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Adjei J, Tang M, Lipa S, Oyekan A, Woods B, Mesfin A, Hogan MV. Addressing the Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Musculoskeletal Spine Care in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024; 106:631-638. [PMID: 38386767 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
➤ Despite being a social construct, race has an impact on outcomes in musculoskeletal spine care.➤ Race is associated with other social determinants of health that may predispose patients to worse outcomes.➤ The musculoskeletal spine literature is limited in its understanding of the causes of race-related outcome trends.➤ Efforts to mitigate race-related disparities in spine care require individual, institutional, and national initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Adjei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Melissa Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shaina Lipa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony Oyekan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Barrett Woods
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Addisu Mesfin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medstar Orthopaedic Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - MaCalus V Hogan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Villegas N, Norris AE, Cianelli R, Fernandez-Pineda M, Toledo C. Infección de Amor (Infectious Love): Development and Acceptability of a Telenovela/Soap Opera Intervention for HIV Prevention For Latinas. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2023; 35:421-438. [PMID: 38096456 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2023.35.6.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Latinas continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States. Effective interventions to address HIV-related disparities among Latinas are available; however, they have not achieved widespread dissemination due to implementation challenges for real-world settings. A culturally tailored intervention that increases access to HIV prevention is urgently needed. The objective of this study was to develop a culturally tailored telenovela (i.e., a soap opera) to promote HIV prevention behaviors (condom use; HIV testing; and pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness, access, and use) among Latinas. The study was conducted in community organizations throughout South Florida. A total of 44 Spanish-speaking Latinas, 18-35 years old, and sexually active with a man in the past 6 months participated in the study. The final product was an HIV prevention telenovela that incorporated Latinas' ideas and feedback and was produced as four 10-minute filmed episodes. This study aimed to develop innovative approaches to reduce HIV-related disparities for Latinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Villegas
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anne E Norris
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Rosina Cianelli
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | | | - Christine Toledo
- College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
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Link BG, García SJ. Diversions: How the Underrepresentation of Research on Advantaged Groups Leaves Explanations for Health Inequalities Incomplete. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 62:334-349. [PMID: 34355597 DOI: 10.1177/00221465211028152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We identify a gap in health inequalities research that sociologists are particularly well situated to fill-an underrepresentation of research on the role advantaged groups play in creating inequalities. We name the process that creates the imbalance health-inequality diversions. We gathered evidence from awarded grants (349), major health-related data sets (7), research articles (324), and Healthy People policy recommendations. We assess whether the inequality-generating actions of advantaged groups are considered either directly by capturing their behaviors or indirectly by asking disadvantaged people about discrimination or exploitation from advantaged groups. We further assess whether there is a tendency to locate the problem in the person or group experiencing health inequalities. We find that diversions are prevalent across all steps of the research process. The diversion concept suggests new lines of sociological research to understand why diversions occur and how gaps in evidence concerning the role of the advantaged might be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Link
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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Ryerson Espino S, Aguado P, Puente M, Vergara-Rodriguez P. Proyecto Promover: Attempts to Roll Out an HIV Prevention and Testing Initiative Within a Mexican Immigrant Community. J Immigr Minor Health 2020:10.1007/s10903-020-01075-6. [PMID: 32895761 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Latinx immigrants and men, in particular, living in the US are disproportionally impacted by HIV. Despite these concerns, there is limited research on the development, implementation, and evaluation of community-based HIV education and HIV testing interventions. The current study describes such efforts within a historic Mexican immigrant enclave in Chicago. A mixed-methods case study was used to describe intervention development, as well as preliminary evaluation data. Community intervention components were refined through early focus groups, asset mapping, community networking and consultation with cultural advisors. We exceeded our activity goals. We were successful in reaching a segment of the population that is often overlooked and remains unaware of HIV and its risks. Incorporating social network approaches could facilitate reaching at-risk community groups. Demonstration projects require more time and resources (fiscal and technical) to develop, refine, evaluate and sustain community-level intervention components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ryerson Espino
- Evaluation Consultant, Chicago, IL, USA.
