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Ma L, Tao Q, Dang J, Sun J, Niu X, Zhang M, Kang Y, Wang W, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y. Altered local intrinsic neural activity and molecular architecture in internet use disorders. Brain Res Bull 2024; 216:111052. [PMID: 39173776 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is mainly characterized by its core dysfunction in higher-order brain cortices involved in inhibitory control, whose neurobiological basis remains unclear. Then, we will investigate local intrinsic neural activity (INA) alterations in IGD, ascertain whether these potential alterations are related to clinical characteristics, and further explore the underlying molecular architecture. METHOD In this study, we performed the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to explore the impact of IGD on local INA. Correlation analysis revealed the relationship between ReHo and fALFF in terms of group differences and clinical characteristics. Moreover, correlations between fALFF, ReHo, and PET- and SPECT-driven maps were investigated to elucidate the specific molecular architecture alternations in IGD. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to show the potential abilities of fALFF and ReHo in distinguishing individuals with IGD (IGDs) from healthy controls (HCs). RESULT Compared with HCs, IGDs revealed increased ReHo and fALFF in the prefrontal cortex. Significantly decreased ReHo was observed in the temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and cerebellum. In addition, the ReHo values in the cerebellum_7b_R were positively correlated with internet addiction severity. ROC curve analysis showed that ReHo and fALFF-altered brain regions could effectively distinguish IGDs from HCs. More importantly, cross-modal correlations revealed local INA changes in brain regions associated with the monoamine neurotransmitter system and the less studied cholinergic/GABAergic system. CONCLUSION These results suggest that local functional impairments are shown in the audiovisual and inhibitory control circuits in IGDs. This may be associated with underlying neurotransmitter system alterations. Therefore, this study provides the possibility of GABAergic receptor agonists and cholinergic receptor inhibitors for the treatment of IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyao Ma
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging
| | - Qiuying Tao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging
| | - Jinghan Dang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging
| | - Jieping Sun
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging
| | - Yimeng Kang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of brain function and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging.
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Li C, Pan T, He J, Zheng Y, Fan L, Meng Y. Approach bias in individuals with Internet gaming disorder: Evidence from an event-related potential-based approach-avoid task. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 202:112376. [PMID: 38844052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) often exhibit an approach bias towards gaming cues compared to non-gaming cues. Although previous studies suggested a positive correlation between approach bias and the severity of game use, the neuropsychological mechanisms that underpin the automatic action tendencies remain largely unexplored. The present study measured event-related potentials (ERPs) in 22 IGD and 23 healthy control (HC) participants who met the inclusion criteria, both groups conducted the Stimulus-Response Compatibility task (SRC), with their ERPs recorded during the task. Results revealed that the IGD group showed a significantly larger approach bias towards gaming cues (avoidance versus approach reaction time) compared to the HC group. The amplitude of P300 significantly increased, whereas N100 significantly decreased for game-approach compared to game-avoid for IGD compared to HC participants. The findings suggested that the enhanced integrated motivational value under compatible conditions as well as increased stimulus-response conflicts under incompatible conditions may contribute to the approach bias in IGD individuals. Further investigation on the intervention is prompted through longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuijing Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinbo He
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Liyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yayun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Fathi M, Pourrahimi AM, Poormohammad A, Sardari S, Rajizadeh MA, Mazhari S, Pourkand D. Video game addiction is associated with early stage of inhibitory control problems: An event-related potential study using cued Go/NoGo task. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13391. [PMID: 38564585 PMCID: PMC10986938 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Video game addiction (VGA) is associated with cognitive problems, particularly deficits in inhibitory control. The present study aimed to investigate behavioural responses and event-related potential associated with specific response inhibition using the cued Go/NoGo task to examine the effects of VGA on brain activity related to response inhibition. Twenty-five individuals addicted to video games (action video games) and 25 matched healthy controls participated in the study. The results showed that the VGA group had significantly more commission error in the NoGo trials and faster reaction time in the Go trials compared with the control group. The event-related potential analyses revealed significant reductions in amplitudes of N2 cue and N2 NoGo in the VGA group. While there was no significant difference between the N2 amplitudes of the Go and NoGo trials in the VGA group, the control group had a larger N2 amplitude in the NoGo trials. These results indicate that VGA subjects have difficulties in the early stages of response inhibition, as well as some level of impairment in proactive cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Fathi
- Ibn‐e‐Sina and Dr Hejazi Psychiatry HospitalMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Kerman Neuroscience Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | | | - Ahmad Poormohammad
- Ibn‐e‐Sina and Dr Hejazi Psychiatry HospitalMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Kerman Neuroscience Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Sara Sardari
- Kerman Neuroscience Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | | | - Shahrzad Mazhari
- Kerman Neuroscience Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
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Dong GH, Dai J, Potenza MN. Ten years of research on the treatments of internet gaming disorder: A scoping review and directions for future research. J Behav Addict 2024; 13:51-65. [PMID: 38183434 PMCID: PMC10988415 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although internet gaming disorder (IGD) has been listed in section III of the DSM-5 for approximately 10 years, the study of treatments for IGD remains in early stages. Nonetheless, a summary of findings to date and discussion of future research needs are warranted. Methods The current study reviewed scientific treatment studies with control groups and randomized controlled trials. We summarized the strengths and weaknesses of different treatment strategies and identified gaps in the research literature that may inform the direction of future research efforts. Results Sixteen studies were reviewed. Existing treatment studies may be categorized into cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), pharmacotherapies, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), and others. Conclusions CBT is the most widely studied treatment strategy for IGD thus far. Future studies should consider IGD-specific CBT treatment strategies. Medication-based treatment should be implemented with caution. NIBS is promising, and future studies should explore the most efficacious parameters and targets. In addition, studies should consider sex differences in the treatment of IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Heng Dong
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Junhong Dai
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine and the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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Botelho ADO, Bernardo Ribeiro F, Soares Machado J, Souza DCBD. Functional connectivity alterations in individuals with gaming disorder assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review. J Addict Dis 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38468374 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2024.2322861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Neuroimaging has continually advanced, playing a crucial role in the accurate diagnosis of various brain pathologies and disorders. This integrative review aimed to identify the main changes in brain connections found in fMRI scans of individuals with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). The data collection method involved searching for the terms "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Psychological Dependence" and "Internet Addiction Disorder" in the PubMed and Embase databases. Studies published between 2020 and January 2023 were included and manually analyzed through the virtual environment created in the "Rayyan" software, compiling a total of 18 scientific studies. The main findings reveal changes such as significant increases or decreases in functional connectivity in certain regions of the brain. Some potential negative impacts on the uncontrolled use of technologies among the young population were evaluated, such as the loss of inhibitory control in decision-making, transforming leisure into dependence, and although the IGD understands the associated risks and harms, it faces difficulties in resisting the desire to stop playing. This situation emphasizes the need for more long-term studies that can be comparative between different age groups. Conclusion, the brain regions with the most significant changes in functional connectivity in individuals with IGD symptoms are the prefrontal cortex, fronto-parietal regions, frontal gyrus, insula lobe, cingulate cortex and striatum. The lack of comprehensive knowledge about the effects of video game addiction across different age groups is a significant concern. Therefore, it is essential to carry out research that evaluates the impact of these technologies on different stages of human development.
