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Bright SA, Erby M, Poynton FE, Monteyne D, Pérez-Morga D, Gunnlaugsson T, Williams DC, Elmes RBP. Tracking the cellular uptake and phototoxicity of Ru(ii)-polypyridyl-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base conjugates. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:344-359. [PMID: 38576718 PMCID: PMC10989513 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00206c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium(ii) complexes are attracting significant research attention as a promising class of photosensitizers (PSs) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Having previously reported the synthesis of two novel Ru(ii)-polypyridyl-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base compounds 1 and 2 with interesting photophysical properties, where the emission from either the Ru(ii) polypyridyl centres or the naphthalimide moieties could be used to monitor binding to nucleic acids, we sought to use these compounds to investigate further and in more detail their biological profiling, which included unravelling their mechanism of cellular uptake, cellular trafficking and cellular responses to photoexcitation. Here we demonstrate that these compounds undergo rapid time dependent uptake in HeLa cells that involved energy dependent, caveolae and lipid raft-dependent mediated endocytosis, as demonstrated by confocal imaging, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Following endocytosis, both compounds were shown to localise to mostly lysosomal and Golgi apparatus compartments with some accumulation in mitochondria but no localisation was found to the nucleus. Upon photoactivation, the compounds increased ROS production and induced ROS-dependent apoptotic cell death. The photo-activated compounds subsequently induced DNA damage and altered tubulin, but not actin structures, which was likely to be an indirect effect of ROS production and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, by changing the concentration of the compounds or the laser used to illuminate the cells, the mechanism of cell death could be changed from apoptosis to necrosis. This is the first detailed biological study of Ru(ii)-polypyridyl Tröger's bases and clearly suggests caveolae-dependent endocytosis is responsible for cell uptake - this may also explain the lack of nuclear uptake for these compounds and similar results observed for other Ru(ii)-polypyridyl complexes. These conjugates are potential candidates for further development as PDT agents and may also be useful in mechanistic studies on cell uptake and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Bright
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8962596
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8963459
| | - MariaLuisa Erby
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8962596
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8963459
| | - Daniel Monteyne
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM-DBM Université Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies Belgium
| | - David Pérez-Morga
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM-DBM Université Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging CMMI Université Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies Belgium
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8963459
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), University of Limerick Ireland
| | - D Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8962596
| | - Robert B P Elmes
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), University of Limerick Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland +353 1708 4615
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland
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Moloudi K, Abrahamse H, George BP. Photodynamic therapy induced cell cycle arrest and cancer cell synchronization: review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1225694. [PMID: 37503319 PMCID: PMC10369002 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1225694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle arrest (CCA) is seen as a prime candidate for effective cancer therapy. This mechanism can help researchers to create new treatments to target cancer cells at particular stages of the cell cycle (CC). The CCA is a characteristic of various therapeutic modalities, including radiation (RT) and chemotherapy (CT), which synchronizes the cells and facilitates the standardization of radio-chemotherapy protocols. Although it was discovered that photodynamic treatment (PDT) had a biological effect on CCA in cancer cells, the mechanism remains unclear. Furthermore, besides conventional forms of cell death such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, various unconventional types of cell death including pyroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, paraptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and parthanatos after PDT have been reported. Thus, a variety of elements, such as oxygen, the tumor's microenvironment, the characteristics of light, and photosensitizer (PS), influence the effectiveness of the PDT treatment, which have not yet been studied clearly. This review focuses on CCA induced by PDT for a variety of PSs agents on various cell lines. The CCA by PDT can be viewed as a remarkable effect and instructive for the management of the PDT protocol. Regarding the relationship between the quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its biological consequences, we have proposed two mathematical models in PDT. Finally, we have gathered recent in vitro and in vivo studies about CCA post-PDT at various stages and made suggestions about how it can standardize, potentiate, and customize the PDT methodology.
