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Biguetti CC, Lakkasetter Chandrashekar B, Simionato GB, Momesso NR, Duarte MAH, Rodrigues DC, Matsumoto MA. Influence of age and gender on alveolar bone healing post tooth extraction in 129 Sv mice: a microtomographic, histological, and biochemical characterization. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4605-4616. [PMID: 37261497 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the effect of biological sex and aging on craniofacial bone features in 129 Sv mice and their influence on dental socket healing post tooth extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 52 129 Sv mice were used, of which 28 were young (3-4 months) and 24 were aged (17-18 months), equally distributed according to biological sex. After an upper right incisor extraction, mice specimens were collected at 7, 14, and 21-days post-surgery for microtomographic (microCT) and comprehensive histological analysis. Mandible, skull bones, and maxillae at 21 days were analyzed by microCT, while blood plasma samples were collected for the detection of key bone turnover markers (P1NP and CTX-1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay. RESULTS Aged females depicted significantly decreased mineralized bone content in alveolar sockets in comparison to young females and aged males at day 7, and aged males at day 14. Mandible RCA and Ma.AR of aged females were also significantly decreased in comparison with young females. Histological evaluation revealed that all alveolar sockets healed at 21 days with inflammation resolution and deposition of new bone. Immunohistochemistry for TRAP revealed increased area density for osteoclasts in alveolar sockets of aged females when compared to young females at 21 days. While a significant increase in CTX-1 levels was detected in blood plasma of aged females when compared to young females, P1NP levels did not significantly change between young and older females. No significant changes were observed for males. CONCLUSIONS Age and gender can significantly affect craniofacial bones of 129 Sv mice, especially maxilla and mandible in females. Considering the altered bone resorption parameters and delayed alveolar bone healing in older females, careful deliberation is necessary during development of pre-clinical models for craniofacial research. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Aging can be a contributing factor to slower bone healing in craniofacial bones. However, there are no sufficient experimental studies that have addressed this phenomenon along with biological sex taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Department of Surgery and Biomechanics, School of Podiatric Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, TX, USA.
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Araçatuba, Brazil.
| | | | - Gustavo Baroni Simionato
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Nataira Regina Momesso
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Dental Materials and Endodontics, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mariza Akemi Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Araçatuba, Brazil
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Omi M, Mishina Y. Roles of osteoclasts in alveolar bone remodeling. Genesis 2022; 60:e23490. [PMID: 35757898 PMCID: PMC9786271 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells from hematopoietic origin and are responsible for bone resorption. A balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation is critical to maintain bone homeostasis. The alveolar bone, also called the alveolar process, is the part of the jawbone that holds the teeth and supports oral functions. It differs from other skeletal bones in several aspects: its embryonic cellular origin, the form of ossification, and the presence of teeth and periodontal tissues; hence, understanding the unique characteristic of the alveolar bone remodeling is important to maintain oral homeostasis. Excessive osteoclastic bone resorption is one of the prominent features of bone diseases in the jaw such as periodontitis. Therefore, inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorptive process has been the target of therapeutic intervention. Understanding the mechanisms of osteoclastic bone resorption is critical for the effective treatment of bone diseases in the jaw. In this review, we discuss basic principles of alveolar bone remodeling with a specific focus on the osteoclastic bone resorptive process and its unique functions in the alveolar bone. Lastly, we provide perspectives on osteoclast-targeted therapies and regenerative approaches associated with bone diseases in the jaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Omi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Improving the Endoprosthesis Design and the Postoperative Therapy as a Means of Reducing Complications Risks after Total Hip Arthroplasty. LUBRICANTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants10030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the most high-tech, efficient and reliable surgical procedures is Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). Due to the increase in average life expectancy, it is especially relevant for older people suffering from chronic joint disease, allowing them to return to an active lifestyle. However, the rejuvenation of such a severe joint disease as osteoarthritis requires the search for new solutions that increase the lifespan of a Total Hip Replacement (THR). Current trends in the development of this area are primarily focused on the creation of new materials used in THR and methods for their processing that meet the requirements of biocompatibility, long-term strength, wear resistance and the absence of an immune system response aimed at rejection. This study is devoted to the substantiation of one of the possible approaches to increase the reliability and durability of THR, based on the improvement of the implant design and postoperative rehabilitation technology, potentially reducing the risk of complications in the postoperative period.
