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Ahmadipour S, Varshosaz J, Hashemibeni B, Manshaei M, Safaeian L. In vivo assessment of bone repair by an injectable nanocomposite scaffold for local co-delivery of autologous platelet-rich plasma and calcitonin in rat model. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:98-108. [PMID: 35659167 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2087080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Gellan gum is obtained from the bacterium Sphingomonas elodea and is a polysaccharide with carboxylic acid functional groups. The goal of this project was to investigate the osteoinductive effect of local administration of calcitonin through an injectable scaffold of gellan gum containing salmon calcitonin loaded in silsesquioxane nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite, and platelets rich plasma.Methods: The femur of rats was defected by creating a 2 × 5 mm2 hole using an electric drill. The defect was filled with an injectable hydrogel scaffold composed of gellan gum enriched with salmon calcitonin loaded in silsesquioxane nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite, platelets rich plasma and then the radiologic images were taken. Bone densitometry and the histologic studies were carried out by Hematoxylin & Eosin test. Biochemical analysis was done to measure the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, calcitonin concentration.Results: Healing of the bone defects and bone densitometry in the treated group by calcitonin-loaded scaffold was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and bone formation occupied 75% of the defect that was greater than other groups. Serum ALP and calcium levels in the scaffold-loaded calcitonin group were more than the other groups (p < 0.05). The osteogenic marker genes also increased significantly (p < 0.05) with free calcitonin and the scaffold.Conclusions: Gellan gum-based scaffold loaded with calcitonin may be considered a promising local treatment to progress bone formation in repairing of skeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Ahmadipour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batool Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maziar Manshaei
- Dental research center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Safaeian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Snyder CJ, Lothamer C. Patient Triage, First Aid Care, and Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 52:271-288. [PMID: 34838254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Maxillofacial trauma is a common presentation in veterinary medical practice. Accurate assessment, diagnostics, pain management, and finally repair are tenants to treatment. In addition to typical tenants for fracture repair, the restoration of occlusion and return to function (eating, drinking, grooming) are unique to trauma management in these patients. Options for repair include conservative management (tape muzzles), noninvasive repair techniques (interdental wiring and composite splinting), and invasive repair techniques (interfragmentary wiring and plate and screw fixation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Snyder
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Charles Lothamer
- University of Tennesee, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Feigin K, Shope B. Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Dentistry and Oral Surgery: Introduction and Review of the Literature. J Vet Dent 2019; 36:109-123. [DOI: 10.1177/0898756419876057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet concentrates, mostly represented by platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin, have gained significant interest in various medical and oral disciplines because of their potential to stimulate and boost regeneration of hard and soft tissues. Prepared from the patient’s own blood, they have been tested and used in various different surgical fields including oral and maxillofacial surgery. The effects of these biomaterials are described to be a result of the large concentration of platelets which contain a wide range of growth factors. The aim of this article is to introduce the principle and function of these platelet concentrates, to review their preparation, and to provide a comprehensive examination of the published oral and maxillofacial literature on this subject.
