1
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Sánchez de Pedro R, Fernández AN, Melero-Jiménez IJ, García-Sánchez MJ, Flores-Moya A, Bañares-España E. Temporal and spatial variability in population traits of an intertidal fucoid reveals local-scale climatic refugia. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 188:106006. [PMID: 37182324 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Global change is imposing significant losses in the functional traits of marine organisms. Although areas of climatic refugia ameliorate local conditions and help them to persist, the extent to which mesoscale effects contribute for intraregional variability on population traits and conservation is uncertain. Here we assess patterns of conservation status of Fucus guiryi, the main intertidal habitat-forming seaweed in the Strait of Gibraltar (southern Spain and northern Morocco). We investigated the demography, reproductive phenology, and morphology at northern and southern side populations. Population traits were compared seasonally within populations from each side, and at spatial scale in early summer 2019. In the last decade three populations became extinct; two marginal populations had dispersed individuals with a narrower fertility season and miniaturized individuals below 3 cm; and five populations showed variable density and cover with more than 20% of reproductive individuals over the seasons. Highest density, cover, morphology, and reproductive potential was detected at one population from each side, suggesting local-scale climatic refugia in upwelling areas located inside marine protected areas. Southern recruits were more warm-tolerant but grew less at colder conditions than northern ones, revealing a mesoscale heterogeneity in thermal affinities. This study evidenced functional losses and distinct reproductive strategies experienced by F. guiryi at peripheral locations and urges to prioritize its conservation and restoration at contemporary climatic refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sánchez de Pedro
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Andrea N Fernández
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ignacio José Melero-Jiménez
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - María Jesús García-Sánchez
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Flores-Moya
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena Bañares-España
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Campus de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain
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2
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Sun Y, Zang Y, Chen J, Shang S, Wang J, Liu Q, Tang X. The differing responses of central carbon cycle metabolism in male and female Sargassum thunbergii to ultraviolet-B radiation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:904943. [PMID: 36262652 PMCID: PMC9574197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.904943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth's surface due to ozone layer depletion is an important topic. Macroalgal species growing in the intertidal zone are often directly exposed to UV-B radiation periodically as the tide changes. In order to better understand the response of macroalgae to UV-B stressed condition, we studied the dominant dioecious intertidal macroalgae Sargassum thunbergii. After consecutive UV-B radiation treatments, we used metabonomics models to analyze and compare the maximum photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETRmax), central carbon cycle metabolism (CCCM) gene expression level, CCCM enzymic activities [pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase (PDH and CS)], and carbon-based metabolite (including pyruvate, soluble sugar, total amino acid, and lipids) content in male and female S. thunbergii. The results showed that under low and high UV-B radiation, the ETRmax values and six targeted CCCM gene expression levels were significantly higher in males than in females. Under high UV-B radiation, only the CS activity was significantly higher in males than in females. There was no significant difference in PDH activity between males and females. The CCCM models constructed using the metabonomics analysis demonstrate that S. thunbergii males and females exhibit obvious gender differences in their responses to UV-B radiation, providing us with a new understanding of the macroalgal gender differences under UV-B radiation, as past investigations always underestimated their diecious characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zang
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Shang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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3
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Islam MA, Beardall J. Effects of Temperature on The UV‐B Sensitivity of Toxic Cyanobacteria
Microcystis aeruginosa
CS558 and
Anabaena circinalis
CS537. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:936-940. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashraful Islam
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
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4
