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High-performance thin-layer chromatography evaluation of the counterfeiting of vanilla flavoring. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-022-00179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rapid Sample Screening Method for Authenticity Controlling of Vanilla Flavours Using Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection Using Aluminium-Doped Zirconia Nanoparticles-Modified Electrode. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092915. [PMID: 35566264 PMCID: PMC9105493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive technique for frauds determination in vanilla flavors was developed. The method comprises separation by liquid chromatography followed by an electrochemical detection using a homemade screen-printed carbon electrode modified with aluminium-doped zirconia nanoparticles (Al-ZrO2-NPs/SPCE). The prepared nanomaterials (Al-ZrO2-NPs) were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). This method allows for the determination of six phenolic compounds of vanilla flavors, namely, vanillin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillyl alcohol, vanillic acid and ethyl vanillin in a linear range between 0.5 and 25 µg g-1, with relative standard deviation values from 2.89 to 4.76%. Meanwhile, the limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.10 to 0.14 µg g-1 and 0.33 to 0.48 µg g-1, respectively. In addition, the Al-ZrO2-NPs/SPCE method displayed a good reproducibility, high sensitivity, and good selectivity towards the determination of the vanilla phenolic compounds, making it suitable for the determination of vanilla phenolic compounds in vanilla real extracts products.
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Morlock GE, Busso M, Tomeba S, Sighicelli A. Effect-directed profiling of 32 vanilla products, characterization of multi-potent compounds and quantification of vanillin and ethylvanillin. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462377. [PMID: 34271255 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Food testing is of great importance to the food industry and organizations to verify the authenticity claims, to prove the quality of raw materials and products, and to ensure food safety. The market prices of vanilla differed by a factor of about 20 in the last three decades. Therefore the risk of adulteration and counterfeiting of vanilla products is high. Instead of commonly used target analyses and sum parameter assays, a complementary non-target multi-imaging effect-directed screening was developed, which provided a new perspective on the wide range of vanilla product qualities on the market. Planar chromatography was combined with effect-directed assays, and the obtained biological and biochemical profiles of 32 vanilla products from nine different categories revealed a variety of active ingredients. Depending on the region, typical vanilla product profiles and activity patterns were obtained for pods, tinctures, paste (inner part), oleoresin and powders. However, some vanilla products showed additional active compounds and a different intensity pattern. The vanilla product profiles substantially differed from those of vanilla aroma or products containing synthetic vanillin or vanilla-flavored food products. Bioactive compounds of interest were online eluted and further characterized via HPTLC-HRMS, which allowed their tentative assignment. After purchase of the standards, these were successfully confirmed by co-chromatography. Quantification of vanillin across nine different product categories revealed levels ranging from 1 µg/g to 36 mg/g with a mean repeatability of 1.9%. The synthetic ethylvanillin was not detected in the investigated samples in significant concentrations. The assessment of differences in the activity patterns pointed to highly active compounds, which were not detected at UV/Vis/FLD but first via the biological and enzymatic assays. This effect-directed profiling bridges the gap from analytical food chemistry to food toxicology, and thus, makes an important contribution to consumer safety. In the same way, it would accelerate investigations for Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - M Busso
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; On leave from Università degli Studi di Milano, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie e Alimentari, Via Giovanni Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S Tomeba
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; On leave from Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Facoltà di Farmacia, Via Giuseppe Campi 203, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - A Sighicelli
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; On leave from Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Facoltà di Farmacia, Via Giuseppe Campi 203, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Tornero-Martínez A, Cruz-Ortiz R, Jaramillo-Flores ME, Osorio-Díaz P, Ávila-Reyes SV, Alvarado-Jasso GM, Mora-Escobedo R. In vitro Fermentation of Polysaccharides from Aloe vera and the Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids. Molecules 2019; 24:E3605. [PMID: 31591306 PMCID: PMC6803901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble or fermentable fibre has prebiotic effects that can be used in the food industry to modify the composition of microbiota species to benefit human health. Prebiotics mostly target Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains, among others, which can fight against chronic diseases since colonic