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Yuste R. Breaking the neural code of a cnidarian: Learning principles of neuroscience from the "vulgar" Hydra. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 86:102869. [PMID: 38552547 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The cnidarian Hydra vulgaris is a small polyp with a nervous system of few hundred neurons belonging to a dozen cell types, organized in two nerve nets without cephalization or ganglia. Using this simple neural "chassis", Hydra can maintain a stable repertoire of behaviors, even performing complex fixed-action patterns, such as somersaulting and feeding. The ability to image the activity of Hydra's entire neural and muscle tissue has revealed that Hydra's nerve nets are divided into coactive ensembles of neurons, associated with specific movements. These ensembles can be activated by neuropeptides and interact using cross-inhibition circuits and implement integrate-to-threshold algorithms. In addition, Hydra's nervous system can self-assemble from dissociated cells in a stepwise modular architecture. Studies of Hydra and other cnidarians could enable the systematic deciphering of the neural basis of its behavior and help provide perspective on basic principles of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Yuste
- Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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2
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Giez C, Noack C, Sakib E, Hofacker LM, Repnik U, Bramkamp M, Bosch TCG. Satiety controls behavior in Hydra through an interplay of pre-enteric and central nervous system-like neuron populations. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114210. [PMID: 38787723 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hunger and satiety can have an influence on decision-making, sensory processing, and motor behavior by altering the internal state of the brain. This process necessitates the integration of peripheral sensory stimuli into the central nervous system. Here, we show how animals without a central nervous system such as the cnidarian Hydra measure and integrate satiety into neuronal circuits and which specific neuronal populations are involved. We demonstrate that this simple nervous system, previously referred to as diffuse, has an endodermal subpopulation (N4) similar to the enteric nervous system (feeding-associated behavior) and an ectodermal population (N3) that performs central nervous system-like functions (physiology/motor). This view of a supposedly simple nervous system could open an important window into the origin of more complex nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Giez
- Zoological Institute, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Neural Circuits and Evolution Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Christopher Noack
- Zoological Institute, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ehsan Sakib
- Zoological Institute, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Hofacker
- Zoological Institute, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Urska Repnik
- Centrale Microscopy, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc Bramkamp
- Centrale Microscopy, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Institute for General Microbiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas C G Bosch
- Zoological Institute, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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3
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Luxmi R, King SM. Cilia Provide a Platform for the Generation, Regulated Secretion, and Reception of Peptidergic Signals. Cells 2024; 13:303. [PMID: 38391915 PMCID: PMC10886904 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based cellular projections that act as motile, sensory, and secretory organelles. These structures receive information from the environment and transmit downstream signals to the cell body. Cilia also release vesicular ectosomes that bud from the ciliary membrane and carry an array of bioactive enzymes and peptide products. Peptidergic signals represent an ancient mode of intercellular communication, and in metazoans are involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and various other physiological processes and responses. Numerous peptide receptors, subtilisin-like proteases, the peptide-amidating enzyme, and bioactive amidated peptide products have been localized to these organelles. In this review, we detail how cilia serve as specialized signaling organelles and act as a platform for the regulated processing and secretion of peptidergic signals. We especially focus on the processing and trafficking pathways by which a peptide precursor from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is converted into an amidated bioactive product-a chemotactic modulator-and released from cilia in ectosomes. Biochemical dissection of this complex ciliary secretory pathway provides a paradigm for understanding cilia-based peptidergic signaling in mammals and other eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen M. King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3305, USA;
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4
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Frost WN. Neuroethology: Generating complex behavioral sequences with distributed nerve nets. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R398-R400. [PMID: 37220729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
How are animals equipped with only diffusely distributed nerve nets able to generate complex behaviors? A new study in Hydra vulgaris proposes that a peptide-based 'wireless connectome' works in concert with two familiar network-coordinating mechanisms to generate the animal's remarkable somersault behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Frost
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Chicago Medical School, Stanson Toshok Center for Brain Function and Repair, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road North, Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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5
