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Pitchai M, Ipe D, Tadakamadla S, Hamlet S. Titanium Implant Surface Effects on Adherent Macrophage Phenotype: A Systematic Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7314. [PMID: 36295379 PMCID: PMC9609829 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Immunomodulatory biomaterials have the potential to stimulate an immune response able to promote constructive and functional tissue remodeling responses as opposed to persistent inflammation and scar tissue formation. As such, the controlled activation of macrophages and modulation of their phenotype through implant surface modification has emerged as a key therapeutic strategy. METHODS Online databases were searched for in vitro studies between January 1991 and June 2020 which examined the effect of titanium implant surface topography on the adherent macrophage phenotype at either the gene or protein level. RESULTS Thirty-nine studies were subsequently included for review. Although there was significant heterogeneity between studies, treatment of titanium surfaces increased the surface roughness or hydrophilicity, and hence increased macrophage attachment but decreased cell spreading. Physical coating of the titanium surface also tended to promote the formation of cell clusters. Titanium and titanium-zirconium alloy with a micro- or nano-scale rough topography combined with a hydrophilic surface chemistry were the most effective surfaces for inducing an anti-inflammatory phenotype in adherent macrophages, as indicated by significant changes in cytokine gene expression and or cytokine secretion profiles. CONCLUSIONS The published data support the hypothesis that incorporation of specific topographical and physiochemical surface modifications to titanium can modulate the phenotypic response of adherent macrophages.
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Andrucioli MCD, Matsumoto MAN, Fukada SY, Saraiva MCP, Bergamo AZN, Romano FL, Silva RABD, Silva LABD, Nelson-Filho P. Quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis markers in successful and failed orthodontic mini-implants. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180476. [PMID: 31596364 PMCID: PMC6768117 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Miniscrew has been frequently used, considering that anchorage control is a critical point in orthodontic treatment, and its failure, the main adverse problem. Using two groups of stable (successful) and unstable (failed) mini-implants, this in vivo study aimed to quantify proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 α, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α and osteoclastogenesis marker RANK, RANKL, and OPG in gingival tissue, using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Methodology: Thirteen patients of both sexes (11-49 years old) under orthodontic treatment were selected, obtaining 11 successful and 7 failed mini-implants. The mini-implants were placed and removed by the same surgeon, in both jaws. The mean time of permanence in the mouth was 29.4 months for successful and 7.6 months for failed mini-implants. At removal time, peri-mini-implant gingival tissue samples were collected and processed for quantification of the proinflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis markers. Nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test considering the clusters and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis (α=0.05). Results: No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between the groups for either quantification of cytokines or osteoclastogenesis markers, except for IL-6 (p<0.05). Conclusions: It may be concluded that the expression of IL-1α, IL-17, TNF-α, RANK, RANKL, and OPG in peri-implant gingival tissue were not determinant for mini-implant stability loss, but the higher IL-6 expression could be associated with mini-implant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cristina Damião Andrucioli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sandra Yasuyo Fukada
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Famacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Física e Química, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria Conceição Pereira Saraiva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Zilda Nazar Bergamo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fábio Lourenço Romano
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
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Wu H, Xie L, He M, Zhang R, Tian Y, Liu S, Gong T, Huo F, Yang T, Zhang Q, Guo S, Tian W. A wear-resistant TiO 2 nanoceramic coating on titanium implants for visible-light photocatalytic removal of organic residues. Acta Biomater 2019; 97:597-607. [PMID: 31398472 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An effective treatment for peri-implantitis is to completely remove all the bacterial deposits from the contaminated implants, especially the organic residues, to regain biocompatibility and re-osseointegration, but none of the conventional decontamination treatments has achieve this goal. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 coating on titanium implants to degrade organic contaminants has attracted researchers' attention recently. But a pure TiO2 coating only responses to harmful ultraviolet light. Additionally, the poor coating mechanical properties are unable to protect the coating integrity versus initial mechanical decontamination. To address these issues, a unique TiO2 nanoceramic coating was fabricated on titanium substrates through an innovative plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) based procedure, which showed a disordered layer with oxygen vacancies on the outmost part. As a result, the coating could decompose methylene blue, rhodamine B, and pre-adsorbed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) under visible light. Additionally, the coating showed two-fold higher hardness than untreated titanium and excellent wear resistance against steel decontamination instruments, which could be attributed to the specific micro-structure, including the densely packed nanocrystals and good metallurgical combination. Moreover, the in vitro response of MG63 cells confirmed that the coating had comparable biocompatibility and osteoconductivity to untreated titanium substrates. This study provides a unique coating technique as well as a photocatalytic cleaning strategy to enhance decontamination of titanium dental implants, which will favour the development of peri-implantitis treatments. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The treatment of peri-implantitis is based on the complete removal of bacterial deposits, especially the organic residues, but conventional decontamination treatments are hard to achieve it. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 coating on titanium implants to degrade organic contaminants provides a promising strategy for deeper decontamination, but its nonactivation to visible light and poor mechanical properties have limited its application. To address these issues, a unique TiO2 nanoceramic coating was fabricated on titanium substrates based on plasma electrolytic oxidation. The coating showed enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity, excellent wear resistance and satisfied biocompatibility. Based on this functional coating, it is promising to develop a more efficient strategy for deep decontamination of implant surface, which will favour the development of peri-implantitis treatments.
