan Yingkajorn
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kridda Chukiatsiri
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kitiya Vongkamjan
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.,International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Biocontrol of Salmonella Enteritidis on chicken meat and skin using lytic SE-P3, P16, P37, and P47 bacteriophages. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yildirim Z, Sakin T, Akçelik M, Akçelik N. Characterization of SE-P3, P16, P37, and P47 bacteriophages infectingSalmonellaEnteritidis. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:1049-1062. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Yildirim
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University; Niğde Turkey
| | - Tuba Sakin
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University; Niğde Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akçelik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Nesife Akçelik
- Department of Biotecnology, Institute of Biotechnology; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
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