1
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Yu H, Zhao Q. Profiling Additional Effects of Aptamer Fluorophore Modification on Microscale Thermophoresis Characterization of Aptamer-Target Binding. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17011-17019. [PMID: 37946406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are promising affinity ligands with considerable applications, such as biosensors, disease diagnosis, therapy, etc. Characterization of aptamer-target binding is important in aptamer selection and aptamer applications. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) is an emerging optical technique for molecular interactions, which monitors fluorescence responses of fluorescent molecules in a microscopic temperature gradient. Harnessing merits in trace sample consumption, high speed, free separation, free immobilization, and ratiometric analysis, MST draws intense wide attention. MST is often applied for aptamer-target binding studies using fluorescently labeled aptamers. However, the MST signal is strongly dependent on fluorophore modifications at aptamers, which brings additional challenges and effects for MST analyzing aptamer affinity. Here, we systematically explored effects of fluorophore modifications (e.g., fluorophore types, fluorophore positions, etc.) of aptamer probes on MST characterizing aptamer-target interactions and identified gaps of MST analysis in aptamer affinity determination, taking aptamers against cadmium ions and aflatoxin B1 as two representatives. The same aptamers with different fluorophore modifications showed distinct MST signals in response magnitudes and signs as well as determined affinities, and some of them failed to respond to target binding and gave false affinity information in MST. A competitive MST method can be used to extract the affinity of unmodified aptamers, excluding effects of fluorophore modification. This work highlights that appropriate fluorophore modification is crucial in MST analysis of aptamer affinity, and caution is needed in MST applications, providing a basis for rational design of the MST method for the reliable molecular interaction study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
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2
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Billet B, Chovelon B, Fiore E, Faure P, Ravelet C, Peyrin E. Detection of small molecules by fluorescence intensity using single dye labeled aptamers and quencher transition metal ions. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 205:114091. [PMID: 35217256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein an aptamer-based sensing approach that signal the presence of small-molecule targets when fluorescent DNA probes are challenged with the Ni2+ or Co2+ quencher metal ions. Functional oligonucleotides targeting L-tyrosinamide (L-Tym), adenosine (Ade) or cocaine (Coc) were end-labeled by the Texas-Red fluorophore. A fluorescence quenching occurred upon association of these transition metal ions with the free conjugates. The formation of the target-probe complex, by the way of variations in the overall binding of quencher metal ions along the DNA strands, led to a partial restoration (for the Ade and Coc systems) or a further attenuation (for the L-Tym system) of the fluorescence intensity. The absolute signal gain varied from 40 to 180% depending on the target-probe pair investigated. The approach was also used to detect the compound Ade in a spiked biological matrix in 1 min or less. The transition metal ion-based quenching strategy is characterized by its very simple implementation, low cost, and rapid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Billet
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France; Biochemistry, Toxicology and Pharmacology Department, Grenoble Site Nord CHU - Biology and Pathology Institute, F-38041, Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Chovelon
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France; Biochemistry, Toxicology and Pharmacology Department, Grenoble Site Nord CHU - Biology and Pathology Institute, F-38041, Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Fiore
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Faure
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France; Biochemistry, Toxicology and Pharmacology Department, Grenoble Site Nord CHU - Biology and Pathology Institute, F-38041, Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Ravelet
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France.
| | - Eric Peyrin
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France.
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3
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Lietard J, Ameur D, Somoza MM. Sequence-dependent quenching of fluorescein fluorescence on single-stranded and double-stranded DNA. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5629-5637. [PMID: 35425544 PMCID: PMC8982050 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescein is commonly used to label macromolecules, particularly proteins and nucleic acids, but its fluorescence is known to be strongly dependent on its direct chemical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jory Lietard
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Ameur
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark M. Somoza
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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4
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Sobek J, Schlapbach R. Dependence of Fluorescence Quenching of CY3 Oligonucleotide Conjugates on the Oxidation Potential of the Stacking Base Pair. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225369. [PMID: 33212871 PMCID: PMC7698394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the complex fluorescence properties of astraphloxin (CY3)-labelled oligonucleotides, it is necessary to take into account the redox properties of the nucleobases. In oligonucleotide hybrids, we observed a dependence of the fluorescence intensity on the oxidation potential of the neighbouring base pair. For the series I < A < G < 8-oxoG, the extent of fluorescence quenching follows the trend of decreasing oxidation potentials. In a series of 7 nt hybrids, stacking interactions of CY3 with perfect match and mismatch base pairs were found to stabilise the hybrid by 7–8 kJ/mol. The fluorescence measurements can be explained by complex formation resulting in fluorescence quenching that prevails over the steric effect of a reduced excited state trans-cis isomerisation, which was expected to increase the fluorescence efficiency of the dye when stacking to a base pair. This can be explained by the fact that, in a double strand, base pairing and stacking cause a dramatic change in the oxidation potential of the nucleobases. In single-molecule fluorescence measurements, the oxidation of G to 8-oxoG was observed as a result of photoinduced electron transfer and subsequent chemical reactions. Our results demonstrate that covalently linked CY3 is a potent oxidant towards dsDNA. Sulfonated derivatives should be used instead.
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Liu L, Zhao Q. A simple fluorescence anisotropy assay for detection of bisphenol A using fluorescently labeled aptamer. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 97:19-24. [PMID: 32933735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs), and BPA contamination in environment can cause high risks to human health. Rapid determination of BPA on sites is in high demand in environmental analysis. Taking advantage of aptamers as affinity ligands and fluorescence anisotropy (FA) analysis, we developed a simple and rapid FA assay for BPA by employing a single tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) labeled short 35-mer DNA aptamer against BPA. The assay is based on the BPA-binding induced conformation change of TMR-labeled aptamer and alteration of interaction between TMR and guanine bases, resulting in change of FA signals. We screened the FA change of aptamer probes having TMR label on a specific site of the aptamer upon BPA addition. The aptamer with a TMR label on the 22nd T base showed large FA-decreasing response to BPA and maintained good binding affinity to BPA. By using this TMR-labeled aptamer, we achieved FA detection of BPA with a detection limit of 0.5 μmol/L under the optimized conditions. This assay was selective towards BPA and enabled the detection of BPA spiked in tap water sample, showing the potential applications on water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Simmons MD, Miller LM, Sundström MO, Johnson S. Aptamer-Based Detection of Ampicillin in Urine Samples. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E655. [PMID: 33003560 PMCID: PMC7601551 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The misuse of antibiotics in health care has led to increasing levels of drug resistant infections (DRI's) occurring in the general population. Most technologies developed for the detection of DRI's typically focus on phenotyping or genotyping bacterial resistance rather than on the underlying cause and spread of DRI's; namely the misuse of antibiotics. An aptameric based assay has been developed for the monitoring of ampicillin in urine samples, for use in determining optimal antibiotic dosage and monitoring patient compliance with treatment. The fluorescently labelled aptamers were shown to perform optimally at pH 7, ideal for buffered clinical urine samples, with limits of detection as low as 20.6 nM, allowing for determination of ampicillin in urine in the clinically relevant range of concentrations (100 nM to 100 µM). As the assay requires incubation for only 1 h with a small sample volume, 50 to 150 µL, the test would fit within current healthcare pathways, simplifying the adoption of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Simmons
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Lisa M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Malin O. Sundström
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Steven Johnson
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, UK;
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7
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Li Y, Zhao Q. Aptamer structure switch fluorescence anisotropy assay for aflatoxin B1 using tetramethylrhodamine-guanine interaction to enhance signal change. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Aptamer binding assays and molecular interaction studies using fluorescence anisotropy - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:267-278. [PMID: 32674773 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Binding of nucleic acid aptamers to specific targets and detection with fluorescence anisotropy (FA) or fluorescence polarization (FP) take advantage of the complementary features of aptamers and the fluorescence techniques. We review recent advances in affinity binding assays using aptamers and FA/FP, with an emphasis on studies of molecular interactions and identification of binding sites. Aptamers provide several benefits, including the ease of labelling fluorophores on specific sites, binding-induced changes in aptamer structures, hybridization of the aptamers to complementary sequences, changes in molecular volume upon binding of the aptamer to its target, and adsorption of aptamers onto nanomaterials. Some of these benefits have been utilized for FA/FP assays. Once the aptamer binds to its target, the resulting changes in molecular volume (size), structure, local rotation of the fluorophore, and/or the fluorescence lifetime influence changes to the FA/FP values. Measurements of these fluorescence anisotropy/polarization changes have provided insights into the molecular interactions, such as the binding affinity and the site of binding. Studies of molecular interactions conducted in homogeneous solutions, as well as those with separations, e.g., capillary electrophoresis, have been summarized in this review. Studies on mapping the position of binding in aptamers at the single nucleotide level have demonstrated a unique benefit of the FA/FP techniques and pointed to an exciting direction for future research.
