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Gigante V, Aliotta L, Ascrizzi R, Pistelli L, Zinnai A, Batoni G, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A. Innovative Biobased and Sustainable Polymer Packaging Solutions for Extending Bread Shelf Life: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4700. [PMID: 38139951 PMCID: PMC10747240 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable packaging has been steadily gaining prominence within the food industry, with biobased materials emerging as a promising substitute for conventional petroleum-derived plastics. This review is dedicated to the examination of innovative biobased materials in the context of bread packaging. It aims to furnish a comprehensive survey of recent discoveries, fundamental properties, and potential applications. Commencing with an examination of the challenges posed by various bread types and the imperative of extending shelf life, the review underscores the beneficial role of biopolymers as internal coatings or external layers in preserving product freshness while upholding structural integrity. Furthermore, the introduction of biocomposites, resulting from the amalgamation of biopolymers with active biomolecules, fortifies barrier properties, thus shielding bread from moisture, oxygen, and external influences. The review also addresses the associated challenges and opportunities in utilizing biobased materials for bread packaging, accentuating the ongoing requirement for research and innovation to create advanced materials that ensure product integrity while diminishing the environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.-B.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.-B.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Roberta Ascrizzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.-B.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.-B.C.); (A.L.)
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Cicogna F, Passaglia E, Telleschi A, Oberhauser W, Coltelli MB, Panariello L, Gigante V, Coiai S. New Functional Bionanocomposites by Combining Hybrid Host-Guest Systems with a Fully Biobased Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PLA/PBSA) Binary Blend. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:549. [PMID: 37998118 PMCID: PMC10672472 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14110549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have developed innovative polymer nanocomposites by integrating magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based nanocarriers modified with functional molecules into a fully biobased poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PLA/PBSA) matrix. These LDH-based hybrid host-guest systems contain bioactive compounds like rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid, and glycyrrhetinic acid, known for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The bioactive molecules can be gradually released from the nanocarriers over time, allowing for sustained and controlled delivery in various applications, such as active packaging or cosmetics. The morphological analysis of the polymer composites, prepared using a discontinuous mechanical mixer, revealed the presence of macroaggregates and nano-lamellae at the polymer interface. This resulted in an enhanced water vapor permeability compared to the original blend. Furthermore, the migration kinetics of active molecules from the thin films confirmed a controlled release mechanism based on their immobilization within the lamellar system. Scaling-up experiments evaluated the materials' morphology and mechanical and thermal properties. Remarkably, stretching deformation and a higher shear rate during the mixing process enhanced the dispersion and distribution of the nanocarriers, as confirmed by the favorable mechanical properties of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cicogna
- National Research Council-Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds (CNR-ICCOM), SS Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- National Research Council-Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds (CNR-ICCOM), SS Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alice Telleschi
- National Research Council-Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds (CNR-ICCOM), SS Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Werner Oberhauser
- National Research Council-Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (M.-B.C.); (L.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (M.-B.C.); (L.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (M.-B.C.); (L.P.); (V.G.)
| | - Serena Coiai
- National Research Council-Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds (CNR-ICCOM), SS Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.P.); (A.T.)
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Morganti P, Coltelli MB, Gagliardini A, Lazzeri A, Morganti G, Simonetti G, Fritsch T, Calabrese V, Fusco A, Donnarumma G. Biopolymer- and Natural Fiber-Based Biomimetic Tissues to Realize Smart Cosmeceuticals and Nutraceuticals Using an Innovative Approach. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2525. [PMID: 38004505 PMCID: PMC10674939 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
More sustainable and smart cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals are necessary due to the ecological transition. In this study, a pullulan-based water solution containing chitin nanofibril-nano-lignin (CN-LG) complexes that encapsulate fish collagen polypeptide, allantoin and nicotinamide was electrospun onto a nonwoven substrate made of bamboo fibers to obtain a smart nanostructured bilayer system for releasing active molecules onto the skin or other body tissues. Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the composition of the bilayer system before and after rapid washing of the sample with distilled water and liquids mimicking physiological fluids. The viability of keratinocytes was studied as well as the antioxidant activity, protective activity towards UV light, metalloproteinase release of aged fibroblasts and the inhibitor activity against collagen degradation. Immunomodulatory tests were performed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the bilayer system as well as its indirect antimicrobial activity. The results indicate that the bilayer system can be used in the production of innovative sustainable cosmeceuticals. In general, the adopted strategy can be extended to several smart treatments for fast release that can be commercialized as solid products, thus avoiding the use of preservatives and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfrancesco Morganti
- R&D Unit, Academy of History of Healthcare Art, 00193 Rome, Italy;
- Dermatology Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- R&D Unit, Academy of History of Healthcare Art, 00193 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | | | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | | | - Giovanna Simonetti
- Environmental Department Biology, La Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, Catania University, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Campania University Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Campania University Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (G.D.)