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Kim DH, Kim HJ, Kim S, Koo KT, Kim TI, Seol YJ, Lee YM, Ku Y, Rhyu IC. Comparison of marginal bone loss between internal- and external-connection dental implants in posterior areas without periodontal or peri-implant disease. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2018; 48:103-113. [PMID: 29770239 PMCID: PMC5944221 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2018.48.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this retrospective study with 4-12 years of follow-up was to compare the marginal bone loss (MBL) between external-connection (EC) and internal-connection (IC) dental implants in posterior areas without periodontal or peri-implant disease on the adjacent teeth or implants. Additional factors influencing MBL were also evaluated. Methods This retrospective study was performed using dental records and radiographic data obtained from patients who had undergone dental implant treatment in the posterior area from March 2006 to March 2007. All the implants that were included had follow-up periods of more than 4 years after loading and satisfied the implant success criteria, without any peri-implant or periodontal disease on the adjacent implants or teeth. They were divided into 2 groups: EC and IC. Subgroup comparisons were conducted according to splinting and the use of cement in the restorations. A statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for comparisons between 2 groups and the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparisons among more than 2 groups. Results A total of 355 implants in 170 patients (206 EC and 149 IC) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this study. The mean MBL was 0.47 mm and 0.15 mm in the EC and IC implants, respectively, which was a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Comparisons according to splinting (MBL of single implants: 0.34 mm, MBL of splinted implants: 0.31 mm, P=0.676) and cement use (MBL of cemented implants: 0.27 mm, MBL of non-cemented implants: 0.35 mm, P=0.178) showed no statistically significant differences in MBL, regardless of the implant connection type. Conclusions IC implants showed a more favorable bone response regarding MBL in posterior areas without peri-implantitis or periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Koo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ku
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Chul Rhyu
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Uto Y, Kuroshima S, Nakano T, Ishimoto T, Inaba N, Uchida Y, Sawase T. Effects of mechanical repetitive load on bone quality around implants in rat maxillae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189893. [PMID: 29244883 PMCID: PMC5731745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater understanding and acceptance of the new concept "bone quality", which was proposed by the National Institutes of Health and is based on bone cells and collagen fibers, are required. The novel protein Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) is associated with osteoprotection by regulating bone cells. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of mechanical loads on Sema3A production and bone quality based on bone cells and collagen fibers around implants in rat maxillae. Grade IV-titanium threaded implants were placed at 4 weeks post-extraction in maxillary first molars. Implants received mechanical loads (10 N, 3 Hz for 1800 cycles, 2 days/week) for 5 weeks from 3 weeks post-implant placement to minimize the effects of wound healing processes by implant placement. Bone structures, bone mineral density (BMD), Sema3A production and bone quality based on bone cells and collagen fibers were analyzed using microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, immunohistomorphometry, polarized light microscopy and birefringence measurement system inside of the first and second thread (designated as thread A and B, respectively), as mechanical stresses are concentrated and differently distributed on the first two threads from the implant neck. Mechanical load significantly increased BMD, but not bone volume around implants. Inside thread B, but not thread A, mechanical load significantly accelerated Sema3A production with increased number of osteoblasts and osteocytes, and enhanced production of both type I and III collagen. Moreover, mechanical load also significantly induced preferential alignment of collagen fibers in the lower flank of thread B. These data demonstrate that mechanical load has different effects on Sema3A production and bone quality based on bone cells and collagen fibers between the inside threads of A and B. Mechanical load-induced Sema3A production may be differentially regulated by the type of bone structure or distinct stress distribution, resulting in control of bone quality around implants in jaw bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Uto
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kuroshima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nao Inaba
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Uchida
