1
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Bregnhøj M, Thorning F, Ogilby PR. Singlet Oxygen Photophysics: From Liquid Solvents to Mammalian Cells. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9949-10051. [PMID: 39106038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen, O2, has long provided a cornerstone for studies in chemistry, physics, and biology. Although the triplet ground state, O2(X3Σg-), has garnered much attention, the lowest excited electronic state, O2(a1Δg), commonly called singlet oxygen, has attracted appreciable interest, principally because of its unique chemical reactivity in systems ranging from the Earth's atmosphere to biological cells. Because O2(a1Δg) can be produced and deactivated in processes that involve light, the photophysics of O2(a1Δg) are equally important. Moreover, pathways for O2(a1Δg) deactivation that regenerate O2(X3Σg-), which address fundamental principles unto themselves, kinetically compete with the chemical reactions of O2(a1Δg) and, thus, have practical significance. Due to technological advances (e.g., lasers, optical detectors, microscopes), data acquired in the past ∼20 years have increased our understanding of O2(a1Δg) photophysics appreciably and facilitated both spatial and temporal control over the behavior of O2(a1Δg). One goal of this Review is to summarize recent developments that have broad ramifications, focusing on systems in which oxygen forms a contact complex with an organic molecule M (e.g., a liquid solvent). An important concept is the role played by the M+•O2-• charge-transfer state in both the formation and deactivation of O2(a1Δg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Frederik Thorning
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Peter R Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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2
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Wang D, Kuzma ML, Tan X, He TC, Dong C, Liu Z, Yang J. Phototherapy and optical waveguides for the treatment of infection. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114036. [PMID: 34740763 PMCID: PMC8665112 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant microbes, it is imperative to seek alternative means for infection control. Optical waveguides are an auspicious delivery method for precise administration of phototherapy. Studies have shown that phototherapy is promising in fighting against a myriad of infectious pathogens (i.e. viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) including biofilm-forming species and drug-resistant strains while evading treatment resistance. When administered via optical waveguides, phototherapy can treat both superficial and deep-tissue infections while minimizing off-site effects that afflict conventional phototherapy and pharmacotherapy. Despite great therapeutic potential, exact mechanisms, materials, and fabrication designs to optimize this promising treatment option are underexplored. This review outlines principles and applications of phototherapy and optical waveguides for infection control. Research advances, challenges, and outlook regarding this delivery system are rigorously discussed in a hope to inspire future developments of optical waveguide-mediated phototherapy for the management of infection and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbowen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Michelle Laurel Kuzma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xinyu Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Academy of Orthopedics, Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510280, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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3
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Ossola R, Jönsson OM, Moor K, McNeill K. Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields in Environmental Waters. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4100-4146. [PMID: 33683861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is a reactive oxygen species produced in sunlit waters via energy transfer from the triplet states of natural sensitizers. There has been an increasing interest in measuring apparent 1O2 quantum yields (ΦΔ) of aquatic and atmospheric organic matter samples, driven in part by the fact that this parameter can be used for environmental fate modeling of organic contaminants and to advance our understanding of dissolved organic matter photophysics. However, the lack of reproducibility across research groups and publications remains a challenge that significantly limits the usability of literature data. In the first part of this review, we critically evaluate the experimental techniques that have been used to determine ΦΔ values of natural organic matter, we identify and quantify sources of errors that potentially explain the large variability in the literature, and we provide general experimental recommendations for future studies. In the second part, we provide a qualitative overview of known ΦΔ trends as a function of organic matter type, isolation and extraction procedures, bulk water chemistry parameters, molecular and spectroscopic organic matter features, chemical treatments, wavelength, season, and location. This review is supplemented with a comprehensive database of ΦΔ values of environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Ossola
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oskar Martin Jönsson
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kyle Moor
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, 84322 Logan, Utah, United States
