1
|
Benalaya I, Alves G, Lopes J, Silva LR. A Review of Natural Polysaccharides: Sources, Characteristics, Properties, Food, and Pharmaceutical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1322. [PMID: 38279323 PMCID: PMC10816883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides, which are described in this study, are some of the most extensively used biopolymers in food, pharmaceutical, and medical applications, because they are renewable and have a high level of biocompatibility and biodegradability. The fundamental understanding required to properly exploit polysaccharides potential in the biocomposite, nanoconjugate, and pharmaceutical industries depends on detailed research of these molecules. Polysaccharides are preferred over other polymers because of their biocompatibility, bioactivity, homogeneity, and bioadhesive properties. Natural polysaccharides have also been discovered to have excellent rheological and biomucoadhesive properties, which may be used to design and create a variety of useful and cost-effective drug delivery systems. Polysaccharide-based composites derived from natural sources have been widely exploited due to their multifunctional properties, particularly in drug delivery systems and biomedical applications. These materials have achieved global attention and are in great demand because to their biochemical properties, which mimic both human and animal cells. Although synthetic polymers account for a substantial amount of organic chemistry, natural polymers play a vital role in a range of industries, including biomedical, pharmaceutical, and construction. As a consequence, the current study will provide information on natural polymers, their biological uses, and food and pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikbel Benalaya
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilha, Portugal; (I.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilha, Portugal; (I.B.); (G.A.)
| | - João Lopes
- iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilha, Portugal; (I.B.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pólo II—Pinhal de Marrocos, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gigante V, Aliotta L, Ascrizzi R, Pistelli L, Zinnai A, Batoni G, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A. Innovative Biobased and Sustainable Polymer Packaging Solutions for Extending Bread Shelf Life: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4700. [PMID: 38139951 PMCID: PMC10747240 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable packaging has been steadily gaining prominence within the food industry, with biobased materials emerging as a promising substitute for conventional petroleum-derived plastics. This review is dedicated to the examination of innovative biobased materials in the context of bread packaging. It aims to furnish a comprehensive survey of recent discoveries, fundamental properties, and potential applications. Commencing with an examination of the challenges posed by various bread types and the imperative of extending shelf life, the review underscores the beneficial role of biopolymers as internal coatings or external layers in preserving product freshness while upholding structural integrity. Furthermore, the introduction of biocomposites, resulting from the amalgamation of biopolymers with active biomolecules, fortifies barrier properties, thus shielding bread from moisture, oxygen, and external influences. The review also addresses the associated challenges and opportunities in utilizing biobased materials for bread packaging, accentuating the ongoing requirement for research and innovation to create advanced materials that ensure product integrity while diminishing the environmental footprint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.-B.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.-B.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Roberta Ascrizzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.-B.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.-B.C.); (A.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rani GM, Pathania D, Umapathi R, Rustagi S, Huh YS, Gupta VK, Kaushik A, Chaudhary V. Agro-waste to sustainable energy: A green strategy of converting agricultural waste to nano-enabled energy applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162667. [PMID: 36894105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rising demands of the growing population have raised two significant global challenges viz. energy crisis and solid-waste management, ultimately leading to environmental deterioration. Agricultural waste (agro-waste) contributes to a large amount of globally produced solid waste, contaminating the environment, and raising human-health issues on improper management. It is essential for a circular economy to meet sustainable development goals and to design strategies to convert agro-waste into energy using nanotechnology-based processing strategies, by addressing the two significant challenges. This review illustrates the nano-strategic aspects of state-of-the-art agro-waste applications for energy harvesting and storage. It details the fundamentals related to converting agro-waste into energy resources in the form of green nanomaterials, biofuels, biogas, thermal energy, solar energy, triboelectricity, green hydrogen, and energy storage modules in supercapacitors and batteries. Besides, it highlights the challenges associated with agro-waste-to-green energy modules with their possible alternate solutions and advanced prospects. This comprehensive review will serve as a fundamental structure to guide future research on smart agro-waste management and nanotechnological innovations dedicated to its utilization for green energy applications without harming the environment. The nanomaterials assisted generation and storage of energy from agro-waste is touted to be the near-future of smart solid-waste management strategy for green and circular economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokana Mohana Rani
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Diksha Pathania
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Reddicherla Umapathi