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Panariello L, Coltelli MB, Hadrich A, Braca F, Fiori S, Haviv A, Miketa F, Lazzeri A, Staebler A, Gigante V, Cinelli P. Antimicrobial and Gas Barrier Crustaceans and Fungal Chitin-Based Coatings on Biodegradable Bioplastic Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235211. [PMID: 36501606 PMCID: PMC9737123 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin nanofibrils (CN) can be obtained from crustaceans and fungal sources and can be used for preparing coatings for bioplastic films, that are fundamental for developing a safe and sustainable biodegradable food packaging. Coatings with different concentrations of CN from shrimps were applied on different bioplastic substrates, like Poly (butylene succinate-co-adipate)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PBSA/PHBV) blend, Polybutylene succinate (PBS), and Polybutylene adipate terephthalate/Poly(lactic acid) (PBAT/PLA) blend, but the adhesion to the substrates was scarce. On the contrary, the fungal-based CN showed a better adhesion. Additionally, it was found that the use of an additive based on oligomeric lactic acid was useful to prepare a coating with an improved adhesion to bioplastics. The gas barrier properties to oxygen and water vapour of coated and un-coated films were measured, revealing an improvement of these properties thanks to applied coatings, especially towards the oxygen. Antimicrobial properties and biodegradation capacity were also evaluated revealing an antibacterial effect of the coatings that did not significantly interfere with their biodegradability. The results are discussed and interpreted considering the correlation between composition and macromolecular structures with the observed functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (P.C.); Tel.: +39-05-0221-7856 (M.-B.C.); +39-05-0221-7869 (P.C.)
| | - Ahdi Hadrich
- Biomass Valorization Platform-Materials, CELABOR s.c.r.l., 4650 Chaineux, Belgium
| | | | - Stefano Fiori
- Condensia Quimica, C/Junqueras 11-A, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amit Haviv
- TIPA, 6 HaHarash St., Hod Hasharon 4524079, Israel
| | - Filip Miketa
- Bio-Mi Ltd., Put Brdo 15, 51 211 Matulji, Croatia
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., Via S. Giovanni Bosco 23, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andreas Staebler
- Fraunhfer-Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (P.C.); Tel.: +39-05-0221-7856 (M.-B.C.); +39-05-0221-7869 (P.C.)
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Panariello L, Coltelli MB, Giangrandi S, Garrigós MC, Hadrich A, Lazzeri A, Cinelli P. Influence of Functional Bio-Based Coatings including Chitin Nanofibrils or Polyphenols on Mechanical Properties of Paper Tissues. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112274. [PMID: 35683945 PMCID: PMC9182755 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper tissue industry is a constantly evolving sector that supplies markets that require products with different specific properties. In order to meet the demand of functional properties, ensuring a green approach at the same time, research on bio-coatings has been very active in recent decades. The attention dedicated to research on functional properties has not been given to the study of the morphological and mechanical properties of the final products. This paper studied the effect of two representative bio-based coatings on paper tissue. Coatings based on chitin nanofibrils or polyphenols were sprayed on paper tissues to provide them, respectively, with antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The chemical structure of the obtained samples was preliminarily compared by ATR-FTIR before and after their application. Coatings were applied on paper tissues and, after drying, their homogeneity was investigated by ATR-FTIR on different surface areas. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties were found for chitin nanofibrils- and polyphenols-treated paper tissues, respectively. The mechanical properties of treated and untreated paper tissues were studied, considering as a reference the same tissue paper sample treated only with water. Different mechanical tests were performed on tissues, including penetration, tensile, and tearing tests in two perpendicular directions, to consider the anisotropy of the produced tissues for industrial applications. The morphology of uncoated and coated paper tissues was analysed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Results from mechanical properties evidenced a correlation between morphological and mechanical changes. The addition of polyphenols resulted in a reduction in mechanical resistance, while the addition of chitin enhanced this property. This study evidenced the different effects produced by two novel coatings on paper tissues for personal care in terms of properties and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Panariello
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (P.C.)
| | | | - María Carmen Garrigós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Ahdi Hadrich
- Biomass Valorization Platform-Materials, CELABOR s.c.r.l., 4650 Chaineux, Belgium;
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (P.C.)
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Aliotta L, Vannozzi A, Cinelli P, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A. Essential Work of Fracture and Evaluation of the Interfacial Adhesion of Plasticized PLA/PBSA Blends with the Addition of Wheat Bran by-Product. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030615. [PMID: 35160603 PMCID: PMC8838359 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work biocomposites based on plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA)–poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) matrix containing wheat bran fiber (a low value by-product of food industry) were investigated. The effect of the bran addition on the mechanical properties is strictly correlated to the fiber-matrix adhesion and several analytical models, based on static and dynamic tests, were applied in order to estimate the interfacial shear strength of the biocomposites. Finally, the essential work of fracture approach was carried out to investigate the effect of the bran addition on composite fracture toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (M.-B.C.)
| | - Alessandro Vannozzi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (M.-B.C.)