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Barera S, Dall'Osto L, Bassi R. Effect of lhcsr gene dosage on oxidative stress and light use efficiency by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures. J Biotechnol 2021; 328:12-22. [PMID: 33434600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Unicellular green algae, a promising source for renewable biofuels, produce lipid-rich biomass from light and CO2. Productivity in photo-bioreactors is affected by inhomogeneous light distribution from high cell pigment causing heat dissipation of light energy absorbed in excess and shading of the deep layers. Contrasting reports have been published on the relation between photoprotective energy dissipation and productivity. Here, we have re-investigated the relation between energy quenching (qE) activity, photodamage and light use efficiency by comparing WT and two Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains differing for their complement in LHCSR proteins, which catalyse dissipation of excitation energy in excess (qE). Strains were analysed for ROS production, protein composition, rate of photodamage and productivity assessed under wide light and CO2 conditions. The strain lacking LHCSR1 and knocked down in LHCSR3, thus depleted in qE, produced O2 at significantly higher rate under high light, accompanied by enhanced singlet oxygen release and PSII photodamage. However, biomass productivity of WT was delayed in respect for mutant strains under intermittent light conditions only, implying that PSII activity was not the limiting factor under excess light. Contrary to previous proposals, domestication of Chlamydomonas for carbon assimilation rate in photo-bioreactors by down-regulation of photoprotective energy dissipation was ineffective in increasing algal biomass productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Barera
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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5
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Feng X, Wang X, Wang H, Wu H, Liu Z, Zhou W, Lin Q, Jiang J. Elucidating J-Aggregation Effect in Boosting Singlet-Oxygen Evolution Using Zirconium-Porphyrin Frameworks: A Comprehensive Structural, Catalytic, and Spectroscopic Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45118-45125. [PMID: 31713412 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are powerful toolkits to directly correlate structure-function relationships due to their well-defined structures. In this work, 5,15-di(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (DTPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetra(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (TTPP) are reacted with zirconium ions to afford two MOFs (Zr-DTPP and Zr-TTPP) with acid and base tolerance in the pH range of 1.0-14.0. Powder X-ray diffraction investigation combined with Rietveld refinement reveals the J-aggregated porphyrin building blocks confined by benzene-1,2,3-trisolate-zirconium chains in the newly prepared Zr-DTPP. Electron spin-resonance, singlet-oxygen determination, and sulfides oxidation experiments demonstrate a much better singlet-oxygen evolution of J-aggregated Zr-DTPP than that of unaggregated Zr-TTPP reported previously, in good contrast to the weaker photocatalytic capability disclosed for DTPP than that for TTPP in solution, consummating the theory of photosensitizer J-aggregation in boosting heterogeneous photoinduced singlet-oxygen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuenan Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Xiqian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Hui Wu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899-6102 , United States
| | - Zhanning Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Wei Zhou
- NIST Center for Neutron Research , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899-6102 , United States
| | - Qipu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
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6
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Sandoval-Altamirano C, De la Fuente J, Berrios E, Sanchez S, Pizarro N, Morales J, Gunther G. Photophysical characterization of hydroxy and ethoxy phenalenone derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Casellas J, Reguero M. Photosensitization Versus Photocyclization: Competitive Reactions of Phenylphenalenone in Its Role as Phytoanticipins in Plant Defense Strategies. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:811-821. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Casellas
- Departament de Química
Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo,1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mar Reguero
- Departament de Química
Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo,1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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8
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Bucher G. Interaction of Triplet Excited States of Ketones with Nucleophilic Groups: (π,π*) and (n,π*) versus (σ*,π*) States. Substituent-Induced State Switching in Triplet Ketones. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular interaction of ketone triplet excited states with nucleophilic substituents is investigated by studying the electronic properties of phenalenone and a range of phenalenones functionalized in position 9 as a model system. In accordance with the literature, a (π,π*) triplet excited state is predicted for phenalenone. Similarly, 9-fluoro-, 9-chloro-, and 9-methoxyphenalenone are calculated to have (π,π*) lowest triplet excited states, whereas the lowest triplet states of 9-bromo-, 9-iodo, 9-methylthio, and 9-dimethylaminophenalenone are predicted to have (σ*,π*) character. As a result of the interaction between halogen and oxygen lone pairs increasing with increasing orbital size, the antibonding linear combination of substituent lone pairs with oxygen lone pairs sufficiently rises in energy to change the character of the lowest triplet excited state of the 9-substituted phenalenones from (π,π*) to (σ*,π*). These unusual triplet excited states or exciplexes should essentially behave like (n,π*) triplets states, but will differ from pure (n,π*) states by showing significant spin densities at the substituent heteroatoms, predicted to reach values of 0.25 for 9-iodophenalenone, and ~0.5 for 9-dimethylaminophenalenone. Vertical T1–T2 excitation energies calculated indicate that the stabilization of the (σ*,π*) relative to the (π,π*) state can reach 1 eV. Preliminary calculations on the triplet excited states of 2-iodobenzophenone, 4-iodo-2-butanone, and iodoacetone indicate that intramolecular triplet exciplex formation should be a general phenomenon, as long as the ring being formed is at least a five-membered ring.
