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Bregnhøj M, Thorning F, Ogilby PR. Singlet Oxygen Photophysics: From Liquid Solvents to Mammalian Cells. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9949-10051. [PMID: 39106038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen, O2, has long provided a cornerstone for studies in chemistry, physics, and biology. Although the triplet ground state, O2(X3Σg-), has garnered much attention, the lowest excited electronic state, O2(a1Δg), commonly called singlet oxygen, has attracted appreciable interest, principally because of its unique chemical reactivity in systems ranging from the Earth's atmosphere to biological cells. Because O2(a1Δg) can be produced and deactivated in processes that involve light, the photophysics of O2(a1Δg) are equally important. Moreover, pathways for O2(a1Δg) deactivation that regenerate O2(X3Σg-), which address fundamental principles unto themselves, kinetically compete with the chemical reactions of O2(a1Δg) and, thus, have practical significance. Due to technological advances (e.g., lasers, optical detectors, microscopes), data acquired in the past ∼20 years have increased our understanding of O2(a1Δg) photophysics appreciably and facilitated both spatial and temporal control over the behavior of O2(a1Δg). One goal of this Review is to summarize recent developments that have broad ramifications, focusing on systems in which oxygen forms a contact complex with an organic molecule M (e.g., a liquid solvent). An important concept is the role played by the M+•O2-• charge-transfer state in both the formation and deactivation of O2(a1Δg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Frederik Thorning
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Peter R Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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2
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Hovan A, Pevna V, Huntosova V, Miskovsky P, Bánó G. Singlet oxygen lifetime changes in dying glioblastoma cells. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:159-171. [PMID: 37357990 DOI: 10.1111/php.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved phosphorescence detection was employed to determine the lifetime of singlet oxygen in live cells. Using hypericin as a photosensitizer, singlet oxygen was generated in U87MG glioblastoma cells. The phosphorescence of singlet oxygen was detected in aqueous cell suspensions following pulsed laser excitation. Our goal was to eliminate or reduce the problems associated with lifetime measurements in water-based cell suspensions. The apparatus enabled simultaneous singlet oxygen phosphorescence and transient absorption measurements, reducing uncertainty in lifetime estimation. The changes in singlet oxygen lifetime were observed during early and late apoptosis induced by photodynamic action. Our findings show that the effective lifetime of singlet oxygen in the intracellular space of the studied glioblastoma cells is 0.4 μs and increases to 1.5 μs as apoptosis progresses. Another group of hypericin, presumably located in the membrane blebs and the plasma membrane of apoptotic cells, generates singlet oxygen with a lifetime of 1.9 μs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Hovan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Viktoria Pevna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Huntosova
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Miskovsky
- Cassovia New Industry Cluster, Košice, Slovak Republic
- SAFTRA Photonics Ltd., Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Gregor Bánó
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
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3
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Banerjee C, Breitenbach T, Ogilby PR. Spatially Resolved Experiments to Monitor the Singlet Oxygen Initiated Oxidation of Lipid Droplets in Emulsions. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; DK-8000 Aarhus Denmark
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4
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Banerjee C, Westberg M, Breitenbach T, Bregnhøj M, Ogilby PR. Monitoring Interfacial Lipid Oxidation in Oil-in-Water Emulsions Using Spatially Resolved Optical Techniques. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6239-6247. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Westberg
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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5
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Westberg M, Bregnhøj M, Banerjee C, Blázquez-Castro A, Breitenbach T, Ogilby PR. Exerting better control and specificity with singlet oxygen experiments in live mammalian cells. Methods 2016; 109:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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6
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Westberg M, Bregnhøj M, Blázquez-Castro A, Breitenbach T, Etzerodt M, Ogilby PR. Control of singlet oxygen production in experiments performed on single mammalian cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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7
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da Silva EFF, Pimenta FM, Pedersen BW, Blaikie FH, Bosio GN, Breitenbach T, Westberg M, Bregnhøj M, Etzerodt M, Arnaut LG, Ogilby PR. Intracellular singlet oxygen photosensitizers: on the road to solving the problems of sensitizer degradation, bleaching and relocalization. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:177-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00295h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa F. F. da Silva