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Park MS, Moon SH, Kim TH, Oh JK, Yoon WY, Chang HG. Platelet-rich plasma for the spinal fusion. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2019; 26:2309499018755772. [PMID: 29415616 DOI: 10.1177/2309499018755772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a wide interest in using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a therapeutic agent to enhance spinal fusion. There are two review articles based only on clinical studies regarding the effect of PRP on spinal fusion. However, with regard to both animal model studies and clinical studies, there is no review studies regarding its effect on spinal fusion and no review studies focusing on the platelet count and the concentration of the growth factor in the PRP. The purpose is to review the literatures about the effect of PRP on spinal fusion according to the animal model studies and clinical studies, focusing on the effect of the platelet count and the concentration of the growth factor in the PRP. A PubMed search was performed for English-language articles. We identified 20 articles regarding the effect of PRP on fusion in animal model studies and clinical studies, of which 16 articles met the study criteria of case-control studies or prospective randomized studies for the spinal fusion. The articles were categorized into small-sized animal model, middle-sized animal model, and clinical studies. Studies have shown both beneficial and inhibitory effects. The conclusion that PRP has the stimulating effect on spinal fusion was not reached. However, PRP might promote the human spinal fusion if the platelet count or the concentration of growth factors in the PRP increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Soo Park
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Hallym University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Moon
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Hallym University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Keun Oh
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Hallym University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Yong Yoon
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Hallym University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Guen Chang
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Hallym University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Cardoso ÁL, Lima CADP, Montebello Filho A, Pereira AA. Radiographic analysis of dental implant extensions using bone grafts on dogs. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2018; 20:222-228. [PMID: 29318773 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the wide use of dental implants they can bring inconveniences, as the moment one reaches osseointegration, these can no longer be extended. Therefore, if a problem occurs regarding its positioning, the options open are substitution or burial of the implant. With implant substitution, there exists the risk of local bone loss and/or future loss of the new implant. PURPOSE This study proposes a new device (implant extender) for extending the dental implant. The feasibility of this technique is verified through installing dental implant extensions onto the humerus bone of dogs with autogenous bone grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Implants of 3.3 mm in diameter by 6 mm in length and implant extensions with a 3.3 mm diameter and 2.2 mm length were installed onto humerus of 4 healthy dogs, using an autogenous bone graft in a block made from ilium. The biomechanical percussion tests were performed on the implant extensions and then the implant-extension sets were removed for radiographic analysis. RESULTS In the biomechanical percussion, none of the extensions present clinical mobility. As for the x-rays, these were analyzed by 20 professionals, who concluded that there was a 100% success rate with bone formation around the implants, 74.1% for bone neoformation of the implant extensions, and 80.1% referring to the adaptation of the implant extension. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Bone formation occurred in every installed dental implant. In most cases, there occurred bone neoformation of the extensions and adaptation of the extension/implant set, according to the x-ray analysis performed by the evaluators. An absence of clinical mobility in the extensions was also observed. Although the results were promising, these techniques still need to be researched in humans, as an alternative for reducing elongated prosthetic crowns or poorly installed implants, as well as the modification of the type of implants among other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álida Lúcia Cardoso
- Electrical Engineering Faculty, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Agenor Montebello Filho
- Odontology Faculty of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Alves Pereira
- Electrical Engineering Faculty, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Effects of low-level laser therapy and platelet concentrate on bone repair: Histological, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and radiographic study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:1846-1853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Toker H. The Effects of Allograft Combined with Ozone Therapy on Regeneration of Calvarial Defects in Rats. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.298891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Yin W, Qi X, Zhang Y, Sheng J, Xu Z, Tao S, Xie X, Li X, Zhang C. Advantages of pure platelet-rich plasma compared with leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma in promoting repair of bone defects. J Transl Med 2016; 14:73. [PMID: 26980293 PMCID: PMC4792107 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) may activate the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway to counter the beneficial effect of the growth factors on bone regeneration. However, to date, no relevant studies have substantiated this. Methods L-PRP and pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) were isolated. The in vitro effects of L-PRP and P-PRP on the proliferation, viability and migration of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) and EaHy926, tube formation of EaHy926, and osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs were assessed by cell counting, flow cytometry, scratch assay, tube formation assay, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting and Alizarin red