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9
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Rajagopal SK, Mallia AR, Hariharan M. Enhanced intersystem crossing in carbonylpyrenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:28225-28231. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04834c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photoexcited state relaxation of carbonylpyrenes displays ultrafast intersystem crossing to generate near-unity triplet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinaj K. Rajagopal
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram 695551
- India
| | - Ajith R. Mallia
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram 695551
- India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram 695551
- India
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10
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Nielsen CBO, Sørensen HO, Kongsted J. Comparison between Theoretically and Experimentally Determined Electronic Properties: Applications to Two-Photon Singlet Oxygen Sensitizers. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1906-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5122849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Benedikt Orea Nielsen
- Polymer
Department, Risø National Laboratory, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henning Osholm Sørensen
- Nano-Science
Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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11
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De la Fuente JR, Kciuk G, Aliaga C, Bobrowski K. Spectral and Kinetic Properties of Radical Cations Derived from Oxoisoaporphines: Relevance to Electron-Transfer Processes Involving Phytoalexins. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3775-3786. [PMID: 24802509 DOI: 10.1021/jp502406u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The thermally induced intermolecular electron transfer reaction in acetonitrile between the tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), a π-electron acceptor with a large electron affinity, and six oxoisoaporphines (2,3-dihydro-7H-dibenzo[de,h]quinolin-7-one, 5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-7H-dibenzo[de,h]quinolin-7-one, 1-azabenzo[de]anthracen-7-one, 5-methoxy-1-azabenzo[de]anthracen-7-one, 7H-benzo[e]perimidin-7-one, and 2-methyl-7h-benzo[e]perimidin-7-one) is reported. Spectral and kinetic characteristics are presented for radical cations derived from these six oxoisoaporphines either generated by a thermal reaction or generated radiolytically in argon-saturated 1,2-dichloroethane, oxygen-saturated acetone, and acetonitrile. The radical cations of oxoisoaporphines are insensitive to oxygen and are mostly characterized by absorption maxima of their most intense bands located at λmax = 400-410 nm, except of the radical cations derived from 2,3-dihydrooxoisoaporphines. For the latter compounds, the absorption maxima of the most intense absorption bands are located at λmax = 290-295 nm. Their locations are independent of the presence of functional groups and the solvents used. They are formed in bimolecular processes with pseudo-first-order rate constants ranging from 2.1 × 105 to 1.5 × 106 s-1 (in solutions containing 10-4 M of the substrate), depending on the derivative and the solvent used. They are stable either when formed via the electron-transfer reaction with TCNE or when generated in isolation in pulse radiolysis of Ar-saturated 1,2-dichloroethane. In acetone and acetonitrile they decay predominantly by first-order kinetics with the first-order rate constants ranging from 2.3 × 104 to 5.1 × 104 s-1. Formation of dimeric radical cations for all of the oxoisoaporphines studied was observed in acetonitrile solutions, and for azaoxoisoaporphines also in acetone solutions. The experimental spectra show a reasonably good agreement with the ZINDO/S semiempirical quantum mechanical calculations of radical cation absorptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio R De la Fuente
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile , Casilla 223, Santiago 1, Chile
| | - Gabriel Kciuk
- Centre of Radiation Research and Technology, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christian Aliaga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile , Casilla 223, Santiago 1, Chile
| | - Krzysztof Bobrowski
- Centre of Radiation Research and Technology, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Pedersen SK, Holmehave J, Blaikie FH, Gollmer A, Breitenbach T, Jensen HH, Ogilby PR. Aarhus Sensor Green: A Fluorescent Probe for Singlet Oxygen. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3079-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500219y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan K. Pedersen
- Center
for Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Holmehave
- Center
for Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Frances H. Blaikie
- Center
for Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Anita Gollmer
- Center
for Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Thomas Breitenbach
- Center
for Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Henrik H. Jensen
- Center
for Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Center
for Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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13
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Anamimoghadam O, Long DL, Bucher G. 9-Iodophenalenone and 9-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxyphenalenone: convenient entry points to new phenalenones functionalised at the 9-position. Iodine-carbonyl interaction studies by X-ray crystallography. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00178h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triflic anhydride acts like a key to the unreactive, “locked” 9-hydroxyphenalenone, providing access to new phenalenones functionalised in 9-position as well as to a phenalenyl-annelated isoxazole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - De-Liang Long
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Götz Bucher