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Frederico M. Pimenta
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Brian W. Pedersen
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Frances H. Blaikie
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Gabriela N. Bosio
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, sucursal 4 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Thomas Breitenbach
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Michael Westberg
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Michael Etzerodt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
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8
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Tian W, Deng L, Jin S, Yang H, Cui R, Zhang Q, Shi W, Zhang C, Yuan X, Sha G. Singlet Oxygen Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging Based on a Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscope. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3393-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Liezheng Deng
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Shengye Jin
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Heping Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Rongrong Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Research
Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Wenbo Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Research
Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Xiaolin Yuan
- Research
Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Guohe Sha
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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9
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Takizawa SY, Breitenbach T, Westberg M, Holmegaard L, Gollmer A, Jensen RL, Murata S, Ogilby PR. Solvent dependent photosensitized singlet oxygen production from an Ir(iii) complex: pointing to problems in studies of singlet-oxygen-mediated cell death. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1831-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00230c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of an Ir(iii) complex with phenanthroline and phenylpyridine ligands depends appreciably on the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ya Takizawa
- Department of Basic Science
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Thomas Breitenbach
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus
- 8000 Denmark
| | - Michael Westberg
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus
- 8000 Denmark
| | - Lotte Holmegaard
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus
- 8000 Denmark
| | - Anita Gollmer
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus
- 8000 Denmark
| | - Rasmus L. Jensen
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus
- 8000 Denmark
| | - Shigeru Murata
- Department of Basic Science
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus
- 8000 Denmark
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10
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Pedersen SK, Holmehave J, Blaikie FH, Gollmer A, Breitenbach T, Jensen HH, Ogilby PR. Aarhus Sensor Green: A Fluorescent Probe for Singlet Oxygen. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3079-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500219y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan K. Pedersen
- Center
for Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Holmehave
- Center
for Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Frances H. Blaikie
- Center
for Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Anita Gollmer
- Center
for Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Thomas Breitenbach
- Center
for Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Henrik H. Jensen
- Center
for Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Center
for Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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11
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Blázquez-Castro A, Breitenbach T, Ogilby PR. Singlet oxygen and ROS in a new light: low-dose subcellular photodynamic treatment enhances proliferation at the single cell level. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1235-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00113c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation of a sensitizer with a focused laser beam was used to create a spatially-localized subcellular population of reactive oxygen species, ROS, stimulating proliferation in single HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Blázquez-Castro
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Breitenbach
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Gollmer A, Besostri F, Breitenbach T, Ogilby PR. Spatially resolved two-photon irradiation of an intracellular singlet oxygen photosensitizer: Correlating cell response to the site of localized irradiation. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:718-30. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.817670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Pimenta FM, Jensen RL, Holmegaard L, Esipova TV, Westberg M, Breitenbach T, Ogilby PR. Singlet-Oxygen-Mediated Cell Death Using Spatially-Localized Two-Photon Excitation of an Extracellular Sensitizer. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:10234-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304954m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederico M. Pimenta