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Mishchenko T, Balalaeva I, Gorokhova A, Vedunova M, Krysko DV. Which cell death modality wins the contest for photodynamic therapy of cancer? Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:455. [PMID: 35562364 PMCID: PMC9106666 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was discovered more than 100 years ago. Since then, many protocols and agents for PDT have been proposed for the treatment of several types of cancer. Traditionally, cell death induced by PDT was categorized into three types: apoptosis, cell death associated with autophagy, and necrosis. However, with the discovery of several other regulated cell death modalities in recent years, it has become clear that this is a rather simple understanding of the mechanisms of action of PDT. New observations revealed that cancer cells exposed to PDT can pass through various non-conventional cell death pathways, such as paraptosis, parthanatos, mitotic catastrophe, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Nowadays, immunogenic cell death (ICD) has become one of the most promising ways to eradicate tumor cells by activation of the T-cell adaptive immune response and induction of long-term immunological memory. ICD can be triggered by many anti-cancer treatment methods, including PDT. In this review, we critically discuss recent findings on the non-conventional cell death mechanisms triggered by PDT. Next, we emphasize the role and contribution of ICD in these PDT-induced non-conventional cell death modalities. Finally, we discuss the obstacles and propose several areas of research that will help to overcome these challenges and lead to the development of highly effective anti-cancer therapy based on PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Mishchenko
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Balalaeva
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia Gorokhova
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Vedunova
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.510942.bCancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.448878.f0000 0001 2288 8774Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Nowak KM, Schwartz MR, Breza VR, Price RJ. Sonodynamic therapy: Rapid progress and new opportunities for non-invasive tumor cell killing with sound. Cancer Lett 2022; 532:215592. [PMID: 35151824 PMCID: PMC8918024 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumor treatment relies heavily upon chemotherapies, radiation, surgical resection, and/or immunotherapies. Although many alternative non-invasive solid tumor therapies have been proposed through the years and continue to be tested in various contexts, tumor cell eradication remains a daunting task for the current cancer armamentarium. Indeed, solid tumors exhibit physically and biochemically heterogenous microenvironments, allowing them to easily acquire resistance mechanisms. Progress in sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a treatment modality capable of controlling tumor growth while limiting off-target effects and toxicities, has accelerated in recent years. SDT combines "sonosensitizing" agents with the non-invasive application of focused acoustic energy [i.e. focused ultrasound (FUS)] to drive highly localized formation of tumor cell-killing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sonosensitizers selectively accumulate in tumor cells, after which FUS radiation eliminates the tumor by forcing the tumor cells to undergo cell death. In this article, we comprehensively review recent studies wherein SDT has been applied to treat primary and metastatic tumors. We discuss sonosensitizers, combination therapies with SDT, developments in defining the mechanism of SDT-induced cell cytotoxicity, and the promise SDT offers as a modulator of anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Nowak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mark R Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Victoria R Breza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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de Almeida RMS, Fontana LC, Dos Santos Vitorio G, Pereira AHC, Soares CP, Pinto JG, Ferreira-Strixino J. Analysis of the effect of photodynamic therapy with Fotoenticine on gliosarcoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101685. [PMID: 32050104 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gliosarcoma is a highly aggressive malignant neoplasm and a histopathological variant of wild-type glioblastoma multiforme isocitrate dehydrogenase (HDI). The current standard treatment consists of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical resection, however, despite advances in these techniques, the patient's prognosis remains unfavorable. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive technique that has been highlighted as an alternative form of cancer treatment because it does not present the side effects associated with systemic treatments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cell viability and the intracellular localization of photosensitizer (PS) chlorin e6 Fotoenticine in 9L/lacZ cells. Therefore, tests of cytotoxicity, morphology, and location of PS were performed. The viability test showed no cytotoxicity in the dark at all concentrations and 100 % cell death at the highest concentrations after PDT. The mitochondrial activity test showed a reduction in all groups after PDT. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was higher in the PDT groups and dependent on the PS concentration. Morphological analysis after PDT showed apparent cytoplasmic destruction in all the tested concentrations, with the presence of rounded cells due to the loss of their extensions and absence of nuclear alterations. The PS accumulation in the mitochondria and cytoskeleton was observed by the confocal microscopy; however, there is no evidence of its internalization in the lysosomes. It was concluded that PDT with Fotoenticine is a promising alternative therapy showing decreased cell viability, increased ROS production and adequate localization to trigger cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainara Moreno Sanches de Almeida
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, CEP: 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Corrêa Fontana
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, CEP: 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Dos Santos Vitorio
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, CEP: 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - André Henrique Correia Pereira
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, CEP: 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pacheco Soares
- Laboratory of Cell Compartment Dynamics, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, CEP: 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, CEP: 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, CEP: 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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Mitotic Catastrophe Induced in HeLa Tumor Cells by Photodynamic Therapy with Methyl-aminolevulinate. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051229. [PMID: 30862116 PMCID: PMC6429057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) constitutes a cancer treatment modality based on the administration of a photosensitizer, which accumulates in tumor cells. The subsequent irradiation of the tumoral area triggers the formation of reactive oxygen species responsible for cancer cell death. One of the compounds approved in clinical practice is methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL), a protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) precursor intermediate of heme synthesis. We have identified the mitotic catastrophe (MC) process after MAL-PDT in HeLa human carcinoma cells. The fluorescence microscopy revealed that PpIX was located mainly at plasma membrane and lysosomes of HeLa cells, although some fluorescence was also detected at endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Cell blockage at metaphase-anaphase transition was observed 24 h after PDT by phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry. Mitotic apparatus components evaluation by immunofluorescence and Western blot indicated: multipolar spindles and disorganized chromosomes in the equatorial plate accompanied with dispersion of centromeres and alterations in aurora kinase proteins. The mitotic blockage induced by MAL-PDT resembled that induced by two compounds used in chemotherapy, taxol and nocodazole, both targeting microtubules. The alterations in tumoral cells provided evidence of MC induced by MAL-PDT, resolving mainly by apoptosis, directly or through the formation of multinucleate cells.