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Gigante V, Panariello L, Coltelli MB, Danti S, Obisesan KA, Hadrich A, Staebler A, Chierici S, Canesi I, Lazzeri A, Cinelli P. Liquid and Solid Functional Bio-Based Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3640. [PMID: 34771197 PMCID: PMC8586997 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new bio-based coating materials to be applied on cellulosic and plastic based substrates, with improved performances compared to currently available products and at the same time with improved sustainable end of life options, is a challenge of our times. Enabling cellulose or bioplastics with proper functional coatings, based on biopolymer and functional materials deriving from agro-food waste streams, will improve their performance, allowing them to effectively replace fossil products in the personal care, tableware and food packaging sectors. To achieve these challenging objectives some molecules can be used in wet or solid coating formulations, e.g., cutin as a hydrophobic water- and grease-repellent coating, polysaccharides such as chitosan-chitin as an antimicrobial coating, and proteins as a gas barrier. This review collects the available knowledge on functional coatings with a focus on the raw materials used and methods of dispersion/application. It considers, in addition, the correlation with the desired final properties of the applied coatings, thus discussing their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Ahdi Hadrich
- Biomass Valorization Platform-Materials, CELABOR s.c.r.l., 4650 Chaineux, Belgium;
| | - Andreas Staebler
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Serena Chierici
- Stazione Sperimentale per l’Industria delle Conserve Alimentari (SSICA), 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | | | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., 56017 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., 56017 Pisa, Italy;
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Coltelli MB, Bertolini A, Aliotta L, Gigante V, Vannozzi A, Lazzeri A. Chain Extension of Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA)-Based Blends and Composites Containing Bran with Biobased Compounds for Controlling Their Processability and Recyclability. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3050. [PMID: 34577949 PMCID: PMC8472942 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work focused on the research, design, and study of innovative chain extender systems of renewable origin for PLA-based biocomposites, reinforced with wheat bran as filler. The majority of employed chain extender compounds belongs to fossil world, affecting the biodegradability property which characterizes biopolymers. The aim of this work was thus to find promising biobased and sustainable alternatives to provide the same enhancements. According to this objective, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was chosen as principal component of the chain extender systems, together with a dicarboxylic acid, malic acid (MA), or succinic acid (SA). The reactivity of the modifier systems was previously studied through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and IR spectroscopy, to hypothesize the reaction mechanism in bran-filled blends. Hence, small-scale extrusion was carried out to investigate the effects of ESO/MA and ESO/SA on formulations of different composition (both pure PLA blends and composites). The variation of melt fluidity parameters was analyzed to define the optimized concentration of modifier systems. A comparison between the effects on blends of designed biobased systems and the action of fossil-based Joncryl was performed, to understand if the developed green solutions could represent competitive and efficient substitutes. The modified composites were characterized in terms of mechanical tests, degradation and thermal studies (TGA and DSC), and morphological analysis (SEM), to figure out their main features and to understand their potential in possible industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (L.A.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Alice Bertolini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (L.A.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (L.A.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (L.A.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Vannozzi
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (L.A.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy;
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Romano L, Portone A, Coltelli MB, Patti F, Saija R, Iatì MA, Gallone G, Lazzeri A, Danti S, Maragò OM, Camposeo A, Pisignano D, Persano L. Intelligent non-colorimetric indicators for the perishable supply chain by non-wovens with photo-programmed thermal response. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5991. [PMID: 33239625 PMCID: PMC7688929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spoiled perishable products, such as food and drugs exposed to inappropriate temperature, cause million illnesses every year. Risks range from intoxication due to pathogen-contaminated edibles, to suboptimal potency of temperature-sensitive vaccines. High-performance and low-cost indicators are needed, based on conformable materials whose properties change continuously and irreversibly depending on the experienced time-temperature profile. However, these systems can be limited by unclear reading, especially for colour-blind people, and are often difficult to be encoded with a tailored response to detect excess temperature over varying temporal profiles. Here we report on optically-programmed, non-colorimetric indicators based on nano-textured non-wovens encoded by their cross-linking degree. This combination allows a desired time-temperature response to be achieved, to address different perishable products. The devices operate by visual contrast with ambient light, which is explained by backscattering calculations for the complex fibrous material. Optical nanomaterials with photo-encoded thermal properties might establish new design rules for intelligent labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Romano
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Portone
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, I-56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Patti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 37, I-98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Saija
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 37, I-98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Iatì
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 37, I-98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallone
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, I-56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, I-56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, I-56122, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 33 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Onofrio M Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres, 37, I-98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Camposeo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luana Persano
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127, Pisa, Italy.