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Yamamoto W, Yuste R. Peptide-driven control of somersaulting in Hydra vulgaris. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1893-1905.e4. [PMID: 37040768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The cnidarian Hydra vulgaris has a simple nervous system with a few hundred neurons in distributed networks. Yet Hydra can perform somersaults, a complex acrobatic locomotion. To understand the neural mechanisms of somersaulting we used calcium imaging and found that rhythmical potential 1 (RP1) neurons activate before somersaulting. Decreasing RP1 activity or ablating RP1 neurons reduced somersaulting, while two-photon activation of RP1 neurons induced somersaulting. Hym-248, a peptide synthesized by RP1 cells, selectively generated somersaulting. We conclude that RP1 activity, via release of Hym-248, is necessary and sufficient for somersaulting. We propose a circuit model to explain the sequential unfolding of this locomotion, using integrate-to-threshold decision making and cross-inhibition. Our work demonstrates that peptide-based signaling is used by simple nervous systems to generate behavioral fixed action patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yamamoto
- Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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6
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Abstract
Neuropeptides are a diverse class of signaling molecules in metazoans. They occur in all animals with a nervous system and also in neuron-less placozoans. However, their origin has remained unclear because no neuropeptide shows deep homology across lineages, and none have been found in sponges. Here, we identify two neuropeptide precursors, phoenixin (PNX) and nesfatin, with broad evolutionary conservation. By database searches, sequence alignments, and gene-structure comparisons, we show that both precursors are present in bilaterians, cnidarians, ctenophores, and sponges. We also found PNX and a secreted nesfatin precursor homolog in the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta. PNX, in particular, is highly conserved, including its cleavage sites, suggesting that prohormone processing occurs also in choanoflagellates. In addition, based on phyletic patterns and negative pharmacological assays, we question the originally proposed GPR-173 (SREB3) as a PNX receptor. Our findings revealed that secreted neuropeptide homologs derived from longer precursors have premetazoan origins and thus evolved before neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Thiel
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Gáspár Jékely
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
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7
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Luxmi R, Kumar D, Mains RE, King SM, Eipper BA. Cilia-based peptidergic signaling. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000566. [PMID: 31809498 PMCID: PMC6919629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based intercellular communication is a ubiquitous and ancient process that predates evolution of the nervous system. Cilia are essential signaling centers that both receive information from the environment and secrete bioactive extracellular vesicles (ectosomes). However, the nature of these secreted signals and their biological functions remain poorly understood. Here, we report the developmentally regulated release of the peptide amidating enzyme, peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), and the presence of peptidergic signaling machinery (including propeptide precursors, subtilisin-like prohormone convertases, amidated products, and receptors) in ciliary ectosomes from the green alga Chlamydomonas. One identified amidated PAM product serves as a chemoattractant for mating-type minus gametes but repels plus gametes. Thus, cilia provide a previously unappreciated route for the secretion of amidated signaling peptides. Our study in Chlamydomonas and the presence of PAM in mammalian cilia suggest that ciliary ectosome-mediated peptidergic signaling dates to the early eukaryotes and plays key roles in metazoan physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Luxmi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Dhivya Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Mains
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Betty A. Eipper
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
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8
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Hayakawa E, Watanabe H, Menschaert G, Holstein TW, Baggerman G, Schoofs L. A combined strategy of neuropeptide prediction and tandem mass spectrometry identifies evolutionarily conserved ancient neuropeptides in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215185. [PMID: 31545805 PMCID: PMC6756747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are a class of bioactive peptides shown to be involved in various physiological processes, including metabolism, development, and reproduction. Although neuropeptide candidates have been predicted from genomic and transcriptomic data, comprehensive characterization of neuropeptide repertoires remains a challenge owing to their small size and variable sequences. De novo prediction of neuropeptides from genome or transcriptome data is difficult and usually only efficient for those peptides that have identified orthologs in other animal species. Recent peptidomics technology has enabled systematic structural identification of neuropeptides by using the combination of liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. However, reliable identification of naturally occurring peptides using a conventional tandem mass spectrometry approach, scanning spectra against a protein database, remains difficult because a large search space must be scanned due to the absence of a cleavage enzyme specification. We developed a pipeline consisting of in silico prediction of candidate neuropeptides