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Garcia-Sampedro A, Tabero A, Mahamed I, Acedo P. Multimodal use of the porphyrin TMPyP: From cancer therapy to antimicrobial applications. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cationic porphyrin meso-tetra(4-[Formula: see text]-methylpyridyl)porphine (TMPyP) has a high yield of singlet oxygen generation upon light activation and a strong affinity for DNA. These advantageous properties have turned it into a promising photosensitizer for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this review, we have summarized the current state-of-the-art applications of TMPyP for the treatment of cancer as well as its implementation in antimicrobial PDT. The most relevant studies reporting its pharmacokinetics, subcellular localization, mechanism of action, tissue biodistribution and dosimetry are discussed. Combination strategies using TMPyP-PDT together with other photosensitizers and chemotherapeutic agents to achieve synergistic anti-tumor effects and reduce resistance to therapy are also explored. Finally, we have addressed emerging applications of this porphyrin, including nanoparticle-mediated delivery, controlled drug release, biosensing and G-quadruplex stabilization for tumor growth inhibition. Altogether, this work highlights the great potential and versatility that TMPyP can offer in different fields of biomedicine such us cancer treatment or antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Garcia-Sampedro
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Pond Street, NW3 2PG, London, UK
| | - Andrea Tabero
- Departament of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismahan Mahamed
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Pond Street, NW3 2PG, London, UK
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Pond Street, NW3 2PG, London, UK
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Folate-directed zinc (II) phthalocyanine loaded polymeric micelles engineered to generate reactive oxygen species for efficacious photodynamic therapy of cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 25:480-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Photodynamic therapy with TMPyP – Porphyrine induces mitotic catastrophe and microtubule disorganization in HeLa and G361 cells, a comprehensive view of the action of the photosensitizer. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:522-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Kulbacka J, Pucek A, Kotulska M, Dubińska-Magiera M, Rossowska J, Rols MP, Wilk KA. Electroporation and lipid nanoparticles with cyanine IR-780 and flavonoids as efficient vectors to enhanced drug delivery in colon cancer. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 110:19-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Effect of Porphyrin Sensitizer MgTPPS4 on Cytoskeletal System of HeLa Cell Line-Microscopic Study. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:419-25. [PMID: 27324041 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins are an important group of sensitizers with a porphyrin skeleton. Their photophysical properties are significantly affected by the nature of the central ion. In this work, we focus on the mechanical properties of a cervix carcinoma cell line which underwent photodynamic treatment (PDT) with MgTPPS4 photosensitzer. Atomic force microscopy alongside confocal microscopy was used to quantify and qualify the structural characteristics before and after PDT. Cells before PDT showed a fine actin network and higher elasticity with the median of Young modulus 12.2 kPa. After PDT, the median of Young modulus was 13.4 kPa and a large redistribution in the actin network was observed.
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12
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Di Venosa G, Perotti C, Batlle A, Casas A. The role of cytoskeleton and adhesion proteins in the resistance to photodynamic therapy. Possible therapeutic interventions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1451-64. [PMID: 25832889 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00445k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is known that Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) induces changes in the cytoskeleton, the cell shape, and the adhesion properties of tumour cells. In addition, these targets have also been demonstrated to be involved in the development of PDT resistance. The reversal of PDT resistance by manipulating the cell adhesion process to substrata has been out of reach. Even though the existence of cell adhesion-mediated PDT resistance has not been reported so far, it cannot be ruled out. In addition to its impact on the apoptotic response to photodamage, the cytoskeleton alterations are thought to be associated with the processes of metastasis and invasion after PDT. In this review, we will address the impact of photodamage on the microfilament and microtubule cytoskeleton components and its regulators on PDT-treated cells as well as on cell adhesion. We will also summarise the impact of PDT on the surviving and resistant cells and their metastatic potential. Possible strategies aimed at taking advantage of the changes induced by PDT on actin, tubulin and cell adhesion proteins by targeting these molecules will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Di Venosa
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP). CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, CP1120AAF, Argentina.