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Collins SL, Ladwig LM, Petrie MD, Jones SK, Mulhouse JM, Thibault JR, Pockman WT. Press-pulse interactions: effects of warming, N deposition, altered winter precipitation, and fire on desert grassland community structure and dynamics. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:1095-1108. [PMID: 27612326 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Global environmental change is altering temperature, precipitation patterns, resource availability, and disturbance regimes. Theory predicts that ecological presses will interact with pulse events to alter ecosystem structure and function. In 2006, we established a long-term, multifactor global change experiment to determine the interactive effects of nighttime warming, increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, and increased winter precipitation on plant community structure and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in a northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland. In 2009, a lightning-caused wildfire burned through the experiment. Here, we report on the interactive effects of these global change drivers on pre- and postfire grassland community structure and ANPP. Our nighttime warming treatment increased winter nighttime air temperatures by an average of 1.1 °C and summer nighttime air temperature by 1.5 °C. Soil N availability was 2.5 times higher in fertilized compared with control plots. Average soil volumetric water content (VWC) in winter was slightly but significantly higher (13.0% vs. 11.0%) in plots receiving added winter rain relative to controls, and VWC was slightly higher in warmed (14.5%) compared with control (13.5%) plots during the growing season even though surface soil temperatures were significantly higher in warmed plots. Despite these significant treatment effects, ANPP and plant community structure were highly resistant to these global change drivers prior to the fire. Burning reduced the cover of the dominant grasses by more than 75%. Following the fire, forb species richness and biomass increased significantly, particularly in warmed, fertilized plots that received additional winter precipitation. Thus, although unburned grassland showed little initial response to multiple ecological presses, our results demonstrate how a single pulse disturbance can interact with chronic alterations in resource availability to increase ecosystem sensitivity to multiple drivers of global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Laura M Ladwig
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Drive, 545 Birge Hall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Matthew D Petrie
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Sydney K Jones
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - John M Mulhouse
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - James R Thibault
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - William T Pockman
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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Navarro NP, Huovinen P, Gómez I. Stress tolerance of Antarctic macroalgae in the early life stages. REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40693-016-0051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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6
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Clark ES, Pompini M, Uppal A, Wedekind C. Genetic correlations and little genetic variance for reaction norms may limit potential for adaptation to pollution by ionic and nanoparticulate silver in a whitefish (Salmonidae). Ecol Evol 2016; 6:2751-62. [PMID: 27066251 PMCID: PMC4798832 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For natural populations to adapt to anthropogenic threats, heritable variation must persist in tolerance traits. Silver nanoparticles, the most widely used engineered nanoparticles, are expected to increase in concentrations in freshwaters. Little is known about how these particles affect wild populations, and whether genetic variation persists in tolerance to permit rapid evolutionary responses. We sampled wild adult whitefish and crossed them in vitro full factorially. In total, 2896 singly raised embryos of 48 families were exposed to two concentrations (0.5 μg/L; 100 μg/L) of differently sized silver nanoparticles or ions (silver nitrate). These doses were not lethal; yet higher concentrations prompted embryos to hatch earlier and at a smaller size. The induced hatching did not vary with nanoparticle size and was stronger in the silver nitrate group. Additive genetic variation for hatching time was significant across all treatments, with no apparent environmental dependencies. No genetic variation was found for hatching plasticity. We found some treatment‐dependent heritable variation for larval length and yolk volume, and one instance of additive genetic variation for the reaction norm on length at hatching. Our assessment suggests that the effects of silver exposure on additive genetic variation vary according to trait and silver source. While the long‐term fitness consequences of low‐level silver exposure on whitefish embryos must be further investigated to determine whether it is, in fact, detrimental, our results suggest that the evolutionary potential for adaptation to these types of pollutants may be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Clark
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Biophore University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Manuel Pompini
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Biophore University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Anshu Uppal
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Biophore University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Claus Wedekind