followed by peptide-spectrum matching. This approach enables highly sensitive and reliable neuropeptide identification, as the search space for peptide-spectrum matching is highly reduced. Nematostella vectensis is a basal eumetazoan with one of the most ancient nervous systems. We scanned the Nematostella protein database for sequences displaying structural hallmarks typical of eumetazoan neuropeptide precursors, including amino- and carboxyterminal motifs and associated modifications. Peptide-spectrum matching was performed against a dataset of peptides that are cleaved in silico from these putative peptide precursors. The dozens of newly identified neuropeptides display structural similarities to bilaterian neuropeptides including tachykinin, myoinhibitory peptide, and neuromedin-U/pyrokinin, suggesting these neuropeptides occurred in the eumetazoan ancestor of all animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Hayakawa
- Research Group of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Evolutionary Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology, Okinawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Evolutionary Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology, Okinawa, Japan
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerben Menschaert
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas W. Holstein
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Geert Baggerman
- CFP/Ceproma, University Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
- VITO, Applied Bio & molecular Systems (ABS), Mol, Belgium
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Research Group of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Nässel DR, Zandawala M. Recent advances in neuropeptide signaling in Drosophila, from genes to physiology and behavior. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 179:101607. [PMID: 30905728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in almost all aspects of daily life, as w;1;ell as in developmental processes. We provide an update on novel neuropeptides and receptors identified in the last decade, and highlight progress in analysis of neuropeptide signaling in Drosophila. Especially exciting is the huge amount of work published on novel functions of neuropeptides and peptide hormones in Drosophila, largely due to the rapid developments of powerful genetic methods, imaging techniques and innovative assays. We critically discuss the roles of peptides in olfaction, taste, foraging, feeding, clock function/sleep, aggression, mating/reproduction, learning and other behaviors, as well as in regulation of development, growth, metabolic and water homeostasis, stress responses, fecundity, and lifespan. We furthermore provide novel information on neuropeptide distribution and organization of peptidergic systems, as well as the phylogenetic relations between Drosophila neuropeptides and those of other phyla, including mammals. As will be shown, neuropeptide signaling is phylogenetically ancient, and not only are the structures of the peptides, precursors and receptors conserved over evolution, but also many functions of neuropeptide signaling in physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick R Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Meet Zandawala
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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10
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Kanaya HJ, Kobayakawa Y, Itoh TQ. Hydra vulgaris exhibits day-night variation in behavior and gene expression levels. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019; 5:10. [PMID: 30891311 PMCID: PMC6407280 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-019-0127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Day-night behavioral variation is observed in most organisms, and is generally controlled by circadian clocks and/or synchronization to environmental cues. Hydra species, which are freshwater cnidarians, are thought to lack the core clock genes that form transcription-translation feedback loops in clock systems. In this study, we examined whether hydras exhibit diel rhythms in terms of behavior and gene expression levels without typical clock genes. RESULTS We found that the total behavior of hydras was elevated during the day and decreased at night under a 12-h light-dark cycle. Polyp contraction frequency, one component of behavior, exhibited a clear diel rhythm. However, neither total behavior nor polyp contraction frequency showed rhythmic changes under constant light and constant dark conditions. To identify the genes underlying diel behavior, we performed genome-wide transcriptome analysis of hydras under light-dark cycles. Using three different analytic algorithms, we found that 380 genes showed robust diel oscillations in expression. Some of these genes shared common features with diel cycle genes of other cnidarian species with endogenous clock systems. CONCLUSION Hydras show diel behavioral rhythms under light-dark cycles despite the absence of canonical core clock genes. Given the functions of the genes showing diel oscillations in hydras and the similarities of those genes with the diel cycle genes of other cnidarian species with circadian clocks, it is possible that diel cycle genes play an important role across cnidarian species regardless of the presence or absence of core clock genes under light-dark cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki J. Kanaya
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | | | - Taichi Q. Itoh
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
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11