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Scarano A, Lorusso C, Di Giulio C, Mazzatenta A. Evaluation of the Sealing Capability of the Implant Healing Screw by Using Real Time Volatile Organic Compounds Analysis: Internal Hexagon Versus Cone Morse. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1492-1498. [PMID: 27420108 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implant sealing capability is a crucial issue in assessment of implant success and peri-implant marginal bone loss. Clinical studies demonstrated presence of viable bacteria in the internal part of functioning implants during tissue healing. For this study, a volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission test was developed to evaluate the existing "seal" between implant and healing screw. Two kinds of implant-screw connection were compared: 1) internal hexagon; and 2) cone Morse. METHODS Fifteen patients were enrolled in the study, three males and 12 females, who required fixed prosthetic rehabilitation. A total of 37 implants was placed, 23 with a cone Morse taper internal connection and 14 with a screw-retained internal hexagon abutment. VOCs real-time measures were performed in the implant site immediately after removing the healing screw. RESULTS Statistical analysis was carried out. Results showed VOCs maximum peak amplitude in cone Morse versus internal hexagon showed significant difference (P <0.001), whereas VOCs time to peak showed no significant difference (P = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS Use of the new methodology for the VOCs emission test may lead to important new data for understanding how the "failed" attachment of implant components, in two-part assemblies, may contribute to implant losses. In particular, study results support the hypothesis that the microgap of the implant-screw healing junction could cause differences in bacterial penetration. VOCs emission test evaluation represents a new diagnostic tool with an effective approach to quickly analyze, in real time, sealing capability of dental implants with healing screw interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and Center for Research on Aging and Translational Medicine, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - C Lorusso
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and Center for Research on Aging and Translational Medicine, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - C Di Giulio
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Physiopathology Section, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara
| | - A Mazzatenta
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Physiopathology Section, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara
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Abstract
AIM The aim of this search was to assess the biological consequences that overload might have on already osseointegrated oral implants through a systematic screening of the scientific literature. METHOD Detailed searches through PUBMED, OVID, EMBASE and LILACS databases were made. Articles published up to December 2011 and those reported on the clinical, radiographic and/or histological outcome of oral implants subjected to so-called overload were considered eligible for inclusion. Identified studies were assessed by one non-blinded reviewer according to well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. When doubt arose, the co-authors were counselled until final agreement was obtained. The PICO questions formulated was:"what is the effect of overload vs. no overload on bone/implant loss in clinically stable implants?" RESULTS The database searches as well as additional hand searching, resulted in 726 potentially relevant titles. Eventually, 16 clinical and 25 animal studies were considered relevant to the topic. After inclusion/exclusion criteria assessment, all clinical studies and all but three animal studies and one systematic review were considered at high risk of bias and excluded. The included animal studies did not reveal an association between overload and peri-implant bone loss in the absence of peri-implant inflammation, whereas in its presence, overload seemed to aggravate the peri-implant tissue breakdown. CONCLUSIONS The effect of implant overload on bone/implant loss in clinically well-integrated implants is poorly reported and provides little unbiased evidence to support a cause-and-effect relationship. The PICO question remained unanswered. At the animal level, "overload", mimicked by supra-occlusal contacts acting in an uninflamed peri-implant environment, did not negatively affect osseointegration and even was anabolic. In contrast, supra-occlusal contacts in the presence of inflammation significantly increased the plaque-induced bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignace Naert
- KU Leuven, Clinical Unit for Prosthetic Dentistry, BIOMAT KU Leuven, Department of Oral Health Sciences & Dental Clinics University Hospitals, KU Leuven (Catholic University of Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 7 blok a bus 7001, BE, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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A 5-year prospective radiographic evaluation of marginal bone levels adjacent to parallel-screw cylinder machined-neck implants and rough-surfaced microthreaded implants using digitized panoramic radiographs. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 41:564-8. [PMID: 23332435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this split-mouth study was to compare macro- and microstructure implant surfaces at the marginal bone level over five years of functional loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January to February 2006, 133 implants (70 rough-surfaced microthreaded implants and 63 machined-neck implants) were inserted in the mandible of 34 patients with Kennedy Class I residual dentitions and followed until December 2011. Marginal bone level was radiographically determined at six time points: implant placement (baseline), after the healing period, after six months, and at two years, three years, and five years follow-up. RESULTS Median follow-up time was 5.2 years (range: 5.1-5.4). The machined-neck group had a mean crestal bone loss of 0.5 mm (0.0-2.3) after the healing period, 1.1 mm (0.0-3.0) at two years follow-up, and 1.4 mm (0.0-2.9) at five years follow-up. The rough-surfaced microthreaded implant group had a mean bone loss of 0.1 mm (-0.4 to 2.0) after the healing period, 0.5 mm (0.0-2.1) at two years follow-up, and 0.7 mm (0.0-2.3) at five years follow-up. The two implant types showed significant differences in marginal bone levels. CONCLUSIONS Rough-surfaced microthreaded design caused significantly less loss of crestal bone levels under long-term functional loading in the mandible when compared to machined-neck implants.