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10
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Aliotta L, Gigante V, Cinelli P, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A. Effect of a Bio-Based Dispersing Aid (Einar ® 101) on PLA-Arbocel ® Biocomposites: Evaluation of the Interfacial Shear Stress on the Final Mechanical Properties. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111549. [PMID: 33202908 PMCID: PMC7697637 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the production and the characterization of poly (lactic) acid (PLA)-based composites containing different amounts (from 10 wt.% to 25 wt.%) of ultra-short cellulose fibers (Arbocel 600 BE/PU) have been investigated. On the basis of a previous study, it was observed that the addition of the cellulose fibers led to an embrittlement of the composite. Consequently, in order to obtain a composite with enhanced impact resistance and elongation at break, the effect of the Einar 101 addition (a bio-based dispersing aid additive) was analyzed. The role of the adhesion between the fiber and the matrix, coupled with a better fiber dispersion, was thus evaluated. Also, the consequences on the final mechanical properties (tensile and impact test) caused by the Einar addition were investigated. Analytical models were also applied in order to obtain an evaluation of the variation of the interfacial shear stress (IFSS) (strictly correlated to the fiber-matrix adhesion) caused by the Einar introduction. Furthermore, due to the very low aspect ratio of the Arbocel fibers, a suitable Bader and Boyer model variation was adopted in order to have a better quantitative estimation of the IFSS value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-7807
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11
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Coltelli MB, Danti S. Biobased Materials for Skin-Contact Products Promoted by POLYBIOSKIN Project. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11040077. [PMID: 33137964 PMCID: PMC7711798 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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12
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Azimi B, Thomas L, Fusco A, Kalaoglu-Altan OI, Basnett P, Cinelli P, De Clerck K, Roy I, Donnarumma G, Coltelli MB, Danti S, Lazzeri A. Electrosprayed Chitin Nanofibril/Electrospun Polyhydroxyalkanoate Fiber Mesh as Functional Nonwoven for Skin Application. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11030062. [PMID: 32899241 PMCID: PMC7565933 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of bio-based polyesters that have found different biomedical applications. Chitin and lignin, byproducts of fishery and plant biomass, show antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity on the nanoscale. Due to their polarities, chitin nanofibril (CN) and nanolignin (NL) can be assembled into micro-complexes, which can be loaded with bioactive factors, such as the glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and CN-NL/GA (CLA) complexes, and can be used to decorate polymer surfaces. This study aims to develop completely bio-based and bioactive meshes intended for wound healing. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxydecanoate), P(3HB)/P(3HO-co-3HD) was used to produce films and fiber meshes, to be surface-modified via electrospraying of CN or CLA to reach a uniform distribution. P(3HB)/P(3HO-co-3HD) fibers with desirable size and morphology were successfully prepared and functionalized with CN and CLA using electrospinning and tested in vitro with human keratinocytes. The presence of CN and CLA improved the indirect antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of the electrospun fiber meshes by downregulating the expression of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulating human defensin 2 expression. This natural and eco-sustainable mesh is promising in wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Azimi
- Interuniversity National Consortiums of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze FL, Italy; (B.A.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (G.D.); (M.B.-C.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy;
| | - Lily Thomas
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy;
- Schools of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Interuniversity National Consortiums of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze FL, Italy; (B.A.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (G.D.); (M.B.-C.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta CE, Italy
| | - Ozlem Ipek Kalaoglu-Altan
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (O.I.K.-A.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Pooja Basnett
- School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 7BY, UK;
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Interuniversity National Consortiums of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze FL, Italy; (B.A.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (G.D.); (M.B.-C.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy;
| | - Karen De Clerck
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (O.I.K.-A.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TG, UK;
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Interuniversity National Consortiums of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze FL, Italy; (B.A.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (G.D.); (M.B.-C.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta CE, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Interuniversity National Consortiums of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze FL, Italy; (B.A.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (G.D.); (M.B.-C.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy;
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Interuniversity National Consortiums of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze FL, Italy; (B.A.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (G.D.); (M.B.-C.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy;
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13
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Coltelli MB, Aliotta L, Gigante V, Bellusci M, Cinelli P, Bugnicourt E, Schmid M, Staebler A, Lazzeri A. Preparation and Compatibilization of PBS/Whey Protein Isolate Based Blends. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143313. [PMID: 32708298 PMCID: PMC7397279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper the production of biopolymeric blends of poly(butylene succinate) PBS and plasticized whey protein (PWP), obtained from a natural by-product from cheese manufacturing, has been investigated for the production of films and/or sheets. In order to add the highest possible whey protein content, different formulations (from 30 to 50 wt.%) were studied. It was found that by increasing the amount of PWP added to PBS, the mechanical properties were worsened accordingly. This trend was attributed to the low compatibility between PWP and PBS. Consequently, the effect of the addition of soy lecithin and glycerol monostearate (GMS) as compatibilizers was investigated and compared to the use of whey protein modified with oleate and laurate groups obtained by Schotten-Baumann reaction. Soy lecithin and the Schotten-Baumann modified whey were effective in compatibilizing the PWP/PBS blend. In fact, a significant increase in elastic modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break with respect to the not compatibilized blend was observed and the length of aliphatic chains as well as the degree of modification of the Schotten–Baumann proteins affected the results. Moreover, thanks to DSC investigations, these compatibilizers were also found effective in increasing the PBS crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2217856
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Maria Bellusci
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Elodie Bugnicourt