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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14
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Bucher G, Bresolí-Obach R, Brosa C, Flors C, Luis JG, Grillo TA, Nonell S. β-Phenyl quenching of 9-phenylphenalenones: a novel photocyclisation reaction with biological implications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:18813-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02783c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Phenyl quenching of 9-phenylphenalenones leads to the reversible formation of naphthoxanthenes and eventually to stable naphthoxanthenyl radicals or naphthoxanthenium cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Götz Bucher
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Carme Brosa
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Flors
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- Barcelona, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia
- E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier G. Luis
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”
- La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Teresa A. Grillo
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González”
- La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Phenalenone-type phytoalexins mediate resistance of banana plants (Musa spp.) to the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 111:105-10. [PMID: 24324151 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314168110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global yield of bananas-one of the most important food crops-is severely hampered by parasites, such as nematodes, which cause yield losses up to 75%. Plant-nematode interactions of two banana cultivars differing in susceptibility to Radopholus similis were investigated by combining the conventional and spatially resolved analytical techniques (1)H NMR spectroscopy, matrix-free UV-laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging, and Raman microspectroscopy. This innovative combination of analytical techniques was applied to isolate, identify, and locate the banana-specific type of phytoalexins, phenylphenalenones, in the R. similis-caused lesions of the plants. The striking antinematode activity of the phenylphenalenone anigorufone, its ingestion by the nematode, and its subsequent localization in lipid droplets within the nematode is reported. The importance of varying local concentrations of these specialized metabolites in infected plant tissues, their involvement in the plant's defense system, and derived strategies for improving banana resistance are highlighted.
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16
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Gutiérrez D, Flores N, Abad-Grillo T, McNaughton-Smith G. Evaluation of substituted phenalenone analogues as antiplasmodial agents. Exp Parasitol 2013; 135:456-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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de la Fuente JR, Aliaga C, Cañete A, Kciuk G, Szreder T, Bobrowski K. Photoreduction of Azaoxoisoaporphines by Amines: Laser Flash and Steady-State Photolysis and Pulse Radiolysis Studies. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:1417-26. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio R. de la Fuente
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Christian Aliaga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Alvaro Cañete
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile
| | - Gabriel Kciuk
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology; Warsaw Poland
| | - Tomasz Szreder
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology; Warsaw Poland
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Anamimoghadam O, Symes MD, Busche C, Long DL, Caldwell ST, Flors C, Nonell S, Cronin L, Bucher G. Naphthoxanthenyl, a New Stable Phenalenyl Type Radical Stabilized by Electronic Effects. Org Lett 2013; 15:2970-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401117g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ommid Anamimoghadam
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph-Black-Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, and Grup d’Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark D. Symes
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph-Black-Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, and Grup d’Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph Busche
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph-Black-Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, and Grup d’Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - De-Liang Long
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph-Black-Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, and Grup d’Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stuart T. Caldwell
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph-Black-Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, and Grup d’Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Flors
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph-Black-Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, and Grup d’Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph-Black-Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, and Grup d’Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leroy Cronin
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph-Black-Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, and Grup d’Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Götz Bucher
