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Al-Wahaibi LH, Mohammed AF, Abdelrahman MH, Trembleau L, Youssif BGM. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Indole-2-carboxamides as Potential Multi-Target Antiproliferative Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1039. [PMID: 37513950 PMCID: PMC10385579 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A small set of indole-based derivatives, IV and Va-I, was designed and synthesized. Compounds Va-i demonstrated promising antiproliferative activity, with GI50 values ranging from 26 nM to 86 nM compared to erlotinib's 33 nM. The most potent antiproliferative derivatives-Va, Ve, Vf, Vg, and Vh-were tested for EGFR inhibitory activity. Compound Va demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity against EGFR with an IC50 value of 71 ± 06 nM, which is higher than the reference erlotinib (IC50 = 80 ± 05 nM). Compounds Va, Ve, Vf, Vg, and Vh were further tested for BRAFV600E inhibitory activity. The tested compounds inhibited BRAFV600E with IC50 values ranging from 77 nM to 107 nM compared to erlotinib's IC50 value of 60 nM. The inhibitory activity of compounds Va, Ve, Vf, Vg, and Vh against VEGFR-2 was also determined. Finally, in silico docking experiments attempted to investigate the binding mode of compounds within the active sites of EGFR, BRAFV600E, and VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya H Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anber F Mohammed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H Abdelrahman
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71234, Egypt
| | - Laurent Trembleau
- School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Yin H, Wang Z, Wang X, Lv X, Fan X, Yan M, Jia Y, Jiang L, Cao J, Liu Y. Inhibition of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzyme by Dabrafenib: Implications for drug-drug interactions. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5205. [PMID: 34192355 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dabrafenib is a novel small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) which is used to treat metastatic melanoma. The aim of this research was to survey the effects of dabrafenib on human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and to evaluate the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The formation rates for 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) glucuronide and trifluoperazine-glucuronide in 12 recombinant human UGT isoforms with or without dabrafenib were measured and HPLC was used to investigate the inhibitory effects of dabrafenib on UGTs. Inhibition kinetic studies were also conducted. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation approaches were further used to predict the risk of DDI potentials of dabrafenib via inhibition of UGTs. Our data indicated that dabrafenib had a broad inhibitory effect on 4-MU glucuronidation by inhibiting the activities of UGTs, especially on UGT1A1, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, and UGT1A9, and dabrafenib could increase the area under the curve of co-administered drugs. Dabrafenib is a strong inhibitor of several UGTs and the co-administration of dabrafenib with drugs primarily metabolized by UGT1A1, 1A7, 1A8 or 1A9 may induce potential DDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xin Lv
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Mingrui Yan
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
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Design and synthesis of 4-anilinoquinazolines as Raf kinase inhibitors. Part 1. Selective B-Raf/B-Raf V600E and potent EGFR/VEGFR2 inhibitory 4-(3-hydroxyanilino)-6-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinazolines. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104715. [PMID: 33647741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the design and synthesis of 4-(3-hydroxyanilino)-6-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)quinazolines of scaffold 9 as selective B-Raf/B-RafV600E and potent EGFR/VEGFR2 kinase inhibitors. Total 14 compounds of scaffold 9 having different side chains at the triazolyl group with/without fluoro substituents at the anilino group were synthesized and investigated. Among them, 9m with a 2-carbamoylethyl side chain and C-4'/C-6' difluoro substituents was the most potent, which selectively inhibited B-Raf (IC50: 57 nM) and B-RafV600E (IC50: 51 nM) over C-Raf (IC50: 1.0 μM). Compound 9m also actively inhibited EGFR (IC50: 73 nM) and VEGFR2 (IC50: 7.0 nM) but not EGFRT790M and PDGFR-β (IC50: >10 μM). Despite having good potency for B-Raf and B-RafV600E in the enzymatic assays, 9m was less active to inhibit melanoma A375 cells which proliferate due to constitutively activated B-Raf600E. The inferior activity of 9m for A375 was similar to that of sorafenib (6), suggesting that 9m might bind to the inactive conformations of B-Raf and B-RafV600E. Docking simulations could thus be performed to reveal the binding poses of 9m in B-Raf, B-RafV600E, and VEGFR2 kinases.