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Qiao X, Chen X, Zhu Y, Shi X. Developmental trajectories and predictors of Internet gaming disorder across the university years: A person-centered five-wave cohort study. Addict Behav 2024; 149:107898. [PMID: 37907034 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
With a rapid rise in internet gaming, internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become a contemporary concern. However, little is known about the long-term dynamic changes in IGD over time. Using a person-centered five-wave longitudinal design, the current study explored the heterogeneous trajectories of IGD among 5787 students during their university years, and examined the role of protective and risk factors in differentiating distinct patterns of IGD. The growth mixture modeling revealed three distinct trajectories of IGD: stable-low pattern (n = 4575, 87.42 %), increasing pattern (n = 357, 6.80 %), and decreasing pattern (n = 302, 5.78 %). Additionally, the students with high self-control and self-compassion were more likely to be in the stable-low group instead of the other risk groups. Depressive symptoms and peer conflicts, as two time-varying variables, were significant risk predictors for IGD. These findings highlight the importance of identifying high-risk groups for IGD and providing them with personalized and effective mental health services to reduce their risk of developing IGD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Qiao
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Ya Zhu
- Center for Mental Health Education and Counseling, Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuliang Shi
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
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Dai J, Zhao Z, Dong H, Du X, Guang-Heng D. The severity of addiction mediates loneliness and cortical volume in internet gaming disorder. Neuroreport 2024; 35:61-70. [PMID: 37994617 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) subjects reported higher loneliness scores than healthy controls. However, the neural correlates underlying the association between loneliness and IGD remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between loneliness, online gaming addiction and brain structure. In the current study, structural MRI data were acquired from 84 IGD subjects and 103 matched recreational game users (RGUs). We assessed and compared their addiction severity, loneliness scores, and cortical volumes and analyzed the correlations among these values. Significant correlations were found between loneliness scores and brain volumes in the postcentral cortex, the medial orbitofrontal cortex, the rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and the temporal cortex. In addition, the addiction severity scores partly mediated the relationship between loneliness score and cortical volume in IGD. The results showed that participants with extreme loneliness had significant correlations with brain regions responsible for executive control, social threat surveillance and avoidance. More importantly, the severity of addiction mediates loneliness and cortical volume. The findings shed new insight into the neural mechanisms of loneliness and IGD and have implications for potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Dai
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University
| | - Zhen Zhao
- The affiliated Jianwen Middle School of Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou
| | - Haohao Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai
| | - Dong Guang-Heng
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
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Hou J, Xiao Q, Zhou M, Xiao L, Yuan M, Zhong N, Long J, Luo T, Hu S, Dong H. Lower synaptic density associated with gaming disorder: an 18F-SynVesT-1 PET imaging study. Gen Psychiatr 2023; 36:e101112. [PMID: 37829163 PMCID: PMC10565144 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2023-101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is an ideal model to study the mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in addiction as it eliminates the confounding effects of substance use. Synaptic loss and deficits are hypothesised to underlie the enduring maladaptive behaviours and impaired cognitive function that contribute to IGD. Aims This study aimed to determine whether subjects with IGD have lower synaptic density than control subjects and the relationship between synaptic density and IGD severity. Methods Eighteen unmedicated subjects diagnosed with current IGD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria and 16 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) participated in the study and underwent 18F-labelled difluoro-analogue of UCB-J (18F-SynVesT-1) positron emission tomography scans to assess the density of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A). The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), Stroop Colour-Word Test (SCWT), stop-signal paradigms and N-back tasks were administered to all subjects. Results Patients with IGD had significantly higher scores on the IGDS9-SF, HAMD, HAMA and BIS-11 than HCs. HCs performed better on the two-back and SCWT tests as well as in terms of stop-signal reaction times (SSRTs) in the stop-signal paradigms than patients with IGD. Lower uptake was found in the bilateral putamen, right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and Rolandic operculum of patients with IGD compared with HCs. Furthermore, in the IGD group, IGDS9-SF scores and daily gaming hours were negatively correlated with the standardised uptake value ratios of 18F-SynVesT-1 in the bilateral putamen. Longer SSRTs were significantly associated with lower SV2A density in the right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and right Rolandic operculum. Conclusions The in vivo results in this study suggest that lower synaptic density contributes to the severity and impairments in inhibitory control of IGD. These findings may provide further incentive to evaluate interventions that restore synaptic transmission and plasticity to treat IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Hou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Mental Health Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Zhong
- Department of Substance Use and Addictive Behaviors Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huixi Dong