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph-Black-Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, and Grup d’Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Cano M, Rojas C, Hidalgo W, Sáez J, Gil J, Schneider B, Otálvaro F. Improved synthesis of 4-phenylphenalenones: the case of isoanigorufone and structural analogs. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Etinski M, Tatchen J, Marian CM. Time-dependent approaches for the calculation of intersystem crossing rates. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:154105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3575582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Segado M, Reguero M. Mechanism of the photochemical process of singlet oxygen production by phenalenone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:4138-48. [PMID: 21225064 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phenalenone (PN) is a very efficient singlet oxygen sensitiser in a wide range of solvents. This work uses ab initio quantum chemical calculations (CASSCF/CASPT2 protocol) to study the mechanism for populating the triplet state of PN responsible for this reaction, the (3)(π-π*) state. To describe in detail this reaction path, the singlet and triplet low-lying excited states of PN have been studied, the critical points of the potential energy surfaces corresponding to these states located and the vertical and adiabatic energies calculated. Our results show that, after the initial population of the S(2) excited state of (π-π*) character, the system undergoes an internal conversion to the (1)(n-π*) state. After populating the dark S(1) state, the system relaxes to the (1)(n-π*) minimum, but rapidly populates the triplet manifold through a very efficient intersystem crossing to the (3)(π-π*) state. Although the population of the minimum of this triplet state is strongly favoured, a conical intersection with the (3)(n-π*) surface opens an internal conversion channel to this state, a path accessible only at high temperatures. Radiationless deactivation processes are ruled out on the basis of the high-energy barriers found for the crossings between the excited states and the ground state. Our computational results satisfactorily explain the experimental findings and are in very good agreement with the experimental data available. In the case of the frequency of fluorescence, this is the first time that these data have been theoretically predicted in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Segado
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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22
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Rouxel C, Charlot M, Mir Y, Frochot C, Mongin O, Blanchard-Desce M. Banana-shaped biphotonic quadrupolar chromophores: from fluorophores to biphotonic photosensitizers. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Ogilby PR. Singlet oxygen: there is indeed something new under the sun. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:3181-209. [PMID: 20571680 DOI: 10.1039/b926014p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 831] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, O(2)(a(1)Delta(g)), the lowest excited electronic state of molecular oxygen, has been known to the scientific community for approximately 80 years. It has a characteristic chemistry that sets it apart from the triplet ground state of molecular oxygen, O(2)(X(3)Sigma), and is important in fields that range from atmospheric chemistry and materials science to biology and medicine. For such a "mature citizen", singlet oxygen nevertheless remains at the cutting-edge of modern science. In this critical review, recent work on singlet oxygen is summarized, focusing primarily on systems that involve light. It is clear that there is indeed still something new under the sun (243 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Arhus, Denmark.
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24
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Salice P, Arnbjerg J, Pedersen BW, Toftegaard R, Beverina L, Pagani GA, Ogilby PR. Photophysics of squaraine dyes: role of charge-transfer in singlet oxygen production and removal. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2518-25. [PMID: 20121177 DOI: 10.1021/jp911180n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The unique optical properties of squaraines render these molecules useful for applications that range from xerography to photodynamic therapy. In this regard, squaraines derived from the condensation of nitrogen-based heterocycles and squaric acid have many promising attributes. Key solution-phase photophysical properties of six such squaraines have been characterized in this study. One feature of these molecules is a pronounced absorption band in the region approximately 600-720 nm that has significant spectral overlap with the fluorescence band (i.e., the Stokes shift is small). As such, effects of emission/reabsorption yield unique excitation wavelength dependent phenomena that are manifested in quantum yields of both fluorescence and sensitized singlet oxygen production. Comparatively small squaraine-sensitized yields of singlet oxygen production and, independently, large rate constants for squaraine-induced deactivation of singlet oxygen are consistent with a model in which there is appreciable intra- and intermolecular charge-transfer in the squaraine and squaraine-oxygen encounter complex, respectively. The results reported herein should be useful in the further development of these compounds for a range of oxygen-dependent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Salice
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi, 53, I-20125, Milano, Italy
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25
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Ogilby PR. Singlet oxygen: there is still something new under the sun, and it is better than ever. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:1543-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00213e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Nielsen CB, Arnbjerg J, Johnsen M, Jo̷rgensen M, Ogilby PR. Molecular Tuning of Phenylene-Vinylene Derivatives for Two-Photon Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen Production. J Org Chem 2009; 74:9094-104. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian B. Nielsen
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus DK-8000, Denmark,
- Polymer Department, Riso̷ National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jacob Arnbjerg
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus DK-8000, Denmark,
| | - Mette Johnsen
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus DK-8000, Denmark,
| | - Mikkel Jo̷rgensen
- Polymer Department, Riso̷ National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus DK-8000, Denmark,