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Biophore University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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Roleda MY, Cornwall CE, Feng Y, McGraw CM, Smith AM, Hurd CL. Effect of Ocean Acidification and pH Fluctuations on the Growth and Development of Coralline Algal Recruits, and an Associated Benthic Algal Assemblage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140394. [PMID: 26469945 PMCID: PMC4607452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coralline algae are susceptible to the changes in the seawater carbonate system associated with ocean acidification (OA). However, the coastal environments in which corallines grow are subject to large daily pH fluctuations which may affect their responses to OA. Here, we followed the growth and development of the juvenile coralline alga Arthrocardia corymbosa, which had recruited into experimental conditions during a prior experiment, using a novel OA laboratory culture system to simulate the pH fluctuations observed within a kelp forest. Microscopic life history stages are considered more susceptible to environmental stress than adult stages; we compared the responses of newly recruited A. corymbosa to static and fluctuating seawater pH with those of their field-collected parents. Recruits were cultivated for 16 weeks under static pH 8.05 and 7.65, representing ambient and 4× preindustrial pCO2 concentrations, respectively, and two fluctuating pH treatments of daily [Formula: see text] (daytime pH = 8.45, night-time pH = 7.65) and daily [Formula: see text] (daytime pH = 8.05, night-time pH = 7.25). Positive growth rates of new recruits were recorded in all treatments, and were highest under static pH 8.05 and lowest under fluctuating pH 7.65. This pattern was similar to the adults' response, except that adults had zero growth under fluctuating pH 7.65. The % dry weight of MgCO3 in calcite of the juveniles was reduced from 10% at pH 8.05 to 8% at pH 7.65, but there was no effect of pH fluctuation. A wide range of fleshy macroalgae and at least 6 species of benthic diatoms recruited across all experimental treatments, from cryptic spores associated with the adult A. corymbosa. There was no effect of experimental treatment on the growth of the benthic diatoms. On the community level, pH-sensitive species may survive lower pH in the presence of diatoms and fleshy macroalgae, whose high metabolic activity may raise the pH of the local microhabitat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuanyuan Feng
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Abigail M. Smith
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Catriona L. Hurd
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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8
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Interactive Effects of Temperature and UV Radiation on Photosynthesis of Chlorella Strains from Polar, Temperate and Tropical Environments: Differential Impacts on Damage and Repair. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139469. [PMID: 26427046 PMCID: PMC4591349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming and ozone depletion, and the resulting increase of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), have far-reaching impacts on biota, especially affecting the algae that form the basis of the food webs in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the interactive effects of temperature and UVR by comparing the photosynthetic responses of similar taxa of Chlorella from Antarctic (Chlorella UMACC 237), temperate (Chlorella vulgaris UMACC 248) and tropical (Chlorella vulgaris UMACC 001) environments. The cultures were exposed to three different treatments: photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400–700 nm), PAR plus ultraviolet-A (320–400 nm) radiation (PAR + UV-A) and PAR plus UV-A and ultraviolet-B (280–320 nm) radiation (PAR + UV-A + UV-B) for one hour in incubators set at different temperatures. The Antarctic Chlorella was exposed to 4, 14 and 20°C. The temperate Chlorella was exposed to 11, 18 and 25°C while the tropical Chlorella was exposed to 24, 28 and 30°C. A pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer was used to assess the photosynthetic response of microalgae. Parameters such as the photoadaptive index (Ek) and light harvesting efficiency (α) were determined from rapid light curves. The damage (k) and repair (r) rates were calculated from the decrease in ΦPSIIeff over time during exposure response curves where cells were exposed to the various combinations of PAR and UVR, and fitting the data to the Kok model. The results showed that UV-A caused much lower inhibition than UV-B in photosynthesis in all Chlorella isolates. The three isolates of Chlorella from different regions showed different trends in their photosynthesis responses under the combined effects of UVR (PAR + UV-A + UV-B) and temperature. In accordance with the noted strain-specific characteristics, we can conclude that the repair (r) mechanisms at higher temperatures were not sufficient to overcome damage caused by UVR in the Antarctic Chlorella strain, suggesting negative effects of global climate change on microalgae inhabiting (circum-) polar regions. For temperate and tropical strains of Chlorella, damage from UVR was independent of temperature but the repair constant increased with increasing temperature, implying an improved ability of these strains to recover from UVR stress under global warming.
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9
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Lütz C, Di Piazza L, Fredersdorf J, Bischof K. The effect of ultraviolet radiation on cellular ultrastructure and photosystem II quantum yield of Alaria esculenta (L.) Greville from Spitsbergen (Norway). Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Photosynthetic characteristics and UV stress tolerance of Antarctic seaweeds along the depth gradient. Polar Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-013-1351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Roleda MY, Nyberg CD, Wulff A. UVR defense mechanisms in eurytopic and invasive Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 146:205-216. [PMID: 22420775 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The invasive success of Gracilaria vermiculophylla has been attributed to its wide tolerance range to different abiotic factors, but its response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is yet to be investigated. In the laboratory, carpospores and vegetative thalli of an Atlantic population were exposed to different radiation treatments consisting of high PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) only (P), PAR+UV-A (PA) and PAR+UV-A+UV-B (PAB). Photosynthesis of carpospores was photoinhibited