- IRIS Technology Solutions S.L., Parc Mediterrani de la Technologia, Avda.Carl Friedrich Gauss No. 11, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Markus Schmid
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72488 Sigmalingen, Germany;
| | - Andreas Staebler
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Verpackung IVV, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
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14
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Aliotta L, Vannozzi A, Panariello L, Gigante V, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A. Sustainable Micro and Nano Additives for Controlling the Migration of a Biobased Plasticizer from PLA-Based Flexible Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061366. [PMID: 32560520 PMCID: PMC7361961 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blend-based films containing chitin nanofibrils (CN) and calcium carbonate were prepared by extrusion and compression molding. On the basis of previous studies, processability was controlled by the use of a few percent of a commercial acrylic copolymer acting as melt strength enhancer and calcium carbonate. Furthermore, acetyl n-tributyl citrate (ATBC), a renewable and biodegradable plasticizer (notoriously adopted in PLA based products) was added to facilitate not only the processability but also to increase the mechanical flexibility and toughness. However, during the storage of these films, a partial loss of plasticizer was observed. The consequence of this is not only correlated to the change of the mechanical properties making the films more rigid but also to the crystallization and development of surficial oiliness. The effect of the addition of calcium carbonate (nanometric and micrometric) and natural nanofibers (chitin nanofibrils) to reduce/control the plasticizer migration was investigated. The prediction of plasticizer migration from the films’ core to the external surface was carried out and the diffusion coefficients, obtained by regression of the experimental migration data plotted as the square root of time, were evaluated for different blends compositions. The results of the diffusion coefficients, obtained thanks to migration tests, showed that the CN can slow the plasticizer migration. However, the best result was achieved with micrometric calcium carbonate while nanometric calcium carbonate results were less effective due to favoring of some bio polyesters’ chain scission. The use of both micrometric calcium carbonate and CN was counterproductive due to the agglomeration phenomena that were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (L.P.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (M.-B.C.)
| | - Alessandro Vannozzi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (L.P.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (L.P.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (L.P.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (L.P.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (M.-B.C.)
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (L.P.); (V.G.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
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15
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Coltelli MB, Panariello L, Morganti P, Danti S, Baroni A, Lazzeri A, Fusco A, Donnarumma G. Skin-Compatible Biobased Beauty Masks Prepared by Extrusion. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11020023. [PMID: 32268483 PMCID: PMC7353523 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the cosmetic sector, natural and sustainable products with a high compatibility with skin, thus conjugating wellness with a green-oriented consumerism, are required by the market. Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA)/starch blends represent a promising alternative to prepare flexible films as support for innovative beauty masks, wearable after wetting and releasing starch and other selected molecules. Nevertheless, preparing these films by extrusion is difficult due to the high viscosity of the polymer melt at the temperature suitable for processing starch. The preparation of blends including poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) or poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) was investigated as a strategy to better modulate melt viscosity in view of a possible industrial production of beauty mask films. The release properties of films in water, connected to their morphology, was also investigated by extraction trials, infrared spectroscopy and stereo and electron microscopy. Then, the biocompatibility with cells was assessed by considering both mesenchymal stromal cells and keratinocytes. All the results were discussed considering the morphology of the films. This study evidenced the possibility of modulating thanks to the selection of composition and the materials processing of the properties necessary for producing films with tailored properties and processability for beauty masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (G.D.); Tel.: +39-050-2217856 (M.-B.C.)
| | - Luca Panariello
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Pierfrancesco Morganti
- Academy of History of Health Care Art, 00193 Rome, Italy;
- Dermatology Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Adone Baroni
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (L.P.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (G.D.); Tel.: +39-050-2217856 (M.-B.C.)
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16
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Coltelli MB, Aliotta L, Vannozzi A, Morganti P, Panariello L, Danti S, Neri S, Fernandez-Avila C, Fusco A, Donnarumma G, Lazzeri A. Properties and Skin Compatibility of Films Based on Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) Bionanocomposites Incorporating Chitin Nanofibrils (CN). J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:E21. [PMID: 32244595 PMCID: PMC7353621 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobiocomposites suitable for preparing skin compatible films by flat die extrusion were prepared by using plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA), and Chitin nanofibrils as functional filler. Chitin nanofibrils (CNs) were dispersed in the blends thanks to the preparation of pre-nanocomposites containing poly(ethylene glycol). Thanks to the use of a melt strength enhancer (Plastistrength) and calcium carbonate, the processability and thermal properties of bionanocomposites films containing CNs could be tuned in a wide range. Moreover, the resultant films were flexible and highly resistant. The addition of CNs in the presence of starch proved not advantageous because of an extensive chain scission resulting in low values of melt viscosity. The films containing CNs or CNs and calcium carbonate resulted biocompatible and enabled the production of cells defensins, acting as indirect anti-microbial. Nevertheless, tests made with Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter spp. (Gram positive and negative respectively) by the qualitative agar diffusion test did not show any direct anti-microbial activity of the films. The results are explained considering the morphology of the film and the different mechanisms of direct and indirect anti-microbial action generated by the nanobiocomposite based films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (A.V.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (G.D.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (A.V.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (G.D.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vannozzi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (A.V.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (G.D.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (A.V.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (G.D.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (A.V.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (G.D.); (A.L.)
