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Lastovoy AP, Kuznetsova NA, Slivka LK, Makarova EA. Photochemical properties of substituted tetraazachlorins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical properties of water-insoluble metal-free tetraazachlorin derivatives in organic solvents and aqueous micellar solutions of nonionic surfactants were investigated. The quantum yields of fluorescence, singlet oxygen generation and photodegradation were evaluated in benzene. The highest photostability and singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ = 0.7) was found for 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-7,8,12,13,17,18-hexaphenyltetraazachlorin. The moderate ΦΔ values (0.21–0.35) of triarenotetraazachlorins in benzene were established. Expansion of tetraazachlorin π-system by fusion of three aromatic rings leads to reduction of efficiency of singlet oxygen generation. The study of photodegradation mechanism shows that radical photooxidation apparently is most plausible, though 1 O 2 may partly contribute to photodestruction of some tetraazachlorins. In aqueous colloidal solution of nonionic surfactant (Cremophor EL) the same, as in benzene, effect of sensitizer structure upon efficacy of singlet oxygen production was observed. It was shown that 1 O 2 diffusion from micelle core into solution and then to target slows its oxidation rate substantially in comparison to the case where sensitizer and target are localized in the same micelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton P. Lastovoy
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya 1/4, Moscow 101999, Russia
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya square, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Nina A. Kuznetsova
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya 1/4, Moscow 101999, Russia
| | - Ludmila K. Slivka
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya 1/4, Moscow 101999, Russia
| | - Elena A. Makarova
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya 1/4, Moscow 101999, Russia
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2
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Properties of the Novel Photosensitizer β,β,β′,β′-Tetramethyltribenzotetraazachlorin. Pharm Chem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-014-1051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Akimova AV, Grin MA, Golovina GV, Kokrashvili TA, Vinogradov AM, Mironov AF, Rychkov GN, Shtil AA, Kuzmin VA, Durandin NA. Novel derivatives of bacteriochlorophyll a: complex formation with albumin and the mechanism of tumor cell photodamage. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2014; 454:17-20. [PMID: 24633606 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672914010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A V Akimova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, 119334, Russia
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4
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Zawadzka M, Wang J, Blau WJ, Senge MO. Modeling of Nonlinear Absorption of 5,10-A2B2 Porphyrins in the Nanosecond Regime. J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:15-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304817u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zawadzka
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole
Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials
for High Power Lasers, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, 201800 Shanghai, China
| | - Werner J. Blau
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole
Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Hurtgen M, Debuigne A, Hoebeke M, Passirani C, Lautram N, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Guelluy PH, Jérôme C, Detrembleur C. Photochemical Properties and Activity of Water-Soluble Polymer/C60Nanohybrids for Photodynamic Therapy. Macromol Biosci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lluïsa Sagristá M, Postigo F, Africa De Madariaga M, Pintó RM, Caballero S, Bosch A, Asunción Vallés M, Mora M. Photodynamic inactivation of viruses by immobilized chlorin-containing liposomes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609000759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The viral safety of blood derived products relies in properly chosen inactivation procedures. In this way, it has been reported that some photosensitizers are useful products for blood sterilization. The data presented here show the high incorporation efficiency of the chlorin 3-phorbinepropanol, 9,14-diethyl-4,8,13,18-tetramethyl-20-(3S-trans) (CHL) into anionic unilamellar liposomes, give a protocol for the steric immobilization of chlorin-containing liposomes in a chromatographic support and provide the studies of photodynamic inactivation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) with chlorin-containing liposomes, free in solution and immobilized on Sephacryl S-1000 beads. The study demonstrates the successful inactivation of the enveloped virus BVDV by both preparations in culture medium and the resistance of the non-enveloped virus EMCV. The effectiveness of CHL-containing liposomes, in solution and immobilized in the chromatographic support, decreased when the culture media was replaced with human blood plasma. Moreover, the reduction factor of the virus titer after irradiation was smallest when immobilized liposomes were used. Nevertheless, the reduction factor for the virus titers of enveloped viruses after irradiation of human blood plasma samples with immobilized chlorin-containing liposomes increased with the reduction of the sample thickness. The more outstanding aspect of this paper is the design of a system useful for blood sterilization that can be easily removed after photodynamic treatment and, therefore, able to be applied in the manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lluïsa Sagristá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernado Postigo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Africa De Madariaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Pintó
- Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Caballero
- Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Bosch
- Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Asunción Vallés
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Mora