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Barata JF, Zamarrón A, Neves MGP, Faustino MAF, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JA, Röder B, Juarranz Á, Sanz-Rodríguez F. Photodynamic effects induced by meso-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole and its cyclodextrin conjugates on cytoskeletal components of HeLa cells. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:135-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Gomes ATPC, Faustino MAF, Neves MGPMS, Ferreira VF, Juarranz A, Cavaleiro JAS, Sanz-Rodríguez F. Photodynamic effect of glycochlorin conjugates in human cancer epithelial cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04345j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of glycochlorins in HeLa cells shows that the galactose conjugate is the most efficient photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. T. P. C. Gomes
- QOPNA & Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
- Departamento de Biología
| | - M. A. F. Faustino
- QOPNA & Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | | | - V. F. Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica
- Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Niterói
- Brazil
| | - A. Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - J. A. S. Cavaleiro
- QOPNA & Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - F. Sanz-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
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15
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Pacheco-Soares C, Maftou-Costa M, DA Cunha Menezes Costa CG, DE Siqueira Silva AC, Moraes KCM. Evaluation of photodynamic therapy in adhesion protein expression. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:714-718. [PMID: 25013490 PMCID: PMC4081276 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that has clinical applications in both non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. PDT involves a light-sensitive compound (photosensitizer), light and molecular oxygen. This procedure may lead to several different cellular responses, including cell death. Alterations in the attachment of cancer cells to the substratum and to each other are important consequences of photodynamic treatment. PDT may lead to changes in the expression of cellular adhesion structure and cytoskeleton integrity, which are key factors in decreasing tumor metastatic potential. HEp-2 cells were photosensitized with aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate and zinc phthalocyanine, and the proteins β1-integrin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were assayed using fluorescence microscopy. The verification of expression changes in the genes for FAK and β1 integrin were performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results revealed that HEp-2 cells do not express β-integrin or FAK 12 h following PDT. It was concluded that the PDT reduces the adhesive ability of HEp-2 cells, inhibiting their metastatic potential. The present study aimed to analyze the changes in the expression and organization of cellular adhesion elements and the subsequent metastatic potential of HEp-2 cells following PDT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pacheco-Soares
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, University of Vale do Paraiba, Institute for Research and Development, São José dos Campos-SP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Maira Maftou-Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Carolina Genúncio DA Cunha Menezes Costa
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, University of Vale do Paraiba, Institute for Research and Development, São José dos Campos-SP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Andreza Cristina DE Siqueira Silva
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, University of Vale do Paraiba, Institute for Research and Development, São José dos Campos-SP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, Rio Claro-SP 13506-900, Brazil
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Ruiz-González R, Acedo P, Sánchez-García D, Nonell S, Cañete M, Stockert JC, Villanueva A. Efficient induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by a novel cationic porphycene photosensitizer. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:401-14. [PMID: 23517729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we analyze the photobiological properties of 2,7,12-tris(α-pyridinio-p-tolyl)-17-(p-(methoxymethyl)phenyl) porphycene (Py3MeO-TBPo) in Hela cells, in order to assess its potential as a new photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of cultured tumor cells. Using 0.5 μM Py3MeO-TBPo, flow cytometry studies demonstrated an increase of intracellular drug levels related to the incubation time, reaching a maximum at 18 h. LysoTracker(®) Green (LTG) and MitoTracker(®) Green (MTG) probes were used to identify the subcellular localization. Upon exposure to ultraviolet excitation, red porphycene fluorescence was detected as red granules in the cytoplasm that colocalized with LTG. No significant toxic effects were detected for Py3MeO-TBPo in the dark at concentrations below 1 μM. In contrast, Py3MeO-TBPo combined with red-light irradiation induced concentration- and fluence-dependent HeLa cells inactivation. Besides, all photodynamic protocols assayed induced a clear effect of cell detachment inhibition after trypsin treatment. Both apoptotic and necrotic cell death mechanisms can occur in HeLa cells depending on the experimental protocol. After 18 h incubation with 0.5 μM Py3MeO-TBPo and subsequent red light irradiation (3.6 J/cm(2)), a high number of cells die by apoptosis, as evaluated by morphological alterations, immunofluorescent relocalization