staining, respectively. The in vitro effects of L-PRP and P-PRP on the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxid were assessed by western blotting, RT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Griess reaction, respectively. The in vivo effects of L-PRP or P-PRP preprocessed β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) on the calvarial defects in rats were assessed by histological and immunofluorescence examinations. Results P-PRP, which had similar platelet and growth factors concentrations but significantly lower concentrations of leukocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with L-PRP, promoted the proliferation, viability and migration of HBMSCs and EaHy926, tube formation of EaHy926 and osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs in vitro, compared with L-PRP. The implantation of P-PRP preprocessed β-TCP also yielded better histological results than the implantation of L-PRP preprocessed β-TCP in vivo. Moreover, L-PRP treatment resulted in the activation of the NF-κB pathway in HBMSCs and EaHy926 in vitro while the postoperative delivery of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an inhibitor of NF-κB activation, enhanced the histological results of the implantation of L-PRP preprocessed β-TCP in vivo. Conclusions Leukocytes in L-PRP may activate the NF-κB pathway via the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines to induce the inferior effects on bone regeneration of L-PRP compared with P-PRP. Hence, P-PRP may be more suitable for bone regeneration compared with L-PRP, and the combined use of P-PRP and β-TCP represents a safe, simple, and effective alternative option for autogenous bone graft in the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuelei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiagen Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengliang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicong Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuetao Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Mussano F, Genova T, Munaron L, Petrillo S, Erovigni F, Carossa S. Cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor profile of platelet-rich plasma. Platelets 2016; 27:467-71. [PMID: 26950533 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2016.1143922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
During wound healing, biologically active molecules are released from platelets. The rationale of using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) relies on the concentration of bioactive molecules and subsequent delivery to healing sites. These bioactive molecules have been seldom simultaneously quantified within the same PRP preparation. In the present study, the flexible Bio-Plex system was employed to assess the concentration of a large range of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in 16 healthy volunteers so as to determine whether significant baseline differences may be found. Besides IL-1b, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-1a, RANTES, bFGF, PDGF, and VEGF that were already quantified elsewhere, the authors reported also on the presence of IL-2, IL-5, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-15 G-CSF, GM-CSF, Eotaxin, CXCL10 chemokine (IP-10), and MIP 1b. Among the most interesting results, it is convenient to mention the high concentrations of the HIV-suppressive and inflammatory cytokine RANTES and a statistically significant difference between males and females in the content of PDGF-BB. These data are consistent with previous reports pointing out that gender, diet, and test system affect the results of platelet function in healthy subjects, but seem contradictory when compared to other quantification assays in serum and plasma. The inconsistencies affecting the experimental results found in literature, along with the variability found in the content of bioactive molecules, urge further research, hopefully in form of randomized controlled clinical trials, in order to find definitive evidence of the efficacy of PRP treatment in various pathologic and regenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mussano
- a CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - T Genova
- a CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences , University of Turin , Turin , Italy.,b Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - L Munaron
- b Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology , University of Turin , Turin , Italy.,c Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - S Petrillo
- d Molecular Biotechnology Center , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - F Erovigni
- a CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - S Carossa
- a CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
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A preliminary evaluation of lyophilized gelatin sponges, enhanced with platelet-rich plasma, hydroxyapatite and chitin whiskers for bone regeneration. Cells 2013; 2:244-65. [PMID: 24709699 PMCID: PMC3972677 DOI: 10.3390/cells2020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to perform a number of preliminary in vitro evaluations on an array of modified gelatin gel sponge scaffolds for use in a bone graft application. The gelatin gels were modified through the addition of a number of components which each possess unique properties conducive to the creation and regeneration of bone: a preparation rich in growth factors (PRGF, a bioactive, lyophilized form of platelet-rich plasma), hydroxyapatite, and chitin whiskers. Platelet-rich plasma therapy is an emerging practice that has proven effective in a number of clinical applications, including enhancing bone repair through improved deposition of new bony matrix and angiogenesis. As such, the inclusion of PRGF in our gelatin scaffolds was intended to significantly enhance scaffold bioactivity, while the addition of hydroxyapatite and chitin whiskers were anticipated to increase scaffold strength. Additionally, the gelatin sponges, which readily dissolve in aqueous solutions, were subjected to 1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) cross-linking, either during or post-gelation, to control their rate of degradation. Scaffolds were evaluated in vitro with respect to compressive strength, mass loss/degradation, protein release, and cellular interaction, with results demonstrating the potential of the gelatin gel sponge scaffold for use in the regeneration of bone.
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