- Mental Health Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhang Z, Wang S, Du X, Qi Y, Wang L, Dong GH. Brain responses to positive and negative events in individuals with internet gaming disorder during real gaming. J Behav Addict 2023; 12:758-774. [PMID: 37651282 PMCID: PMC10562809 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study sought to investigate brain responses to positive and negative events in individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) during real gaming as a direct assessment of the neural features of IGD. This investigation reflects the neural deficits in individuals with IGD while playing games, providing direct and effective targets for prevention and treatment of IGD. Methods Thirty subjects with IGD and fifty-two matched recreational game use (RGU) subjects were scanned while playing an online game. Abnormal brain activities during positive and negative events were detected using a general linear model. Functional connectivity (FC) and correlation analyses between neural features and addiction severity were conducted to provide additional support for the underlying neural features. Results Compared to the RGU subjects, the IGD subjects exhibited decreased activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during positive events and decreased activation in the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus during negative events. Decreased FC between the DLPFC and putamen during positive events and between the MFG and amygdala during negative events were observed among the IGD subjects. Neural features and addiction severity were significantly correlated. Conclusions Individuals with IGD exhibited deficits in regulating game craving, maladaptive habitual gaming behaviors and negative emotions when experiencing positive and negative events during real game-playing compared to RGU gamers. These abnormalities in neural substrates during real gaming provide direct evidence for explaining why individuals with IGD uncontrollably and continuously engage in game playing, despite negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Zhang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shizhen Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Wang M, Zheng H, Zhou W, Yang B, Wang L, Chen S, Dong GH. Disrupted dynamic network reconfiguration of the executive and reward networks in internet gaming disorder. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5478-5487. [PMID: 36004801 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that people with internet gaming disorder (IGD) exhibit impaired executive control of gaming cravings; however, the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. In addition, these conclusions were based on the hypothesis that brain networks are temporally static, neglecting dynamic changes in cognitive processes. METHODS Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 402 subjects [162 subjects with IGD and 240 recreational game users (RGUs)]. The community structure (recruitment and integration) of the executive control network (ECN) and the basal ganglia network (BGN), which represents the reward network, of patients with IGD and RGUs were compared. Mediation effects among the different networks were analyzed. RESULTS Compared to RGUs, subjects with IGD had a lower recruitment coefficient within the right ECN. Further analysis showed that only male subjects had a lower recruitment coefficient. Mediation analysis showed that the integration coefficient of the right ECN mediated the relationship between the recruitment coefficients of both the right ECN and the BGN in RGUs. CONCLUSIONS Male subjects with IGD had a lower recruitment coefficient than RGUs, which impairing their impulse control. The mediation results suggest that top-down executive control of the ECN is absent in subjects with IGD. Together, these findings could explain why subjects with IGD exhibit impaired executive control of gaming cravings; these results have important therapeutic implications for developing effective interventions for IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiran Zhou
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Shuaiyu Chen
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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Niu X, Gao X, Zhang M, Dang J, Sun J, Lang Y, Wang W, Wei Y, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y. Static and dynamic changes of intrinsic brain local connectivity in internet gaming disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:578. [PMID: 37558974 PMCID: PMC10410779 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have revealed that intrinsic neural activity varies over time. However, the temporal variability of brain local connectivity in internet gaming disorder (IGD) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the alterations of static and dynamic intrinsic brain local connectivity in IGD and whether the changes were associated with clinical characteristics of IGD. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans were performed on 36 individuals with IGD (IGDs) and 44 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, gender and years of education. The static regional homogeneity (sReHo) and dynamic ReHo (dReHo) were calculated and compared between two groups to detect the alterations of intrinsic brain local connectivity in IGD. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate the severity of online gaming addiction and sleep quality, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between brain regions with altered sReHo and dReHo and IAT and PSQI scores. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to reveal the potential capacity of the sReHo and dReHo metrics to distinguish IGDs from HCs. RESULTS Compared with HCs, IGDs showed both increased static and dynamic intrinsic local connectivity in bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus (mSFG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and supplementary motor area (SMA). Increased dReHo in the left putamen, pallidum, caudate nucleus and bilateral thalamus were also observed. ROC curve analysis showed that the brain regions with altered sReHo and dReHo could distinguish individuals with IGD from HCs. Moreover, the sReHo values in the left mSFG and SMA as well as dReHo values in the left SMA were positively correlated with IAT scores. The dReHo values in the left caudate nucleus were negatively correlated with PSQI scores. CONCLUSIONS These results showed impaired intrinsic local connectivity in frontostriatothalamic circuitry in individuals with IGD, which may provide new insights into the underlying neuropathological mechanisms of IGD. Besides, dynamic changes of intrinsic local connectivity in caudate nucleus may be a potential neurobiological marker linking IGD and sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for functional magnetic resonance imaging and molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan Province, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for functional magnetic resonance imaging and molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for functional magnetic resonance imaging and molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan Province, China
| | - Jinghan Dang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for functional magnetic resonance imaging and molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan Province, China
| | - Jieping Sun
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for functional magnetic resonance imaging and molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for functional magnetic resonance imaging and molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan Province, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for functional magnetic resonance imaging and molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan Province, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory for functional magnetic resonance imaging and molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan Province, China.
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory for functional magnetic resonance imaging and molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory for functional magnetic resonance imaging and molecular imaging of Henan Province, Henan Province, China.