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Gao B, Liu Y, Yin H, Li Y, Bai Q, Zhang L. Water-soluble dendritic polyaspartic porphyrins: potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20733d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dandler J, Scheer H. Inhibition of aggregation of [Pd]-bacteriochlorophyllides in mesoporous silica. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:11988-11992. [PMID: 19772311 DOI: 10.1021/la902767x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation is a major factor affecting the photophysical properties of chlorophylls. For two [Pd]-bacteriochlorophyll derivatives that are currently under clinical testing as sensitizers for photodynamic therapy, aggregation control in aqueous solution has been studied with folded-sheet mesoporous silica (FSM) of different pore sizes (20, 45, 83 A) and with detergent (Triton X-100). With both the moderately polar WST09 and the highly polar WST11, no pigment oligomers were formed in FSM, and the monomer-dimer equilibrium was shifted toward the monomer with decreasing pore diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Dandler
- Department Biologie I - Botanik, Universität München, Germany
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Hofman JW, van Zeeland F, Turker S, Talsma H, Lambrechts SAG, Sakharov DV, Hennink WE, van Nostrum CF. Peripheral and axial substitution of phthalocyanines with solketal groups: synthesis and in vitro evaluation for photodynamic therapy. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1485-94. [PMID: 17348640 DOI: 10.1021/jm061136w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are a class of photosensitizers (PSs) with a strong tendency to aggregate in aqueous environment, which has a negative influence on their photosensitizing ability in photodynamic therapy. Pcs with either peripheral or axial solketal substituents, that is, ZnPc(sol)8 and Si(sol)2Pc, respectively, were synthesized and their tendency to aggregate as well as their photodynamic properties in 14C and B16F10 cell lines were evaluated. The results were compared to more hydrophilic silicon Pcs, that is, Si(PEG750)2Pc and Pc4. The order of cellular uptake was Pc4 > ZnPc(sol)8 > Si(PEG750)2Pc > Si(sol2)Pc. In contrast, Si(sol2)Pc showed the highest photocytotoxicity, while ZnPc(sol)8 did not show any photocytotoxicity up to a concentration of 10 microM in both cell types. UV/vis spectroscopy showed that Si(sol)2Pc is less prone to aggregation than ZnPc(sol)8, which can explain the lack of photoactivity of the latter. Si(sol)2Pc was predominantly located in lipid droplets, whereas Si(PEG750)2Pc was homogeneously distributed in the cytosol, which is probably the main cause of their difference in photoactivity. The very high photodynamic efficacy of Si(sol)2Pc makes this PS an interesting candidate for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Willem Hofman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Post Office Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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The effect of β-cyclodextrin on tenoxicam photostability, studied by a new liquid chromatography method; the dependence on drug dimerisation. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-006-9206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Postigo F, Sagristá ML, De Madariaga MA, Nonell S, Mora M. Photosensitization of skin fibroblasts and HeLa cells by three chlorin derivatives: Role of chemical structure and delivery vehicle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2006; 1758:583-96. [PMID: 16740249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The chemical nature of the sensitizer and its selective uptake by malignant cells are decisive to choose an appropriate biocompatible carrier, able to preserve the photosensitizing characteristics of the dye. In this paper we demonstrate the photodynamic properties of three chlorins, derived from chlorophyll a, and the usefulness of liposomal carriers to design pharmaceutical formulations. The chlorins have been quantitatively incorporated into stable liposomes obtained from a mixture of L-alpha-palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine and L-alpha-dioleoylphosphatidylserine in a 13.5:1.5 molar ratio (POPC/OOPS-liposomes). The chlorin uptake by skin fibroblasts increases steadily, reaching in all cases a plateau level dependent on both the chlorin structure and the vehicle employed. The photophysical properties of the three chlorins in THF are nearly identical and fulfill the requirements for a PDT photosensitizer. Incorporation of chlorins into liposomes induces important changes in their photophysics, but does not impair their cellular uptake or their cell photosensitization ability. In fact we observe in the cells the same photophysical behavior as in THF solution. Specifically, we demonstrate, by recording the near-IR phosphorescence of 1O2, that the chlorins are able to photosensitize the production of 1O2 in the cell membrane. The cell-photosensitization efficiency depended on the chlorin and cell line nature, the carrier, and the length of pre-incubation and post-irradiation periods. The high photodynamic activity of chlorin-loaded liposomes and the possibility to design liposomal carriers to achieve a specific target site favors this approach to obtain an eventual pharmaceutical formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Postigo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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Delanaye L, Bahri MA, Tfibel F, Fontaine-Aupart MP, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Heine B, Piette J, Hoebeke M. Physical and chemical properties of pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester in ethanol, phosphate buffer and aqueous dispersion of small unilamellar dimyristoyl-l-α-phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2006; 5:317-25. [PMID: 16520867 DOI: 10.1039/b513219c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation process of pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (PPME), a second-generation photosensitizer, was investigated in various solvents. Absorption and fluorescence spectra showed that the photosensitizer was under a monomeric form in ethanol as well as in dimyristoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine liposomes while it was strongly aggregated in phosphate buffer. A quantitative determination of reactive oxygen species production by PPME in these solvents has been undertaken by electron spin resonance associated with spin trapping technique and absorption spectroscopy. In phosphate buffer, both electron spin resonance and absorption measurements led to the conclusion that singlet oxygen production was not detectable while hydroxyl radical production was very weak. In liposomes and ethanol, singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical production increased highly; the singlet oxygen quantum yield was determined to be 0.2 in ethanol and 0.13 in liposomes. The hydroxyl radical production origin was also investigated. Singlet oxygen was formed from PPME triplet state deactivation in the presence of oxygen. Indeed, the triplet state formation quantum yield of PPME was found to be about 0.23 in ethanol, 0.15 in liposomes (too small to be measured in PBS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane Delanaye