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Zhao Q, Bai Y, Wang H. Directing a rational design of aptamer-based fluorescence anisotropy assay for sensitive detection of immunoglobulin E by site-specific binding study. Talanta 2020; 217:121018. [PMID: 32498825 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mapping aptamer-protein interactions is important for characterization and applications of aptamers against proteins. We describe here probing affinity interactions between aptamer and immunoglobulin E (IgE) with a fluorescence anisotropy (FA) approach using a series of aptamer probes having single fluorescein (FAM) label at individual nucleotide (A, C, T). Studies of binding between IgE and aptamer probes revealed several possible close-contact sites, e.g., T9, T10, T11, T13, C15, and T17 of a 37-nt aptamer with a stem-loop secondary structure. FAM labeling on these sites resulted in much higher FA values (higher than 0.230 for T10, T11, T13 and C15) of aptamer-IgE complexes than the distant sites (e.g., terminals) of aptamer probably because the bound IgE close to these sites significantly restricted local rotation of FAM. Close-contact site labeled aptamer probes with high affinity allowed to develop a more sensitive FA assay for IgE than distant site labeled aptamers. The FA assay using T10-labeled aptamer with a dissociation constant (Kd) about 0.8 nM enabled selective detection of IgE at 20 pM and large FA increase upon IgE addition. We also found A12, C14, A25, and T27 were important for IgE-aptamer binding as FAM labeling at these sites significantly reduced aptamer affinity. FA study showed the loop region of this stem-loop aptamer was crucial for affinity binding, and IgE bound to the loop. This FA method will be helpful for understanding aptamer-protein binding and making a rational design of aptamer affinity assays for proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yunlong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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10
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Munro L, Ladefoged LK, Padmanathan V, Andersen S, Schiøtt B, Kristensen AS. Conformational Changes in the 5-HT 3A Receptor Extracellular Domain Measured by Voltage-Clamp Fluorometry. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:720-734. [PMID: 31582575 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) type 3 receptor is a member of the cysteine (Cys)-loop receptor super family of ligand-gated ion channels in the nervous system and is a clinical target in a range of diseases. The 5-HT3 receptor mediates fast serotonergic neurotransmission by undergoing a series of conformational changes initiated by ligand binding that lead to the rapid opening of an intrinsic cation-selective channel. However, despite the availability of high-resolution structures of a mouse 5-HT3 receptor, many important aspects of the mechanistic basis of 5-HT3 receptor function and modulation by drugs remain poorly understood. In particular, there is little direct evidence for the specific conformational changes predicted to occur during ligand-gated channel activation and desensitization. In the present study, we used voltage-clamp fluorometry (VCF) to measure conformational changes in regions surrounding the orthosteric binding site of the human 5-HT3A (h5-HT3A) receptor during binding of 5-HT and different classes of 5-HT3 receptor ligands. VCF utilizes parallel measurements of receptor currents with photon emission from fluorescent reporter groups covalently attached to specific positions in the receptor structure. Reporter groups that are highly sensitive to the local molecular environment can, in real time, report conformational changes as changes in fluorescence that can be correlated with changes in receptor currents reporting the functional states of the channel. Within the loop C, D, and E regions that surround the orthosteric binding site in the h5-HT3A receptor, we identify positions that are amenable to tagging with an environmentally sensitive reporter group that reports robust fluorescence changes upon 5-HT binding and receptor activation. We use these reporter positions to characterize the effect of ligand binding on the local structure of the orthosteric binding site by agonists, competitive antagonists, and allosterically acting channel activators. We observed that loop C appears to show distinct fluorescence changes for ligands of the same class, while loop D reports similar fluorescence changes for all ligands binding at the orthosteric site. In contrast, the loop E reporter position shows distinct changes for agonists, antagonists, and allosteric compounds, suggesting the conformational changes in this region are specific to ligand function. Interpretation of these results within the framework of current models of 5-HT3 and Cys-loop mechanisms are used to expand the understanding of how ligand binding in Cys-loop receptors relates to channel gating. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The 5-HT3 receptor is an important ligand-gated ion channel and drug target in the central and peripheral nervous system. Determining how ligand binding induced conformational changes in the receptor is central for understanding the structural mechanisms underlying 5-HT3 receptor function. Here, we employ voltage-gated fluorometry to characterize conformational changes in the extracellular domain of the human 5-HT3 receptor to identify intrareceptor motions during binding of a range of 5-HT3 receptor agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Munro
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.M., V.P., S.A., A.S.K.); and Department of Chemistry (L.K.L., B.S.) and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (B.S.), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lucy Kate Ladefoged
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.M., V.P., S.A., A.S.K.); and Department of Chemistry (L.K.L., B.S.) and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (B.S.), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vithushan Padmanathan
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.M., V.P., S.A., A.S.K.); and Department of Chemistry (L.K.L., B.S.) and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (B.S.), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Signe Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.M., V.P., S.A., A.S.K.); and Department of Chemistry (L.K.L., B.S.) and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (B.S.), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgit Schiøtt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.M., V.P., S.A., A.S.K.); and Department of Chemistry (L.K.L., B.S.) and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (B.S.), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders S Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.M., V.P., S.A., A.S.K.); and Department of Chemistry (L.K.L., B.S.) and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (B.S.), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Nucleic acid aptamers improving fluorescence anisotropy and fluorescence polarization assays for small molecules. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Bower AJ, Li J, Chaney EJ, Marjanovic M, Spillman DR, Boppart SA. High-speed imaging of transient metabolic dynamics using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. OPTICA 2018; 5:1290-1296. [PMID: 30984802 PMCID: PMC6457362 DOI: 10.1364/optica.5.001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2P-FLIM) of autofluorescent metabolic coenzymes has been widely used to investigate energetic perturbations in living cells and tissues in a label-free manner with subcellular resolution. While the currently used state-of-the-art instruments are highly sensitive to local molecular changes associated with these metabolic processes, they are inherently slow and limit the study of dynamic metabolic environments. Here, a sustained video-rate 2P-FLIM imaging system is demonstrated for time-lapse lifetime imaging of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an autofluorescent metabolic coenzyme involved in both aerobic and anaerobic processes. This system is sufficiently sensitive to differences in metabolic activity between aggressive and nonaggressive cancer cell lines and is demonstrated for both wide field-of-view autofluorescence imaging as well as sustained video-rate image acquisition of metabolic dynamics following induction of apoptosis. The unique capabilities ofthis imaging platform provide a powerful technological advance to further explore rapid metabolic dynamics in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bower
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. MathewsAve, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Joanne Li