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12
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Chen H, Dong G, Li K. Overview on brain function enhancement of Internet addicts through exercise intervention: Based on reward-execution-decision cycle. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1094583. [PMID: 36816421 PMCID: PMC9933907 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1094583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Internet addiction (IA) has become an impulse control disorder included in the category of psychiatric disorders. The IA trend significantly increased after the outbreak of the new crown epidemic. IA damages some brain functions in humans. Emerging evidence suggests that exercise exerts beneficial effects on the brain function and cognitive level damaged by IA. This work reviews the neurobiological mechanisms of IA and describes the brain function impairment by IA from three systems: reward, execution, and decision-making. Furthermore, we sort out the research related to exercise intervention on IA and its effect on improving brain function. The internal and external factors that produce IA must be considered when summarizing movement interventions from a behavioral perspective. We can design exercise prescriptions based on exercise interests and achieve the goal of quitting IA. This work explores the possible mechanisms of exercise to improve IA through systematic analysis. Furthermore, this work provides research directions for the future targeted design of exercise prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Sports, Quzhou University, Quzhou, China.,Department of Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Guijun Dong
- Department of Sports, Quzhou University, Quzhou, China.,Department of Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Kefeng Li
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, China
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13
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Weinstein A. Problematic Internet usage: brain imaging findings. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Wang L, Zheng H, Wang M, Chen S, Du X, Dong GH. Sex differences in neural substrates of risk taking: Implications for sex-specific vulnerabilities to internet gaming disorder. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:778-795. [PMID: 36053718 PMCID: PMC9872542 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sex differences in internet gaming disorder (IGD) remain unknown. Investigating sex-specific neural features that underlie the core risk factor (i.e., risk-taking) of IGD would help in understanding sex-specific vulnerabilities to IGD and advance sex-specific treatments and prevention for IGD. METHODS 111 participants (28 IGD males, 27 IGD females, 26 recreational game user (RGU) males, 30 RGU females) completed a probability discounting task during fMRI scanning. RESULTS First, among RGUs, males showed a higher risk-taking tendency and greater neural activation associated with risk/value evaluation for reward (the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left putamen) and smaller activation associated with cognitive control (the inferior frontal gyrus) than females during the contrast of risky-safe choices. Moreover, males showed a greater modulatory effect of risky choices on the connection from the vmPFC/ACC to the left putamen than females. Second, IGD males showed decreased activation in the vmPFC/ACC and left putamen compared to RGU males, whereas this decrease did not exist in IGD females. DISCUSSION Males show a higher risk-taking tendency than females. Altered neural substrates associated with risky decision-making exist in IGD males but not in IGD females. CONCLUSIONS The present findings fill the gap in information on the behavioral and neural substrates underlying IGD among females and demonstrate that a high risk-taking tendency is a risk factor and core symptom only in IGD males but not in IGD females. It is necessary to design and adopt distinct treatments and prevention strategies for IGD in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuaiyu Chen
- Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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15
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Dong GH, Potenza MN. Considering gender differences in the study and treatment of internet gaming disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 153:25-29. [PMID: 35793576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a multifaceted and complex addictive disorder characterized by poor impulse control and altered reward sensitivities, among other features. IGD is a male-predominant condition, and gender-related differences may contribute importantly to the development and maintenance of, and recovery from, IGD. METHODS The current manuscript proposes a framework that incorporates gender-related considerations at different stages of IGD and proposes potential strategies for the prevention and treatment of IGD. RESULTS At the development stage, high impulsivity, impaired inhibitory control, and aggressive behaviors have been more frequently observed among males than females, suggesting potential risk factors for the development of IGD. Loneliness and other emotional dysregulation have been more frequently noted among females (than among males) with IGD. At the maintenance stage, males may be more sensitive to gaming-related rewards than females, and acute gaming behaviors may elicit higher cravings among males than among females and thus weaken their inhibitory control. In recovery, females with IGD have reported more negative mood states than males, and females' gaming behaviors have been linked with affective disorders. DISCUSSIONS The model proposed here highlights gender-related differences in modulating the behavioral and neural systems that contribute to a three-stage framework of IGD. Additional investigation into gender-related differences in IGD may further advance the field by uncovering complex relationships that may underlie vulnerability and provide insights into the development of gender-specific prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, School of Clinical Medicine and the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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16
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Exploring Internet gaming disorder: an updated perspective of empirical evidence (from 2016 to 2021). Compr Psychiatry 2022; 116:152319. [PMID: 35526417 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Since the acceptance of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a "disorder due to addictive behaviors", research has proliferated exponentially. The present review focuses on the conceptualization of IGD, its diagnosis and assessment, associated factors and existing prevention and treatment plans to address it. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The discrepancies between the diagnostic criteria for IGD proposed by the two central diagnostic entities, as well as the questioning of their clinical validity, have generated multiple proposals for the diagnosis and psychometric evaluation of IGD. Likewise, there have been numerous suggestions to prevent this pathology, with the involvement of governments, the gaming industry and health institutions. Finally, multiple treatment plans have been proposed, both pharmacological and psychological, although only the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy has been tested. It is essential, therefore, to delve deeper into this disorder by addressing the central limitations of the current literature.
