1
|
Abo Zaid MH, El-Enany N, Mostafa AE, Hadad GM, Belal F. Estimation of Two Diuretics Using Fluorescent Nitrogen Doped Carbon Quantum Dots: Application to Spiked Human Plasma and Tablets. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:2209-2218. [PMID: 37000365 PMCID: PMC10640469 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Highly fluorescent nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were prepared by a single-step method based on microwave heating of cane sugar and urea. The produced N-CQDs were applied as nano-sensors for the spectrofluorimetric determination of eplerenone and spironolactone. A strong emission band at 376 nm was obtained after excitation at 216 nm due to the produced N-CQDs. The native fluorescence of N-CQDs was obviously quenched upon adding increased concentrations of each drug. A strong correlation was found between the fluorescence quenching of N-CQDs and the concentration of each drug. The method was found to be linear over the range of 0.5 to 5.0 μg/mL for eplerenone and 0.5 to 6.0 μg/mL for spironolactone with LOQ of 0.383 μg/mL and 0.262 μg/mL. The developed method was further extended for determination of both drugs in their pharmaceutical tablets and spiked human plasma. The results obtained were statistically compared with those of reported methods. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching of N-CQDs by the two drugs was discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona H Abo Zaid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, 35712, Egypt.
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Nahed El-Enany
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura, 7723730, Egypt
| | - Aziza E Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Hadad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hinge MA, Patel D. Optimization of HPLC method using central composite design for estimation of Torsemide and Eplerenone in tablet dosage form. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
3
|
Abd-Elhakeem E, El-Nabarawi M, Shamma R. Lipid-based nano-formulation platform for eplerenone oral delivery as a potential treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: in-vitro optimization and ex-vivo assessment. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:642-654. [PMID: 33787445 PMCID: PMC8023249 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1902023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Eplerenone (EPL) is a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist used for treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy which characterized by accumulation of subretinal fluid causing a localized area of retinal detachment. unfortunately, EPL suffers from poor oral bioavailability due to poor aqueous solubility in addition to high hepatic first pass metabolism. Method Aiming to improve its oral bioavailability, EPL-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared by the emulsification solvent evaporation method and in-vitro evaluated for particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and entrapment efficiency (EE%). A D-optimal design was used for study the effect of liquid lipid to solid lipid ratio, surfactant type and percentage on PS, PDI, EE%, and for data optimization. The optimized EPL-loaded NLCs system was further evaluated using in-vitro drug release and ex-vivo permeation studies through rabbit intestine in comparison to EPL aqueous suspension. The physicochemical properties of the drug in the optimized system were further examined using FT-IR and X-ray diffraction studies. Results The resultant NLCs showed small PS (100.85–346.60 nm), homogenous distribution (0.173–0.624), negatively charged particles (ZP −20.20 to −36.75 mV), in addition to EE% (34.31–70.64%). The optimized EPL-loaded NLCs system with a desirability value of 0.905 was suggested through the Design expert® software, containing liquid to solid lipid ratio (2:1) in presence of 0.43%w/v Pluronic® F127 as a surfactant. The optimized EPL-loaded NLCs system showed a PS of 134 nm and PDI of 0.31, in addition to high EE% (76 ± 6.56%w/w), and ZP (-32.37 mV). The ex-vivo permeation study showed two-fold higher drug permeation through rabbit intestine compared to that from the aqueous drug suspension after 24 h, confirming the ability of optimized EPL-loaded NLCs system as successful oral targeting delivery carrier. Conclusion Our results pave the way for a new oral nanotherapeutic approach toward CSCR treatment. In-vivo study is currently under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abd-Elhakeem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Belal F, Mabrouk M, Hammad S, Barseem A, Ahmed H. A Novel Eplerenone Ecofriendly Fluorescent Nanosensor Based on Nitrogen and Sulfur-Carbon Quantum Dots. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:85-90. [PMID: 33074428 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel ecofriendly optical nanosensor for detection of Eplerenone (EPL) in biological samples was reported. Highly luminescent water-soluble nitrogen and sulfur doped carbon quantum dots (N, S-CQDs) have been prepared successfully. The synthesis was based on the reaction of thiosemicarbazide (TS) as source of N and S and citric acid (CA) as source of carbon in one-step aqueous base reflux treatment. The produced N, S-CQDs have a small particle size in the range of 4.7 nm with a high quantum yield (58.5%) and high emission intensity at 446 nm under excitation wavelength of 370 nm. The unique properties of N, S-CQDs make them useful tool as a nano fluorescent probe for sensitive determination of EPL. EPL has been found to decrease the fluorescence of S, N-CDs significantly through static quenching according to the Stern - Volmer plot. The decreased intensity of S, N-CDs fluorescence was proportional to EPL in the 0.2-3.0 μM range. The limit of detection and quantitation were 0.05 and 0.15 μM, respectively. The assay of EPL by this approach was successfully done in drug formulations and in spiked human serum samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fathalla Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar Mabrouk