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. MathewsAve, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. MathewsAve, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. MathewsAve, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. MathewsAve, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. MathewsAve, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Corresponding author:
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13
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Wolfe AJ, Gugel JF, Chen M, Movileanu L. Kinetics of Membrane Protein-Detergent Interactions Depend on Protein Electrostatics. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:9471-9481. [PMID: 30251852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of a membrane protein with a detergent micelle represent a fundamental process with practical implications in structural and chemical biology. Quantitative assessment of the kinetics of protein-detergent complex (PDC) interactions has always been challenged by complicated behavior of both membrane proteins and solubilizing detergents in aqueous phase. Here, we show the kinetic reads of the desorption of maltoside-containing detergents from β-barrel membrane proteins. Using steady-state fluorescence polarization (FP) anisotropy measurements, we recorded real-time, specific signatures of the PDC interactions. The results of these measurements were used to infer the model-dependent rate constants of association and dissociation of the proteomicelles. Remarkably, the kinetics of the PDC interactions depend on the overall protein charge despite the nonionic nature of the detergent monomers. In the future, this approach might be employed for high-throughput screening of kinetic fingerprints of different membrane proteins stabilized in micelles that contain mixtures of various detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Wolfe
- Department of Physics , Syracuse University , 201 Physics Building , Syracuse , New York 13244-1130 , United States.,Structural Biology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics Program , Syracuse University , 111 College Place , Syracuse , New York 13244-4100 , United States
| | - Jack F Gugel
- Department of Physics , Syracuse University , 201 Physics Building , Syracuse , New York 13244-1130 , United States
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 820 LGRT, 710 North Pleasant Street , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003-9336 , United States
| | - Liviu Movileanu
- Department of Physics , Syracuse University , 201 Physics Building , Syracuse , New York 13244-1130 , United States.,Structural Biology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics Program , Syracuse University , 111 College Place , Syracuse , New York 13244-4100 , United States.,Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering , Syracuse University , 223 Link Hall , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
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14
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Taylor EL, Kesavan PM, Wolfe AE, O'Brien PJ. Distinguishing Specific and Nonspecific Complexes of Alkyladenine DNA Glycosylase. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4440-4454. [PMID: 29940097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) recognizes many alkylated and deaminated purine lesions and excises them to initiate the base excision DNA repair pathway. AAG employs facilitated diffusion to rapidly scan nonspecific sites and locate rare sites of damage. Nonspecific DNA binding interactions are critical to the efficiency of this search for damage, but little is known about the binding footprint or the affinity of AAG for nonspecific sites. We used biochemical and biophysical approaches to characterize the binding of AAG to both undamaged and damaged DNA. Although fluorescence anisotropy is routinely used to study DNA binding, we found unexpected complexities in the data for binding of AAG to DNA. Systematic comparison of different fluorescent labels and different lengths of DNA allowed binding models to be distinguished and demonstrated that AAG can bind with high affinity and high density to nonspecific DNA. Fluorescein-labeled DNA gave the most complex behavior but also showed the greatest potential to distinguish specific and nonspecific binding modes. We suggest a unified model that is expected to apply to many DNA binding proteins that exhibit affinity for nonspecific DNA. Although AAG strongly prefers to excise lesions from duplex DNA, nonspecific binding is comparable for single- and double-stranded nonspecific sites. The electrostatically driven binding of AAG to small DNA sites (∼5 nucleotides of single-stranded and ∼6 base pairs of duplex) facilitates the search for DNA damage in chromosomal DNA, which is bound by nucleosomes and other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Taylor
- Department of Biological Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Preethi M Kesavan
- Department of Biological Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Abigail E Wolfe
- Department of Biological Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Patrick J O'Brien
- Department of Biological Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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15
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Chaturvedi SK, Ma J, Zhao H, Schuck P. Use of fluorescence-detected sedimentation velocity to study high-affinity protein interactions. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1777-1791. [PMID: 28771239 PMCID: PMC7466938 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sedimentation velocity (SV) analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) is a classic technique for the real-time observation of free macromolecular migration in solution driven by centrifugal force. This enables the analysis of macromolecular mass, shape, size distribution, and interactions. Although traditionally limited to determination of the sedimentation coefficient and binding affinity of proteins in the micromolar range, the implementation of modern detection and data analysis techniques has resulted in marked improvements in detection sensitivity and size resolution during the past decades. Fluorescence optical detection now permits the detection of recombinant proteins with fluorescence excitation at 488 or 561 nm at low picomolar concentrations, allowing for the study of high-affinity protein self-association and hetero-association. Compared with other popular techniques for measuring high-affinity protein-protein interactions, such as biosensing or calorimetry, the high size resolution of complexes at picomolar concentrations obtained with SV offers a distinct advantage in sensitivity and flexibility of the application. Here, we present a basic protocol for carrying out fluorescence-detected SV experiments and the determination of the size distribution and affinity of protein-antibody complexes with picomolar KD values. Using an EGFP-nanobody interaction as a model, this protocol describes sample preparation, ultracentrifugation, data acquisition, and data analysis. A variation of the protocol applying traditional absorbance or an interference optical system can be used for protein-protein interactions in the micromolar KD value range. Sedimentation experiments typically take ∼3 h of preparation and 6-12 h of run time, followed by data analysis (typically taking 1-3 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K. Chaturvedi
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Jia Ma
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Huaying Zhao
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Peter Schuck
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A
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16
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Li Y, Sun L, Zhao Q. Competitive fluorescence anisotropy/polarization assay for ATP using aptamer as affinity ligand and dye-labeled ATP as fluorescence tracer. Talanta 2017; 174:7-13. [PMID: 28738645 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We developed an aptamer-based competitive fluorescence anisotropy (FA)/fluorescence polarization (FP) assay for adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Different from the traditional fluorescence polarization immunoassays for small molecules, here DNA aptamer against ATP was used as affinity ligand, and tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) labeled ATP served as fluorescent tracer. The binding between TMR-labeled ATP and aptamer gave large FA due to molecular volume increase and restricted rotation of the dye-labeled ATP. When ATP was added in solution, ATP competitively displaced the TMR-labeled ATP from aptamer affinity complex, causing decrease of FA of TMR-labeled ATP. The buffer containing MgCl2 and incubation at low temperature were preferred for large FA change in the FA assay. The FA change was further enhanced in this competitive FA assay by increasing the molecular weight of aptamer through extension of aptamer sequences or conjugating streptavidin protein on aptamer. This method allowed for the detection of ATP in the range from 0.5μM to 1mM, generating the maximum FA change about 0.187 (corresponding maximum FP change about 0.242). The detection of ATP spiked in diluted urine or serum sample was achieved, showing capability for analysis in complex sample matrix. This assay also enabled the detection of the analogues of ATP, e.g. adenosine, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) with similar sensitivity. This aptamer-based competitive FA assay takes advantages of aptamer in ease of synthesis, good thermal stability, and facile modulating the molecular mass of aptamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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17