- Center for
Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Rasmus L. Jensen
- Center for
Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Lotte Holmegaard
- Center for
Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Tatiana V. Esipova
- Department of Biochemistry and
Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael Westberg
- Center for
Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Thomas Breitenbach
- Center for
Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Center for
Oxygen Microscopy
and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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14
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Ovchinnikov MY, Kazakov DV, Khursan SL. Kinetics and mechanism of the highly efficient generation of singlet oxygen in dimethyldioxirane decomposition induced by the chloride ion. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158412010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Gallavardin T, Armagnat C, Maury O, Baldeck PL, Lindgren M, Monnereau C, Andraud C. An improved singlet oxygen sensitizer with two-photon absorption and emission in the biological transparency window as a result of ground state symmetry-breaking. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1689-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc15904j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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da Silva EFF, Pedersen BW, Breitenbach T, Toftegaard R, Kuimova MK, Arnaut LG, Ogilby PR. Irradiation- and sensitizer-dependent changes in the lifetime of intracellular singlet oxygen produced in a photosensitized process. J Phys Chem B 2011; 116:445-61. [PMID: 22117929 DOI: 10.1021/jp206739y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, O(2)(a(1)Δ(g)), was produced upon pulsed-laser irradiation of an intracellular photosensitizer and detected by its 1275 nm O(2)(a(1)Δ(g)) → O(2)(X(3)Σ(g)(-)) phosphorescence in time-resolved experiments using (1) individual mammalian cells on the stage of a microscope and (2) suspensions of mammalian cells in a 1 cm cuvette. Data were recorded using hydrophilic and, independently, hydrophobic sensitizers. The microscope-based single cell results are consistent with a model in which the behavior of singlet oxygen reflects the environment in which it is produced; nevertheless, the data also indicate that a significant fraction of a given singlet oxygen population readily crosses barriers between phase-separated intracellular domains. The singlet oxygen phosphorescence signals reflect the effects of singlet-oxygen-mediated damage on cell components which, at the limit, mean that data were collected from dead cells and, in some cases, reflect contributions from both intracellular and extracellular populations of singlet oxygen. Despite the irradiation-induced changes in the environment to which singlet oxygen is exposed, the "inherent" intracellular lifetime of singlet oxygen does not appear to change appreciably as the cell progresses toward death. The results obtained from cell suspensions reflect key features that differentiate cell ensemble from single cell experiments (e.g., the ensemble experiment is more susceptible to the effects of sensitizer that has leaked out of the cell). Overall, the data clearly indicate that measuring the intracellular lifetime of singlet oxygen in a O(2)(a(1)Δ(g)) → O(2)(X(3)Σ(g)(-)) phosphorescence experiment is a challenging endeavor that involves working with a dynamic system that is perturbed during the measurement. The most important aspect of this study is that it establishes a useful framework through which future singlet oxygen data from cells can be interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa F F da Silva
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus, Denmark
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17
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Pedersen BW, Sinks LE, Breitenbach T, Schack NB, Vinogradov SA, Ogilby PR. Single cell responses to spatially controlled photosensitized production of extracellular singlet oxygen. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1077-91. [PMID: 21668871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The response of individual HeLa cells to extracellularly produced singlet oxygen was examined. The spatial domain of singlet oxygen production was controlled using the combination of a membrane-impermeable Pd porphyrin-dendrimer, which served as a photosensitizer, and a focused laser, which served to localize the sensitized production of singlet oxygen. Cells in close proximity to the domain of singlet oxygen production showed morphological changes commonly associated with necrotic cell death. The elapsed postirradiation "waiting period" before necrosis became apparent depended on: (1) the distance between the cell membrane and the domain irradiated, (2) the incident laser fluence and, as such, the initial concentration of singlet oxygen produced and (3) the lifetime of singlet oxygen. The data imply that singlet oxygen plays a key role in this process of light-induced cell death. The approach of using extracellularly generated singlet oxygen to induce cell death can provide a solution to a problem that often limits mechanistic studies of intracellularly photosensitized cell death: it can be difficult to quantify the effective light dose, and hence singlet oxygen concentration, when using an intracellular photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Aarhus University, Århus, Denmark