- Department of pharmaceutical analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherin Hammad
- Department of pharmaceutical analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Aya Barseem
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Hytham Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Filip K, Łaszcz M, Leś A, Chmiel J. Process-related impurities of eplerenone: determination and characterisation by HPLC methods and Raman spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:466-476. [PMID: 30048894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel high-performance liquid chromatography methods for the determination of process-related impurities of eplerenone drug substance and the designated starting material were developed and validated. Process impurities, including stereoisomers of eplerenone and the intermediate, were controlled using a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm; particle size 5 μm), under gradient conditions. Simple mobile phases: water and acetonitrile, as well as a PDA detector set at 240 nm were used. In order to control the stereochemical purity of the starting material (SM) in the eplerenone synthesis the polysaccharide-based Kromasil 5-AmyCoat chiral stationary phase was applied. To confirm the identity of the process-related impurities (nine compounds) Raman Spectroscopy (RS), as a fast and convenient method, was applied. Differences in the wavenumbers of CC and CO stretching vibrations were the most distinctive features for the identification by means of RS. The bands assignment was supported by quantum mechanical computations. For one pair of the epimers containing the hydroxyl group the O-H…O bond geometry was correlated with the wavenumbers of stretching vibrations of this group. Wherever possible, experimental results were compared with literature data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Filip
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Łaszcz
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Leś
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Justyna Chmiel
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rezk MR, Badr KA. Quantification of amlodipine and atorvastatin in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS method and its application to a bioequivalence study. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4224. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh R. Rezk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Kamal A. Badr
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Deraya University; Egypt
- Advanced Research Center; Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Du M, Pan C, Chen J, Song M, Zhu T, Hang T. A validated stability-indicating ultra performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of potential process-related impurities in eplerenone. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2907-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingluo Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Taijun Hang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rezk MR, Badr KA. Development, optimization and validation of a highly sensitive UPLC–ESI-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of amlodipine, benazeprile and benazeprilat in human plasma: Application to a bioequivalence study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 98:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
9
|
The influence of ionizing radiation, temperature, and light on eplerenone in the solid state. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:571376. [PMID: 25162016 PMCID: PMC4137688 DOI: 10.1155/2014/571376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eplerenone was subjected to the influence of ionizing radiation in the form of a high-energy electron beam (25–400 kGy), high temperature (90°C RH 0% and 60°C RH 76.4%), and light (6 mln lux h). An HPLC method was used to determine the content of eplerenone and to establish the impurity profile of all samples. As eplerenone was found to be a compound of great resistance to the above stress factors with the exception of high doses of ionizing radiation (≥200 kGy) when its degradation was above 1%, it is possible to sterilize eplerenone by radiation method with the standard dose of 25 kGy. Based on the analysis of impurities and degradation products, the mechanism of radiodegradation was demonstrated to differ from the mechanisms of photo- and thermodegradation. The observation that the DSC curves for the nondegraded and degraded samples of eplerenone were significantly different only under exposure to the electron beam confirmed the applicability of DSC for studies of radiolytic degradation of eplerenone.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sonawane S, Gide P. STUDY ON APPROACHES TO EXPEDITE AND SIMPLIFY FORCED DEGRADATION OF EPLERENONE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.717054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sonawane