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Jeng SCY, Chan HHY, Booy EP, McKenna SA, Unrau PJ. Fluorophore ligand binding and complex stabilization of the RNA Mango and RNA Spinach aptamers. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 22:1884-1892. [PMID: 27777365 PMCID: PMC5113208 DOI: 10.1261/rna.056226.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The effective tracking and purification of biological RNAs and RNA protein complexes is currently challenging. One promising strategy to simultaneously address both of these problems is to develop high-affinity RNA aptamers against taggable small molecule fluorophores. RNA Mango is a 39-nucleotide, parallel-stranded G-quadruplex RNA aptamer motif that binds with nanomolar affinity to a set of thiazole orange (TO1) derivatives while simultaneously inducing a 103-fold increase in fluorescence. We find that RNA Mango has a large increase in its thermal stability upon the addition of its TO1-Biotin ligand. Consistent with this thermal stabilization, RNA Mango can effectively discriminate TO1-Biotin from a broad range of small molecule fluorophores. In contrast, RNA Spinach, which is known to have a substantially more rigid G-quadruplex structure, was found to bind to this set of fluorophores, often with higher affinity than to its native ligand, 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone (DFHBI), and did not exhibit thermal stabilization in the presence of the TO1-Biotin fluorophore. Our data suggest that RNA Mango is likely to use a concerted ligand-binding mechanism that allows it to simultaneously bind and recognize its TO1-Biotin ligand, whereas RNA Spinach appears to lack such a mechanism. The high binding affinity and fluorescent efficiency of RNA Mango provides a compelling alternative to RNA Spinach as an RNA reporter system and paves the way for the future development of small fluorophore RNA reporter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny C Y Jeng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hedy H Y Chan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Evan P Booy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Sean A McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peter J Unrau
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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18
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Chen C, Du Z, Wang J, Pan L. Temperature mapping using molecular diffusion based fluorescence thermometry via simultaneous imaging of two numerical apertures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:26599-26611. [PMID: 27857392 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.026599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a new optical technique to map two-dimensional temperature distributions in liquid solutions based on the thermal motion of fluorescent molecules. We simultaneously capture the fluorescence images of different numerical apertures (NAs) to resolve the temperature-dependent orientations of emission dipoles. In this work, we use two numerical apertures (2NA) prove the concept. This 2NA technique is robust against the intensity variations caused by photobleaching, unsteady illumination and nonuniform molecule distribution. Moreover, as the measured intensity of directional emission is insensitive to polarization changes, this method can be applied to polarizing materials, such as metal surfaces. Under this configuration, the 2NA technique offers another advantage of naturally filtering out the emission background that falls out of collection cones. We foresee the 2NA technique to open a new detection scheme of fluorescence thermometry.
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19
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Wei G, Yu J, Wang J, Gu P, Birch DJS, Chen Y. Hairpin DNA-functionalized gold nanorods for mRNA detection in homogenous solution. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:97001. [PMID: 27604563 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.9.097001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a fluorescent probe for mRNA detection. It consists of a gold nanorod (GNR) functionalized with fluorophore-labeled hairpin oligonucleotides (hpDNA) that are complementary to the mRNA of a target gene. This nanoprobe was found to be sensitive to a complementary oligonucleotide, as indicated by significant changes in both fluorescence intensity and lifetime. The influence of the surface density of hpDNA on the performance of this nanoprobe was investigated, suggesting that high hybridization efficiency could be achieved at a relatively low surface loading density of hpDNA. However, steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy revealed better overall performance, in terms of sensitivity and detection range, for nanoprobes with higher hairpin coverage. Time-resolved fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy revealed significant lifetime changes of the fluorophore upon hybridization of hpDNA with targets, providing further insight on the hybridization kinetics of the probe as well as the quenching efficiency of GNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoke Wei
- University of Strathclyde, Photophysics Group, Center for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Physics, SUPA, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, United KingdombBeihang University, Department of Physics, 37 Xuequan Road, Haidan, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Yu
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Royal College, 204 George Street, Glasgow G1 1XW, United Kingdom
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Beihang University, Department of Physics, 37 Xuequan Road, Haidan, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Gu
- University of Strathclyde, Photophysics Group, Center for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Physics, SUPA, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - David J S Birch
- University of Strathclyde, Photophysics Group, Center for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Physics, SUPA, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Chen
- University of Strathclyde, Photophysics Group, Center for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Physics, SUPA, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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20
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Pei X, Huang H, Chen Y, Li C, Liu F, Li N. Modulating fluorescence anisotropy of dye-labeled DNA without involving mass amplification. Talanta 2016; 154:567-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Kaur K, Kumar R, Mehta SK. Formulation of saponin stabilized nanoemulsion by ultrasonic method and its role to protect the degradation of quercitin from UV light. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 31:29-38. [PMID: 26964921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to prepare quercitin (QT) loaded o/w nanoemulsion using food grade surfactants (saponin and tween 80). The prepared nanoemulsion) was stable up to 30 days. The average particle size of the nanoemulsion was 52 ± 10 nm. The formation of saponin stabilized nanoemulsion was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Quercitin (QT) trapped nanoemulsion showed higher stability on exposure to UV light (254 nm) as compared to water/ethanol system. The degradation rate was found to decrease from 9 ± 1%, 11 ± 1% at pH 7.4, 8.0 respectively as compared to 42 ± 2% in water/ethanol system. Attempt was also made to study the interaction of QT with two different bile salts (sodium cholate and sodium taurocholate). The free radical scavenging activity of DPPH quercitin and curcumin was compared in NEm media. The obtained IC50 value of quercitin, curcumin and ascorbic acid are 28.88 ± 1, 45.53 ± 2 and 51.51 ± 2 μM respectively. The values of binding constant for sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium taurocholate (NaTC) are 2.66 × 10(5) and 2.72 × 10(4) M(-1) respectively. Sodium cholate (NaC) was found to show strong interaction towards quercitin (QT) due to more electron density on oxygen atom of carboxylate ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India.