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27
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Hidalgo W, Duque L, Saez J, Arango R, Gil J, Rojano B, Schneider B, Otálvaro F. Structure-activity relationship in the interaction of substituted perinaphthenones with Mycosphaerella fijiensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:7417-7421. [PMID: 19630386 DOI: 10.1021/jf901052e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The levels of native fungitoxic perinaphthenone phytoalexins in susceptible Musa varieties (banana), which are commercially grown in large plantations, are too low to provide plants with long-lasting protection against highly pathogenic fungi. Novel strategies for plant protection are necessary to reduce crop losses and to prevent the development of resistant fungal strains. The synthesis of novel fungicides based on the structures of perinaphthenone natural products is considered to be a promising strategy. Thirteen substituted perinaphthenones, among them two known natural products (1, 2) and 11 synthetics (3-13), were evaluated for their activity against Mycosphaerella fijiensis , and their half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) were calculated to establish structure-activity relationships (SAR). A SAR trend was hypothesized, leading to the design of a new compound, 4-methoxy-2-nitro-1H-phenalen-1-one (14); the new compound displayed significantly enhanced in vitro activity against M. fijiensis compared to other perinaphthenone derivatives. The activity of 14 was comparable to that of two commercial fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hidalgo
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Autopista Norte, Calle 64 Cra 65, Medellín, Colombia
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28
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Jensen PG, Arnbjerg J, Tolbod LP, Toftegaard R, Ogilby PR. Influence of an Intermolecular Charge-Transfer State on Excited-State Relaxation Dynamics: Solvent Effect on the Methylnaphthalene−Oxygen System and its Significance for Singlet Oxygen Production. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:9965-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905728d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poul-Gudmund Jensen
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Arnbjerg
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark
| | - Lars Poulsen Tolbod
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Toftegaard
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark
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29
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De la Fuente JR, Aliaga C, Poblete C, Zapata G, Jullian C, Saitz C, Cañete A, Kciuk G, Sobarzo-Sanchez E, Bobrowski K. Photoreduction of Oxoisoaporphines by Amines: Laser Flash and Steady-State Photolysis, Pulse Radiolysis, and TD-DFT Studies. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7737-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp901877q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio R. De la Fuente
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 223, Santiago 1, Chile, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Chile, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia,
| | - Christian Aliaga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 223, Santiago 1, Chile, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Chile, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia,
| | - Cristian Poblete
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 223, Santiago 1, Chile, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Chile, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia,
| | - Gerald Zapata
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 223, Santiago 1, Chile, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Chile, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia,
| | - Carolina Jullian
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 223, Santiago 1, Chile, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Chile, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia,
| | - Claudio Saitz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 223, Santiago 1, Chile, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Chile, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia,
| | - Alvaro Cañete
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 223, Santiago 1, Chile, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Chile, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia,
| | - Gabriel Kciuk
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 223, Santiago 1, Chile, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Chile, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia,
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 223, Santiago 1, Chile, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Chile, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia,
| | - Krzysztof Bobrowski
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 223, Santiago 1, Chile, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Chile, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia,
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30
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Daza MC, Doerr M, Salzmann S, Marian CM, Thiel W. Photophysics of phenalenone: quantum-mechanical investigation of singlet–triplet intersystem crossing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:1688-96. [DOI: 10.1039/b815724c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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32
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Johnsen M, Ogilby PR. Effect of Solvent on Two-Photon Absorption by Vinyl Benzene Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:7831-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Johnsen
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark
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33
