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Cui H, Wang N, Li H, Bian Y, Wen W, Kong X, Wang F. The dynamic shifts of IL-10-producing Th17 and IL-17-producing Treg in health and disease: a crosstalk between ancient "Yin-Yang" theory and modern immunology. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:99. [PMID: 38317142 PMCID: PMC10845554 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The changes in T regulatory cell (Treg) and T helper cell (Th) 17 ratios holds paramount importance in ensuring internal homeostasis and disease progression. Recently, novel subsets of Treg and Th17, namely IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 have been identified. IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 are widely considered as the intermediates during Treg/Th17 transformation. These "bi-functional" cells exhibit plasticity and have been demonstrated with important roles in multiple physiological functions and disease processes. Yin and Yang represent opposing aspects of phenomena according to the ancient Chinese philosophy "Yin-Yang" theory. Furthermore, Yin can transform into Yang, and vice versa, under specific conditions. This theory has been widely used to describe the contrasting functions of immune cells and molecules. Therefore, immune-activating populations (Th17, M1 macrophage, etc.) and immune overreaction (inflammation, autoimmunity) can be considered Yang, while immunosuppressive populations (Treg, M2 macrophage, etc.) and immunosuppression (tumor, immunodeficiency) can be considered Yin. However, another important connotation of "Yin-Yang" theory, the conversion between Yin and Yang, has been rarely documented in immune studies. The discovery of IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 enriches the meaning of "Yin-Yang" theory and further promotes the relationship between ancient "Yin-Yang" theory and modern immunology. Besides, illustrating the functions of IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 and mechanisms governing their differentiation provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the dynamically changing statement of immune statement in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huantian Cui
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ning Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hanzhou Li
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuhong Bian
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Weibo Wen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Lee Y, Jeong M, Park J, Jung H, Lee H. Immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles and its impact on the efficacy of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2085-2096. [PMID: 37779140 PMCID: PMC10618257 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have utilized a lipid nanoparticle delivery system to enhance the effectiveness of mRNA therapeutics and vaccines. However, these nanoparticles are recognized as foreign materials by the body and stimulate innate immunity, which in turn impacts adaptive immunity. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the specific type of innate immune response triggered by lipid nanoparticles. This article provides an overview of the immunological response in the body, explores how lipid nanoparticles activate the innate immune system, and examines the adverse effects and immunogenicity-related development pathways associated with these nanoparticles. Finally, we highlight and explore strategies for regulating the immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Michaela Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Jeongeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hyein Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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Terentes-Printzios D, Gardikioti V, Solomou E, Emmanouil E, Gourgouli I, Xydis P, Christopoulou G, Georgakopoulos C, Dima I, Miliou A, Lazaros G, Pirounaki M, Tsioufis K, Vlachopoulos C. The effect of an mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 on endothelial function and arterial stiffness. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:846-855. [PMID: 35273351 PMCID: PMC8907903 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-00876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To fight the COVID-19 pandemic, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were the first to be adopted by vaccination programs worldwide. We sought to investigate the short-term effect of mRNA vaccine administration on endothelial function and arterial stiffness. Thirty-two participants (mean age 37 ± 8 years, 20 men) who received the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine were studied in three sessions in a sequence-randomized, sham-controlled, assessor-blinded, crossover design. The primary outcome was endothelial function (assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD)), and the secondary outcomes were aortic stiffness (evaluated with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV)) and inflammation (measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in blood samples). The outcomes were assessed prior to and at 8 h and 24 h after the 1st dose of vaccine and at 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h after the 2nd dose. There was an increase in hsCRP that was apparent at 24 h after both the 1st dose (-0.60 [95% confidence intervals [CI]: -1.60 to -0.20], p = 0.013) and the 2nd dose (maximum median difference at 48 h -6.60 [95% CI: -9.80 to -3.40], p < 0.001) compared to placebo. The vaccine did not change PWV. FMD remained unchanged during the 1st dose but decreased significantly by 1.5% (95% CI: 0.1% to 2.9%, p = 0.037) at 24 h after the 2nd dose. FMD values returned to baseline at 48 h. Our study shows that the mRNA vaccine causes a prominent increase in inflammatory markers, especially after the 2nd dose, and a transient deterioration of endothelial function at 24 h that returns to baseline at 48 h. These results confirm the short-term cardiovascular safety of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Gardikioti
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Solomou
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Emmanouil
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Gourgouli
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Xydis
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Christopoulou