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Chen P, Chen F, Zhou B. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in patients with malignant melanoma: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5391-5403. [PMID: 29180872 PMCID: PMC5692200 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s147438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent clinical studies have shown that initial therapy with combined BRAF and mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibition is more effective in metastatic melanoma than single-agent BRAF inhibitors. However, the response rates with single-agent BRAF are low. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the efficacy and adverse events risk between mono-therapy and combination therapy. Materials and methods Searches were made in PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases and conference abstracts published by the American Society of Clinical Oncology from 2000 to 2017. Outcomes included overall response, progression-free survival, and overall survival, as well as the incidence rate of adverse events. Results Eight trials comprising 2,664 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Patients with combined therapies showed superior results compared to those with BRAF inhibitors alone for the following: overall response rate (combined relative risk [RR] =1.34, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.24–1.45, P<0.00001), progression-free survival (combined hazards ratio [HR] =0.58, 95% CI: 0.52–0.64, P<0.00001), and overall survival rate (combined HR =0.70, 95% CI: 0.62–0.80, P<0.00001). Patients with combination therapies had higher incidence of adverse events including pyrexia (combined RR =2.00, 95% CI: 1.40–2.84), nausea (combined RR =1.41, 95% CI: 1.03–1.94), diarrhea (combined RR =1.50, 95% CI: 1.08–2.06), and vomiting (combined RR =1.87, 95% CI: 01.52–2.31) compared to those with BRAF inhibitors alone. Conclusion These data suggested that the combined BRAF and MEK inhibition was associated with a significant improvement in overall response, progression-free survival, and overall survival, but increased the incidence of adverse events among the patients with BRAF V600-mutated metastatic melanoma. Further large-scale, high-quality, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials are needed to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Fuchao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Escobar SG, Chin MH, Sandberg ML, Xu H. Isolation and Characterization of a Distinct Subpopulation from the WM115 Cell Line That Resembles In Vitro Properties of Melanoma Cancer Stem Cells. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 22:484-493. [PMID: 28346106 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217691222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite key advances in cancer therapies, malignant tumors, such as melanoma, continue to be one of the leading causes of mortality. Recent debate on whether cancer can originate from a tumor-initiating subpopulation has permeated oncology and stem cell research. It has been well established that primary and immortalized tumor cells consist of heterogeneous cell populations. The profound effect of tumor heterogeneity on tumor growth and drug resistance remains elusive, but it is highly likely that subpopulations of cancer cells have different capabilities of self-renewal and drug resistance. Discrepancies between excellent in vitro potency and efficacy and poor patient response have been observed on multiple cancer therapeutics. Although this observation can be attributed to many factors, a better understanding of the contribution from subpopulations within a cancer will help bridge the gap between in vitro assay results and patient prognosis. To comprehend this impact, it is critical to isolate and characterize cancer subpopulations that possess higher growth and drug resistance properties so that novel therapeutics can be developed to eventually eradicate all cancer cells. In this article, we describe a method to enrich a subpopulation, CB4, from the melanoma cell line WM115. CB4 exhibited higher anchorage-independent growth, higher survival under serum starvation condition, and lower drug sensitivity to commonly used melanoma treatment compared with WM115. Details of functional properties and gene expression of CB4 compared with WM115 are reported. Our study demonstrates that it is feasible to isolate and enrich a subpopulation that exhibits higher growth capacity and treatment resistance from an immortalized tumor cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark H Chin
- 1 Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Han Xu
- 1 Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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The Role of Regional Therapies for in-Transit Melanoma in the Era of Improved Systemic Options. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1154-77. [PMID: 26140669 PMCID: PMC4586763 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma has been increasing at a rapid rate, with 4%–11% of all melanoma recurrences presenting as in-transit disease. Treatments for in-transit melanoma of the extremity are varied and include surgical excision, lesional injection, regional techniques and systemic therapies. Excision to clear margins is preferred; however, in cases of widespread disease, this may not be practical. Historically, intralesional therapies were generally not curative and were often used for palliation or as adjuncts to other therapies, but recent advances in oncolytic viruses may change this paradigm. Radiation as a regional therapy can be quite locally toxic and is typically relegated to disease control and symptom relief in patients with limited treatment options. Regional therapies such as isolated limb perfusion and isolated limb infusion are older therapies, but offer the ability to treat bulky disease for curative intent with a high response rate. These techniques have their associated toxicities and can be technically challenging. Historically, systemic therapy with chemotherapies and biochemotherapies were relatively ineffective and highly toxic. With the advent of novel immunotherapeutic and targeted small molecule agents for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, the armamentarium against in-transit disease has expanded. Given the multitude of options, many different combinations and sequences of therapies can be offered to patients with in-transit extremity melanoma in the contemporary era. Reported response and survival rates of the varied treatments may offer valuable information regarding treatment decisions for patients with in-transit melanoma and provide rationale for these decisions.
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Yu LJ, Wall BA, Chen S. The current management of brain metastasis in melanoma: a focus on riluzole. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:779-92. [PMID: 26092602 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1055321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a common endpoint in human malignant melanoma, and the prognosis for patients remains poor despite advancements in therapy. Current treatment for melanoma metastatic to the brain is grouped into those providing symptomatic relief such as corticosteroids and antiepileptic agents, to those that are disease modifying. Related to the latter group, recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant glutamate signaling plays a role in the transformation and maintenance of various cancer types, including melanoma. Glutamate secretion from these and surrounding cells have been found to stimulate regulatory pathways that control tumor growth, proliferation and survival in vitro and in vivo. The antiglutamatergic actions of an inhibitor of glutamate release, riluzole, have been detected by its ability to clear glutamate from the synapse, and it has been shown to inhibit glutamate release rather than directly inhibiting glutamate receptors. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the ability of riluzole to act as a radiosensitizing agent in melanoma. The effect of riluzole on downstream glutamatergic signaling has pointed to cross talk between the metabotropic G-protein-coupled glutamate receptors implicated in a subset of human melanomas with other signaling pathways, including apoptotic, angiogenic, ROS and cell invasion mechanisms, thus establishing its potential to be further explored in combination therapy regimens for both primary human melanoma and melanoma metastatic to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumeng J Yu
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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