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - S K Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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22
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Skoblov AY, Vichuzhanin MV, Farzan VM, Veselova OA, Konovalova TA, Podkolzin AT, Shipulin GA, Zatsepin TS. Solid- and solution-phase synthesis and application of R6G dual-labeled oligonucleotide probes. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6749-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Nardo L, Lamperti M, Salerno D, Cassina V, Missana N, Bondani M, Tempestini A, Mantegazza F. Effects of non-CpG site methylation on DNA thermal stability: a fluorescence study. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:10722-33. [PMID: 26354864 PMCID: PMC4678853 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosine methylation is a widespread epigenetic regulation mechanism. In healthy mature cells, methylation occurs at CpG dinucleotides within promoters, where it primarily silences gene expression by modifying the binding affinity of transcription factors to the promoters. Conversely, a recent study showed that in stem cells and cancer cell precursors, methylation also occurs at non-CpG pairs and involves introns and even gene bodies. The epigenetic role of such methylations and the molecular mechanisms by which they induce gene regulation remain elusive. The topology of both physiological and aberrant non-CpG methylation patterns still has to be detailed and could be revealed by using the differential stability of the duplexes formed between site-specific oligonucleotide probes and the corresponding methylated regions of genomic DNA. Here, we present a systematic study of the thermal stability of a DNA oligonucleotide sequence as a function of the number and position of non-CpG methylation sites. The melting temperatures were determined by monitoring the fluorescence of donor-acceptor dual-labelled oligonucleotides at various temperatures. An empirical model that estimates the methylation-induced variations in the standard values of hybridization entropy and enthalpy was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Nardo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza, MB 20900, Italy
| | - Marco Lamperti
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, CO 22100, Italy
| | - Domenico Salerno
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza, MB 20900, Italy
| | - Valeria Cassina
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza, MB 20900, Italy
| | - Natalia Missana
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza, MB 20900, Italy
| | - Maria Bondani
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Via Valleggio 11, Como, CO 22100, Italy
| | - Alessia Tempestini
- LENS-Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Firenze, Via Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019, Italy
| | - Francesco Mantegazza
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza, MB 20900, Italy
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24
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Zhao Q, Lv Q, Wang H. Aptamer fluorescence anisotropy sensors for adenosine triphosphate by comprehensive screening tetramethylrhodamine labeled nucleotides. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:188-93. [PMID: 25814408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported a fluorescence anisotropy (FA) approach for small molecules using tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) labeled aptamer. It relies on target-binding induced change of intramolecular interaction between TMR and guanine (G) base. TMR-labeling sites are crucial for this approach. Only terminal ends and thymine (T) bases could be tested for TMR labeling in our previous work, possibly causing limitation in analysis of different targets with this FA strategy. Here, taking the analysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an example, we demonstrated a success of conjugating TMR on other bases of aptamer adenine (A) or cytosine (C) bases and an achievement of full mapping various labeling sites of aptamers. We successfully constructed aptamer fluorescence anisotropy (FA) sensors for adenosine triphosphate (ATP). We conjugated single TMR on adenine (A), cytosine (C), or thymine (T) bases or terminals of a 25-mer aptamer against ATP and tested FA responses of 14 TMR-labeled aptamer to ATP. The aptamers having TMR labeled on the 16th base C or 23rd base A were screened out and exhibited significant FA-decreasing or FA-increasing responses upon ATP, respectively. These two favorable TMR-labeled aptamers enabled direct FA sensing ATP with a detection limit of 1 µM and the analysis of ATP in diluted serum. The comprehensive screening various TMR labeling sites of aptamers facilitates the successful construction of FA sensors using TMR-labeled aptamers. It will expand application of TMR-G interaction based aptamer FA strategy to a variety of targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Qin Lv
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
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25
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Eisold U, Sellrie F, Schenk JA, Lenz C, Stöcklein WFM, Kumke MU. Bright or dark immune complexes of anti-TAMRA antibodies for adapted fluorescence-based bioanalysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3313-23. [PMID: 25711988 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence labels, for example fluorescein or rhodamin derivatives, are widely used in bioanalysis applications including lateral-flow assays, PCR, and fluorescence microscopy. Depending on the layout of the particular application, fluorescence quenching or enhancement may be desired as the detection principle. Especially for multiplexed applications or high-brightness requirements, a tunable fluorescence probe can be beneficial. The alterations in the photophysics of rhodamine derivatives upon binding to two different anti-TAMRA antibodies were investigated by absorption and fluorescence-spectroscopy techniques, especially determining the fluorescence decay time and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy. Two monoclonal anti-TAMRA antibodies were generated by the hybridoma technique. Although surface-plasmon-resonance measurements clearly proved the high affinity of both antibodies towards 5-TAMRA, the observed effects on the fluorescence of rhodamine derivatives were very different. Depending on the anti-TAMRA antibody either a strong fluorescence quenching (G71-DC7) or a distinct fluorescence enhancement (G71-BE11) upon formation of the immune complex was observed. Additional rhodamine derivatives were used to gain further information on the binding interaction. The data reveal that such haptens as 5-TAMRA could generate different paratopes with equal binding affinities but different binding interactions, which provide the opportunity to adapt bioanalysis methods including immunoassays for optimized detection principles for the same hapten depending on the specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Eisold
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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26
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Huang H, Wei H, Zou M, Xu X, Xia B, Liu F, Li N. Modulating fluorescence anisotropy of terminally labeled double-stranded DNA via the interaction between dye and nucleotides for rational design of DNA recognition based applications. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2748-54. [PMID: 25671552 DOI: 10.1021/ac504028n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Effective signal enhancement for fluorescence anisotropy in a simple manner is most desirable for fluorescence anisotropy method development. This work aimed to provide insights into the fluorescence anisotropy of terminally labeled double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) to facilitate a facile and universal design strategy for DNA recognition based applications. We demonstrated that fluorescence anisotropy of dsDNA could be regulated by the nature of dyes, the molecular volume, and the end structure of dsDNA. Fluorescence anisotropy ascended with the increased number of base pairs up to 18 bp and leveled off thereafter, indicating the molecular volume was not the only factor responsible for fluorescence anisotropy. By choosing dyes with the positively charged center, high fluorescence anisotropy signal was obtained due to the confinement of the segmental motion of dyes through the electrostatic interaction. By properly designing the end structure of dsDNA, fluorescence anisotropy could be further improved by enlarging the effective overall rotational volume, as supported by two-dimensional (2D) (1)H-(1)H nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY). With the successful enhancement of the fluorescence anisotropy for terminally labeled dsDNA, simple and universal designs were demonstrated by sensing of major classes of analytes from macromolecules (DNA and protein) to small molecules (cocaine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongduan Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, ‡Beijing NMR Center, and §College of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, 100871, China
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27
