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Kang B, Mottamal M, Zhong Q, Bratton M, Zhang C, Guo S, Hossain A, Ma P, Zhang Q, Wang G, Payton-Stewart F. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Niclosamide Analogs as Therapeutic Agents for Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:735. [PMID: 37242518 PMCID: PMC10222209 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Niclosamide effectively downregulates androgen receptor variants (AR-Vs) for treating enzalutamide and abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer. However, the poor pharmaceutical properties of niclosamide due to its solubility and metabolic instability have limited its clinical utility as a systemic treatment for cancer. A novel series of niclosamide analogs was prepared to systematically explore the structure-activity relationship and identify active AR-Vs inhibitors with improved pharmaceutical properties based on the backbone chemical structure of niclosamide. Compounds were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity and downregulation of AR and AR-V7 in two enzalutamide-resistant cell lines, LNCaP95 and 22RV1. Several of the niclosamide analogs exhibited equivalent or improved anti-proliferation effects in LNCaP95 and 22RV1 cell lines (B9, IC50 LNCaP95 and 22RV1 = 0.130 and 0.0997 μM, respectively), potent AR-V7 down-regulating activity, and improved metabolic stability. In addition, both a traditional structure-activity relationship (SAR) and 3D-QSAR analysis were performed to guide further structural optimization. The presence of two -CF3 groups of the most active B9 in the sterically favorable field and the presence of the -CN group of the least active B7 in the sterically unfavorable field seem to make B9 more potent than B7 in the antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borui Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (B.K.); (M.M.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.G.); (Q.Z.)
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (M.B.); (A.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Madhusoodanan Mottamal
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (B.K.); (M.M.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.G.); (Q.Z.)
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (M.B.); (A.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Qiu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (B.K.); (M.M.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.G.); (Q.Z.)
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (M.B.); (A.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Melyssa Bratton
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (M.B.); (A.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Changde Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (B.K.); (M.M.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.G.); (Q.Z.)
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (M.B.); (A.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Shanchun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (B.K.); (M.M.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.G.); (Q.Z.)
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (M.B.); (A.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Ahamed Hossain
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (M.B.); (A.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Peng Ma
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (M.B.); (A.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (B.K.); (M.M.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.G.); (Q.Z.)
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (M.B.); (A.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (B.K.); (M.M.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.G.); (Q.Z.)
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (M.B.); (A.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Florastina Payton-Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (B.K.); (M.M.); (Q.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.G.); (Q.Z.)
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (M.B.); (A.H.); (P.M.)
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A phase 1 study to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and anti-tumor activity of the androgen receptor n-terminal domain inhibitor epi-506 in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:322-329. [PMID: 34843005 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EPI-506 is the first of a new class of drugs targeting the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the androgen receptor (AR), potentially overcoming known resistance mechanisms to androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) among men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). METHODS Patients with mCRPC who had progressed on prior ARPI were enrolled in this phase 1 open-label, adaptive 3 + 3 dose escalation study. The primary outcome was safety and tolerability of oral EPI-506. Secondary objectives included determination of the maximal tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetic profile, and antitumor efficacy. RESULTS 28 mCRPC patients were enrolled into 7 dose cohorts of EPI-506 ranging from 80-3600 mg given once daily and 1800 mg given twice daily. Six DLTs occurred in 4 patients; Grade 4 elevated amylase; Grade 3 abdominal pain; Grade 3 elevated ALT and Grade 3 elevated AST; Grade 2 nausea and Grade 1 vomiting which resulted in study drug intake of < 75% of the expected dose during the DLT assessment period. The most common drug-related adverse events included diarrhea, nausea and fatigue. Six patients had a PSA decline not meeting PSA response criteria. The study was terminated prior to reaching the MTD due to poor oral bioavailability. CONCLUSIONS This phase 1 trial established the safety of EPI-506 and provides proof of concept for targeting the AR NTD. Next generation compounds with improved bioavailability and potency are in clinical development.
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Martin GA, Chen AH, Parikh K. A Novel Use of Olaparib for the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Pharmacotherapy 2018; 37:1406-1414. [PMID: 28895177 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although mortality from prostate cancer has declined over the past 20 years as a result of early detection and treatment, the 5-year survival rate for men with prostate cancer who develop metastatic disease is only 29%. Current treatment options for metastatic castration-recurrent prostate cancer (mCRPC) are associated with toxicity and a limited durable response; therefore, additional lines of efficacious and minimally toxic therapy are needed. Olaparib, a poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate) ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, received a U.S. Food and Drug Administration breakthrough therapy designation in January 2016 for the treatment of patients with BRCA1/2 or ATM gene-mutated mCRPC based on results of a compelling phase II trial of olaparib in patients with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (TOPARP-A). This study found that men with mCRPC and genetic mutations in DNA damage repair genes had an overall response rate of nearly 90% with olaparib treatment. In this review, we describe current therapies for mCRPC, the rationale for anti-PARP therapies, the pharmacology of olaparib for prostate cancer, clinical trials of olaparib for mCRPC, our clinical experience with olaparib for prostate cancer at a comprehensive cancer center, and future directions of olaparib for the treatment of mCRPC. Olaparib may constitute a promising treatment to prolong survival in patients with mCRPC, with an acceptable adverse effect profile. As the role of PARP inhibition in prostate cancer and other malignancies becomes further elucidated, olaparib may be shown to be beneficial for other patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Martin
- Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adrienne H Chen
- Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kinjal Parikh
- Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Ciccarese C, Nobili E, Grilli D, Casolari L, Rihawi K, Gelsomino F, Tortora G, Massari F. The safety and efficacy of enzalutamide in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 16:681-96. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2016.1192468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ciccarese
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Grilli
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Casolari
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Karim Rihawi
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Wang T, Song W, Chen Y, Chen R, Liu Z, Wu L, Li M, Yang J, Wang L, Liu J, Ye Z, Wang C, Chen K. Flightless I Homolog Represses Prostate Cancer Progression through Targeting Androgen Receptor Signaling. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1531-44. [PMID: 26527749 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Flightless I (FLII), member of the gelsolin superfamily of actin-remodeling proteins, functions as a transcriptional coregulator. We aim to evaluate a tumor-suppressive function of FLII in regulating androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined FLII protein and mRNA expression in clinical prostate cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to evaluate the difference in disease-overall survival associated with the expression levels of FLII and AR. Prostate cancer cells stably expressing FLII or shRNA knockdown were used for functional analyses. Immunoprecipitation, Luciferase reporter, and immunofluorescence staining assays were performed to examine the functional interaction between FLII and AR. RESULTS Our analysis of the expression levels of FLII in a clinical gene expression array dataset showed that the expression of FLII was positively correlated with the overall survival of prostate cancer patients exhibiting high levels of AR expression. Examination of protein and mRNA levels of FLII showed a significant decrease of FLII expression in human prostate cancers. AR and FLII formed a complex in a ligand-dependent manner through the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of AR. Subsequently, we observed a competitive binding to AR between FLII and the ligand. FLII inhibited AR transactivation and decreased AR nuclear localization. Furthermore, FLII contributed to castration-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cell growth through AR-dependent signaling, and reintroduction of FLII in prostate cancer cells sensitized the cells to bicalutamide and enzalutamide treatment. CONCLUSIONS FLII plays a tumor-suppressive role and serves as a crucial determinant of resistance of prostate cancer to endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Song
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruibao Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Licheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingchao Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tianjin Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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