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17
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Peng W, Hao Q, Gao H, Wang Y, Wang J, Tu Y, Yu S, Li H, Zhu T. Functional Neural Alterations in Pathological Internet Use: A Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Studies. Front Neurol 2022; 13:841514. [PMID: 35518207 PMCID: PMC9062178 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.841514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) studies found spontaneous neural activity in the brains of Pathological Internet Use (PIU) subjects. However, the findings were inconsistent in studies using different neuroimaging analyses. This meta-analytic study aimed to identify a common pattern of altered brain activity from different studies. Resting-state fMRI studies, based on whole-brain analysis methods published before July 1, 2021, were searched in multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science). A voxel-based signed differential mapping (SDM) method was used to clarify brain regions, which showed anomalous activity in PIU subjects compared with healthy controls (HCs). Ten eligible publications consisting of 306 PIU subjects and 314 HCs were included in the SDM meta-analysis. Compared with HCs, subjects with PIU showed increased spontaneous neural functional activity in the left temporal pole of the superior temporal cortex, left amygdala, bilateral median cingulate cortex, and right insula. Meanwhile, a decreased spontaneous neural activity was identified in the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus in the subjects with PIU. These abnormal brain regions are associated with cognitive executive control and emotional regulation. The consistent changes under different functional brain imaging indicators found in our study may provide important targets for the future diagnosis and intervention of PIU. Systematic Review Registration:www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021258119.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghong Hao
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Gao
- Medical Quality Control Department, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Tu
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Yu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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18
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Zheng Y, Dong H, Wang M, Zhou W, Lin X, Dong G. Similarities and differences between internet gaming disorder and tobacco use disorder: A large-scale network study. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13119. [PMID: 34913220 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that internet gaming disorder (IGD) has the potential to be a type of addiction; however, direct comparisons (similarities and differences) between IGD and traditional addictions remain scarce, especially at the neuroimaging level. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected from 92 individuals with IGD, 96 individuals with tobacco use disorders (TUDs) and 107 individuals who served as healthy controls (HCs). Independent component analysis (ICA) was performed to explore the similarities and differences among these three groups; Granger causality analysis (GCA) was further performed based on the ICA results to determine potential neural features underlying the differences and similarities among the groups. The ICA results indicated significant differences in the subcortical network and cerebellar network. GCA results found that significant differences in bilateral caudate among three groups, and the efferents of dorsal frontostriatal circuit showed significant differences in insula among three groups, whereas efferents of ventral frontostriatal circuit showed significant differences in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Two kinds of addiction showed differences in thalamus and frontostriatal circuits, and similar changes found in cerebellum and mPFC regions. It suggested that addiction disorders have psychopathology features, and the craving and reward dysfunctions may be the key reasons. Although both substance addiction and behaviour addiction showed craving dysfunction in cerebellum, however, the key reward dysfunction of substance addiction was found in subcortical regions, whereas behaviour addiction located in cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Bin Zheng
- Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Psychological Science Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Hao‐Hao Dong
- Department of Psychology Zhejiang Normal University Zhejiang China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Psychological Science Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Weiran Zhou
- Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Psychological Science Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiao Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders Peking University Sixth Hospital Beijing China
| | - Guang‐Heng Dong
- Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Psychological Science Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
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19
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Wang M, Zeng N, Zheng H, Du X, Potenza MN, Dong GH. Altered effective connectivity from the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex to the laterobasal amygdala mediates the relationship between internet gaming disorder and loneliness. Psychol Med 2022; 52:737-746. [PMID: 32684185 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720002366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual with internet gaming disorder (IGD) often experience a high level of loneliness, and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that amygdala function is associated with both IGD and loneliness. However, the neurobiological basis underlying these relationships remains unclear. METHODS In the current study, Granger causal analysis was performed to investigate amygdalar subdivision-based resting-state effective connectivity differences between 111 IGD subjects and 120 matched participants with recreational game use (RGUs). We further correlated neuroimaging findings with clinical measures. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore whether amygdalar subdivision-based effective connectivity mediated the relationship between IGD severity and loneliness. RESULTS Compared with RGUs, IGD subjects showed inhibitory effective connections from the left pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) to the left laterobasal amygdala (LBA) and from the right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to the left LBA, as well as an excitatory effective connection from the left middle prefrontal gyrus (MFG) to the right superficial amygdala. Further analyses demonstrated that the left pACC-left LBA effective connection was negatively correlated with both Internet Addiction Test and UCLA Loneliness scores, and it mediated the relationship between the two. CONCLUSION IGD subjects and RGUs showed different connectivity patterns involving amygdalar subdivisions. These findings support a neurobiological mechanism for the relationship between IGD and loneliness, and suggest targets for therapeutic approaches that could be used to treat IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR, China
| | - Ningning Zeng
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, PR, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR, China
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR, China
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20
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Wang M, Zheng H, Zhou W, Jiang Q, Dong G. Persistent dependent behaviour is accompanied by dynamic switching between the ventral and dorsal striatal connections in internet gaming disorder. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13046. [PMID: 33957705 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies have suggested that functional heterogeneity within the striatum in individuals with addictive behaviours may involve the transition from ventral to dorsal partitions; however, due to limitations of the cross-sectional design, whether the contribution of this transition to addiction was confused by individual differences remains unclear, especially for internet gaming disorder (IGD). Longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 22 IGD subjects and 18 healthy controls were collected at baseline and more than 6 months later. We examined the connectivity features of subregions within the striatum between these two scans. Based on the results, we further performed dynamic causal modelling to explore the directional effect between regions and used these key features for data classification in machine learning to test the replicability of the results. Compared with controls, IGD subjects exhibited decreased functional connectivity between the left dorsal striatum (putamen) and the left insula, whereas connectivity between the right ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens [Nacc]) and the left insula was relatively stable over time. An inhibitory effective connectivity from the left putamen to the right Nacc was found in IGD subjects during the follow-up scan. Using the above features, the classification accuracy of the training model developed with the follow-up was better than that of the model based on the initial scan. Persistent IGD status was accompanied by a switch in the locus of control within the striatum, which provided new insights into association between IGD and drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Weiran Zhou