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Dougherty CA, Vaidyanathan S, Orr BG, Banaszak Holl MM. Fluorophore:dendrimer ratio impacts cellular uptake and intracellular fluorescence lifetime. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:304-15. [PMID: 25625297 DOI: 10.1021/bc5005735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
G5-NH2-TAMRAn (n = 1-4, 5+, and 1.5(avg)) were prepared with n = 1-4 as a precise dye:dendrimer ratio, 5+ as a mixture of dendrimers with 5 or more dye per dendrimer, and 1.5(avg) as a Poisson distribution of dye:dendrimer ratios with a mean of 1.5 dye per dendrimer. The absorption intensity increased sublinearly with n whereas the fluorescence emission and lifetime decreased with an increasing number of dyes per dendrimer. Flow cytometry was employed to quantify uptake into HEK293A cells. Dendrimers with 2-4 dyes were found to have greater uptake than dendrimer with a single dye. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) showed that the different dye:dendrimer ratio alone was sufficient to change the fluorescence lifetime of the material observed inside cells. We also observed that the lifetime of G5-NH2-TAMRA5+ increased when present in the cell as compared to solution. However, cells treated with G5-NH2-TAMRA1.5(avg) did not exhibit the high lifetime components present in G5-NH2-TAMRA1 and G5-NH2-TAMRA5+. In general, the effects of the dye:dendrimer ratio on fluorescence lifetime were of similar magnitude to environmentally induced lifetime shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey A Dougherty
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, and §Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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28
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Gray RD, Trent JO, Chaires JB. Folding and unfolding pathways of the human telomeric G-quadruplex. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:1629-50. [PMID: 24487181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sequence analogs of human telomeric DNA such as d[AGGG(TTAGGG)3] (Tel22) fold into monomeric quadruplex structures in the presence of a suitable cation. To investigate the pathway for unimolecular quadruplex formation, we monitored the kinetics of K(+)-induced folding of Tel22 by circular dichroism (CD), intrinsic 2-aminopurine fluorescence, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The results are consistent with a four-step pathway U ↔ I1 ↔ I2 ↔ I3 ↔ F where U and F represent unfolded and folded conformational ensembles and I1, I2, and I3 are intermediates. Previous kinetic studies have shown that I1 is formed in a rapid pre-equilibrium and may consist of an ensemble of "prefolded" hairpin structures brought about by cation-induced electrostatic collapse of the DNA. The current study shows that I1 converts to I2 with a relaxation time τ1=0.1s at 25 °C in 25 mM KCl. The CD spectrum of I2 is characteristic of an antiparallel quadruplex that could form as a result of intramolecular fold-over of the I1 hairpins. I3 is relatively slowly formed (τ2≈3700s) and has CD and FRET properties consistent with those expected of a triplex structure as previously observed in equilibrium melting studies. I3 converts to F with τ3≈750s. Identical pathways with different kinetic constants involving a rapidly formed antiparallel intermediate were observed with oligonucleotides forming mixed parallel/antiparallel hybrid-1 and hybrid-2 topologies {e.g. d[TTGGG(TTAGGG)3A] and d[TAGGG(TTAGGG)3TT]}. Aspects of the kinetics of unfolding were also monitored by the spectroscopic methods listed above and by time-resolved fluorescence lifetime measurements using a complementary strand trap assay. These experiments reveal a slow, rate-limiting step along the unfolding pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Gray
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - John O Trent
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jonathan B Chaires
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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29
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Zhao Q, Lv Q, Wang H. Identification of allosteric nucleotide sites of tetramethylrhodamine-labeled aptamer for noncompetitive aptamer-based fluorescence anisotropy detection of a small molecule, ochratoxin A. Anal Chem 2013; 86:1238-45. [PMID: 24354298 DOI: 10.1021/ac4035532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aptamer-based fluorescence anisotropy (FA) assay combines the advantages of affinity aptamers in good stability, easy generation, and facile labeling and the benefits of FA in homogeneous analysis, such as robustness, simplicity, and high reproducibility. By using a fluorophore-labeled aptamer, FA detection of a small molecule is not as easy as detection of protein because the binding of a small molecule cannot cause significant increase of molecular weight of the dye-labeled aptamer. The intramolecular interaction between labeled tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) and DNA aptamer bases dramatically affects the local rotation and FA of TMR. This intramolecular interaction can be altered by aptamer conformation change upon target binding, leading to a significant change of FA of TMR. Taking this unique feature of a TMR-labeled aptamer, we described a noncompetitive aptamer-based fluorescence anisotropy assay for detection of small molecules by using ochratoxin A (OTA) as a model. We successfully identified the specific TMR-labeling sites of aptamers with sensitive FA response to OTA from the 5'-end, 3'-end and the internal thymine (T) bases. The aptamer with a TMR labeled on the 10th T base exhibited a remarkable FA reduction response to OTA (Δr = 0.078), without requiring any proteins or nanomaterials as FA signal enhancers. This FA approach for OTA showed high sensitivity with a detection limit of 3 nM, a dynamic range from 3 nM to 3 μM, and good selectivity over the tested compounds with similar structures to OTA. The new strategy allowed the detection of OTA in diluted red wine and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Research Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030006, People's Republic of China
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Olofsson L, Margeat E. Pulsed interleaved excitation fluorescence spectroscopy with a supercontinuum source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:3370-3378. [PMID: 23481797 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.003370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed Interleaved Excitation (PIE) improves fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) and single pair Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (spFRET) measurements, by correlating each detected photon to the excitation source that generated it. It relies on the interleaving of two picosecond laser sources and time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) detection. Here, we present an optical configuration based on a commercial supercontinuum laser, which generates multicoulour interleaved picosecond pulses with arbitrary spacing and wavelengths within the visible spectrum. This simple, yet robust configuration can be used as a versatile source for PIE experiments, as an alternative to an array of picosecond lasers and drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Olofsson
- CNRS UMR5048, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
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31
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Preus S, Wilhelmsson LM. Advances in quantitative FRET-based methods for studying nucleic acids. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1990-2001. [PMID: 22936620 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful tool for monitoring molecular distances and interactions at the nanoscale level. The strong dependence of transfer efficiency on probe separation makes FRET perfectly suited for "on/off" experiments. To use FRET to obtain quantitative distances and three-dimensional structures, however, is more challenging. This review summarises recent studies and technological advances that have improved FRET as a quantitative molecular ruler in nucleic acid systems, both at the ensemble and at the single-molecule levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Preus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Zhu Z, Ravelet C, Perrier S, Guieu V, Fiore E, Peyrin E. Single-stranded DNA binding protein-assisted fluorescence polarization aptamer assay for detection of small molecules. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7203-11. [PMID: 22793528 DOI: 10.1021/ac301552e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a new fluorescence polarization aptamer assay (FPAA) strategy which is based on the use of the single-stranded DNA binding (SSB) protein from Escherichia coli as a strong FP signal enhancer tool. This approach relied on the unique ability of the SSB protein to bind the nucleic acid aptamer in its free state but not in its target-bound folded one. Such a feature was exploited by using the antiadenosine (Ade)-DNA aptamer (Apt-A) as a model functional nucleic acid. Two fluorophores (fluorescein and Texas Red) were introduced into different sites of Apt-A to design a dozen fluorescent tracers. In the absence of the Ade target, the binding of the labeled aptamers to SSB governed a very high fluorescence anisotropy increase (in the 0.130-0.200 range) as the consequence of (i) the large global diffusion difference between the free and SSB-bound tracers and (ii) the restricted movement of the dye in the SSB-bound state. When the analyte was introduced into the reaction system, the formation of the folded tertiary structure of the Ade-Apt-A complex triggered the release of the labeled nucleic acids from the protein, leading to a strong decrease in the fluorescence anisotropy. The key factors involved in the fluorescence anisotropy change were considered through the development of a competitive displacement model, and the optimal tracer candidate was selected for the Ade assay under buffer and realistic (diluted human serum) conditions. The SSB-assisted principle was found to operate also with another aptamer system, i.e., the antiargininamide DNA aptamer, and a different biosensing configuration, i.e., the sandwich-like design, suggesting the broad usefulness of the present approach. This sensing platform allowed generation of a fluorescence anisotropy signal for aptamer probes which did not operate under the direct format and greatly improved the assay response relative to that of the most previously reported small target FPAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhu
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire UMR 5063, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble FR 2607, CNRS-Université Grenoble I (Joseph Fourier), 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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33
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Stennett EMS, Kodis G, Levitus M. Photobleaching and Blinking of TAMRA Induced by Mn2+. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:909-13. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Stein IH, Capone S, Smit JH, Baumann F, Cordes T, Tinnefeld P. Linking single-molecule blinking to chromophore structure and redox potentials. Chemphyschem 2011; 13:931-7. [PMID: 22162072 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intensity fluctuations between an ON-state and an OFF-state, also called blinking, are common to all luminescent objects when studied at the level of individuals. We studied blinking of three dyes from a homologous series (Cy3, Cy5, Cy7). The underlying radical anion states were induced by removing oxidants (i.e. oxygen) and by adding the reductant ascorbic acid. We find that for different conditions with distinct levels of oxidants in solution the OFF-state lifetime always increases in the order Cy3<Cy5<Cy7. Longer OFF-times are related to higher reduction potentials of the fluorophores, which increase with the size of the chromophore. Interestingly, we find reaction rates of the radical anion that are unexpectedly low at the assumed oxygen concentration. On the other hand, reaction rates meet the expectations of similar Rehm-Weller plots when methylviologen is used as oxidant, confirming the model of photoinduced reduction and oxidation reactions. The relation of OFF-state lifetimes to redox potentials might enable predictions about the nature of dark states, depending on the fluorophores' nano-environment in super-resolution microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo H Stein
- NanoBioScience Group, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Nguyen TH, Pei R, Stojanovic M, Lin Q. Demonstration and Characterization of Biomolecular Enrichment on Microfluidic Aptamer-Functionalized Surfaces. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2011; 155:58-66. [PMID: 21765612 PMCID: PMC3135969 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates and systematically characterizes the enrichment of biomolecular compounds using aptamer-functionalized surfaces within a microfluidic device. The device consists of a microchamber packed with aptamer-functionalized microbeads and integrated with a microheater and temperature sensor to enable thermally controlled binding and release of biomolecules by the aptamer. We first present an equilibrium binding-based analytical model to understand the enrichment process. The characteristics of the aptamer-analyte binding and enrichment are then experimentally studied, using adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and a specific RNA aptamer as a model system. The temporal process of AMP binding to the aptamer is found to be primarily determined by the aptamer-AMP binding kinetics. The temporal process of aptamer-AMP dissociation at varying temperatures is also obtained and observed to occur relatively rapidly (< 2 s). The specificity of the enrichment is next confirmed by performing selective enrichment of AMP from a sample containing biomolecular impurities. Finally, we investigate the enrichment of AMP by either discrete or continuous introduction of a dilute sample into the microchamber, demonstrating enrichment factors ranging from 566 to 686×, which agree with predictions of the analytical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai Huu Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Renjun Pei
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Milan Stojanovic
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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36
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Ranasinghe RT, Brown T. Ultrasensitive fluorescence-based methods for nucleic acid detection: towards amplification-free genetic analysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3717-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04215c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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37
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Morgan MT, Maiti A, Fitzgerald ME, Drohat AC. Stoichiometry and affinity for thymine DNA glycosylase binding to specific and nonspecific DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:2319-29. [PMID: 21097883 PMCID: PMC3064789 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Deamination of 5-methylcytosine to thymine creates mutagenic G·T mispairs, contributing to cancer and genetic disease. Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) removes thymine from these G·T lesions, and follow-on base excision repair yields a G·C pair. A previous crystal structure revealed TDG (catalytic domain) bound to abasic DNA product in a 2:1 complex, one subunit at the abasic site and the other bound to undamaged DNA. Biochemical studies showed TDG can bind abasic DNA with 1:1 or 2:1 stoichiometry, but the dissociation constants were unknown, as was the stoichiometry and affinity for binding substrates and undamaged DNA. We showed that 2:1 binding is dispensable for G·U activity, but its role in G·T repair was unknown. Using equilibrium binding anisotropy experiments, we show that a single TDG subunit binds very tightly to G·U mispairs and abasic (G·AP) sites, and somewhat less tightly G·T mispairs. Kinetics experiments show 1:1 binding provides full G·T activity. TDG binds undamaged CpG sites with remarkable affinity, modestly weaker than G·T mispairs, and exhibits substantial affinity for nonspecific DNA. While 2:1 binding is observed for large excess TDG concentrations, our findings indicate that a single TDG subunit is fully capable of locating and processing G·U or G·T lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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38
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Veiksina S, Kopanchuk S, Rinken A. Fluorescence anisotropy assay for pharmacological characterization of ligand binding dynamics to melanocortin 4 receptors. Anal Biochem 2010; 402:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Ohtake N, Niikura K, Suzuki T, Nagakawa K, Mikuni S, Matsuo Y, Kinjo M, Sawa H, Ijiro K. Low pH-Triggered Model Drug Molecule Release from Virus-Like Particles. Chembiochem 2010; 11:959-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Delgadillo RF, Parkhurst LJ. Spectroscopic Properties of Fluorescein and Rhodamine Dyes Attached to DNA. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:261-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Kaji T, Ito S, Iwai S, Miyasaka H. Nanosecond to submillisecond dynamics in dye-labeled single-stranded DNA, as revealed by ensemble measurements and photon statistics at single-molecule level. J Phys Chem B 2010; 113:13917-25. [PMID: 19780517 DOI: 10.1021/jp811122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule and ensemble time-resolved fluorescence measurements were applied for the investigation of the conformational dynamics of single-stranded DNA, ssDNA, connected with a fluorescein dye by a C6 linker, where the motions both of DNA and the C6 linker affect the geometry of the system. From the ensemble measurement of the fluorescence quenching via photoinduced electron transfer with a guanine base in the DNA sequence, three main conformations were found in aqueous solution: a conformation unaffected by the guanine base in the excited state lifetime of fluorescein, a conformation in which the fluorescence is dynamically quenched in the excited-state lifetime, and a conformation leading to rapid quenching via nonfluorescent complex. The analysis by using the parameters acquired from the ensemble measurements for interphoton time distribution histograms and FCS autocorrelations by the single-molecule measurement revealed that interconversion in these three conformations took place with two characteristic time constants of several hundreds of nanoseconds and tens of microseconds. The advantage of the combination use of the ensemble measurements with the single-molecule detections for rather complex dynamic motions is discussed by integrating the experimental results with those obtained by molecular dynamics simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kaji