under different radiation treatments but photosystem II (PSII) function was restored after 12 h under dim white light. Growth of vegetative thalli was significantly higher under radiation supplemented with UVR. Decrease in chlorophyll a (Chl a) under daily continuous 16-h exposure to 300 µmol photons m(-2) s(-1) of PAR suggests preventive accumulation of excited chlorophyll molecules within the antennae to minimize the generation of dangerous reactive oxygen species. Moreover, an increase in total carotenoids and xanthophyll cycle pigments (i.e. violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin) further suggests effective photoprotection under UVR. The presence of the ketocarotenoid β-cryptoxanthin also indicates protection against UVR and oxidative stress. The initial concentration of total mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in freshly-released spores increased approximately four times after 8-h laboratory radiation treatments. On the other hand, initial specific MAAs in vegetative thalli changed in composition after 7-day exposure to laboratory radiation conditions without affecting the total concentration. The above responses suggest that G. vermiculophylla have multiple UVR defense mechanisms to cope with the dynamic variation in light quantity and quality encountered in its habitat. Beside being eurytopic, the UVR photoprotective mechanisms likely contribute to the current invasive success of the species in shallow lagoons and estuaries exposed to high solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Roleda
- Department of Marine Ecology, Marine Botany, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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12
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Heinrich S, Valentin K, Frickenhaus S, John U, Wiencke C. Transcriptomic analysis of acclimation to temperature and light stress in Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae). PLoS One 2012; 7:e44342. [PMID: 22937172 PMCID: PMC3429442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Kelps, brown algae of the order Laminariales, dominate rocky shores and form huge kelp beds which provide habitat and nurseries for various marine organisms. Whereas the basic physiological and ecophysiological characteristics of kelps are well studied, the molecular processes underlying acclimation to different light and temperature conditions are still poorly understood. Therefore we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological acclimation to light and temperature stress. Sporophytes of S. latissima were exposed to combinations of light intensities and temperatures, and microarray hybridizations were performed to determine changes in gene expression patterns. This first large-scale transcriptomic study of a kelp species shows that S. latissima responds to temperature and light stress with a multitude of transcriptional changes: up to 32% of genes showed an altered expression after the exposure experiments. High temperature had stronger effects on gene expression in S. latissima than low temperature, reflected by the higher number of temperature-responsive genes. We gained insights into underlying molecular processes of acclimation, which includes adjustment of the primary metabolism as well as induction of several ROS scavengers and a sophisticated regulation of Hsps. We show that S. latissima, as a cold adapted species, must make stronger efforts for acclimating to high than to low temperatures. The strongest response was caused by the combination of high temperatures with high light intensities, which proved most harmful for the alga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Heinrich
- Department of Functional Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
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13
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14
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15
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Steinhoff FS, Graeve M, Bartoszek K, Bischof K, Wiencke C. Phlorotannin production and lipid oxidation as a potential protective function against high photosynthetically active and UV radiation in gametophytes of Alaria esculenta (Alariales, Phaeophyceae). Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:46-57. [PMID: 21958385 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.01004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Radiation damage can inter alia result in lipid peroxidation of macroalgal cell membranes. To prevent photo-oxidation within the cells, photoprotective substances such as phlorotannins are synthesized. In the present study, changes in total fatty acids (FA), FA composition and intra/extracellular phlorotannin contents were determined by gas chromatography and the Folin-Ciocalteu method to investigate the photoprotective potential of phlorotannins to prevent lipid peroxidation. Alaria esculenta juveniles (Phaeophyceae) were exposed over 20 days to high/low photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in combination with UV radiation (UVR) in the treatments: PAB (low/high PAR + UV-B + UV-A), PA (low/high PAR + UV-A) or low/high PAR only. While extracellular phlorotannins increased after 10 days, intracellular phlorotannins increased with exposure time and PA and decreased under PAB. Interactive effects of time:radiation wavebands, time:PAR dose as well as radiation wavebands:PAR dose were observed. Low FA contents were detected in the PA and PAB treatments; interactive effects were observed between time:high PAR and PAB:high PAR. Total FA contents were correlated to extra/intracellular phlorotannin contents. Our results suggest that phlorotannins might play a role in intra/extracellular protection by absorption and oxidation processes. Changes in FA content/composition upon UVR and high PAR might be considered as an adaptive mechanism of the A. esculenta juveniles subjected to variations in solar irradiance.