| | - Simona Neri
- IRIS Technology Solutions S.L, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain; (S.N.); (C.F.-A.)
| | | | - Alessandra Fusco
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (A.V.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (G.D.); (A.L.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (A.V.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (G.D.); (A.L.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (A.V.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.F.); (G.D.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
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17
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Coltelli MB, Danti S, De Clerk K, Lazzeri A, Morganti P. Pullulan for Advanced Sustainable Body- and Skin-Contact Applications. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11010020. [PMID: 32197310 PMCID: PMC7151585 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review had the aim of describing the methodologies of synthesis and properties of biobased pullulan, a microbial polysaccharide investigated in the last decade because of its interesting potentialities in several applications. After describing the implications of pullulan in nano-technology, biodegradation, compatibility with body and skin, and sustainability, the current applications of pullulan are described, with the aim of assessing the potentialities of this biopolymer in the biomedical, personal care, and cosmetic sector, especially in applications in contact with skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (A.L.)
| | - Karen De Clerk
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70A, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Morganti
- Department of Mental Health and Physics and Preventive Medicine, Unit of Dermatology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Academy of History of Health Care Art, 00193 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (P.M.)
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18
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Gigante V, Coltelli MB, Vannozzi A, Panariello L, Fusco A, Trombi L, Donnarumma G, Danti S, Lazzeri A. Flat Die Extruded Biocompatible Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) (PBS) Based Films. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1857. [PMID: 31717937 PMCID: PMC6918134 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers are promising materials for films and sheets used in many widely diffused applications like packaging, personal care products and sanitary products, where the synergy of high biocompatibility and reduced environmental impact can be particularly significant. Plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blend-based films, showing high cytocompatibility and improved flexibility than pure PLA, were prepared by laboratory extrusion and their processability was controlled by the use of a few percent of a commercial melt strength enhancer, based on acrylic copolymers and micro-calcium carbonate. The melt strength enhancer was also found effective in reducing the crystallinity of the films. The process was upscaled by producing flat die extruded films in which elongation at break and tear resistance were improved than pure PLA. The in vitro biocompatibility, investigated through the contact of flat die extruded films with cells, namely, keratinocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells, resulted improved with respect to low density polyethylene (LDPE). Moreover, the PLA-based materials were able to affect immunomodulatory behavior of cells and showed a slight indirect anti-microbial effect. These properties could be exploited in several applications, where the contact with skin and body is relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (A.V.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (A.F.); (L.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (A.V.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (A.F.); (L.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Alessandro Vannozzi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (A.V.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (A.F.); (L.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (A.V.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (A.F.); (L.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (A.F.); (L.T.); (G.D.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Trombi
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (A.F.); (L.T.); (G.D.)
- OTOLAB, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (A.F.); (L.T.); (G.D.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (A.V.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (A.F.); (L.T.); (G.D.)
- OTOLAB, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (A.V.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (A.F.); (L.T.); (G.D.)
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Danti S, Trombi L, Fusco A, Azimi B, Lazzeri A, Morganti P, Coltelli MB, Donnarumma G. Chitin Nanofibrils and Nanolignin as Functional Agents in Skin Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112669. [PMID: 31151285 PMCID: PMC6600226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin and lignin, by-products of fishery and plant biomass, can be converted to innovative high value bio- and eco-compatible materials. On the nanoscale, high antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cicatrizing and anti-aging activity is obtained by controlling their crystalline structure and purity. Moreover, electropositive chitin nanofibrlis (CN) can be combined with electronegative nanolignin (NL) leading to microcapsule-like systems suitable for entrapping both hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules. The aim of this study was to provide morphological, physico-chemical, thermogravimetric and biological characterization of CN, NL, and CN-NL complexes, which were also loaded with glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) as a model of a bioactive molecule. CN-NL and CN-NL/GA were thermally stable up to 114 °C and 127 °C, respectively. The compounds were administered to in vitro cultures of human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) for potential use in skin contact applications. Cell viability, cytokine expression and effects on hMSC multipotency were studied. For each component, CN, NL, CN-NL and CN-NL/GA, non-toxic concentrations towards HaCaT cells were identified. In the keratinocyte model, the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α that resulted were downregulated, whereas the antimicrobial peptide human β defensin-2 was upregulated by CN-LN. The hMSCs were viable, and the use of these complexes did not modify the osteo-differentiation capability of these cells. The obtained findings demonstrate that these biocomponents are cytocompatible, show anti-inflammatory activity and may serve for the delivery of biomolecules for skin care and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Luisa Trombi
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Bahareh Azimi
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Pierfrancesco Morganti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Coltelli MB, Cinelli P, Gigante V, Aliotta L, Morganti P, Panariello L, Lazzeri A. Chitin Nanofibrils in Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) Nanocomposites: Dispersion and Thermo-Mechanical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E504. [PMID: 30682847 PMCID: PMC6386964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin-nanofibrils are obtained in water suspension at low concentration, as nanoparticles normally are, to avoid their aggregation. The addition of the fibrils in molten PLA during extrusion is thus difficult and disadvantageous. In the present paper, the use of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is proposed to prepare a solid pre-composite by water evaporation. The pre-composite is then added to PLA in the extruder to obtain transparent nanocomposites. The amount of PEG and chitin nanofibrils was varied in the nanocomposites to compare the reinforcement due to nanofibrils and plasticization due to the presence of PEG, as well as for extrapolating, where possible, the properties of reinforcement due to chitin nanofibrils exclusively. Thermal and morphological properties of nanocomposites were also investigated. This study concluded that chitin nanofibrils, added as reinforcing filler up to 12% by weight, do not properties alter the properties of the PLA based material; hence, this additive can be used in bioplastic items mainly exploiting their intrinsic anti-microbial and skin regenerating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Pierfrancesco Morganti
- Skin Pharmacology and Dermatology Unit, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100 Naples, Italy.