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Sánchez-Pérez A, Cano-Tovar AB, Martín-de-Llano JJ, Sarobe-Oyarzun FJ, Davis S, Carda-Batalla C. Effect of Rotary Instrument Mineral Oil Lubricant on Osseointegration: A Randomized, Blinded Study in Rabbits. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2018; 45:12-17. [PMID: 30036145 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-18-00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of early failures in dental implant osseointegration are unclear. A possible cause of low levels of bone formation is lubricant contamination on implants during insertion. To explore the impact of lubricant contamination on dental implants, we used 5 New Zealand rabbits and inserted 2 implants per tibia in each animal for a total of 4 implants per animal (20 implants in total). In general, bicorticalization was achieved. The first implant was placed as suggested by the manufacturer with no lubricant used (control). The second implant was placed using a freshly lubricated contra-angle handpiece, which was used only for the test implants. Implant allocation was randomized, and the examining histologist was blinded to the results. All implants were placed by the same surgeon. The animals were maintained in accordance with animal experimentation guidelines. None of the implants failed to osseointegrate. Moreover, no significant difference was observed between the test and control groups. Based on the results of this study, the use of rotary instrument mineral oil lubricant did not jeopardize the osseointegration of dental implants in New Zealand rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Sánchez-Pérez
- 1 Periodontics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Scott Davis
- 5 Port Macquarie and Coffs Harbour, NSW Australia
| | - Carmen Carda-Batalla
- 3 Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València; INCLIVA, Spain
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Andrucioli MCD, Matsumoto MAN, Saraiva MCP, Feres M, Figueiredo LCD, Sorgi CA, Faccioli LH, Silva RABD, Silva LABD, Nelson-Filho P. Successful and failed mini-implants: microbiological evaluation and quantification of bacterial endotoxin. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170631. [PMID: 29995147 PMCID: PMC6025887 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Using two groups of mini-implants (successful and failed) the objectives of this in vivo study were: to evaluate the microbial contamination by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique and to quantify the bacterial endotoxin by the limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Material and Methods The 15 successful and 10 failed mini-implants (1.6 mm diameter × 7.0 or 9.0 mm long), placed in the maxilla and/or mandible, were obtained from 15 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Data were analyzed statistically by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test using the SAS software (a=0.05). Results All 40 microbial species were detected in both groups of mini-implants, with different frequencies. No differences were observed between the groups with respect to microbial complexes (blue, purple, yellow, green, orange, red and other species) and endotoxin quantification (p>0.05). Conclusion Neither microbial contamination nor endotoxin quantification was determinant for the early loss of stability of the mini-implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Cristina Damião Andrucioli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria Conceição Pereira Saraiva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Magda Feres
- Universidade de Guarulhos, Divisão de Pesquisa Odontológica, Departamento de Periodontia, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Carlos Artério Sorgi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lucia Helena Faccioli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
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Effects of photodynamic laser and violet-blue led irradiation on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide attached to moderately rough titanium surface: in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:857-864. [PMID: 28283813 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Effective decontamination of biofilm and bacterial toxins from the surface of dental implants is a yet unresolved issue. This study investigates the in vitro efficacy of photodynamic treatment (PDT) with methylene blue (MB) photoactivated with λ 635 nm diode laser and of λ 405 nm violet-blue LED phototreatment for the reduction of bacterial biofilm and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) adherent to titanium surface mimicking the bone-implant interface. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm grown on titanium discs with a moderately rough surface was subjected to either PDT (0.1% MB and λ 635 nm diode laser) or λ 405 nm LED phototreatment for 1 and 5 min. Bactericidal effect was evaluated by vital staining and residual colony-forming unit count. Biofilm and titanium surface morphology were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In parallel experiments, discs coated with Escherichia coli LPS were treated as above before seeding with RAW 264.7 macrophages to quantify LPS-driven inflammatory cell activation by measuring the enhanced generation of nitric oxide (NO). Both PDT and LED phototreatment induced a statistically significant (p < 0.05 or higher) reduction of viable bacteria, up to -99 and -98% (5 min), respectively. Moreover, besides bactericidal effect, PDT and LED phototreatment also inhibited LPS bioactivity, assayed as nitrite formation, up to -42%, thereby blunting host inflammatory response. Non-invasive phototherapy emerges as an attractive alternative in the treatment of peri-implantitis to reduce bacteria and LPS adherent to titanium implant surface without causing damage of surface microstructure. Its efficacy in the clinical setting remains to be investigated.
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Harvesting pre-polarized macrophages using thermo-responsive substrates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42495. [PMID: 28195152 PMCID: PMC5307341 DOI: 10.1038/srep42495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cell culture environment macrophages are highly adherent cells. Currently used methods to harvest macrophages have the disadvantage of reducing cell viability and their ability to re-attach after seeding. Although thermo-responsive surfaces have been employed to harvest cell sheets no reports are available to use these to harvest (pre-polarized) macrophages. We show that this method significantly improves the yield of living macrophages and percentage of subsequent cell reattachment, whilst having a minimal effect on the cell phenotype.
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Boccalini G, Conti L, Montis C, Bani D, Bencini A, Berti D, Giorgi C, Mengoni A, Valtancoli B. Methylene blue-containing liposomes as new photodynamic anti-bacterial agents. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2788-2797. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel cationic liposomes containing the photo-activatable drug methylene blue (MB) strongly enhance the antibacterial activity of MB towards Gram-negative bacteria and improve biofilm penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Boccalini
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine
- Research Unit of Histology & Embryology
- University of Florence
- Italy
| | - Luca Conti
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff
- University of Florence
- Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
| | - Costanza Montis
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff and CSGI
- University of Florence
- Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine
- Research Unit of Histology & Embryology
- University of Florence
- Italy
| | - Andrea Bencini
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff
- University of Florence
- Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff and CSGI
- University of Florence
- Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
| | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff
- University of Florence
- Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
| | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology
- University of Florence
- Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
| | - Barbara Valtancoli
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff
- University of Florence
- Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
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In Vitro Cytokine Expression and In Vivo Healing and Inflammatory Response to a Collagen-Coated Synthetic Bone Filler. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6427681. [PMID: 27195293 PMCID: PMC4852337 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6427681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present work was to investigate the relationship between in vivo healing and inflammatory response and in vitro cytokine expression by macrophages of a synthetic bone filler (25% hydroxylapatite-75% β-tricalcium phosphate) bearing a surface nanolayer of collagen. A clinically accepted, state-of-the-art xenograft material was used as a “negative control,” that is, as a material that provides the correct clinical response for the intended use. In vitro data show that both materials exert a very low stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and this was confirmed by the very mild inflammatory response detected in in vivo tests of local response in a rabbit model. Also, in vitro findings suggest a different mechanism of healing for the test and the control material, with a higher regenerative activity for the synthetic, resorbable filler, as confirmed by in vivo observation and literature reports. Thus, the simple in vitro model adopted provides a reasonable forecast of in vivo results, suggesting that new product development can be guided by in vitro tuning of cell-materials interactions.
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