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Psychology Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua China
| | - Guang‐Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Psychological Science Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments Hangzhou China
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21
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Dong GH, Dong H, Wang M, Zhang J, Zhou W, Du X, Potenza MN. Dorsal and ventral striatal functional connectivity shifts play a potential role in internet gaming disorder. Commun Biol 2021; 4:866. [PMID: 34262129 PMCID: PMC8280218 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models suggest transitions from non-addictive to addictive behavioral engagement are associated with ventral-to-dorsal striatal shifts. However, few studies have examined such features in humans, especially in internet gaming disorder (IGD), a proposed behavioral addiction. We recruited 418 subjects (174 with IGD; 244 with recreational game use (RGU)). Resting-state fMRI data were collected and functional connectivity analyses were performed based on ventral and dorsal striatal seeds. Correlations and follow-up spectrum dynamic causal model (spDCM) analyses were performed to examine relationships between the ventral/dorsal striatum and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Longitudinal data were also analysed to investigate changes over time. IGD relative to RGU subjects showed lower ventral-striatum-to-MFG (mostly involving supplementary motor area (SMA)) and higher dorsal-striatum-to-MFG functional connectivity. spDCM revealed that left dorsal-striatum-to-MFG connectivity was correlated with IGD severity. Longitudinal data within IGD and RGU groups found greater dorsal striatal connectivity with the MFG in IGD versus RGU subjects. These findings suggest similar ventral-to-dorsal striatal shifts may operate in IGD and traditional addictions. In order to shed light on the underlying neural mechanisms of internet gaming disorder (IGD), Dong et al collected longitudinal resting-state fMRI data from participants with IGD or those who partake in recreational game use. They demonstrated that, consistent with animal models of addiction, dorsal and ventral striatal functional connectivity shifts appeared to play a potential mechanistic role in IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P.R. China. .,Institute of Psychological Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P.R. China. .,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
| | - Haohao Dong
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Institute of Psychological Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiran Zhou
- Institute of Psychological Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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22
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Dong H, Wang M, Zhang J, Hu Y, Potenza MN, Dong G. Reduced frontostriatal functional connectivity and associations with severity of Internet gaming disorder. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12985. [PMID: 33236526 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive, functional, and structural brain factors involving frontal executive and striatal reward networks have been implicated in Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, frontostriatal network connectivity and its association with addiction severity are poorly understood in IGD. Resting-state fMRI data from 337 subjects (130 with IGD, 207 with recreational game use [RGU]) were collected. Striatal-cortical communications were measured with resting-state functional connectivity (FC) using coherent spontaneous fluctuations in the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent fMRI signal. Correlations were calculated between FC measures and IGD-related assessments (addiction severity and craving scores). Decreased FC was predominantly observed in IGD subjects, with IGD subjects showing decreased FC between the putamen and superior frontal gyrus (SFG), middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the ventral striatum and IFG, superior temporal gyrus, and MFG. Disorder severity and craving scores were negatively correlated with FC between striatal and frontal brain regions. Associations between diminished FC in corticostriatal circuitry and clinical features (IGD craving, severity) suggest potential therapeutic targets for neuromodulation treatments. The extent to which frontostriatal circuits involving executive control over reward processes may be altered to treat IGD warrants additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Psychological Science Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Department of Psychology Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua China
| | - Min Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Child Study Center, and Connecticut Mental Health Center Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Guang‐Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Psychological Science Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
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Zhou WR, Wang M, Zheng H, Wang MJ, Dong GH. Altered modular segregation of brain networks during the cue-craving task contributes to the disrupted executive functions in internet gaming disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 107:110256. [PMID: 33503493 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that gaming-related cues could induce gaming cravings and bring about changes in brain activities in subjects with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, little is known about the brain network organizations in IGD subjects during a cue-craving task and the relationship between this network organization and IGD severity. METHODS Sixty-one IGD subjects and 61 matched recreational game users (RGUs) were scanned while performing a cue-craving task. We calculated and compared the participation coefficient (PC) among brain network modules between IGD subjects and RGUs. Based on the results, further group comparison analyses were performed to explain the PC changes and to explore the relationship between PCs and IGD severity. RESULTS While performing a cue-craving task, compared with RGUs, IGD subjects showed significantly decreased PCs in the default-mode network (DMN) and the frontal-parietal network (FPN). Specifically, the number of connections between nodes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and other nodes in the DMN of IGD subjects was much larger than that in RGUs. Correlation results showed that the number of DMN intra-modular connections was positively correlated with addiction severity and craving degree. CONCLUSIONS These results provide neural evidence that can explain why cognitive control, emotion, attention and other functions are impaired in IGD subjects in the face of gaming cues, which leads to compulsive behavior toward games. These findings extend our understanding of the neural mechanism of IGD and have important implications for developing effective interventions to treat IGD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ran Zhou
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Meng-Jing Wang
- Southeast University, Monash University Joint Graduate School, China
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Zeng N, Wang M, Zheng H, Zhang J, Dong H, Potenza MN, Dong GH. Gender-related differences in frontal-parietal modular segregation and altered effective connectivity in internet gaming disorder. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:123-134. [PMID: 33704084 PMCID: PMC8969857 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have revealed gender-related differences in executive function in internet gaming disorder (IGD), neural mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear, especially in terms of brain networks. METHODS Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 78 subjects with IGD (39 males, 20.8 ± 2.16 years old) and 72 with recreational game use (RGU) (39 males, 21.5 ± 2.56 years old). By utilizing graph theory, we calculated participation coefficients among brain network modules for all participants and analyzed the diagnostic-group-by-gender interactions. We further explored possible causal relationships between networks through spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) to assess differences in between-network connections. RESULTS Compared to males with RGU, males with IGD demonstrated reduced modular segregation of the frontal-parietal network (FPN). Male IGD subjects also showed increased connections between the FPN and cingulo-opercular network (CON); however, these differences were not found in female subjects. Further spDCM analysis indicated that the causal influence from CON to FPN in male IGD subjects was enhanced relative to that of RGU males, while this influence was relatively reduced in females with IGD. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest poor modular segmentation of the FPN and abnormal FPN/CON connections in males with IGD, suggesting a mechanism for male vulnerability to IGD. An increased "bottom-up" effect from the CON to FPN in male IGD subjects could reflect dysfunction between the brain networks. Different mechanisms may underlie in IGD, suggesting that different interventions may be optimal in males and females with IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zeng