- MAVI SUD, Aprilia (LT), 04011 Aprilia, Italy.
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
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Coltelli MB, Mallegni N, Rizzo S, Cinelli P, Lazzeri A. Improved Impact Properties in Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Blends Containing Cellulose Acetate (CA) Prepared by Reactive Extrusion. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E270. [PMID: 30650639 PMCID: PMC6357089 DOI: 10.3390/ma12020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid)/triacetine plasticized cellulose acetate (PLA/pCA) blends were prepared by extrusion at two different temperatures and tetrabutylammonium tetraphenyl borate (TBATPB) was added as a transesterification catalyst to reactively promote the formation of PLA-CA copolymer during the reactive extrusion. The occurrence of chain scission in the PLA phase and branching/crosslinking in the CA phase in the presence of TBATPB, resulting also in a darkening of the material, were demonstrated by studying torque measurements and by performing proper thermogravimetric tests on CA with the different additives. Tensile and impact tests onto the blends prepared at the lower temperature showed better properties than the ones obtained at a higher temperature. Then, the mechanical properties of PLA/plasticized cellulose acetate (pCA) blends prepared at the lower temperature were investigated as a function of the content of plasticized CA in the blend. A range of compositions was observed where blends exhibited improved impact properties with respect to pure PLA without a significant decrease in their elastic modulus. The study of the phase morphology of the blends revealed that the occurrence of reactive compatibilization did not significantly affect the phase distribution. In general, fibrillar CA particles were formed in the PLA matrix during extrusion, thus allowing the preparation of CA fibre reinforced composites. The trend of morphology as a function of the composition and processing conditions was then discussed by considering the evolution of phase morphology in immiscible polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), c/o Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Norma Mallegni
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sara Rizzo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), c/o Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), c/o Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Mallegni N, Phuong TV, Coltelli MB, Cinelli P, Lazzeri A. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Based Tear Resistant and Biodegradable Flexible Films by Blown Film Extrusion. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E148. [PMID: 29342099 PMCID: PMC5793646 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was melt mixed in a laboratory extruder with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) in the presence of polypropylene glycol di glycidyl ether (EJ400) that acted as both plasticizer and compatibilizer. The process was then scaled up in a semi-industrial extruder preparing pellets having different content of a nucleating agent (LAK). All of the formulations could be processed by blowing extrusion and the obtained films showed mechanical properties dependent on the LAK content. In particular the tearing strength showed a maximum like trend in the investigated composition range. The films prepared with both kinds of blends showed a tensile strength in the range 12-24 MPa, an elongation at break in the range 150-260% and a significant crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Mallegni
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Thanh Vu Phuong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Can Tho University, 3/2 Street, Can Tho 90000, Vietnam.