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science and Center for Quantum Materials Science under Extreme Conditions, Osaka University, Machikaneyama1-3, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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42
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Zhang XF. The effect of phenyl substitution on the fluorescence characteristics of fluorescein derivatives via intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:1261-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00184h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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44
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Song C, Zhao M. Real-time monitoring of the activity and kinetics of T4 polynucleotide kinase by a singly labeled DNA-hairpin smart probe coupled with lambda exonuclease cleavage. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1383-8. [PMID: 19170527 DOI: 10.1021/ac802107w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel method for real-time monitoring of the activity and kinetics of T4 polynucleotide kinase (PNK) by use of a singly fluorophore-labeled DNA-hairpin smart probe (SP) coupled with lambda exonuclease (lambda exo) cleavage. The method was performed in a sealed reaction tube and offered more sensitive, fast, high-throughput, and cost-effective detection. The SP was designed with a fluorophore at the 3'-end, and the fluorescence was quenched by a GGG-triplet at the 5'-end without any other additional quenchers. The 5'-hydroxyl group of the SP was phosphorylated by T4 PNK in the presence of ATP, and the resulting 5'-phosphoryl end product was promptly cleaved by lambda exo, which caused significant enhancement of fluorescence. A fast and accurate method for assaying the kinase activity of T4 PNK was developed with a wide linear detection range from 0.022 to 5.6 nM s(-1). The phosphorylation reaction was monitored at varying substrate concentrations at the molecular level, and K(m), V(max), and K(cat) values were all calculated. Furthermore, the effects of ATP concentration and salts were investigated. The developed method can be easily adapted to the detection of many other nucleic acid enzymes and may find widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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45
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Vladimirov E, Ivanova A, Rösch N. Solvent Reorganization Energies in A-DNA, B-DNA, and Rhodamine 6G−DNA Complexes from Molecular Dynamics Simulations with a Polarizable Force Field. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:4425-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809774q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Egor Vladimirov
- Theoretische Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany, and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia, 1 J. Bourchier Ave., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anela Ivanova
- Theoretische Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany, and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia, 1 J. Bourchier Ave., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Notker Rösch
- Theoretische Chemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany, and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia, 1 J. Bourchier Ave., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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46
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Raphael MP, Christodoulides JA, Qadri SN, Qadri SA, Miller MM, Kurihara LK, Byers JM. The use of DNA molecular beacons as nanoscale temperature probes for microchip-based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:894-8. [PMID: 18760910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Today's biosensors and drug delivery devices are increasingly incorporating lithographically patterned circuitry that is placed within microns of the biological molecules to be detected or released. Elevated temperatures due to Joule heating from the underlying circuitry cannot only reduce device performance, but also alter the biological activity of such molecules (i.e. binding, enzymatic, folding). As a consequence, biochip design and characterization will increasingly require local measurements of the temperature and temperature gradients on the biofunctionalized surface. We have developed a technique to address this challenge based on the use of DNA molecular beacons as a nanoscale temperature probe. The surface of fused-silica chips with lithographically patterned, current-carrying gold rings have been functionalized with a layer of molecular beacons. We utilize the temperature dependence of the molecular beacons to calibrate the temperature at the center of the rings as a function of applied current from 25 to 50 degrees C. The fluorescent images of the rings reveal the extent of heating to the surrounding chip due to the applied current while resolving temperature gradients over length scales of less than 500nm. Finite element analysis and analytic calculations of the distribution of heat in the vicinity of the current-carrying rings agree well with the experimental results. Thus, molecular beacons are shown to be a viable tool for temperature calibration of micron-sized circuitry and the visualization of submicron temperature gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Raphael
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington DC 20375-5320, USA
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47
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Venkatesan N, Seo YJ, Kim BH. Quencher-free molecular beacons: a new strategy in fluorescence based nucleic acid analysis. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:648-63. [PMID: 18362974 DOI: 10.1039/b705468h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular beacons (MBs) have been used as viable fluorescent probes in nucleic acid analysis. Many researchers around the world continue to modify the MBs to suit their needs. As a result, a number of nucleic acid probing systems with close resemblance to the MBs are being reported from time to time. Quencher-free molecular beacons (QF-MBs) are a significant modification of the conventional MB; in QF-MBs the quencher part has been eliminated. Despite the absence of the quencher, the QF-MBs can identify specific target DNA. They can also be used in SNP typing and in real-time PCR analysis for quantification of DNAs. The design, factors behind functioning and applications of different types of QF-MBs and closely related quencher-free nucleic acid probing systems (QF-NAPs) have been described in this tutorial review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Venkatesan
- Laboratory for Modified Nucleic Acid Systems, Department of Chemistry, BK School of Molecular Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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48
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Yildiz I, Tomasulo M, Raymo FM. Electron and energy transfer mechanisms to switch the luminescence of semiconductor quantum dots. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b809952a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Abstract
This chapter is focused on the fluorescent pteridine guanine analogs, 3MI and 6MI and on the pteridine adenine analog, 6MAP. A brief overview of commonly used methods to fluorescently label oligonucleotides reveals the role the pteridines play in the extensive variety of available probes. We describe the fluorescence characteristics of the pteridine probes as monomers and incorporated into DNA and review a variety of applications including changes in fluorescence intensity, anisotropies, time resolved studies, two photon excitation and single molecule detection.
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50
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Ivanova A, Jezierski G, Vladimirov E, Rösch N. Structure of Rhodamine 6G−DNA Complexes from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:3429-38. [PMID: 17894466 DOI: 10.1021/bm700549g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chromophore-DNA complexes are useful for understanding charge transport along pi-stacks once their structural properties have been clarified. We studied two rhodamine 6G semicapping complexes with 15-mer B-DNA duplexes to determine the preferred orientation of the dye with respect to the neighboring base pair. For each of these systems, two distinct chromophore alignments were identified and quantified in terms of base-step parameters. The obtained geometries agree well with those derived from an NMR structure refinement of similar complexes. Cross-correlation analysis of the base-step parameters shows that slide and twist are highly interdependent during the structural transition from one conformation to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anela Ivanova
- Department Chemie, Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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