fermentation produces short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The present work studied the changes produced in the fibre and polyphenolic compounds during in vitro digestion of gel (AV) and a polysaccharide extract (AP) from Aloe vera, after which, these fractions were subjected to in vitro colonic fermentation to evaluate the changes in antioxidant capacity and SCFAs production during the fermentation. The results showed that the phenolic compounds increased during digestion, but were reduced in fermentation, as a consequence, the antioxidant activity increased significantly in AV and AP after the digestion. On the other hand, during in vitro colon fermentation, the unfermented fibre of AV and AP responded as lactulose and the total volume of gas produced, which indicates the possible use of Aloe vera and polysaccharide extract as prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tornero-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB, Campus Zacatenco. Miguel Othón de Mendizábal 699, Alcaldía G.A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07360, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Rubén Cruz-Ortiz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB, Campus Zacatenco. Miguel Othón de Mendizábal 699, Alcaldía G.A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07360, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - María Eugenia Jaramillo-Flores
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB, Campus Zacatenco. Miguel Othón de Mendizábal 699, Alcaldía G.A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07360, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Perla Osorio-Díaz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, Yautepec C.P. 62731, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Sandra Victoria Ávila-Reyes
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, Yautepec C.P. 62731, Morelos, Mexico.
- CONACYT-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, Yautepec C.P. 62731, Morelos, Mexico.
| | | | - Rosalva Mora-Escobedo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB, Campus Zacatenco. Miguel Othón de Mendizábal 699, Alcaldía G.A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07360, CDMX, Mexico.
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Kuznetsov A, Komarova N, Andrianova M, Grudtsov V, Kuznetsov E. Aptamer based vanillin sensor using an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 185:3. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kumar A, Maurya AK, Chand G, Agnihotri VK. Comparative metabolic profiling of Costus speciosus leaves and rhizomes using NMR, GC-MS and UPLC/ESI-MS/MS. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:826-833. [PMID: 28814124 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1365069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Costus speciosus had been used in oriental systems of medicines, to treat diverse ailments. The present study was focused on NMR, GC-MS and UPLC/ESI-MS/MS-based metabolic profiling of C. speciosus. This metabolic study resulted in the identification of 91 and quantification of 69 metabolites. Caffeic acid derivatives previously unreported in C. speciosus were also identified. High quantity of steroidal saponins namely methyl protogracillin (297.97 ± 0.07 mg/g dried wt.) and dioscin (158.72 ± 0.27 mg/g dried wt.) were observed in butanol fraction of rhizomes. Health care metabolites including caffeic acid (37.88 ± 0.04 mg/g dried wt.) and trehalose (75.12 ± 0.08 mg/g dried wt.) were also detected in ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of rhizomes, respectively. Metabolites of nutraceutical and biological significance including eremanthine (5.14 ± 0.68%, peak area), tocopherols (~22%), sterols (~25%) were also identified from hexane fractions of rhizomes and leaves using GC-MS. The analytical techniques used had successfully differentiated metabolites composition among leaves and rhizomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- a Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , India.,b Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division , CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , India
| | - Antim K Maurya
- b Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division , CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , India
| | - Gopi Chand
- c Biodiversity Division , CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , India
| | - Vijai K Agnihotri
- a Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , India.,b Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division , CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , India
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Abstract
AbstractThe most important advances in planar chromatography published between November 1, 2011 and November 1, 2013 are reviewed in this paper. Included are an introduction to the current status of the field; student experiments, books, and reviews; theory and fundamental studies; apparatus and techniques for sample preparation and TLC separations (sample application and plate development with the mobile phase); detection and identification of separated zones (chemical and biological detection, TLC/mass spectrometry, and TLC coupled with other spectrometric methods); techniques and instruments for quantitative analysis; preparative layer chromatography; and thin layer radiochromatography. Numerous applications to a great number of compound types and sample matrices are presented in all sections of the review.
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