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16
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Impacts of Ozone Stratospheric Depletion and Solar UVB Radiation on Seaweeds. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28451-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Russell BD, Passarelli CA, Connell SD. FORECASTED CO2 MODIFIES THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT IN SHAPING SUBTIDAL HABITAT(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2011; 47:744-752. [PMID: 27020010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some abiotic conditions are well known to play disproportionately large roles in shaping contemporary assemblages, yet their roles may not continue to have similar magnitudes of effect into the future. We tested whether forecasted levels of CO2 could alter the strength of influence of an abiotic factor (i.e., light intensity) well known for its strength of influence on the subtidal ecology of photosynthetic organisms. We investigated these dynamics in two subtidal algal species that form contrasting associations with kelp forests, one negatively associated with kelp canopies (turf-forming brown algae, Feldmannia spp.) and the other positively associated with kelp as understory (calcifying red crustose algae, Lithophyllum sp.). Using an experimental approach, we assessed the independent and combined effects of [CO2 ] (control and elevated) and light (shade, low ultraviolet B [UVB], full light) on growth, recruitment, and relative electron transport rate (rETR). Under control [CO2 ], the effects of light corresponded to the relative light environments of the two groups of algae. The influence of light on the percentage cover and biomass of understory crusts was substantially reduced under elevated [CO2 ], which caused crusts to grow less. While elevated [CO2 ] had the opposite effect of positively influencing turf cover and biomass, it had the same effect of reducing the structuring effects of light and UVB. Hence, if we are to predict the ecological consequences of future CO2 conditions, the role of contemporary processes cannot be assumed to produce similar effects relative to other processes, which will change with a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayden D Russell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Claire A Passarelli
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Sean D Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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18
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Gruber A, Roleda MY, Bartsch I, Hanelt D, Wiencke C. SPOROGENESIS UNDER ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION IN LAMINARIA DIGITATA (PHAEOPHYCEAE) REVEALS PROTECTION OF PHOTOSENSITIVE MEIOSPORES WITHIN SORAL TISSUE: PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL EVIDENCE 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2011; 47:603-614. [PMID: 27021990 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.00998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of different radiation conditions on sporogenesis of Laminaria digitata (Huds.) J. V. Lamour., excised disks were induced to form sporangia under PAR (P), PAR + ultraviolet-A (UVA) (PA), and PAR + UVA + ultraviolet-B (UVB) (PAB) conditions in the laboratory. Vitality of meiospores, released from sori induced under different radiation conditions in the laboratory and from sori of wild sporophytes acclimated to in situ solar radiation in the presence and absence of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), was measured in terms of their germination capacity. Sorus induction in disks of laboratory-grown sporophytes was not hampered under light supplemented with UVR, and sorus area was not significantly different among P, PA, and PAB. Vitality and germination rate of meiospores released from sori induced under different radiation treatments was comparable. Likewise, screening of UVR of the natural solar radiation did not promote higher germination rates of meiospores released from wild sporophytes. Germination rates were, however, higher in meiospores released from laboratory-induced sori compared to sori of wild sporophytes. Higher DNA damage (formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, CPDs) was observed in laboratory-grown nonsorus compared to sorus tissue, while CPDs were nondetectable in both sorus and nonsorus tissue of wild sporophytes. To explain the apparent protection of developing meiospores and the unexpected UV resistance of soral tissue, concurrent anatomical investigations of sporogenic tissue were performed. We observed the previously unreported existence of two types of sterile paraphysis cells. One type of paraphysis cells, the most frequent type, contained several red-fluorescing plastids. The other type, less frequently occurring, was completely filled with substances emitting blue fluorescence under violet excitation, presumably brown algal phenolic compounds (phlorotannins). Cells of this type were irregularly scattered within the sorus and did not contain red-fluorescing plastids. Meiospore-containing sporangia were positioned embedded between both types of paraphysis cells. In vegetative tissue, blue autofluorescence was observed only in injured parts of the blade. Results of our study suggest that the sorus structure with phlorotannins localized in the specialized paraphysis cells may be able to screen harmful UVR and protect UV-sensitive meiospores inside the sporangia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Gruber
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, 22609 Hamburg, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Michael Y Roleda
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, 22609 Hamburg, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Inka Bartsch
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, 22609 Hamburg, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Dieter Hanelt
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, 22609 Hamburg, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Christian Wiencke
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, 22609 Hamburg, GermanySection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Häder DP, Helbling EW, Williamson CE, Worrest RC. Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with climate change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:242-60. [PMID: 21253662 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp90036b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The health of freshwater and marine ecosystems is critical to life on Earth. The impact of solar UV-B radiation is one potential stress factor that can have a negative impact on the health of certain species within these ecosystems. Although there is a paucity of data and information regarding the effect of UV-B radiation on total ecosystem structure and function, several recent studies have addressed the effects on various species within each trophic level. Climate change, acid deposition, and changes in other anthropogenic stressors such as pollutants alter UV exposure levels in inland and coastal marine waters. These factors potentially have important consequences for a variety of aquatic organisms including waterborne human pathogens. Recent results have demonstrated the negative impacts of exposure to UV-B radiation on primary producers, including effects on cyanobacteria, phytoplankton, macroalgae and aquatic plants. UV-B radiation is an environmental stressor for many aquatic consumers, including zooplankton, crustaceans, amphibians, fish, and corals. Many aquatic producers and consumers rely on avoidance strategies, repair mechanisms and the synthesis of UV-absorbing substances for protection. However, there has been relatively little information generated regarding the impact of solar UV-B radiation on species composition within natural ecosystems or on the interaction of organisms between trophic levels within those ecosystems. There remains the question as to whether a decrease in population size of the more sensitive primary producers would be compensated for by an increase in the population size of more tolerant species, and therefore whether there would be a net negative impact on the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide by these ecosystems. Another question is whether there would be a significant impact on the quantity and quality of nutrients cycling through the food web, including the generation of food proteins for humans. Interactive effects of UV radiation with changes in other stressors, including climate change and pollutants, are likely to be particularly important.
