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Czigany Z, Hata K, Lai W, Schwandt T, Yamamoto Y, Uemoto S, Tolba RH. A Dual Protective Effect of Intestinal Remote Ischemic Conditioning in a Rat Model of Total Hepatic Ischemia. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101546. [PMID: 31561505 PMCID: PMC6832347 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intestinal remote ischemic preconditioning (iRIC) on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and gut barrier integrity in a rat model of total hepatic ischemia (THI). Male Wistar rats (n = 50; 250–300 g) were randomly allocated into two experimental groups: RIC/Control. Thirty minutes of THI was induced by clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament. iRIC was applied as 4-min of ischemia followed by 11-min of reperfusion by clamping the superior mesenteric artery. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 6, 24 h post-reperfusion (n = 5/group/timepoint). RIC of the gut significantly improved microcirculation of the ileum and the liver. Tissue ATP-levels were higher following iRIC (Liver: 1.34 ± 0.12 vs. 0.97 ± 0.20 μmol/g, p = 0.04) and hepatocellular injury was reduced significantly (ALT: 2409 ± 447 vs. 6613 ± 1117 IU/L, p = 0.003). Systemic- and portal venous IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels were markedly lower following iRIC, demonstrating a reduced inflammatory response. iRIC led to a structural and functional preservation of the intestinal barrier. These results suggest that iRIC might confer a potent protection against the detrimental effects of THI in rats via reducing IRI and systemic inflammatory responses and at the same time by mitigating the dramatic consequences of severe intestinal congestion and bacterial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Czigany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Koichiro Hata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Wei Lai
- Organ Transplantation Department, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Timo Schwandt
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology (IMMEI), University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Yuzo Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Rene H Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Li DY, Liu WT, Wang GY, Shi XJ. Impact of combined ischemic preconditioning and remote ischemic perconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion injury after liver transplantation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17979. [PMID: 30568237 PMCID: PMC6299280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPer) confer protective effects against liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but data about RIPer applying in liver transplantation is lacking. The study aimed to evaluate whether the combination of IPC and RIPer provides reinforced protective effects. C57BL/6 mice (160 pairs) were allocated into four groups: control, subjected to liver transplantation only; IPC, donor hilar was clamped for 10 min followed by 15 min of reperfusion; RIPer, three cycles of occlusion (5 min) and opening (5 min) of femoral vascular bundle were performed before reperfusion; IPC + RIPer, donors and recipients were subjected to IPC and RIPer respectively. Liver tissues were obtained for histological evaluation, TUNEL staining, malondialdehyde assays, GSH-Px assays, and NF-κB p65 protein and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA analyses. Blood samples were used to evaluate ALT, AST, TNF-α, NOx levels and flow cytometry. We found that protective efficacy of RIPer is less than IPC in terms of ALT, TNF-α, GSH-Px and NOx at 2 h postoperation, but almost equivalent at 24 h and 72 h postoperation. Except for Suzuki scores, ALT, Bcl-2/Bax mRNA ratio, other indices showed that combined treatment brought enhanced attenuation in IRI, compared with single treatment, through additive effects on antioxidation, anti-apoptosis, modulation of microcirculation disturbance, and inhibition of innate immune response. This study suggested a combined strategy that could enhance protection against IRI in clinical liver transplantation, otherwise, provided a hint that RIPer's mechanism might be partly or totally different from IPC in humoral pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Wen-Tao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Guang-Yi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Norman Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ju Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Norman Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
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Czigany Z, Bleilevens C, Beckers C, Stoppe C, Möhring M, Fülöp A, Szijarto A, Lurje G, Neumann UP, Tolba RH. Limb remote ischemic conditioning of the recipient protects the liver in a rat model of arterialized orthotopic liver transplantation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195507. [PMID: 29617450 PMCID: PMC5884561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic-reperfusion (IR) injury still represents a major concern in clinical transplantation, especially in the era of extreme organ shortage and extended criteria donor organs. In the present study we aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) in a rat model of arterialized orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods Male Lewis rats were used (n = 144 / 72 OLT cases; 240–340g) as donors and recipients. Livers were flushed and stored in 4°C HTK-solution for 8h before implantation. Recipients were randomly allocated into three experimental groups: RIC 1, RIC 2, Control. In RIC 1, RIC 2 groups, RIC was applied in the recipient before hepatectomy or after reperfusion (4x5-5min IR via clamping the infrarenal aorta), respectively. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 24, 168h post-reperfusion (n = 6 recipient/group/time point). Hepatocellular injury, graft circulation, serum cytokines, tissue redox-stress and adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) levels have been assessed. Additional markers were analyzed, using Western blotting and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results RIC 1 group showed significantly (p<0.05) improved portal venous and microcirculation flow as well as velocity. RIC has significantly reduced tissue injury according to the serum levels of transaminases and results of histopathological evaluation. Reduced TUNEL-staining (p<0.01 RIC 1–2 vs. Control) and elevated pBAD/BAD ratio was detected in the RIC groups (p<0.01 RIC 1 vs. Control). Supporting findings were obtained from measurements of serum IL-10 as well as tissue malondialdehyde and ATP levels. Hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA-expression was significantly higher in RIC 1 compared to Control (p<0.05 RIC 1 vs. Control). Conclusion These results suggest that RIC might confer potent protection against the detrimental effects of IR injury including tissue damage, apoptosis, graft circulation, inflammation, tissue energetic status in OLT. HO-1 overexpression might play an orchestrating role in RIC mediated organ protection. An earlier intervention (RIC 1 protocol) was more effective than remote conditioning after graft reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Czigany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Christian Beckers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michaela Möhring