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Sholto A, Lee S, Hoffman BM, Barrett AGM, Ehrenberg B. Spectroscopy, Binding to Liposomes and Production of Singlet Oxygen by Porphyrazines with Modularly Variable Water Solubility. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 84:764-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Arnbjerg J, Johnsen M, Nielsen CB, Jørgensen M, Ogilby PR. Effect of Sensitizer Protonation on Singlet Oxygen Production in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Media. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:4573-83. [PMID: 17480060 DOI: 10.1021/jp066843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The yield of singlet molecular oxygen, O2(a(1)Delta(g)), produced in a photosensitized process can be very susceptible to environmental perturbations. In the present study, protonation of photosensitizers whose chromophores contain amine functional groups is shown to adversely affect the singlet oxygen yield. Specifically, for bis(amino) phenylene vinylenes dissolved both in water and in toluene, addition of a protic acid to the solution alters properties of the system that, in turn, result in a decrease in the efficiency of singlet oxygen production. In light of previous studies on other molecules where protonation-dependent changes in the yield of photosensitized singlet oxygen production have been ascribed to changes in the quantum yield of the sensitizer triplet state, Phi(T), and to possible changes in the triplet state energy, E(T), our results demonstrate that this photosystem can respond to protonation in other ways. Although protonation-dependent changes in the amount of charge-transfer character in the sensitizer-oxygen complex may influence the singlet oxygen yield, it is likely that other processes also play a role. These include (a) protonation-dependent changes in sensitizer aggregation and (b) nonradiative channels for sensitizer deactivation that are enhanced as a consequence of the reversible protonation/deprotonation of the chromophore. The data obtained, although complicated, are relevant for understanding and ultimately controlling the behavior of photosensitizers in systems with microheterogeneous domains that have appreciable pH gradients. These data are particularly important given the use of such bi-basic chromophores as two-photon singlet oxygen sensitizers, with applications in spatially resolved singlet oxygen experiments (e.g., imaging experiments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Arnbjerg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000, Arhus, Denmark
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35
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Arnbjerg J, Jiménez-Banzo A, Paterson MJ, Nonell S, Borrell JI, Christiansen O, Ogilby PR. Two-Photon Absorption in Tetraphenylporphycenes: Are Porphycenes Better Candidates than Porphyrins for Providing Optimal Optical Properties for Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy? J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5188-99. [PMID: 17397157 DOI: 10.1021/ja0688777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Porphycenes are structural isomers of porphyrins that have many unique properties and features. In the present work, the resonant two-photon absorption of 2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene (TPPo) and its palladium(II) complex (PdTPPo) has been investigated. The data obtained are compared to those from the isomeric compound, meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP). Detection of phosphorescence from singlet molecular oxygen, O2(a(1)Delta(g)), produced upon irradiation of these compounds, was used to obtain two-photon excitation spectra and to quantify two-photon absorption cross sections, delta. In the spectral region of 750-850 nm, the two-photon absorption cross sections at the band maxima for both TPPo and PdTPPo, delta = 2280 and 1750 GM, respectively, are significantly larger than that for TPP. This difference is attributed to the phenomenon of so-called resonance enhancement; for the porphycenes, the two-photon transition is nearly resonant with a comparatively intense one-photon Q-band transition. The results of quantum mechanical calculations using density functional quadratic response theory are in excellent agreement with the experimental data and, as such, demonstrate that comparatively high-level quantum chemical methods can be used to interpret and predict nonlinear optical properties from such large molecular systems. One important point realized through these experiments and calculations is that one must exercise caution when using qualitative molecular-symmetry-derived arguments to predict the expected spectral relationship between allowed one- and two-photon transitions. From a practical perspective, this study establishes that, in comparison to porphyrins and other tetrapyrrolic macrocyclic systems, porphycenes exhibit many desirable attributes for use as sensitizers in two-photon initiated photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Arnbjerg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Arhus, Denmark
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36
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Flors C, Nonell S. Light and singlet oxygen in plant defense against pathogens: phototoxic phenalenone phytoalexins. Acc Chem Res 2006; 39:293-300. [PMID: 16700528 DOI: 10.1021/ar0402863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plants defend themselves from pathogen infections or mechanical injury by a number of mechanisms, including the induced biosynthesis of antimicrobial secondary metabolites. These compounds, termed phytoalexins, represent a very economical way to counteract hazard, because the carbon and energy resources are diverted to phytoalexin synthesis only at the early period of attack and only at its site. The occurrence of phenalenone chromophores in phytoalexins of plants originally nonphototoxic suggests that these plants respond to pathogen attacks by biosynthesizing singlet oxygen photosensitizers able to use solar energy for defense. This concept may have implications for the development of novel crop protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Flors
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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