of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, and TUNEL assay. Likewise, immunofluorescence techniques showed that cytochrome c is released from mitochondria into cytosol in cells undergoing apoptosis, which occurs immediately after relocation of Bax in mitochondria. The highest amount of apoptosis appeared 24 h after treatment (70%) and this cell death occurred without cell detachment to the substrate. In contrast, with 0.75 μM Py3MeO-TBPo and 3.6 J/cm(2) irradiation, morphological changes showed a preferential necrotic cell death. Singlet oxygen was identified as the cytotoxic agent involved in cell photoinactivation. Moreover, cell cultures pre-exposed to the singlet oxygen scavenger sodium azide showed pronounced protection against the loss of viability induced by Py3MeO-TBPo and light. Different changes in distribution and organization of cytoskeletal elements (microtubules and actin microfilaments) as well as the protein vinculin, after apoptotic and necrotic photodynamic treatments have been analyzed. Neither of these two cell death mechanisms (apoptosis or necrosis) induced cell detachment. In summary, Py3MeO-TBPo appears to meet the requirements for further scrutiny as a very good photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy: it is water soluble, has a high absorption in the red spectral region (where light penetration in tissue is higher), and is able to induce effective high apoptotic rate (70%) related to the more widely studied photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Ruiz-González
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 08017, Spain
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Sonodynamic excitation of Rose Bengal for eradication of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:684930. [PMID: 23509759 PMCID: PMC3591171 DOI: 10.1155/2013/684930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy based on photosensitizers activated by illumination is limited by poor penetration of visible light through skin and tissues. In order to overcome this problem, Rose Bengal was excited in the dark by 28 kHz ultrasound and was applied for inactivation of bacteria. It is demonstrated, for the first time, that the sonodynamic technique is effective for eradication of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli. The net sonodynamic effect was calculated as a 3-4 log10 reduction in bacteria concentration, depending on the cell and the Rose Bengal concentration and the treatment time. Sonodynamic treatment may become a novel and effective form of antimicrobial therapy and can be used for low-temperature sterilization of medical instruments and surgical accessories.
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Sanz-Rodríguez F, Casas A, González S, Espada J, Jaén P, Regadera J, Blázquez-Castro A, Zamarrón A, Bagazgoitia L, Iglesias de la Cruz C, Juarranz Á. Preclinical photodynamic therapy research in Spain 4: Cytoskeleton and adhesion complexes of cultured tumor cells as targets of photosensitizers. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell death induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with different photosensitizers (PSs) is due to the selective damage of several membranous organelles including mitochondria, lysosomes and Golgi apparatus. Other cell structures such as the cytoskeleton (CSK) (microtubules, actin microfilaments and cytokeratin intermediate filaments) and the cell adhesion components (cadherins and integrins) are also implicated in cell death induced by PSs. CSK and adhesion components are responsible for many cellular functions such as the maintenance of morphology, motility, division and adhesion, all of them of fundamental importance for growth and dissemination of tumors. Therefore, they are considered very important targets for anticancer therapies, including PDT. In addition, similarly to the rest of the anticancer therapies, PDT often leaves a significant number of surviving tumor cells. The reorganization of CSK as well as the adhesion proteins in the PDT resistant cells affect their invasive migratory capabilities. Taking into account all these features, both CSK and adhesion proteins are crucial targets of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sanz-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Casas
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP) y Hospital de Clínicas José San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Salvador González
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Ramón Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Dermatology Unit, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jesús Espada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC-Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Jaén
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Ramón Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Regadera
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Blázquez-Castro
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Zamarrón
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ángeles Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Soares ARM, Neves MGPMS, Tomé AC, Iglesias-de la Cruz MC, Zamarrón A, Carrasco E, González S, Cavaleiro JAS, Torres T, Guldi DM, Juarranz A. Glycophthalocyanines as Photosensitizers for Triggering Mitotic Catastrophe and Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:940-51. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. M. Soares
- Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, 3810-193
Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IMDEA Nanociencia, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid,
Spain
| | | | - Augusto C. Tomé
- Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, 3810-193
Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Alicia Zamarrón
- Departamento de Biología,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Carrasco
- Departamento de Biología,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador González
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United
States
| | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, QOPNA, 3810-193
Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IMDEA Nanociencia, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid,
Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angeles Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Di Venosa G, Rodriguez L, Mamone L, Gándara L, Rossetti M, Batlle A, Casas A. Changes in actin and E-cadherin expression induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in normal and Ras-transfected human mammary cell lines. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 106:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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21
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Milla LN, Cogno IS, Rodríguez ME, Sanz-Rodríguez F, Zamarrón A, Gilaberte Y, Carrasco E, Rivarola VA, Juarranz Á. Isolation and characterization of squamous carcinoma cells resistant to photodynamic therapy. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:2266-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Serra VV, Zamarrón A, Faustino M, Cruz MIDL, Blázquez A, Rodrigues J, Neves M, Cavaleiro J, Juarranz A, Sanz-Rodríguez F. New porphyrin amino acid conjugates: Synthesis and photodynamic effect in human epithelial cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6170-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Machado AHA, Moraes KCM, Soares CP, Junior MB, da Silva NS. Cellular Changes After Photodynamic Therapy on HEp-2 Cells Using the New ZnPcBr8 Phthalocyanine. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S143-9. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen C. M. Moraes
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), NUPEB, DECBI, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted photodynamic therapy induces rapid cytoskeletal disruption. Cancer Lett 2010; 296:106-12. [PMID: 20452720 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an established enzyme-biomarker for prostate cancer, has attracted considerable attention as a target for imaging and therapeutic applications. We aimed to determine the effects of PSMA-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) on cytoskeletal networks in prostate cancer cells. PSMA-targeted PDT resulted in rapid disruption of microtubules (alpha-/beta-tubulin), microfilaments (actin), and intermediate filaments (cytokeratin 8/18) in the cytoplasm of LNCaP cells. The collapse of cytoplasmic microtubules and the later nuclear translocation of alpha-/beta-tubulin were the most dramatic alternation. It is likely that these early changes of cytoskeletal networks are partly involved in the initiation of cell death.
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Gupta S, Dwarakanath BS, Muralidhar K, Koru-Sengul T, Jain V. Non-monotonic changes in clonogenic cell survival induced by disulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine photodynamic treatment in a human glioma cell line. J Transl Med 2010; 8:43. [PMID: 20433757 PMCID: PMC2885318 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves excitation of sensitizer molecules by visible light in the presence of molecular oxygen, thereby generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) through electron/energy transfer processes. The ROS, thus produced can cause damage to both the structure and the function of the cellular constituents resulting in cell death. Our preliminary investigations of dose-response relationships in a human glioma cell line (BMG-1) showed that disulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS2) photodynamically induced loss of cell survival in a concentration dependent manner up to 1 microM, further increases in AlPcS2concentration (>1 microM) were, however, observed to decrease the photodynamic toxicity. Considering the fact that for most photosensitizers only monotonic dose-response (survival) relationships have been reported, this result was unexpected. The present studies were, therefore, undertaken to further investigate the concentration dependent photodynamic effects of AlPcS2. METHODS Concentration-dependent cellular uptake, sub-cellular localization, proliferation and photodynamic effects of AlPcS2 were investigated in BMG-1 cells by absorbance and fluorescence measurements, image analysis, cell counting and colony forming assays, flow cytometry and micronuclei formation respectively. RESULTS The cellular uptake as a function of extra-cellular AlPcS2 concentrations was observed to be biphasic. AlPcS2 was distributed throughout the cytoplasm with intense fluorescence in the perinuclear regions at a concentration of 1 microM, while a weak diffuse fluorescence was observed at higher concentrations. A concentration-dependent decrease in cell proliferation with accumulation of cells in G2+M phase was observed after PDT. The response of clonogenic survival after AlPcS2-PDT was non-monotonic with respect to AlPcS2 concentration. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results we conclude that concentration-dependent changes in physico-chemical properties of sensitizer such as aggregation may influence intracellular transport and localization of photosensitizer. Consequent modifications in the photodynamic induction of lesions and their repair leading to different modes of cell death may contribute to the observed non-linear effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Gupta
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India.