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Roleda MY, Lütz-Meindl U, Wiencke C, Lütz C. Physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural responses of the green macroalga Urospora penicilliformis from Arctic Spitsbergen to UV radiation. PROTOPLASMA 2010; 243:105-16. [PMID: 19296202 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-009-0037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of the filamentous turf green alga Urospora penicilliformis to ambient and artificial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) revealed a considerable resilient species. This explains the ability of this alga to thrive in the middle-upper intertidal zones of the Arctic sea where it is periodically exposed to environmental extremes. A transient UVR effect on photosynthesis under photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) + UV-A and PAR + UV-A + UV-B was found, but dynamic recovery of photoinhibition was observed immediately after reduction of the photon fluence rate of PAR in the absence or presence of background UVR under laboratory and natural solar radiation, respectively. Chlorophylls, carotenoids, and xanthophyll cycle pigments (violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin) concentrations were not significantly different between freshly collected samples and filaments exposed to additional laboratory radiation treatment. The ultrastructure of the U. penicilliformis gametophytes showed that the cells are well adapted to UVR. No significant ultrastructural alterations were observed in filaments exposed to different spectral irradiance in the laboratory compared to in situ acclimated specimen. The antioxidant alpha-tocopherol was detected in minute quantity while the search for flavonoid-like compounds was negative. Other UV screening strategies or certain genetically fixed physiological protective mechanism could be operating in this species responsible for their occurrence in higher shoreline and ecological success. Further molecular and biochemical studies are needed to elucidate the stress resistance in this turf alga. There is an indication that the extremely thick cell wall of U. penicilliformis gametophytes covered with mucilage sheath and dense layer of mineral depositions may provide a shield against unfavorable environmental conditions in general and against UVR in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Roleda
- Institute for Polar Ecology, University of Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany.
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Müller R, Wiencke C, Bischof K, Krock B. Zoospores of three Arctic laminariales under different UV radiation and temperature conditions: exceptional spectral absorbance properties and lack of phlorotannin induction. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:970-7. [PMID: 19175751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phlorotannins have often been considered to act as UV-protective compounds in zoospores of brown algae. However, only the absorption characteristics of zoospores under UV exposure have been determined and no data are available on the actual content of phlorotannins or on temperature-UV interactions. Therefore, we determined the absorbance spectra and the phlorotannin contents in zoospore suspensions of three Arctic species (Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata, Alaria esculenta), and in the media surrounding zoospores after exposure to different radiation (400-700, 320-700, 295-700 nm) and temperature (2-18 degrees C) conditions for 8 h. Absorption typical of phlorotannins with a maximum at 276 nm was monitored in zoospore suspensions as well as in the media surrounding zoospores, but the results depended strongly on radiation treatments and on zoospore densities. Surprisingly, the content of UV-absorbing phlorotannins subsequent to different exposures did not change in any of the three species. The observed exceptional absorption properties could, therefore, not be related to phlorotannin contents. These findings are discussed in light of a strong phlorotannin investment from sporophytes during spore release and a minor UV-protective role of phlorotannins for zoospores of Arctic kelp species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Müller
- Section Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Marine and Polar Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
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Holzinger A, Roleda MY, Lütz C. The vegetative arctic freshwater green alga Zygnema is insensitive to experimental UV exposure. Micron 2009; 40:831-8. [PMID: 19660959 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The physiological performance and ultrastructural integrity of the vegetative freshwater green alga Zygnema sp., growing under ambient polar day solar radiation and after exposure to experimentally low radiation, but with high UVR:PAR ratio were investigated. In the laboratory, algae were exposed to low photosynthetic active radiation (PAR=P, 400-700 nm, 20 micromol m(-2) s(-1)), PAR + UV-A = PA (320-400 nm, 4.00 W m(-2) = UV-A) and PAR + UV-A + UV-B = PAB (280-320 nm, 0.42 W m(-2) = UV-B) for 24 h at 7 degrees C. Photosynthetic performance and ultrastructure of ambient solar radiation-exposed (field control) and experimentally treated Zygnema samples were assessed using chlorophyll fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). No significant treatment effect was observed in the photosynthesis-irradiance curve parameters. Exclusion of the UV-B spectrum in the laboratory treatment caused significantly lower effective photosynthetic quantum yield compared to samples exposed to the whole radiation spectrum. TEM revealed no obvious differences in the ultrastructure of field control and laboratory P-, PA- and PAB-exposed samples. Substantial amounts of lipid bodies, visualized by Sudan IV staining, were observed in all samples. Chloroplasts contained numerous plastoglobules. Organelles like mitochondria, Golgi bodies and the nucleus remained unaffected by the radiation exposures. Zygnema is well adapted to ambient solar radiation, enabling the alga to cope with experimental UV exposure and it is expected to persist in a scenario with enhanced UV radiation caused by stratospheric ozone depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Holzinger