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Georgakopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dima
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Antigoni Miliou
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Lazaros
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Pirounaki
- Second Department of Medicine, University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Vlachopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Cauchi S, Locht C. Non-specific Effects of Live Attenuated Pertussis Vaccine Against Heterologous Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2872. [PMID: 30581436 PMCID: PMC6292865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is the agent of pertussis, also referred to as whooping cough, a disease that remains an important public health issue. Vaccine-induced immunity to pertussis wanes over time. In industrialized countries, high vaccine coverage has not prevented infection and transmission of B. pertussis, leading to periodic outbreaks in people of all ages. The consequence is the formation of a large source for transmission to children, who show the highest susceptibility of developing severe whooping cough and mortality. With the aim of providing protection against both disease and infection, a live attenuated pertussis vaccine, in which three toxins have been genetically inactivated or removed, is now in clinical development. This vaccine, named BPZE1, offers strong protection in mice and non-human primates. It has completed a phase I clinical trial in which safety, transient colonization of the human airway and immunogenicity could be demonstrated. In mice, BPZE1 was also found to protect against inflammation resulting from heterologous airway infections, including those caused by other Bordetella species, influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus. Furthermore, the heterologous protection conferred by BPZE1 was also observed for non-infectious inflammatory diseases, such as allergic asthma, as well as for inflammatory disorders outside of the respiratory tract, such as contact dermatitis. Current studies focus on the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects associated with nasal BPZE1 administration. Given the increasing importance of inflammatory disorders, novel preventive and therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Therefore, live vaccines, such as BPZE1, may offer attractive solutions. It is now essential to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action before translating these biological findings into new healthcare solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Cauchi
- Univ. Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, CIIL-Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,CNRS UMR8204, Lille, France.,Inserm U1019, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, CIIL-Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.,CNRS UMR8204, Lille, France.,Inserm U1019, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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Tang DCC. Noninvasive vaccination as a casus belli to redeem vaccine value in the face of anti-vaccine movements. INTEGRATIVE MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2017; 4. [PMID: 29104760 DOI: 10.15761/imm.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Formidable anti-vaccine movements have been growing as a menace to disrupt beneficial vaccine programs. Although the vaccination-associated adverse effects commonly perceived by vaccine resisters usually represent over-reactions to rare manifestations, converging evidence shows that vaccination-associated health threats could be pervasive when systemic inflammation is considered as a side effect that oozes over time. An anti-vaccine movement thus may not be so unfounded even though the myriad cascades triggered by systemic inflammation have not been brought to a clear focus during any anti-vaccine campaign. Since both pro- and anti-vaccine groups are acting on the same primal impulse - "keep people healthy," reconciliation between the two warring factions should be achievable on a palatable trend that fosters the development of noninvasive vaccines which tend to induce local and transient inflammation along the interface with diminished potential to percolate through internal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chu C Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Zhang L, Wang W, Wang S. Effect of vaccine administration modality on immunogenicity and efficacy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:1509-23. [PMID: 26313239 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1081067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The many factors impacting the efficacy of a vaccine can be broadly divided into three categories: features of the vaccine itself, including immunogen design, vaccine type, formulation, adjuvant and dosing; individual variations among vaccine recipients and vaccine administration-related parameters. While much literature exists related to vaccines, and recently systems biology has started to dissect the impact of individual subject variation on vaccine efficacy, few studies have focused on the role of vaccine administration-related parameters on vaccine efficacy. Parenteral and mucosal vaccinations are traditional approaches for licensed vaccines; novel vaccine delivery approaches, including needless injection and adjuvant formulations, are being developed to further improve vaccine safety and efficacy. This review provides a brief summary of vaccine administration-related factors, including vaccination approach, delivery route and method of administration, to gain a better understanding of their potential impact on the safety and immunogenicity of candidate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- a 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,b 2 China-US Vaccine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- c 3 Wang Biologics, LLC, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA ; Current affiliation: Bayer HealthCare, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Shixia Wang
- d 4 Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Tang DCC. A trail blazed through DNA vaccine, noninvasive vaccine, and innate-adaptive immunity duo. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:2143-6. [PMID: 25424917 PMCID: PMC4896786 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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