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26
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Wang P, Wang X, Liu Q, Zhao X, Cao B, Zhao P. Comparision Between Sonodynamic Effects with Protoporphyrin IX and Hematoporphyrin on the Cytoskeleton of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2010; 25:55-64. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2008.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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27
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Huang Y, Xu G, Peng Y, Chen S, Wu Y. Photodynamic Effects of ZnPcS4-BSA in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2009; 25:231-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2008.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guoxing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiru Peng
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaoqiang Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yunxia Wu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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28
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Stockert JC, Villanueva A, Cristóbal J, Cañete M. Improving images of fluorescent cell labeling by background signal subtraction. Biotech Histochem 2009; 84:63-8. [PMID: 19267289 DOI: 10.1080/10520290902804357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake and selective accumulation of fluorescent labels and drugs into organelles of cultured cells currently are widely investigated in biomedical research. In such studies, co-localization procedures are frequently used to identify the accumulation sites of compounds with biological activity. A drawback with fluorescent labeling is the autofluorescence of some cell organelles, which can hinder the precise assessment of co-localization. We report here labeling of the Golgi apparatus of A-549 cells using the photosensitizer zinc(II)-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and co-localization with the Golgi probe NBD C6-ceramide. The blue autofluorescence signal of mitochondria can be subtracted easily from the original picture by image processing, after which the co-localization of the isolated red ZnPc signal with the green signal from the Golgi probe is considerably improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Stockert
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Espada J, Galaz S, Sanz-Rodríguez F, Blázquez-Castro A, Stockert JC, Bagazgoitia L, Jaén P, González S, Cano A, Juarranz Á. Oncogenic H-Ras and PI3K signaling can inhibit E-cadherin-dependent apoptosis and promote cell survival after photodynamic therapy in mouse keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol 2009; 219:84-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Zhao X, Liu Q, Tang W, Wang X, Wang P, Gong L, Wang Y. Damage effects of protoporphyrin IX - sonodynamic therapy on the cytoskeletal F-actin of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2009; 16:50-56. [PMID: 18619892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report evidence of the damage effects of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) on a novel intracellular target, cytoskeletal F-actin, that has great importance for cancer treatment. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells suspended in PBS were exposed to ultrasound at 1.34 MHz for up to 60s in the presence and absence of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). To evaluate the polymeric state and distribution of actin filaments (AF) we employed FITC-Phalloidin staining. The percentage of cells with intact AF was decreased with 10-80 microM PPIX after ultrasonic exposure, while only few cells with disturbed F-actin were observed with 80 microM PPIX alone. The fluorescence intensity of FITC-Phalloidin labeled cells was detected by flow cytometry. The morphological changes of EAC cells were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33258 to determine apoptosis. Cytoskeletal F-actin and cell morphological changes were dependent on the time after SDT. Some cells suffered deformations of plasma membrane as blebs that reacted positively to FITC-Phalloidin at 2h after SDT treatment. Many of the cells showed the typically apoptotic chromatin fragmentation. The alterations were more significant 4h later. Our results showed that cytoskeletal F-actin might represent an important target for the SDT treatment and the observed effect on F-actin and the subsequent bleb formation mainly due to apoptosis formation due to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
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31
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Casas A, Sanz-Rodriguez F, Venosa GD, Rodriguez L, Mamone L, Blázquez A, Jaén P, Batlle A, Stockert JC, Juarranz A. Disorganisation of cytoskeleton in cells resistant to photodynamic treatment with decreased metastatic phenotype. Cancer Lett 2008; 270:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Juarranz A, Jaén P, Sanz-Rodríguez F, Cuevas J, González S. Photodynamic therapy of cancer. Basic principles and applications. Clin Transl Oncol 2008; 10:148-54. [PMID: 18321817 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-008-0172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic modality approved for clinical treatment of several types of cancer and non-oncological disorders. In PDT, a compound with photosensitising properties (photosensitiser, PS) is selectively accumulated in malignant tissues. The subsequent activation of the PS by visible light, preferentially in the red region of the visible spectrum (lambda>or=600 nm), where tissues are more permeable to light, generates reactive oxygen species, mainly singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)), responsible for cytotoxicity of neoplastic cells and tumour regression. There are three main mechanisms described by which (1)O(2) contributes to the destruction of tumours by PDT: direct cellular damage, vascular shutdown and activation of immune response against tumour cells. The advantages of PDT over other conventional cancer treatments are its low systemic toxicity and its ability to selectively destroy tumours accessible to light. Therefore, PDT is being used for the treatment of endoscopically accessible tumours such as lung, bladder, gastrointestinal and gynaecological neoplasms, and also in dermatology for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers (basal cell carcinoma) and precancerous diseases (actinic keratosis). Photofrin, ALA and its ester derivatives are the main compounds used in clinical trials, though newer and more efficient PSs are being evaluated nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Espada J, Juarranz A, Galaz S, Cañete M, Villanueva A, Pacheco M, Stockert JC. Non-aqueous permanent mounting for immunofluorescence microscopy. Histochem Cell Biol 2005; 123:329-34. [PMID: 15856278 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-005-0769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