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18
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Mechanism of singlet oxygen generation during catalytic decomposition of methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane by chloride ions. Russ Chem Bull 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-011-0004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Carlos L, Pedersen BW, Ogilby PR, Mártire DO. The role of humic acid aggregation on the kinetics of photosensitized singlet oxygen production and decay. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1080-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1pp00003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Cigáň M, Gáplovský A, Gajdoš P, Magdolen P, Zahradník P, Vetríková Z. Photophysical properties and photostability of novel benzothiazole-based D-π-A-π-D systems. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 77:984-993. [PMID: 20863742 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical properties and photochemical stability of two novel D-π-A-π-D systems based on a benzothiazole core and terminal N,N-dimethylaminophenyl and N,N-diphenylaminophenyl groups were investigated. The quantum yield of photoreactions (Φ) was determined for various oxygen concentrations in the solvent (CH2Cl2) and various irradiation wavelengths. Trans-cis photoisomerization is proposed as a photobleaching mechanism during irradiation at longer wavelength due to charge-transfer transitions. Solution deoxygenation led to an unusual decrease in the photostability of the compounds investigated, most likely because of cation radical formation. The population of higher excited states for short-wavelength irradiation opened another degradation pathway and the overall degradation percentage decreased in comparison with long-wavelength irradiation. We assume that photoisomerization of the second double bond and electron transfer to CH2Cl2 (and subsequent oxidation reactions) contribute to this slower degradation branch. Singlet oxygen contributes significantly, albeit to the smallest values of Φ, to the overall photodegradation for both types of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Cigáň
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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21
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Pedersen BW, Breitenbach T, Redmond RW, Ogilby PR. Two-photon irradiation of an intracellular singlet oxygen photosensitizer: Achieving localized sub-cellular excitation in spatially-resolved experiments. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1383-97. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.515221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Ogilby PR. Singlet oxygen: there is indeed something new under the sun. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:3181-209. [PMID: 20571680 DOI: 10.1039/b926014p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 831] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, O(2)(a(1)Delta(g)), the lowest excited electronic state of molecular oxygen, has been known to the scientific community for approximately 80 years. It has a characteristic chemistry that sets it apart from the triplet ground state of molecular oxygen, O(2)(X(3)Sigma), and is important in fields that range from atmospheric chemistry and materials science to biology and medicine. For such a "mature citizen", singlet oxygen nevertheless remains at the cutting-edge of modern science. In this critical review, recent work on singlet oxygen is summarized, focusing primarily on systems that involve light. It is clear that there is indeed still something new under the sun (243 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Arhus, Denmark.
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23
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The theoretical trajectory for the chloride-ion-induced generation of singlet oxygen in the decomposition of dimethyldioxirane. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ogilby PR. Singlet oxygen: there is still something new under the sun, and it is better than ever. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:1543-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00213e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Nielsen CB, Arnbjerg J, Johnsen M, Jo̷rgensen M, Ogilby PR. Molecular Tuning of Phenylene-Vinylene Derivatives for Two-Photon Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen Production. J Org Chem 2009; 74:9094-104. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian B. Nielsen
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus DK-8000, Denmark,
- Polymer Department, Riso̷ National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jacob Arnbjerg
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus DK-8000, Denmark,
| | - Mette Johnsen
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus DK-8000, Denmark,
| | - Mikkel Jo̷rgensen
- Polymer Department, Riso̷ National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Århus DK-8000, Denmark,
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26
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Gonzalez MM, Arnbjerg J, Denofrio MP, Erra-Balsells R, Ogilby PR, Cabrerizo FM. One- and Two-Photon Excitation of β-Carbolines in Aqueous Solution: pH-Dependent Spectroscopy, Photochemistry, and Photophysics. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:6648-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp902105x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Micaela Gonzalez