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , MET's Institute of Pharmacy, MET League of Colleges , Bhujbal Knowledge City , Nashik, Maharashtra , India
| | - Paraag Gide
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , MET's Institute of Pharmacy, MET League of Colleges , Bhujbal Knowledge City , Nashik, Maharashtra , India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sudhakar Babu K, Madireddy V, Indukuri VS. Degradation Pathway for Eplerenone by Validated Stability Indicating UP-LC Method. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2012; 2012:251247. [PMID: 23097723 PMCID: PMC3477670 DOI: 10.5402/2012/251247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Degradation pathway for eplerenone is established as per ICH recommendations by validated and stability-indicating reverse phase liquid chromatographic method. Eplerenone is subjected to stress conditions of acid, base, oxidation, and thermal and photolysis. Significant degradation is observed in acid and base stress conditions. Four impurities are studied and the major degradant (RRT about 0.31) was identified by LC-MS and spectral analysis. The stress samples are assayed against a qualified reference standard and the mass balance is found close to 99.5%. Efficient chromatographic separation is achieved on a Waters symmetry C18 stationary phase with simple mobile phase combination delivered in gradient mode and quantification is carried at 240 nm at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. In the developed LC method the resolution between eplerenone and four potential impurities (imp-1, imp-2, imp-3, and imp-4) is found to be greater than 4.0. Regression analysis shows an r value (correlation coefficient) of greater than 0.999 for eplerenone and four potential impurities. This method is capable to detect the impurities of eplerenone at a level of 0.020% with respect to test concentration of 1.0 mg mL−1 for a 20 μL injection volume. The developed UPLC method is validated with respect to specificity, linearity and range, accuracy, precision, and robustness for impurities and assay determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kondru Sudhakar Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515003, Andhra Pradesh 515003, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gide P, Sonawane S, Chitnis A. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for estimation of eplerenone in spiked human plasma. J Pharm Anal 2012; 2:390-393. [PMID: 29403773 PMCID: PMC5760755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and simple high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with a UV detection (241 nm) was developed and validated for estimation of eplerenone from spiked human plasma. The analyte and the internal standard (valdecoxib) were extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane and diethyl ether. The chromatographic separation was performed on a HiQSil C-18HS column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile:water (50:50, v/v) at flow rate of 1 mL/min. The calibration curve was linear in the range 100–3200 ng/mL and the heteroscedasticity was minimized by using weighted least squares regression with weighting factor 1/X.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paraag Gide
- MET's Institute of Pharmacy, MET League of Colleges, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Nashik 422003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandeep Sonawane
- MET's Institute of Pharmacy, MET League of Colleges, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Nashik 422003, Maharashtra, India
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 253 2555860; fax: +91 253 2303230.
| | - Abhishek Chitnis
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Administration, University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bonfilio R, Cazedey ECL, Araújo MBD, Nunes Salgado HR. Analytical Validation of Quantitative High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods in Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Practical Approach. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2012.630926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
14
|
Sonawane S, Gide P. AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN APPROACH FOR THE FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF A STABILITY-INDICATING LC METHOD FOR EPLERENONE IN TABLETS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.582913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sonawane
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, MET's Institute of Pharmacy, MET League of Colleges, Bhujbal Knowledge City , Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Paraag Gide
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, MET's Institute of Pharmacy, MET League of Colleges, Bhujbal Knowledge City , Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Advances in the analysis of steroid hormone drugs in pharmaceuticals and environmental samples (2004–2010). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:728-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|