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andras Fülöp
- HPB Research Center, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szijarto
- HPB Research Center, 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| | - Georg Lurje
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P. Neumann
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - René H. Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Jia J, Li J, Jiang L, Zhang J, Chen S, Wang L, Zhou Y, Xie H, Zhou L, Zheng S. Protective effect of remote limb ischemic perconditioning on the liver grafts of rats with a novel model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121972. [PMID: 25785455 PMCID: PMC4364967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a known manual conditioning to decrease ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) but not increase ischemic time. Here we tried to establish a rat RIC model of liver transplantation (LT), optimize the applicable protocols and investigate the protective mechanism. Methods The RIC model was developed by a standard tourniquet. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly to the sham operated control (N), standard rat liver transplantation (OLT) and RIC groups. According to the different protocols, RIC group was divided into 3 subgroups (10min×3, n = 6; 5min×3, n = 6; 1min×3, n = 6)respectively. Serum transaminases (ALT, AST), creatine kinase (CK), histopathologic changes, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and expressions of p-Akt were evaluated. Results Compared with the OLT group, the grafts subjected to RIC 5min*3 algorithm showed significant reduction of morphological damage and improved the graft function. Also, production of reactive oxygen species (MDA) and neutrophil accumulation (MPO) were markedly depressed and p-Akt was upregulated. Conclusion In conclusion, we successfully established a novel model of RIC in rat LT, the optimal RIC 5min*3 algorithm seemed to be more efficient to alleviate IRI of the liver graft in both functional and morphological categories, which due to its antioxidative, anti-inflammation activities and activating PI3K Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Jia JJ, Li JH, Jiang L, Lin BY, Wang L, Su R, Zhou L, Zheng SS. Liver protection strategies in liver transplantation. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2015; 14:34-42. [PMID: 25655288 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(15)60332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is the therapy of choice for patients with end-stage liver diseases. However, the gap between the low availability of organs and high demand is continuously increasing. Innovative strategies for organ protection are necessary to expand donor pool and to achieve better outcomes for liver transplantation. The present review analyzed and compared various strategies of liver protection. DATA SOURCES Databases such as PubMed, Embase and Ovid were searched for the literature related to donor liver protection strategies using following key words: "ischemia reperfusion injury", "graft preservation", "liver transplantation", "machine perfusion" and "conditioning". Of the 146 studies identified, only those with cutting edge strategies were analyzed. RESULTS A variety of therapeutic approaches were proposed to alleviate graft ischemia/reperfusion injury, which included static cold storage, machine perfusion (hypothermic, normothermic and subnormothermic), manual conditioning (pre, post and remote), and pharmacological conditioning. Evidences from animal experiments and clinical trials suggested that all these strategies could potentially protect liver graft; however, their clinical applications are limited partially due to their own disadvantages. CONCLUSIONS There are a plenty of methods suggested to decrease the degree of donor liver transplantation-related injury. However, none of these approaches is perfect in clinical practice. More translational researches (molecular and clinical studies) are needed to improve the techniques in liver graft protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Czigány Z, Turóczi Z, Kleiner D, Lotz G, Homeyer A, Harsányi L, Szijártó A. Neural elements behind the hepatoprotection of remote perconditioning. J Surg Res 2014; 193:642-51. [PMID: 25266602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPER) to protect the liver from ischemic-reperfusion (IR) injury has been reported before; however, the mechanism behind the positive effects of RIPER remains unrevealed. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential role of neural elements to transfer protective signals evoked by perconditioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into six groups (sham, IR, RIPER ± denervation; n = 7 per group). Half of the animals underwent left femoral and sciatic nerve resection. In IR and RIPER groups, normothermic, partial (70%) liver ischemia lasting for 60 min was induced; parallel animals in the RIPER groups received perconditioning treatment (4 × 5 - 5 min IR, left femoral artery clamping). Hepatic microcirculation and systemic blood pressure were monitored during the first postischemic hour. After 24 h of reperfusion, liver samples were taken for histology and redox-state analysis. Automated image analysis software was used for necrosis quantification. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin levels were measured. RESULTS Microcirculation and blood pressure showed significant improvement during reperfusion after perconditioning. This phenomenon was completely abolished by nerve resection (P < 0.05; RIPER versus IR, IR + denervation, and RIPER + denervation). Results of necrosis quantification showed similar pattern. Besides noncharacteristic changes in aspartate aminotransferase levels, alanine aminotransferase values were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the RIPER group compared with the other IR groups. Mild but significant alterations were observed in liver function assessed by total bilirubin levels. Further supporting results were obtained from analysis of redox homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Perconditioning was able to reduce liver IR injury in our model via a mechanism most probably involving interorgan neural pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Czigány
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Turóczi
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dénes Kleiner
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Lotz
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - André Homeyer
- Fraunhofer MEVIS, Institute for Medical Image Computing, Bremen, Germany
| | - László Harsányi
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szijártó
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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