It is generally assumed that an aqueous mounting medium is necessary for the preservation of immunofluorescent-labelled microscopical preparations and polyvinyl alcohol-based solutions (e.g. Mowiol) being the most frequently used mounting media; however, both the quality and intensity of the fluorescence signal in most immunolabelled preparations after aqueous mounting slowly diminish with time, and finally, samples become unsuitable for examination. In the present work, we describe a very simple and rapid non-aqueous mounting procedure for cultured cells and tissue sections, which preserves the fluorescent signal in an excellent way after immunodetection or use of other specific labelling methods. It is based on the current histological protocol in which, after fluorescence labelling, preparations are dehydrated in ethanol, cleared in xylene and mounted in DePeX. Using this non-aqueous mounting medium, the fluorescent signal remains high and stable, allowing a suitable and permanent preservation of labelled and counterstained microscopical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Espada
- Molecular Pathology Program, Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Galaz S, Espada J, Stockert JC, Pacheco M, Sanz-Rodríguez F, Arranz R, Rello S, Cañete M, Villanueva A, Esteller M, Juarranz A. Loss of E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion as an early trigger of apoptosis induced by photodynamic treatment. J Cell Physiol 2005; 205:86-96. [PMID: 15880654 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic treatment with different photosensitizers (PSs) can result in the specific induction of apoptosis in many cell types. It is commonly accepted that this apoptotic response depends on the mitochondrial accumulation of the PS. Accumulation in other cellular organelles, such as lysosomes or the Golgi complex, and subsequent photodamage resulting in an apoptotic process has been also described. However, the role played by cell adhesion in apoptosis induced in epithelial cells after photodynamic treatment is not well characterized. Here, we have used a murine keratinocyte line, showing a strong dependence on E-cadherin for cell-cell adhesion and survival, to analyze the relevance of this adhesion complex in the context of zinc(II)-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) photodynamic treatment. We report that under apoptotic conditions, ZnPc phototreatment induces a rapid disorganization of the E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion, which largely preceded both the detachment of cells from the substrate, via beta-1 integrins and the induction of apoptotic mitochondrial markers. Therefore, the alteration in E-cadherin, alpha- and beta-catenins adhesion proteins preceded the release of cytochrome c (cyt c) from mitochondria to the cytosol and the activation of caspase 3. In addition, blocking E-cadherin function with a specific antibody (Decma-1) induced apoptosis in this cell system. These results strongly suggest that the E-cadherin adhesion complex could be the primary target of ZnPc phototreatment, and that loss of E-cadherin mediated cell adhesion after early photodamage triggers an apoptotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Galaz
- Department of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
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Vantieghem A, Xu Y, Assefa Z, Piette J, Vandenheede JR, Merlevede W, De Witte PAM, Agostinis P. Phosphorylation of Bcl-2 in G2/M phase-arrested cells following photodynamic therapy with hypericin involves a CDK1-mediated signal and delays the onset of apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:37718-31. [PMID: 12101183 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m204348200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Bcl-2 in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is controversial, and some photosensitizers have been shown to induce Bcl-2 degradation with loss of its protective function. Hypericin is a naturally occurring photosensitizer with promising properties for the PDT of cancer. Here we show that, in HeLa cells, photoactivated hypericin does not cause Bcl-2 degradation but induces Bcl-2 phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Bcl-2 phosphorylation is induced by sublethal PDT doses; increasing the photodynamic stress promptly leads to apoptosis, during which Bcl-2 is neither phosphorylated nor degraded. Bcl-2 phosphorylation involves mitochondrial Bcl-2 and correlates with the kinetics of a G(2)/M cell cycle arrest, preceding apoptosis. The co-localization of hypericin with alpha-tubulin and the aberrant mitotic spindles observed following sublethal PDT doses suggest that photodamage to the microtubule network provokes the G(2)/M phase arrest. PDT-induced Bcl-2 phosphorylation is not altered by either the overexpression or inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal protein kinase 1 (JNK1) nor by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) or protein kinase C. By contrast, Bcl-2 phosphorylation is selectively suppressed by the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK)-inhibitor roscovitine, completely blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and enhanced by the overexpression of CDK1, suggesting a role for this pathway. However, in an in vitro kinase assay, active CDK1/cyclin B1 complex failed to phosphorylate immunoprecipitated Bcl-2, suggesting that this protein kinase may not directly modify Bcl-2. Mutation of serine-70 to alanine in Bcl-2 abolishes PDT-induced phosphorylation and restores the caspase-3 activation to the same levels of the vector-transfected cells, indicating that Bcl-2 phosphorylation may be a signal to delay apoptosis in G(2)/M phase-arrested cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Vantieghem
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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