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China,Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Haohao Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China,Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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25
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Assari S, Boyce S. Resting-State Functional Connectivity between Putamen and Salience Network and Childhood Body Mass Index. Neurol Int 2021; 13:85-101. [PMID: 33806587 PMCID: PMC8006001 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint13010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although the putamen has a significant role in reward-seeking and motivated behaviors, including eating and food-seeking, minorities’ diminished returns (MDRs) suggest that individual-level risk and protective factors have weaker effects for Non-Hispanic Black than Non-Hispanic White individuals. However, limited research is available on the relevance of MDRs in terms of the role of putamen functional connectivity on body mass index (BMI). Purpose: Building on the MDRs framework and conceptualizing race and socioeconomic status (SES) indicators as social constructs, we explored racial and SES differences in the associations between putamen functional connectivity to the salience network and children’s BMI. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 6473 9–10-year-old Non-Hispanic Black and Non-Hispanic White children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The primary independent variable was putamen functional connectivity to the salience network, measured by fMRI. The primary outcome was the children’s BMI. Age, sex, neighborhood income, and family structure were the covariates. Race, family structure, parental education, and household income were potential moderators. For data analysis, we used mixed-effect models in the overall sample and by race. Results: Higher right putamen functional connectivity to the salience network was associated with higher BMI in Non-Hispanic White children. The same association was missing for Non-Hispanic Black children. While there was no overall association in the pooled sample, a significant interaction was found, suggesting that the association between right putamen functional connectivity to the salience network and children’s BMI was modified by race. Compared to Non-Hispanic White children, Non-Hispanic Black children showed a weaker association between right putamen functional connectivity to the salience network and BMI. While parental education and household income did not moderate our association of interest, marital status altered the associations between putamen functional connectivity to the salience network and children’s BMI. These patterns were observed for right but not left putamen. Other/Mixed Race children also showed a pattern similar to Non-Hispanic Black children. Conclusions: The association between right putamen functional connectivity to the salience network and children’s BMI may depend on race and marital status but not parental education and household income. While right putamen functional connectivity to the salience network is associated with Non-Hispanic White children’s BMI, Non-Hispanic Black children’ BMI remains high regardless of their putamen functional connectivity to the salience network. This finding is in line with MDRs, which attributes diminished effects of individual-risk and protective factors for Non-Hispanic Black children to racism, stratification, and segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Shanika Boyce
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA;
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26
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Zhou W, Zheng H, Wang M, Zheng Y, Chen S, Wang MJ, Dong GH. The imbalance between goal-directed and habitual systems in internet gaming disorder: Results from the disturbed thalamocortical communications. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 134:121-128. [PMID: 33383495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging evidence has identified the imbalance between goal-directed systems and habitual systems in the addiction process. The thalamocortical loop plays an important role in the habitual/goal-directed system. However, little is known about the role of the thalamus in goal-directed and habitual systems in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) patients. This study investigated whether thalamocortical circuit was disrupted and how they affected goal-directed and habitual behaviors in IGD patients. METHODS This is a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Twenty-five IGD patients and 25 matched recreational game users (RGUs) were scanned when they were in a resting state and were performing an instrumental learning task to obtain behavioral data related to habitual/goal-directed behavior. We used the whole-brain seed-based functional connectivity (FC) of the four thalamic nuclei (bilateral) and correlation analyses to examine the thalamocortical loop difference and relationship with habitual/goal-directed performance. RESULTS Compared with RGUs, IGD patients demonstrated significantly increased FC between the left midline nucleus (MN) and the right postcentral gyrus (PCG), and between the pulvinar and medial frontal gyrus (MFG). Correlation results showed that within the IGD group, the correct response rates of the participants to inconsistent stimulus-result pairs were positively correlated with the FC between the pulvinar and MFG. Inhibition-control scores were negatively correlated with the FC between the left MN and the PCG. CONCLUSIONS IGD patients showed disrupted thalamocortical communication that could further result in an imbalance between the goal-directed and habitual systems in IGD patients. These findings provide more information about the involvement of the thalamus in the pathophysiology of IGD, and as potential circuit-level biomarkers of IGD patients, these circuit alterations may be useful in treatment development and in monitoring treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zhou
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, PR China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, PR China
| | - Yanbin Zheng
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, PR China
| | - Shuaiyu Chen
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Meng-Jing Wang
- Southeast University - Monash University Joint Graduate School, Southeast University, PR China
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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27
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Yan WS, Chen RT, Liu MM, Zheng DH. Monetary Reward Discounting, Inhibitory Control, and Trait Impulsivity in Young Adults With Internet Gaming Disorder and Nicotine Dependence. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:628933. [PMID: 33584390 PMCID: PMC7876248 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.628933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has been considered a potential behavioral or non-substance addiction that requires further investigation. Recognition of the commonalities between IGD and Substance Use disorders (SUD) would be of great help to better understand the basic mechanisms of addictive behaviors and excessive Internet gaming. However, little research has targeted a straightforward contrast between IGD and SUD on neuropsychological aspects. The present study thus aimed to explore the associations of reward processing and inhibitory control with IGD and nicotine dependence (ND) in young adults. Fifty-eight IGD and 53 ND individuals, as well as 57 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, were assessed with a series of measurements including the Delay-discounting Test (DDT), Probability Discounting Test (PDT), the Stroop Color-Word Task, a revised Go/No Go Task, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Multivariate analysis of variance (mANOVA) models revealed that both IGD and ND groups scored higher than healthy controls on the BIS-11 attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsiveness (Cohen's d = 0.41-1.75). Higher degrees of delay discounting on the DDT were also found in IGD and ND groups compared to healthy controls (Cohen's d = 0.53-0.69). Although IGD group did not differ from healthy controls on the PDT, ND group had a lower degree of probability discounting than healthy controls (Cohen's d = 0.55), suggesting a reduction in risk aversion. Furthermore, ND subjects showed a lower correct accuracy in the incongruent trials of the Stroop task than healthy controls (Cohen's d = 0.61). On the Go/No Go task, both IGD and ND groups had a lower correct accuracy in the No-Go trials than healthy controls (Cohen's d = 1.35-1.50), indicating compromised response inhibition. These findings suggested that IGD was linked to both anomalous reward discounting and dysfunctional inhibitory control, which was comparable with one typical SUD category (i.e., ND). This study might promote a better understanding of the pathogenesis of IGD as a potential addictive disorder similar to SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Sen Yan