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Schiemann R, Lammers K, Janz M, Lohmann J, Paululat A, Meyer H. Identification and In Vivo Characterisation of Cardioactive Peptides in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010002. [PMID: 30577424 PMCID: PMC6337577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides and peptide hormones serve as critical regulators of numerous biological processes, including development, growth, reproduction, physiology, and behaviour. In mammals, peptidergic regulatory systems are complex and often involve multiple peptides that act at different levels and relay to different receptors. To improve the mechanistic understanding of such complex systems, invertebrate models in which evolutionarily conserved peptides and receptors regulate similar biological processes but in a less complex manner have emerged as highly valuable. Drosophila melanogaster represents a favoured model for the characterisation of novel peptidergic signalling events and for evaluating the relevance of those events in vivo. In the present study, we analysed a set of neuropeptides and peptide hormones for their ability to modulate cardiac function in semi-intact larval Drosophila melanogaster. We identified numerous peptides that significantly affected heart parameters such as heart rate, systolic and diastolic interval, rhythmicity, and contractility. Thus, peptidergic regulation of the Drosophila heart is not restricted to chronotropic adaptation but also includes inotropic modulation. By specifically interfering with the expression of corresponding peptides in transgenic animals, we assessed the in vivo relevance of the respective peptidergic regulation. Based on the functional conservation of certain peptides throughout the animal kingdom, the identified cardiomodulatory activities may be relevant not only to proper heart function in Drosophila, but also to corresponding processes in vertebrates, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Schiemann
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Kay Lammers
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Maren Janz
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Jana Lohmann
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Achim Paululat
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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12
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Elphick MR, Mirabeau O, Larhammar D. Evolution of neuropeptide signalling systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/3/jeb151092. [PMID: 29440283 PMCID: PMC5818035 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.151092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are a diverse class of neuronal signalling molecules that regulate physiological processes and behaviour in animals. However, determining the relationships and evolutionary origins of the heterogeneous assemblage of neuropeptides identified in a range of phyla has presented a huge challenge for comparative physiologists. Here, we review revolutionary insights into the evolution of neuropeptide signalling that have been obtained recently through comparative analysis of genome/transcriptome sequence data and by ‘deorphanisation’ of neuropeptide receptors. The evolutionary origins of at least 30 neuropeptide signalling systems have been traced to the common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes. Furthermore, two rounds of genome duplication gave rise to an expanded repertoire of neuropeptide signalling systems in the vertebrate lineage, enabling neofunctionalisation and/or subfunctionalisation, but with lineage-specific gene loss and/or additional gene or genome duplications generating complex patterns in the phylogenetic distribution of paralogous neuropeptide signalling systems. We are entering a new era in neuropeptide research where it has become feasible to compare the physiological roles of orthologous and paralogous neuropeptides in a wide range of phyla. Moreover, the ambitious mission to reconstruct the evolution of neuropeptide function in the animal kingdom now represents a tangible challenge for the future. Summary: A review of the revolutionary advances in our knowledge of the evolution of neuropeptide signalling systems that have been enabled by comparative genomics and neuropeptide receptor deorphanisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice R Elphick
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Olivier Mirabeau
- Genetics and Biology of Cancers Unit, Institut Curie, INSERM U830, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Dan Larhammar
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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Takeda N, Kon Y, Quiroga Artigas G, Lapébie P, Barreau C, Koizumi O, Kishimoto T, Tachibana K, Houliston E, Deguchi R. Identification of jellyfish neuropeptides that act directly as oocyte maturation-inducing hormones. Development 2018; 145:dev.156786. [PMID: 29358214 DOI: 10.1242/dev.156786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte meiotic maturation is crucial for sexually reproducing animals, and its core cytoplasmic regulators are highly conserved between species. By contrast, the few known maturation-inducing hormones (MIHs) that act on oocytes to initiate this process are highly variable in their molecular nature. Using the hydrozoan jellyfish species Clytia and Cladonema, which undergo oocyte maturation in response to dark-light and light-dark transitions, respectively, we deduced amidated tetrapeptide sequences from gonad transcriptome data and found that synthetic peptides could induce maturation of isolated oocytes at nanomolar concentrations. Antibody preabsorption experiments conclusively demonstrated that these W/RPRPamide-related neuropeptides account for endogenous MIH activity produced by isolated gonads. We show that the MIH peptides are synthesised by neural-type cells in the gonad, are released following dark-light/light-dark transitions, and probably act on the oocyte surface. They are produced by male as well as female jellyfish and can trigger both sperm and egg release, suggesting a role in spawning coordination. We propose an evolutionary link between hydrozoan MIHs and the neuropeptide hormones that regulate reproduction upstream of MIHs in bilaterian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyo Takeda
- Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Asamushi, Aomori 039-3501, Japan.,Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yota Kon