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Negri B, Calvo Guirado JL, Maté Sánchez de Val JE, Delgado Ruíz RA, Ramírez Fernández MP, Barona Dorado C. Peri-implant tissue reactions to immediate nonocclusal loaded implants with different collar design: an experimental study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 25:e54-63. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Negri
- Department of General Dentistry and Implants; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - José L. Calvo Guirado
- Department of General Dentistry and Implants; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - José E. Maté Sánchez de Val
- Department of General Dentistry and Implants; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Rafael A. Delgado Ruíz
- Department of General Dentistry and Implants; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - María P. Ramírez Fernández
- Department of General Dentistry and Implants; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Cristina Barona Dorado
- Department of Oral Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; University Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
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Vignoletti F, Abrahamsson I. Quality of reporting of experimental research in implant dentistry. Critical aspects in design, outcome assessment and model validation. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39 Suppl 12:6-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vignoletti
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Odontology; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid; Spain
| | - Ingemar Abrahamsson
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
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Nickenig HJ, Wichmann M, Schlegel KA, Nkenke E, Eitner S. Radiographic evaluation of marginal bone levels adjacent to parallel-screw cylinder machined-neck implants and rough-surfaced microthreaded implants using digitized panoramic radiographs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2009; 20:550-4. [PMID: 19302236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Nickenig
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Erlangen, G-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Marchisio M, Di Carmine M, Pagone R, Piattelli A, Miscia S. Implant surface roughness influences osteoclast proliferation and differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 75:251-6. [PMID: 16078239 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The osteoclast is a hematopoietic cell derived from CFU-GM and branches from the monocyte-macrophage lineage during the differentiation process. Biological environment appears to be crucial for osteoclast formation and activity. It has been reported that bone remodeling following implant placement requires a coordinated activity by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. The response of such cells at the bone-implant interface has been suggested to be affected by the structural and morphological features of the biomaterial surface. To shed more light on this topic we performed a multiparametric analysis of murine monocytes response to different titanium surfaces. These cells, RAW 264.7 type TIB-71, represent a very useful system because they differentiate into osteoclasts following treatment of definite doses of the osteoclast-differentiation factor RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Cells, cultured on glass (control), on grade 3 machined and on titanium pull-spray superficial-TPSS surfaces disclosed profound different responses in terms of morphological rearrangements, adhesion, and differentiation abilities. Indeed, after 14 days, cells cultured on glass and machined surfaces were uniformly distributed, while, on the TPSS surface cells strictly aggregated into small isolated clusters were observed. In addition, cells cultured on the machined surface displayed a higher adhesion ability, while cells cultured on the rougher surface disclosed a more evident capability to differentiate. These results could explain the higher bone-implant contact percentage found around implants with rougher surfaces and suggest that osteoclasts may play an important role in the initial period after implant placement to prime or prepare the implant surface for the osteoblast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marchisio
- School of Medicine, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
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Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lindhe J. Bone reactions to longstanding functional load at implants: an experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32:925-32. [PMID: 16104954 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2005.00747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the present investigation were (i) to study marginal bone level alterations following implant installation, abutment connection and functional loading and (ii) to analyse bone tissue reactions to functional load. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six beagle dogs, about 1-year old, were used. All mandibular pre-molars were extracted. Three months later four implants of the Astra Tech Implants Dental System were installed in one side of the mandible and four standard fixtures of the Brånemark System were placed in the contralateral side of the mandible. Abutment connection was performed 3 months later and a plaque control programme was initiated. Three months after abutment connection fixed partial dentures (FPDs) made in gold were cemented to the maxillary canines and pre-molars. FPDs were also connected to the three posterior implants in each side of the mandible, while the mesial implant in each side was used as an unloaded control. Radiographs were obtained from all implant sites following implant installation, abutment connection and FPD placement. Ten months after the FPD placement the radiographic examination was repeated. The animals were sacrificed and biopsies from all implant sites were obtained and prepared for histological analysis. RESULTS The radiographic analysis revealed that largest amount of bone loss occurred following implant installation and abutment connection and that this loss was more pronounced at Brånemark than at Astra implants. The bone level alterations that were observed at implants exposed to 10 months of functional load in both implant systems were small and did not differ from control sites. The histological analysis revealed that implants exposed to functional load exhibited a higher degree of bone-to-implant contact than control implants in both implant systems. CONCLUSION It is suggested that functional load at implants may enhance osseointegration and does not result in marginal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Berglundh
- Department of Periodontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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