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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28
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Zhao W, Wei T, Zhou R, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ren Z, Shao W, Luo H, Zhou Y, Chen N, Lu Q, Song X, Zhang Z, Fang Y, Zhang X, Jiao D. The Influence of Online Game Behaviors on the Emotional State and Executive Function of College Students in China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:713364. [PMID: 34744815 PMCID: PMC8563612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.713364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Since the classification of gaming disorder (GD) by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "mental disorder caused by addictive behaviors," there has been controversy regarding whether online game behaviors can lead to mental disorder. This study aims to clarify the correlation between the online game behaviors of college students and anxiety, depression, and executive function of college students in China, from a questionnaire-based investigation. Methods: Based on the whole class random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among college students in Northern Anhui, China from March 7 to March 27, 2020. The questionnaires included the Internet Game Addiction (IGA) Scale, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (Adult Version, BRIEF-A), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire Scale (PHQ-9). Results: A total of 850 participants completed the survey, including 353 males (41.53%) and 497 females (58.47%). The primary age group was 18-27 years (91.53%), and the educational background was a bachelor's degree (94.7%). The study found that the online behavior of 17.76% of college students was online game behavior. This study did not identify any students who met the criteria for IGA, and 3% met the criteria for indulgent behavior. A dual role of online games was identified; moderate online game activities can improve the emotional state and executive function of college students, while excessive online game behaviors that may not reach the degree of addiction can also harm emotional state and executive function. Conclusions: This study suggests that although IGA has been regarded as a mental disease, online game behavior should be treated differently. Online game activities should not be entirely denied, but mental disorders caused by excessive gaming activities deserve attention. In particular, the emotional state and executive function of students with excessive online game behaviors should be monitored and intervened in advance to avoid game behaviors turning into indulgent behaviors or addiction. As a cognitive control process, executive function may play a key role in regulating IGA and emotional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tao Wei
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ruidong Zhou
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zixuan Ren
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wenyi Shao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hanrun Luo
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yiding Zhou
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qiao Lu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xun Song
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yinnuo Fang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Dongliang Jiao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Gao X, Zhang M, Yang Z, Wen M, Huang H, Zheng R, Wang W, Wei Y, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y. Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities in Internet Gaming Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comparative Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:679437. [PMID: 34276447 PMCID: PMC8281314 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.679437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high comorbidity but it is still unknown whether these disorders have shared and distinctive neuroimage alterations. Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify shared and disorder-specific structural, functional, and multimodal abnormalities between IGD and ADHD. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies comparing people with IGD or ADHD with healthy controls. Regional gray matter volume (GMV) and fMRI differences were compared over the patient groups and then a quantitative comparison was performed to find abnormalities (relative to controls) between IGD and ADHD using seed-based d mapping meta-analytic methods. Result: The meta-analysis contained 14 IGD VBM studies (contrasts covering 333 IGDs and 335 HCs), 26 ADHD VBM studies (1,051 patients with ADHD and 887 controls), 30 IGD fMRI studies (603 patients with IGD and 564 controls), and 29 ADHD fMRI studies (878 patients with ADHD and 803 controls). Structurally, VBM analysis showed disorder-specific GMV abnormality in the putamen among IGD subjects and orbitofrontal cortex in ADHD and shared GMV in the prefrontal cortex. Functionally, fMRI analysis discovered that IGD-differentiating increased activation in the precuneus and shared abnormal activation in anterior cingulate cortex, insular, and striatum. Conclusion: IGD and ADHD have shared and special structural and functional alterations. IGD has disorder-differentiating structural alterations in the putamen and ADHD has alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex. Disorder-differentiating fMRI activations were predominantly observed in the precuneus among IGD subjects and shared impairing function connection was in the rewards circuit (including ACC, OFC, and striatum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Wen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Huang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiping Zheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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30
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Dong GH, Wang Z, Dong H, Wang M, Zheng Y, Ye S, Zhang J, Potenza MN. More stringent criteria are needed for diagnosing internet gaming disorder: Evidence from regional brain features and whole-brain functional connectivity multivariate pattern analyses. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:642-653. [PMID: 33031057 PMCID: PMC8943664 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is included in the DSM-5 as a provisional diagnosis. Whether IGD should be regarded as a disorder and, if so, how it should be defined and thresholded have generated considerable debate. METHODS In the current study, machine learning was used, based on regional and interregional brain features. Resting-state data from 374 subjects (including 148 IGD subjects with DSM-5 scores ≥5 and 93 IGD subjects with DSM-5 scores ≥6) were collected, and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) was employed to classify IGD from recreational game use (RGU) subjects based on regional brain features (ReHo) and communication between brain regions (functional connectivity; FC). Permutation tests were used to assess classifier performance. RESULTS The results demonstrated that when using DSM-5 scores ≥5 as the inclusion criteria for IGD subjects, MVPA could not differentiate IGD subjects from RGU, whether based on ReHo or FC features or by using different templates. MVPA could differentiate IGD subjects from RGU better than expected by chance when using DSM-5 scores ≥6 with both ReHo and FC features. The brain regions involved in the default mode network and executive control network and the cerebellum exhibited high discriminative power during classification. DISCUSSION The current findings challenge the current IGD diagnostic criteria thresholding proposed in the DSM-5, suggesting that more stringent criteria may be needed for diagnosing IGD. The findings suggest that brain regions involved in the default mode network and executive control network relate importantly to the core criteria for IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haohao Dong
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanbin Zheng
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuer Ye
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, PR China
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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