- Institute of Botany, Department of Physiology and Cell Physiology of Alpine Plants, Sternwartestrasse 15, A 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Fredersdorf J, Müller R, Becker S, Wiencke C, Bischof K. Interactive effects of radiation, temperature and salinity on different life history stages of the Arctic kelp Alaria esculenta (Phaeophyceae). Oecologia 2009; 160:483-92. [PMID: 19330357 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To estimate the potential effects of climate change on polar marine macroalgae, studies on interactive stress effects of multiple climate-related parameters are essential. Interactions of temperature, radiation and salinity on two different life history stages of Alaria esculenta (L.) Greville from the Kongsfjord (Spitsbergen) were investigated for the first time within this study. Adult macroscopic sporophytes of A. esculenta were exposed to different temperatures between 4 and 21 degrees C combined with artificial irradiation conditions [photosynthetically active radiation, ultraviolet (UV) radiation: UV-A/UV-B, first experiment] and with different salinities [34, 28, 20 practical salinity units (p.s.u.) second experiment]. Effects of photosynthetic activity were determined by measuring variable chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystem II. Germination success of young microscopic zoospores of A. esculenta was studied under multifactorial stress. Zoospore suspensions were exposed to the three different salinities and irradiation conditions at four temperatures between 2 and 16 degrees C. Overall, A. esculenta exhibited a highly stage-specific susceptibility towards the experimental treatments. In both experiments using sporophytes, photosynthetic activity showed significant temperature effects and only very few significant radiation and salinity effects. Microscopic stages of A. esculenta were shown to be more sensitive than the adult macroscopic stages, since germination capacity of zoospores was significantly affected by temperature and salinity changes, and interactions of both. These results suggest that multiple stress factors interact synergistically. Temperature seems to be a predominant environmental parameter for the kelp A. esculenta. Overall, A. esculenta proved to be relatively tolerant and adaptable to increasing temperature and UV radiation, as well as to diluted salinities, but only up to a specific limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Fredersdorf
- Department of Marine Botany, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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Roleda MY, Campana GL, Wiencke C, Hanelt D, Quartino ML, Wulff A. SENSITIVITY OF ANTARCTIC UROSPORA PENICILLIFORMIS (ULOTRICHALES, CHLOROPHYTA) TO ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION IS LIFE-STAGE DEPENDENT(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2009; 45:600-609. [PMID: 27034036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of different life stages of the eulittoral green alga Urospora penicilliformis (Roth) Aresch. to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) was examined in the laboratory. Gametophytic filaments and propagules (zoospores and gametes) released from filaments were separately exposed to different fluence of radiation treatments consisting of PAR (P = 400-700 nm), PAR + ultraviolet A (UVA) (PA, UVA = 320-400 nm), and PAR + UVA + ultraviolet B (UVB) (PAB, UVB = 280-320 nm). Photophysiological indices (ETRmax , Ek , and α) derived from rapid light curves were measured in controls, while photosynthetic efficiency and amount of DNA lesions in terms of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) were measured after exposure to radiation treatments and after recovery in low PAR; pigments of propagules were quantified after exposure treatment only. The photosynthetic conversion efficiency (α) and photosynthetic capacity (rETRmax ) were higher in gametophytes compared with the propagules. The propagules were slightly more sensitive to UVB-induced DNA damage; however, both life stages of the eulittoral inhabiting turf alga were not severely affected by the negative impacts of UVR. Exposure to a maximum of 8 h UVR caused mild effects on the photochemical efficiency of PSII and induced minimal DNA lesions in both the gametophytes and propagules. Pigment concentrations were not significantly different between PAR-exposed and PAR + UVR-exposed propagules. Our data showed that U. penicilliformis from the Antarctic is rather insensitive to the applied UVR. This amphi-equatorial species possesses different protective mechanisms that can cope with high UVR in cold-temperate waters of both hemispheres and in polar regions under conditions of increasing UVR as a consequence of further reduction of stratospheric ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Roleda
- Institute for Polar Ecology, Wischhofstraße 1-3, Bldg. 12, D-24148 Kiel, GermanyCONICET, Instituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248 (C1010AAZ), CA de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, D-22609 Hamburg, GermanyInstituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248 (C1010AAZ), CA de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of Marine Ecology, Marine Botany, Gothenburg University, Box 461, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gabriela L Campana