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 3p, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 - Buenos Aires, Argentina, Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark, and INIFTA-CONICET-CIC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jacob Arnbjerg
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 3p, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 - Buenos Aires, Argentina, Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark, and INIFTA-CONICET-CIC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M. Paula Denofrio
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 3p, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 - Buenos Aires, Argentina, Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark, and INIFTA-CONICET-CIC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 3p, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 - Buenos Aires, Argentina, Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark, and INIFTA-CONICET-CIC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 3p, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 - Buenos Aires, Argentina, Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark, and INIFTA-CONICET-CIC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Franco M. Cabrerizo
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, 3p, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 - Buenos Aires, Argentina, Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark, and INIFTA-CONICET-CIC, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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David Gara PM, Bosio GN, Arce VB, Poulsen L, Ogilby PR, Giudici R, Gonzalez MC, Mártire DO. Photoinduced Degradation of the Herbicide Clomazone Model Reactions for Natural and Technical Systems. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:686-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Kuimova MK, Yahioglu G, Ogilby PR. Singlet oxygen in a cell: spatially dependent lifetimes and quenching rate constants. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:332-40. [PMID: 19128181 DOI: 10.1021/ja807484b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Singlet molecular oxygen, O(2)(a(1)Delta(g)), can be created in a single cell from ground-state oxygen, O(2)(X(3)Sigma(g)(-)), upon focused laser irradiation of an intracellular sensitizer. This cytotoxic species can subsequently be detected by its 1270 nm phosphorescence (a(1)Delta(g) --> X(3)Sigma(g)(-)) with subcellular spatial resolution. The singlet oxygen lifetime determines its diffusion distance and hence the intracellular volume element in which singlet-oxygen-initiated perturbation of the cell occurs. In this study, the time-resolved phosphorescence of singlet oxygen produced by the sensitizers chlorin (Chl) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TMPyP) was monitored. These molecules localize in different domains of a living cell. The data indicate that (i) the singlet oxygen lifetime and (ii) the rate constant for singlet oxygen quenching by added NaN(3) depend on whether Chl or TMPyP was the photosensitizer. These observations likely reflect differences in the chemical and physical constituency of a given subcellular domain (e.g., spatially dependent oxygen and NaN(3) diffusion coefficients), thereby providing evidence that singlet oxygen responds to the inherent heterogeneity of a cell. Thus, despite a relatively long intracellular lifetime, singlet oxygen does not diffuse a great distance from its site of production. This is a consequence of an apparent intracellular viscosity that is comparatively large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina K Kuimova
- Chemistry Department, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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29
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Breitenbach T, Kuimova MK, Gbur P, Hatz S, Schack NB, Pedersen BW, Lambert JDC, Poulsen L, Ogilby PR. Photosensitized production of singlet oxygen: spatially-resolved optical studies in single cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:442-52. [DOI: 10.1039/b809049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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30
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Hatz S, Poulsen L, Ogilby PR. Time-resolved Singlet Oxygen Phosphorescence Measurements from Photosensitized Experiments in Single Cells: Effects of Oxygen Diffusion and Oxygen Concentration. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 84:1284-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Finikova OS, Lebedev AY, Aprelev A, Troxler T, Gao F, Garnacho C, Muro S, Hochstrasser RM, Vinogradov SA. Oxygen microscopy by two-photon-excited phosphorescence. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:1673-9. [PMID: 18663708 PMCID: PMC2645351 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution images of oxygen distributions in microheterogeneous samples are obtained by two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2P LSM), using a newly developed dendritic nanoprobe with internally enhanced two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-section. In this probe, energy is harvested by a 2PA antenna, which passes excitation onto a phosphorescent metalloporphyrin via intramolecular energy transfer. The 2P LSM allows sectioning of oxygen gradients with near diffraction-limited resolution, and lifetime-based acquisition eliminates dependence on the local probe concentration. The technique is validated on objects with a priori known oxygen distributions and applied to imaging of pO(2) in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Finikova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia PA 19104-6059 (USA), Fax: (+1) 215-573-3787