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttranchal University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, United States; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Department of Physics and Research Cell, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India; SUMAN Laboratory (SUstainable Materials & Advanced Nanotechnology Lab), New Delhi 110072, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoshinaga N, Tateishi A, Kobayashi Y, Kubo T, Miyakawa H, Satoh K, Numata K. Effect of Oligomers Derived from Biodegradable Polyesters on Eco- and Neurotoxicity. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37085155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers are eco-friendly materials and have attracted attention for use in a sustainable society because they are not accumulated in the environment. Although the characteristics of biodegradable polymers have been assessed well, the effects of their degradation products have not. Herein, we comprehensively evaluated the chemical toxicities of biodegradable polyester, polycaprolactone (PCL), and synthetic oligocaprolactones (OCLs) with different degrees of polymerization. While the PCL did not show any adverse effects on various organisms, high levels of shorter OCLs and the monomer (1 μg/mL for freshwater microorganisms and 1 mg/mL for marine algae and mammalian cells) damaged the tested organisms, including freshwater microorganisms, marine algae, and mammalian cells, which indicated the toxicities of the degradation products under unnaturally high concentrations. These results highlight the need for a further understanding of the effects of the degradation products resulting from biodegradable polyesters to ensure a genuinely sustainable society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yoshinaga
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tateishi
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kobayashi
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyakawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Kotaro Satoh
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rai PK, Sonne C, Song H, Kim KH. Plastic wastes in the time of COVID-19: Their environmental hazards and implications for sustainable energy resilience and circular bio-economies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159880. [PMID: 36328266 PMCID: PMC9618453 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The global scope of pollution from plastic waste is a well-known phenomenon associated with trade, mass consumption, and disposal of plastic products (e.g., personal protective equipment (PPE), viral test kits, and vacuum-packaged food). Recently, the scale of the problem has been exacerbated by increases in indoor livelihood activities during lockdowns imposed in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The present study describes the effects of increased plastic waste on environmental footprint and human health. Further, the technological/regulatory options and life cycle assessment (LCA) approach for sustainable plastic waste management are critically dealt in terms of their implications on energy resilience and circular economy. The abrupt increase in health-care waste during pandemic has been worsening environmental quality to undermine the sustainability in general. In addition, weathered plastic particles from PPE along with microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) can all adsorb chemical and microbial contaminants to pose a risk to ecosystems, biota, occupational safety, and human health. PPE-derived plastic pollution during the pandemic also jeopardizes sustainable development goals, energy resilience, and climate control measures. However, it is revealed that the pandemic can be regarded as an opportunity for explicit LCA to better address the problems associated with environmental footprints of plastic waste and to focus on sustainable management technologies such as circular bio-economies, biorefineries, and thermal gasification. Future researches in the energy-efficient clean technologies and circular bio-economies (or biorefineries) in concert with a "nexus" framework are expected to help reduce plastic waste into desirable directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Rai
- Phyto-Technologies and Plant Invasion Lab, Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources Management, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - C Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - H Song
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kinyanjui Muiruri J, Chee Chuan Yeo J, Yun Debbie Soo X, Wang S, Liu H, Kong J, Cao J, Hoon Tan B, Suwardi A, Li Z, Xu J, Jun Loh X, Zhu Q. Recent Advances of Sustainable Short-chain length Polyhydroxyalkanoates (Scl-PHAs) – Plant Biomass Composites. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
7
|
Tarazona NA, Wei R, Brott S, Pfaff L, Bornscheuer UT, Lendlein A, Machatschek R. Rapid depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) thin films by a dual-enzyme system and its impact on material properties. CHEM CATALYSIS 2022; 2:3573-3589. [PMID: 37350932 PMCID: PMC10284027 DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis holds great promise for plastic waste recycling and upcycling. The interfacial catalysis mode, and the variability of polymer specimen properties under different degradation conditions, add to the complexity and difficulty of understanding polymer cleavage and engineering better biocatalysts. We present a systemic approach to studying the enzyme-catalyzed surface erosion of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) while monitoring/controlling operating conditions in real time with simultaneous detection of mass loss and changes in viscoelastic behavior. PET nanofilms placed on water showed a porous morphology and a thickness-dependent glass transition temperature (Tg) between 40°C and 44°C, which is >20°C lower than the Tg of bulk amorphous PET. Hydrolysis by a dual-enzyme system containing thermostabilized variants of Ideonella sakaiensis PETase and MHETase resulted in a maximum depolymerization of 70% in 1 h at 50°C. We demonstrate that increased accessible surface area, amorphization, and Tg reduction speed up PET degradation while simultaneously lowering the threshold for degradation-induced crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Tarazona
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Ren Wei
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Brott
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lara Pfaff
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rainhard Machatschek
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| |
Collapse
|