- Institute for Polar Ecology, Wischhofstraße 1-3, Bldg. 12, D-24148 Kiel, GermanyCONICET, Instituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248 (C1010AAZ), CA de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, D-22609 Hamburg, GermanyInstituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248 (C1010AAZ), CA de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of Marine Ecology, Marine Botany, Gothenburg University, Box 461, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian Wiencke
- Institute for Polar Ecology, Wischhofstraße 1-3, Bldg. 12, D-24148 Kiel, GermanyCONICET, Instituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248 (C1010AAZ), CA de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, D-22609 Hamburg, GermanyInstituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248 (C1010AAZ), CA de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of Marine Ecology, Marine Botany, Gothenburg University, Box 461, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dieter Hanelt
- Institute for Polar Ecology, Wischhofstraße 1-3, Bldg. 12, D-24148 Kiel, GermanyCONICET, Instituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248 (C1010AAZ), CA de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, D-22609 Hamburg, GermanyInstituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248 (C1010AAZ), CA de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of Marine Ecology, Marine Botany, Gothenburg University, Box 461, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Liliana Quartino
- Institute for Polar Ecology, Wischhofstraße 1-3, Bldg. 12, D-24148 Kiel, GermanyCONICET, Instituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248 (C1010AAZ), CA de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, D-22609 Hamburg, GermanyInstituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248 (C1010AAZ), CA de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of Marine Ecology, Marine Botany, Gothenburg University, Box 461, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angela Wulff
- Institute for Polar Ecology, Wischhofstraße 1-3, Bldg. 12, D-24148 Kiel, GermanyCONICET, Instituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248 (C1010AAZ), CA de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSection Functional Ecology, Department Seaweed Biology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyBiozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, D-22609 Hamburg, GermanyInstituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248 (C1010AAZ), CA de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of Marine Ecology, Marine Botany, Gothenburg University, Box 461, SE 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Miller Iii HL, Neale PJ, Dunton KH. BIOLOGICAL WEIGHTING FUNCTIONS FOR UV INHIBITION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN THE KELP LAMINARIA HYPERBOREA (PHAEOPHYCEAE)(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2009; 45:571-84. [PMID: 27034033 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Different wavelengths of sunlight either drive or inhibit macroalgal production. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) effectively disrupts photosynthesis, but since UVR is rapidly absorbed in coastal waters, macroalgal photoinhibition and tolerance to UVR depend on the depth of attachment and acclimation state of the individual. The inhibition response to UVR is quantified with a biological weighting function (BWF), a spectrum of empirically derived weights that link irradiance at a specific wavelength to overall biological effect. We determined BWFs for shallow (0 m, mean low water [MLW]) and deep (10 m) Laminaria hyperborea (Gunnerus) Foslie collected off the island of Finnøy, Norway. For each replicate sporophyte, we concurrently measured both O2 evolution and (13) C uptake in 48 different light treatments, which varied in UV spectral composition and irradiance. The relative shape of the kelp BWF was most similar to that of a land plant, and the absolute spectral weightings and sensitivity were typically less than phytoplankton, particularly in the ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) region. Differences in BWFs between O2 and (13) C photosynthesis and between shallow (high light) and deep (low light) kelp were also most significant in the UVA. Because of its greater contribution to total incident irradiance, UVA was more important to daily loss of production in kelp than ultraviolet radiation B (UVB). Photosynthetic quotient (PQ) also decreased with increased UVR stress, and the magnitude of PQ decline was greater in deepwater kelp. Significantly, BWFs assist in the comparison of biological responses to experimental light sources versus in situ sunlight and are critical to quantifying kelp production in a changing irradiance environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harlan L Miller Iii
- The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USASmithsonian Environmental Research Center, P. O. Box 28, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, USAThe University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA
| | - Patrick J Neale
- The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USASmithsonian Environmental Research Center, P. O. Box 28, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, USAThe University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA
| | - Kenneth H Dunton
- The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USASmithsonian Environmental Research Center, P. O. Box 28, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, USAThe University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA
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Transient sediment load on blades of Arctic Saccharina latissima can mitigate UV radiation effect on photosynthesis. Polar Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-008-0434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Neale PJ, Helbling EW, Day TA. Symposium-in-Print: UV Effects in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments†
Introduction. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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