| | - Artem Y. Lebedev
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia PA 19104-6059 (USA), Fax: (+1) 215-573-3787
| | - Alexey Aprelev
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Thomas Troxler
- Department of Chemistry and RLBL, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and RLBL, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Carmen Garnacho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Silvia Muro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Robin M. Hochstrasser
- Department of Chemistry and RLBL, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia PA 19104-6059 (USA), Fax: (+1) 215-573-3787
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32
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Johnsen M, Ogilby PR. Effect of Solvent on Two-Photon Absorption by Vinyl Benzene Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:7831-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Johnsen
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Århus, Denmark
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33
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Toftegaard R, Arnbjerg J, Daasbjerg K, Ogilby P, Dmitriev A, Sutherland D, Poulsen L. Metal-Enhanced 1270 nm Singlet Oxygen Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6025-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Toftegaard R, Arnbjerg J, Daasbjerg K, Ogilby P, Dmitriev A, Sutherland D, Poulsen L. Metal-Enhanced 1270 nm Singlet Oxygen Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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36
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Ma J, Chen JY, Idowu M, Nyokong T. Generation of Singlet Oxygen via the Composites of Water-Soluble Thiol-Capped CdTe Quantum DotsSulfonated Aluminum Phthalocyanines. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:4465-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp711537j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Ma
- Surface Physics Laboratory (National Key Laboratory), Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa, and State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Fudan University, China
| | - Ji-Yao Chen
- Surface Physics Laboratory (National Key Laboratory), Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa, and State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Fudan University, China
| | - Mopelola Idowu
- Surface Physics Laboratory (National Key Laboratory), Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa, and State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Fudan University, China
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Surface Physics Laboratory (National Key Laboratory), Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa, and State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Fudan University, China
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37
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Johnsen M, Paterson MJ, Arnbjerg J, Christiansen O, Nielsen CB, Jørgensen M, Ogilby PR. Effects of conjugation length and resonance enhancement on two-photon absorption in phenylene–vinylene oligomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1177-91. [DOI: 10.1039/b715441k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Arnbjerg J, Paterson MJ, Nielsen CB, Jørgensen M, Christiansen O, Ogilby PR. One- and Two-Photon Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen Production: Characterization of Aromatic Ketones as Sensitizer Standards. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:5756-67. [PMID: 17564419 DOI: 10.1021/jp071197l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Singlet molecular oxygen, O2(a1Deltag), can be efficiently produced in a photosensitized process using either one- or two-photon irradiation. The aromatic ketone 1-phenalenone (PN) is an established one-photon singlet oxygen sensitizer with many desirable attributes for use as a standard. In the present work, photophysical properties of two other aromatic ketones, pyrene-1,6-dione (PD) and benzo[cd]pyren-5-one (BP), are reported and compared to those of PN. Both PD and BP sensitize the production of singlet oxygen with near unit quantum efficiency in a nonpolar (toluene) and a polar (acetonitrile) solvent. With their more extensive pi networks, the one-photon absorption spectra for PD and BP extend out to longer wavelengths than that for PN, thus providing increased flexibility for sensitizer excitation over the range approximately 300-520 nm. Moreover, PD and BP have much larger two-photon absorption cross sections than PN over the range 655-840 nm which, in turn, results in amounts of singlet oxygen that are readily detected in optical experiments. One- and two-photon absorption spectra of PD and BP obtained using high-level calculations model the salient features of the experimental data well. In particular, the ramifications of molecular symmetry are clearly reflected in both the experimental and calculated spectra. The use of PD and BP as standards for both the one- and two-photon photosensitized production of singlet oxygen is expected to facilitate the development of new sensitizers for application in singlet-oxygen-based imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Arnbjerg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Arhus, Denmark
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Arhus DK-8000, Denmark.