- Department of Biology, Miyagi University of Education, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Gonzalo Quiroga Artigas
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Pascal Lapébie
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Carine Barreau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Osamu Koizumi
- Department of Environmental Science, Fukuoka Women's University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8529, Japan
| | - Takeo Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tachibana
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Evelyn Houliston
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Ryusaku Deguchi
- Department of Biology, Miyagi University of Education, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
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14
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Alzugaray ME, Hernández-Martínez S, Ronderos JR. Somatostatin signaling system as an ancestral mechanism: Myoregulatory activity of an Allatostatin-C peptide in Hydra. Peptides 2016; 82:67-75. [PMID: 27288244 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination of physiological processes requires precise communication between cells. Cellular interactions allow cells to be functionally related, facilitating the maintaining of homeostasis. Neuropeptides functioning as intercellular signals are widely distributed in Metazoa. It is assumed that neuropeptides were the first intercellular transmitters, appearing early during the evolution. In Cnidarians, neuropeptides are mainly involved in neurotransmission, acting directly or indirectly on epithelial muscle cells, and thereby controlling coordinated movements. Allatostatins are a group of chemically unrelated neuropeptides that were originally characterized based on their ability to inhibit juvenil hormone synthesis in insects. Allatostatin-C has pleiotropic functions, acting as myoregulator in several insects. In these studies, we analyzed the myoregulatory effect of Aedes aegypti Allatostatin-C in Hydra sp., a member of the phylum Cnidaria. Allatostatin-C peptide conjugated with Qdots revealed specifically distributed cell populations that respond to the peptide in different regions of hydroids. In vivo physiological assays using Allatostatin-C showed that the peptide induced changes in shape and length in tentacles, peduncle and gastrovascular cavity. The observed changes were dose and time dependent suggesting the physiological nature of the response. Furthermore, at highest doses, Allatostatin-C induced peristaltic movements of the gastrovascular cavity resembling those that occur during feeding. In silico search of putative Allatostatin-C receptors in Cnidaria showed that genomes predict the existence of proteins of the somatostatin/Allatostatin-C receptors family. Altogether, these results suggest that Allatostatin-C has myoregulatory activity in Hydra sp, playing a role in the control of coordinated movements during feeding, indicating that Allatostatin-C/Somatostatin based signaling might be an ancestral mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Alzugaray
- Cátedra Histología y Embriología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCNyM-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Salvador Hernández-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas - Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CISEI-INSP), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rafael Ronderos
- Cátedra Histología y Embriología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FCNyM-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
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Alzugaray ME, Adami ML, Diambra LA, Hernandez-Martinez S, Damborenea C, Noriega FG, Ronderos JR. Allatotropin: an ancestral myotropic neuropeptide involved in feeding. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77520. [PMID: 24143240 PMCID: PMC3797082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-cell interactions are a basic principle for the organization of tissues and organs allowing them to perform integrated functions and to organize themselves spatially and temporally. Peptidic molecules secreted by neurons and epithelial cells play fundamental roles in cell-cell interactions, acting as local neuromodulators, neurohormones, as well as endocrine and paracrine messengers. Allatotropin (AT) is a neuropeptide originally described as a regulator of Juvenile Hormone synthesis, which plays multiple neural, endocrine and myoactive roles in insects and other organisms. Methods A combination of immunohistochemistry using AT-antibodies and AT-Qdot nanocrystal conjugates was used to identify immunoreactive nerve cells containing the peptide and epithelial-muscular cells targeted by AT in Hydraplagiodesmica. Physiological assays using AT and AT- antibodies revealed that while AT stimulated the extrusion of the hypostome in a dose-response fashion in starved hydroids, the activity of hypostome in hydroids challenged with food was blocked by treatments with different doses of AT-antibodies. Conclusions AT antibodies immunolabeled nerve cells in the stalk, pedal disc, tentacles and hypostome. AT-Qdot conjugates recognized epithelial-muscular cell in the same tissues, suggesting the existence of anatomical and functional relationships between these two cell populations. Physiological assays indicated that the AT-like peptide is facilitating food ingestion. Significance Immunochemical, physiological and bioinformatics evidence advocates that AT is an ancestral neuropeptide involved in myoregulatory activities associated with meal ingestion and digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Alzugaray
- Cátedra Histología y Embriología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Universidad Nacional de la Plata (FCNyM -UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariana Laura Adami
- Cátedra Histología y Embriología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Universidad Nacional de la Plata (FCNyM -UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
