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Li F, Wang L, Cai Y, Luo Y, Shi X. Safety assessment of desaminotyrosine: Acute, subchronic oral toxicity, and its effects on intestinal microbiota in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 417:115464. [PMID: 33636197 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the acute and subchronic toxicities of desaminotyrosine (DAT) by oral administration in SD rats and its effects on the intestinal microflora were investigated. The acute toxicity test showed that DAT is a low-toxic substance with a LD50 of 3129 mg/kg. The subchronic toxicity test showed that DAT has no toxicity at a low dose (125 mg/kg/day). However, DAT exhibited obvious toxicities to food intake, liver, kidney, and lung at higher dose (250 mg/kg/day and 500 mg/kg/day). DAT inhibited the food intake of rats in a dose-dependent manner. Serum biochemical analysis showed that DAT can increase the serum glucose level of rats. Fecal microbiota analysis showed that DAT treatment can significantly change the intestinal microflora of rats, the dose of 125 mg/kg/day has the most significant effect on the diversity of intestinal microbiota. In daily application, the side effects caused by DAT might be gastrointestinal irritation, weight loss, liver or kidney injury, and blood sugar elevation. Based on our study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of DAT is 125 mg/kg BW/day for rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yilei Cai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yihuo Luo
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xianai Shi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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Krüger-Genge A, Hauser S, Neffe AT, Liu Y, Lendlein A, Pietzsch J, Jung F. Response of Endothelial Cells to Gelatin-Based Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:527-540. [PMID: 33496571 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of confluent endothelial cell (EC) monolayers on implanted materials has been identified as a concept to avoid thrombus formation but is a continuous challenge in cardiovascular device engineering. Here, material properties of gelatin-based hydrogels obtained by reacting gelatin with varying amounts of lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester were correlated with the functional state of hydrogel contacting venous EC (HUVEC) and HUVEC's ability to form a monolayer on these hydrogels. The density of adherent HUVEC on the softest hydrogel at 37 °C (G' = 1.02 kPa, E = 1.1 ± 0.3 kPa) was significantly lower (125 mm-1) than on the stiffer hydrogels (920 mm-1; G' = 2.515 and 5.02 kPa, E = 4.8 ± 0.8 and 10.3 ± 1.2 kPa). This was accompanied by increased matrix metalloprotease activity (9 pmol·min-2 compared to 0.6 pmol·min-2) and stress fiber formation, while cell-to-cell contacts were comparable. Likewise, release of eicosanoids (e.g., prostacyclin release of 1.7 vs 0.2 pg·mL-1·cell-1) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine MCP-1 (8 vs <1.5 pg·mL-1·cell-1) was higher on the softer than on the stiffer hydrogels. The expressions of pro-inflammatory markers COX-2, COX-1, and RAGE were slightly increased on all hydrogels on day 2 (up to 200% of the control), indicating a weak inflammation; however, the levels dropped to below the control from day 6. The study revealed that hydrogels with higher moduli approached the status of a functionally confluent HUVEC monolayer. The results indicate the promising potential especially of the discussed gelatin-based hydrogels with higher G' as biomaterials for implants foreseen for the venous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Krüger-Genge
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel T Neffe
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Friedrich Jung
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
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Julich-Gruner KK, Roch T, Ma N, Neffe AT, Lendlein A. Synthesis and characterization of star-shaped oligo(ethylene glycol) with tyrosine derived moieties under variation of their molecular weight. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2015; 60:13-23. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-151938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze K. Julich-Gruner
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Toralf Roch
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
- Department of Biology, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel T. Neffe
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
- Department of Biology, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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