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Patricia Aguado
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Social Work, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Monica Puente
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela Vergara-Rodriguez
- The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Cook County Bureau of Health Services, The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Phillips G, Beach LB, Turner B, Feinstein BA, Marro R, Philbin MM, Salamanca P, Felt D, Birkett M. Sexual Identity and Behavior Among U.S. High School Students, 2005-2015. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:1463-1479. [PMID: 31123950 PMCID: PMC6597280 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-1404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sexual orientation is a multidimensional construct which is increasingly recognized as an important demographic characteristic in population health research. For this study, weighted Youth Risk Behavior Survey data were pooled across 47 jurisdictions biennially from 2005 to 2015, resulting in a national sample of 98 jurisdiction-years (344,815 students). Respondents were a median of 15.5 years, 49.9% male, and 48.8% White. Sexual identity and behavior trends from 2005 to 2015 were assessed with logistic regression analysis. Overall, 13.9% of females and 7.0% of males identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB), or not sure, while 9.1% of females and 4.2% of males indicated both same-and-different-sex behavior or same-sex behavior. In total, 17.0% of female and 8.5% of male youth reported non-heterosexual (LGB or not sure) sexual identity, same-sex sexual behavior, or both. LGB youth were approximately twice as likely as other youth to report lifetime sexual behavior. White and Asian youth were less likely to report non-heterosexual identity and/or have engaged in same-sex sexual behaviors than youth of other races/ethnicities. Prevalence of non-heterosexual identities increased over time for both sexes, but only female youth reported significantly more same-sex behavior over time. This is the first study to simultaneously assess adolescent sexual identity and behavior over time within a national dataset. These findings are critical for understanding the sexual health needs of adolescents and for informing sexual health policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Phillips
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Lauren B Beach
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Blair Turner
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Brian A Feinstein
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rachel Marro
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Morgan M Philbin
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Salamanca
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dylan Felt
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Michelle Birkett
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N Michigan Ave., #14-043, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Murphy TV, Denniston MM, Hill HA, McDonald M, Klevens MR, Elam-Evans LD, Nelson NP, Iskander J, Ward JD. Progress Toward Eliminating Hepatitis A Disease in the United States. MMWR Suppl 2016; 65:29-41. [PMID: 26916458 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.su6501a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) disease disproportionately affects adolescents and young adults, American Indian/Alaska Native and Hispanic racial/ethnic groups, and disadvantaged populations. During 1996-2006, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) made incremental changes in hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination recommendations to increase coverage for children and persons at high risk for HAV infection. This report examines the temporal association of ACIP-recommended HepA vaccination and disparities (on the absolute scale) in cases of HAV disease and on seroprevalence of HAV-related protection (measured as antibody to HAV [anti-HAV]). ACIP-recommended childhood HepA vaccination in the United States has eliminated most absolute disparities in HAV disease by age, race/ethnicity, and geographic area with relatively modest ≥1-dose and ≥2-dose vaccine coverage. However, the increasing proportion of cases of HAV disease among adults with identified and unidentified sources of exposure underscores the importance of considering new strategies for preventing HAV infection among U.S. adults. For continued progress to be made toward elimination of HAV disease in the United States, additional strategies are needed to prevent HAV infection among an emerging population of susceptible adults. Notably, HAV infection remains endemic in much of the world, contributing to U.S. cases through international travel and the global food economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy V Murphy
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC
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Satterfield D, DeBruyn L, Santos M, Alonso L, Frank M. Health Promotion and Diabetes Prevention in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities — Traditional Foods Project, 2008–2014. MMWR Suppl 2016; 65:4-10. [DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.su6501a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Rhodes SD, Leichliter JS, Sun CJ, Bloom FR. The HoMBReS and HoMBReS Por un Cambio Interventions to Reduce HIV Disparities Among Immigrant Hispanic/Latino Men. MMWR Suppl 2016; 65:51-6. [PMID: 26916740 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.su6501a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hispanics/Latinos in the United States are affected disproportionately by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); however, few effective evidence-based prevention interventions for this population exist. This report describes the Hombres Manteniendo Bienestar y Relaciones Saludables (Men Maintaining Wellbeing and Healthy Relationships) (HoMBReS) intervention, which was developed by a community-based, participatory research partnership in North Carolina and initially implemented during 2005-2009. HoMBReS is an example of an effective intervention that uses lay health advisors (known as Navegantes [navigators]) in the context of existing social networks (i.e., recreational soccer teams) to promote consistent condom use and HIV and STD testing among Hispanic/Latino men. In 2012, HoMBReS was classified as a best-evidence community-level HIV prevention intervention (CDC. Compendium of evidence-based behavioral interventions and best practices for HIV prevention. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2015). The intervention has been implemented elsewhere, enhanced, and further evaluated in longitudinal intervention and implementation studies. HoMBReS has been adapted for other populations, including men who have sex with men and transgender persons. Additional evaluation has found that Navegantes continue in their roles as health advisors, opinion leaders, and community advocates after study support ends. Hispanic/Latino men's social networks can be leveraged to promote sexual health within the community by decreasing HIV risk behaviors among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Rhodes
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Massetti GM, David-Ferdon C. Preventing Violence Among High-Risk Youth and Communities with Economic, Policy, and Structural Strategies. MMWR Suppl 2016; 65:57-60. [PMID: 26916848 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.su6501a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth violence is preventable, and the reduction of health disparities is possible with evidence-based approaches. Achieving community-wide reductions in youth violence and health disparities has been limited in part because of the lack of prevention strategies to address community risk factors. CDC-supported research has resulted in three promising community-level approaches: Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) in Los Angeles, California; alcohol policy to reduce youth access in Richmond, Virginia; and the Safe Streets program in Baltimore, Maryland. Evaluation findings indicated that BIDs in Los Angeles were associated with a 12% reduction in robberies (one type of violent crime) and an 8% reduction in violent crime overall. In Richmond's alcohol policy program, investigators found that the monthly average of ambulance pickups for violent injuries among youth aged 15-24 years had a significantly greater decrease in the intervention (19.6 to 0 per 1,000) than comparison communities (7.4 to 3.3 per 1,000). Investigators of Safe Streets found that some intervention communities experienced reductions in homicide and/or nonfatal shootings, but results were not consistent across communities. Communitywide rates of violence can be changed in communities with disproportionately high rates of youth violence associated with entrenched health disparities and socioeconomic disadvantage. Community-level strategies are a critical part of comprehensive approaches necessary to achieve broad reductions in violence and health disparities.
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Woods ER, Bhaumik U, Sommer SJ, Chan E, Tsopelas L, Fleegler EW, Lorenzi M, Klements EM, Dickerson DU, Nethersole S, Dulin R. Community Asthma Initiative to Improve Health Outcomes and Reduce Disparities Among Children with Asthma. MMWR Suppl 2016; 65:11-20. [DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.su6501a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Woods
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Urmi Bhaumik
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsOffice of Community Health, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan J. Sommer
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elaine Chan
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lindsay Tsopelas
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric W. Fleegler
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margarita Lorenzi
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Shari Nethersole
- Office of Community Health, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MassachusettsGeneral Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rick Dulin
- Division of Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
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