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Arnbjerg J, Johnsen M, Nielsen CB, Jørgensen M, Ogilby PR. Effect of Sensitizer Protonation on Singlet Oxygen Production in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Media. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:4573-83. [PMID: 17480060 DOI: 10.1021/jp066843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The yield of singlet molecular oxygen, O2(a(1)Delta(g)), produced in a photosensitized process can be very susceptible to environmental perturbations. In the present study, protonation of photosensitizers whose chromophores contain amine functional groups is shown to adversely affect the singlet oxygen yield. Specifically, for bis(amino) phenylene vinylenes dissolved both in water and in toluene, addition of a protic acid to the solution alters properties of the system that, in turn, result in a decrease in the efficiency of singlet oxygen production. In light of previous studies on other molecules where protonation-dependent changes in the yield of photosensitized singlet oxygen production have been ascribed to changes in the quantum yield of the sensitizer triplet state, Phi(T), and to possible changes in the triplet state energy, E(T), our results demonstrate that this photosystem can respond to protonation in other ways. Although protonation-dependent changes in the amount of charge-transfer character in the sensitizer-oxygen complex may influence the singlet oxygen yield, it is likely that other processes also play a role. These include (a) protonation-dependent changes in sensitizer aggregation and (b) nonradiative channels for sensitizer deactivation that are enhanced as a consequence of the reversible protonation/deprotonation of the chromophore. The data obtained, although complicated, are relevant for understanding and ultimately controlling the behavior of photosensitizers in systems with microheterogeneous domains that have appreciable pH gradients. These data are particularly important given the use of such bi-basic chromophores as two-photon singlet oxygen sensitizers, with applications in spatially resolved singlet oxygen experiments (e.g., imaging experiments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Arnbjerg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000, Arhus, Denmark
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41
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Kazakov DV, Schmidt R. On the Effect of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane on the Singlet-Oxygen Dimol Emission: Photosensitized Generation of (1O2)2. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:4274-9. [PMID: 17455925 DOI: 10.1021/jp070630o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved singlet-oxygen dimol luminescence has been recorded upon laser-pulsed photosensitization of singlet oxygen by 2-acetonaphthone or 1-H-phenalen-1-one in perfluorobenzene, perdeuterobenzene, and perdeuteroacetonitrile. It is shown that 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) does not enhance radiative properties of the dimol species generated by the photosensitization. Instead, DABCO strongly reduces the singlet-oxygen dimol luminescence. Rate constants for the quenching of the dimol luminescence by DABCO have been determined for the three solvents used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V Kazakov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Scientific Center of the RAS, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
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42
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Arnbjerg J, Jiménez-Banzo A, Paterson MJ, Nonell S, Borrell JI, Christiansen O, Ogilby PR. Two-Photon Absorption in Tetraphenylporphycenes: Are Porphycenes Better Candidates than Porphyrins for Providing Optimal Optical Properties for Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy? J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5188-99. [PMID: 17397157 DOI: 10.1021/ja0688777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Porphycenes are structural isomers of porphyrins that have many unique properties and features. In the present work, the resonant two-photon absorption of 2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene (TPPo) and its palladium(II) complex (PdTPPo) has been investigated. The data obtained are compared to those from the isomeric compound, meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP). Detection of phosphorescence from singlet molecular oxygen, O2(a(1)Delta(g)), produced upon irradiation of these compounds, was used to obtain two-photon excitation spectra and to quantify two-photon absorption cross sections, delta. In the spectral region of 750-850 nm, the two-photon absorption cross sections at the band maxima for both TPPo and PdTPPo, delta = 2280 and 1750 GM, respectively, are significantly larger than that for TPP. This difference is attributed to the phenomenon of so-called resonance enhancement; for the porphycenes, the two-photon transition is nearly resonant with a comparatively intense one-photon Q-band transition. The results of quantum mechanical calculations using density functional quadratic response theory are in excellent agreement with the experimental data and, as such, demonstrate that comparatively high-level quantum chemical methods can be used to interpret and predict nonlinear optical properties from such large molecular systems. One important point realized through these experiments and calculations is that one must exercise caution when using qualitative molecular-symmetry-derived arguments to predict the expected spectral relationship between allowed one- and two-photon transitions. From a practical perspective, this study establishes that, in comparison to porphyrins and other tetrapyrrolic macrocyclic systems, porphycenes exhibit many desirable attributes for use as sensitizers in two-photon initiated photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Arnbjerg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Arhus, Denmark