- División Zoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Universidad Nacional de la Plata (FCNyM-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Luis Anibal Diambra
- Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (CREG-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Salvador Hernandez-Martinez
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CISEI-INSP), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Cristina Damborenea
- División Zoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Universidad Nacional de la Plata (FCNyM-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando Gabriel Noriega
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jorge Rafael Ronderos
- Cátedra Histología y Embriología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Universidad Nacional de la Plata (FCNyM -UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
- Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Universidad Nacional de la Plata (CREG-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Takeda N, Nakajima Y, Koizumi O, Fujisawa T, Takahashi T, Matsumoto M, Deguchi R. Neuropeptides trigger oocyte maturation and subsequent spawning in the hydrozoan jellyfish Cytaeis uchidae. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 80:223-32. [PMID: 23341254 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte maturation and subsequent spawning in hydrozoan jellyfish are generally triggered by light-dark cycles. To examine if the initiation of the maturation process after light stimulus is mediated by neurotransmitters, neuropeptides isolated originally from Hydra magnipapillata were applied to sexually mature female medusae of the hydrozoan jellyfish Cytaeis uchidae. Among the Hydra neuropeptides tested, Hym-53 (NPYPGLW-NH2 ), as well as a nonphysiological peptide, CGLWamide (CGLW-NH2 ), were most effective in inducing oocyte maturation and spawning. Hym-355 (FPQSFLPRG-NH2 ) also triggered these events, but the stimulatory effect was weaker. Since Hym-53-OH (NPYPGLW) and Hym-355-OH (FPQSFLPRG) had no effect, amidation at the C-terminus may be critical for the stimulatory activities of the peptides. Exposure to Hym-53 for 2 min was sufficient to trigger of oocyte maturation, and the spawned eggs were able to be fertilized and to develop normally. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that bundles of axon-like structures that contain dense-core synaptic vesicles and microtubules are present in the ovarian ectodermal epithelium overlying the oocytes. In addition, immunohistological analyses revealed that some of the neurons in the ectodermal epithelium are GLWamide- and PRGamide-positive. These results suggest that a neuropeptide signal transduction pathway is involved in mediating the induction of oocyte maturation and spawning in this jellyfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyo Takeda
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
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De Loof A, Lindemans M, Liu F, De Groef B, Schoofs L. Endocrine archeology: do insects retain ancestrally inherited counterparts of the vertebrate releasing hormones GnRH, GHRH, TRH, and CRF? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 177:18-27. [PMID: 22402582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate releasing hormones include gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRF), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). They are synthesized in the hypothalamus and stimulate the release of pituitary hormones. Here we review the knowledge on hormone releasing systems in the protostomian lineage. We address the question: do insects have peptides that may be phylogenetically related to an ancestral GnRH, GHRH, TRH, and CRF? Such endocrine archeology has become possible thanks to the growing list of fully sequenced genomes as well as to the continuously improving bioinformatic tool set. It has recently been shown that the ecdysozoan (nematodes and arthropods) adipokinetic hormones (AKHs), the lophotrochozoan (annelids and mollusks) GnRHs as well as the protochordate GnRHs are structurally related. The adipokinetic hormone precursor-related peptides (APRPs), in locusts encoded by the same gene that contains the AKH-coding region, have been forwarded as the structural counterpart of GHRH of vertebrates. CRF is relatively well conserved in insects, in which it functions as a diuretic hormone. Members of TRH-receptor family seem to have been conserved in some arthropods, but other elements of the thyroid hormone signaling system are not. A challenging idea is that in insects the functions of the thyroid hormones were taken over by juvenile hormone (JH). Our reconstruction suggests that, perhaps, the ancestral releasing hormone precursors played a role in controlling energy metabolism and water balance, and that releasing hormone functions as present in extant vertebrates were probably secondarily acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold De Loof
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium.
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Voolstra CR, Schwarz JA, Schnetzer J, Sunagawa S, Desalvo MK, Szmant AM, Coffroth MA, Medina M. The host transcriptome remains unaltered during the establishment of coral-algal symbioses. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:1823-33. [PMID: 19317843 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Coral reefs are based on the symbiotic relationship between corals and photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium. We followed gene expression of coral larvae of Acropora palmata and Montastraea faveolata after exposure to Symbiodinium strains that differed in their ability to establish symbioses. We show that the coral host transcriptome remains almost unchanged during infection by competent symbionts, but is massively altered by symbionts that fail to establish symbioses. Our data suggest that successful coral-algal symbioses depend mainly on the symbionts' ability to enter the host in a stealth manner rather than a more active response from the coral host.
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