- Department of Physics, B5, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Staśkowiak E, Dudkowiak A. Photostability and the yield of triplet state generation of bacteriochlorophyll c and bacteriopheophytin c in solution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 61:2033-9. [PMID: 15911389 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2004.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Accepted: 08/05/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The paper deals with some fast and slow processes of excitation energy deactivation in bacteriochlorophyll c and bacteriopheophytin c. The experiments were carried out in the air, and in oxygen or nitrogen atmosphere at different temperatures. The parameters such as fluorescence yield, the yield of triplet state generation and photostability were estimated. On the basis of these parameters an attempt was made to preliminary select the pigments best suited for medical applications. It seems that the photosensitive and highly fluorescent bacteriochlorophyll c could be used as a fluorescence probe for diagnosis, whereas its derivative without the magnesium ion is better suited for the photochemical reactions occurring during therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Staśkowiak
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznań University of Technology, Nieszawska 13A, 60965 Poznań, Poland
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a clinically approved treatment for cancer and noncancer diseases. This modality utilises light-activatable chemicals (photosensitising agents) to capture photons and use light energy for the production of cytotoxic reactive molecular species. Most photosensitisers that are in use clinically or in preclinical development are hydrophobic and tend to aggregate in the aqueous environment, which limits their delivery and photosensitising efficiency. Liposomal delivery of photosensitisers will often overcome or decrease these problems. In addition, as with chemotherapeutic agents, liposomal formulations of photo-sensitising agents may help to achieve better selectivity for tumour tissue compared with normal tissue. Over the past years, liposomal photosensitisers have emerged as therapeutic agents in many experimental studies, and have obtained approval for clinical applications. Recent progress in liposomal technology further opens up the possibility of generating more selectively targeted photosensitisers encapsulated in liposomes. This review will cover progress in the use of liposomal photosensitisers, summarise current liposomal formulations, and project future directions for the liposomal delivery of photosensitising agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Dartmouth Medical School Department of Surgery, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Nunes SMT, Sguilla FS, Tedesco AC. Photophysical studies of zinc phthalocyanine and chloroaluminum phthalocyanine incorporated into liposomes in the presence of additives. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004; 37:273-84. [PMID: 14762584 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2004000200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC) and chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (AlPHCl) incorporated into liposomes of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine in the presence and absence of additives such as cholesterol or cardiolipin were studied by time-resolved fluorescence, laser flash photolysis and steady-state techniques. The absorbance of the drugs changed linearly with drug concentration, at least up to 5.0 M in homogeneous and heterogeneous media, indicating that aggregation did not occur in these media within this concentration range. The incorporation of the drugs into liposomes increases the dimerization constant by one order of magnitude (for ZnPC, 3.6 x 10(4) to 1.0 x 10(5) M-1 and for AlPHCl, 3.7 x 10(4) to 1.5 x 10(5) M-1), but this feature dose does not rule out the use of this carrier, since the incorporation of these hydrophobic drugs into liposomes permits their systemic administration. Probe location in biological membranes and predominant positions of the phthalocyanines in liposomes were inferred on the basis of their fluorescence and triplet state properties. Both phthalocyanines are preferentially distributed in the internal regions of the liposome bilayer. The additives affect the distribution of these drugs within the liposomes, a fact that controls their delivery when both are used in a biological medium, retarding their release. The addition of the additives to the liposomes increases the internalization of phthalocyanines. The interaction of the drugs with a plasma protein, bovine serum albumin, was examined quantitatively by the fluorescence technique. The results show that when the drugs were incorporated into small unilamellar liposomes, the association with albumin was enhanced when compared with organic media, a fact that should increase the selectivity of tumor targeting by these phthalocyanines (for ZnPC, 0.71 x 10(6) to 1.30 x 10(7) M-1 and for AlPHCl, 4.86 x 10(7) to 3.10 x 10(8) M-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- S M T Nunes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Lang K, Mosinger J, Wagnerová D. Photophysical properties of porphyrinoid sensitizers non-covalently bound to host molecules; models for photodynamic therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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