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Cló E, Snyder JW, Ogilby PR, Gothelf KV. Control and Selectivity of Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen Production: Challenges in Complex Biological Systems. Chembiochem 2007; 8:475-81. [PMID: 17323398 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Singlet molecular oxygen is a reactive oxygen species that plays an important role in a number of biological processes, both as a signalling agent and as an intermediate involved in oxidative degradation reactions. Singlet oxygen is commonly generated by the so-called photosensitization process wherein a light-absorbing molecule, the sensitizer, transfers its energy of excitation to ground-state oxygen to make singlet oxygen. This process forms the basis of photodynamic therapy, for example, where light, a sensitizer, and oxygen are used to initiate cell death and ultimately destroy undesired tissue. Although the photosensitized production of singlet oxygen has been studied and used in biologically pertinent systems for years, the photoinitiated behaviour is often indiscriminate and difficult to control. In this Concept, we discuss new ideas and results in which spatial and temporal control of photosensitized singlet oxygen production can be implemented through the incorporation of the sensitizer into a conjugate system that selectively responds to certain triggers or stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cló
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Arhus C, Denmark
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44
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Hatz S, Lambert JDC, Ogilby PR. Measuring the lifetime of singlet oxygen in a single cell: addressing the issue of cell viability. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 6:1106-16. [PMID: 17914485 DOI: 10.1039/b707313e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Singlet molecular oxygen, O(2)(a(1)Delta(g)), has been detected from single neurons and HeLa cells in time-resolved optical experiments by its 1270 nm phosphorescence (a(1)Delta(g)--> X(3)Sigma(-)(g)) upon irradiation of a photosensitizer incorporated into the cell. The cells were maintained in a buffered medium and their viability was assessed by live/dead assays. To facilitate the detection of singlet oxygen, intracellular H(2)O was replaced with D(2)O by an osmotic de- and rehydration process. The effect of this insult on the cells was likewise assessed. The data indicate that, in the complicated transition from a "live" to "dead" cell, the majority of our cells have the metabolic activity and morphology characteristic of a live cell. Quenching experiments demonstrate that the singlet oxygen lifetime in our cells is principally determined by interactions with intracellular water and not by interactions with other cell constituents. The data indicate that in a viable, metabolically-functioning, and H(2)O-containing cell, the lifetime of singlet oxygen is approximately 3 micros. This is consistent with our previous reports, and confirms that the singlet oxygen lifetime in a cell is much longer than hitherto believed. This implies that, in a cell, singlet oxygen is best characterized as a selective rather than reactive intermediate. This is important when considering roles played by singlet oxygen as a signaling agent and as a component in events that result in cell death. The data reported herein also demonstrate that spatially-resolved optical probes can be used to monitor selected events in the light-induced, singlet-oxygen-mediated death of a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Hatz
- Department of Chemistry University of Aarhus, DK-8000, Arhus, Denmark
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45
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Snyder JW, Skovsen E, Lambert JDC, Poulsen L, Ogilby PR. Optical detection of singlet oxygen from single cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:4280-93. [PMID: 16986070 DOI: 10.1039/b609070m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The lowest excited electronic state of molecular oxygen, singlet molecular oxygen, O(2)(a (1)Delta(g)), is a reactive species involved in many chemical and biological processes. To better understand the roles played by singlet oxygen in biological systems, particularly at the sub-cellular level, optical tools have been developed to create and directly detect this transient state in time- and spatially-resolved experiments from single cells. Data obtained indicate that, contrary to common perception, this reactive species can be quite long-lived in a cell and, as such, can diffuse over appreciable distances including across the cell membrane into the extracellular environment. On one hand, these results demonstrate that the behavior of singlet oxygen in an intact cell can be significantly different from that inferred from model bulk studies. More generally, these results provide a new perspective for mechanistic studies of intra- and inter-cellular signaling and events that ultimately lead to photo-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Arhus, Denmark
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