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National Research Council, Institute of Chemical Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
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Cicogna F, Coiai S, Moliterni D, Ruggeri G, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A, Passaglia E. Co-agent mediated functionalization of LDPE/iPP mixtures for compatibilization of WEEE-recovered polyvinylchloride. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cicogna
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM) CNR; SS Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Serena Coiai
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM) CNR; SS Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Dora Moliterni
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM) CNR; SS Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; Via Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Giacomo Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; Via Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale; Università di Pisa; Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM) CNR; SS Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale; Università di Pisa; Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM) CNR; SS Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
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Bertoldo M, Coltelli MB, Messina T, Bronco S, Castelvetro V. Emulsion Blending Approach for the Preparation of Gelatin/Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) Films. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:677-686. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bertoldo
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), Area della
Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale, Università di Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino
1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Messina
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), Area della
Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi,
13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Bronco
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), Area della
Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valter Castelvetro
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi,
13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Fehri S, Cinelli P, Coltelli MB, Anguillesi I, Lazzeri A. Thermal Properties of Plasticized Poly (Lactic Acid) (PLA) Containing Nucleating Agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7763/ijcea.2016.v7.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Bernardini J, Anguillesi I, Coltelli MB, Cinelli P, Lazzeri A. Optimizing the lignin based synthesis of flexible polyurethane foams employing reactive liquefying agents. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Bernardini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering; University of Pisa; Via Diotisalvi 2 56126, Pisa Italy
| | - Irene Anguillesi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering; University of Pisa; Via Diotisalvi 2 56126, Pisa Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering; University of Pisa; Via Diotisalvi 2 56126, Pisa Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM); Via G. Giusti, 9 50121, Firenze Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering; University of Pisa; Via Diotisalvi 2 56126, Pisa Italy
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Bernardini J, Cinelli P, Anguillesi I, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A. Flexible polyurethane foams green production employing lignin or oxypropylated lignin. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Phuong VT, Coltelli MB, Cinelli P, Cifelli M, Verstichel S, Lazzeri A. Compatibilization and property enhancement of poly(lactic acid)/polycarbonate blends through triacetin-mediated interchange reactions in the melt. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Raffa P, Coltelli MB, Castelvetro V. Expanding the application field of post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) through structural modification by reactive blending. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Raffa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; Via Risorgimento 35 56126 Pisa Italy
- Department of Chemical Engineering - Product Technology; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale; Università di Pisa; Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2 56124 Pisa Italy
- SPIN-PET s.r.l.; Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 32 56025 Pontedera (PI) Italy
| | - Valter Castelvetro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Pisa; Via Risorgimento 35 56126 Pisa Italy
- SPIN-PET s.r.l.; Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 32 56025 Pontedera (PI) Italy
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Scatto M, Salmini E, Castiello S, Coltelli MB, Conzatti L, Stagnaro P, Andreotti L, Bronco S. Plasticized and nanofilled poly(lactic acid)-based cast films: Effect of plasticizer and organoclay on processability and final properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Quero E, Müller AJ, Signori F, Coltelli MB, Bronco S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1/2012. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201290001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Raffa P, Coltelli MB, Savi S, Bianchi S, Castelvetro V. Chain extension and branching of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with di- and multifunctional epoxy or isocyanate additives: An experimental and modelling study. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Quero E, Müller AJ, Signori F, Coltelli MB, Bronco S. Isothermal Cold-Crystallization of PLA/PBAT Blends With and Without the Addition of Acetyl Tributyl Citrate. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Coltelli MB, Toncelli C, Ciardelli F, Bronco S. Compatible blends of biorelated polyesters through catalytic transesterification in the melt. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Coltelli MB, Savi S, Aglietto M, Ciardelli F. A chemical view onto post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) valorization through reactive blending with functionalized polyolefins. Polym Sci Ser A 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x09110108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Coltelli MB, Maggiore ID, Bertoldo M, Signori F, Bronco S, Ciardelli F. Poly(lactic acid) properties as a consequence of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blending and acetyl tributyl citrate plasticization. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Coltelli MB, Harrats C, Aglietto M, Groeninckx G. Influence of compatibilizer precursor structure on the phase distribution of low density poly(ethylene) in a poly(ethylene terephthalate) matrix. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Coltelli MB, Aglietto M, Ciardelli F. Influence of the transesterification catalyst structure on the reactive compatibilization and properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/dibutyl succinate functionalized poly(ethylene) blends. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Coltelli MB, Bianchi S, Aglietto M. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) degradation during the Zn catalysed transesterification with dibutyl maleate functionalized polyolefins. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Passaglia E, Coltelli MB, Ciardelli F. Effect of Structure of Functionalizing Molecules on the Inter-Macromolecular Reactions and Blending of Poly(ethylene-co-propylene) (EPM) with Poly(6-aminohexanoic Acid) (PA6). Helv Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200690160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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Coltelli MB, Della Maggiore I, Savi S, Aglietto M, Ciardelli F. Erratum to “Modified styrene-b-(ethylene-co-1-butene)-b-styrene triblock copolymer as compatibiliser precursor in polyethylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends” [Polym Degrad Stab 90 (2005) 211–223]. Polym Degrad Stab 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Coltelli MB, Angiuli M, Passaglia E, Castelvetro V, Ciardelli F. Formation of Short and Long Chain Branches during the Free Radical Functionalization of Polyamide 6 in the Melt. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051893o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- PolyLab-INFM, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy; and CNR-ICCOM, Sezione di Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Angiuli
- PolyLab-INFM, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy; and CNR-ICCOM, Sezione di Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- PolyLab-INFM, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy; and CNR-ICCOM, Sezione di Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valter Castelvetro
- PolyLab-INFM, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy; and CNR-ICCOM, Sezione di Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciardelli
- PolyLab-INFM, c/o Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy; and CNR-ICCOM, Sezione di Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Coltelli MB, Della Maggiore I, Savi S, Aglietto M, Ciardelli F. Modified styrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer as compatibiliser precursor in polyethylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pucci A, Lorenzi D, Coltelli MB, Polimeni G, Passaglia E. Controlled degradation by melt processing with oxygen or peroxide of ethylene/propylene copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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