1
|
Xekouki K, Lagopati N, Demetzos C, Gazouli M, Pippa N. A mini review for lipid-based nanovaccines: from their design to their applications. J Liposome Res 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36856671 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2170408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanovaccines have shown to be effective, and this is the reason they are preferred than conventional vaccines. The scope of this review is to describe the role, mechanisms, and advantages of nano vaccines based on lipids, and present the most important types, their physicochemical characteristics, as well as their challenges. The most important categories of lipid nano-vaccines are liposomal nano vaccines and (virus-lipid nanoparticles (NPs)/virosomes. Examples of vaccine formulations from each category are presented and analyzed below, focusing on their structure and physicochemical characteristics. In all cases, a nanoscale platform is used, enriched with adjuvants, antigens, and other helping agents to trigger immune response process and achieve cell targeting, and eventually immunity against the desired disease. The exact mechanism of action of each vaccine is not always completely known or understood. Physicochemical characteristics, such as particle size, morphology/shape, and zeta potential are also mentioned as they seem to affect the properties and mechanism of action of the vaccine formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Xekouki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Castillo F, Corbi-Verge C, Murciano-Calles J, Candel AM, Han Z, Iglesias-Bexiga M, Ruiz-Sanz J, Kim PM, Harty RN, Martinez JC, Luque I. Phage display identification of nanomolar ligands for human NEDD4-WW3: Energetic and dynamic implications for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:308-323. [PMID: 35257734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of PPxY viral Late domains by the third WW domain of the human HECT-E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 (NEDD4-WW3) is essential for the budding of many viruses. Blocking these interactions is a promising strategy to develop broad-spectrum antivirals. As all WW domains, NEDD4-WW3 is a challenging therapeutic target due to the low binding affinity of its natural interactions, its high conformational plasticity, and its complex thermodynamic behavior. In this work, we set out to investigate whether high affinity can be achieved for monovalent ligands binding to the isolated NEDD4-WW3 domain. We show that a competitive phage-display set-up allows for the identification of high-affinity peptides showing inhibitory activity of viral budding. A detailed biophysical study combining calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and molecular dynamic simulations reveals that the improvement in binding affinity does not arise from the establishment of new interactions with the domain, but is associated to conformational restrictions imposed by a novel C-terminal -LFP motif in the ligand, unprecedented in the PPxY interactome. These results, which highlight the complexity of WW domain interactions, provide valuable insight into the key elements for high binding affinity, of interest to guide virtual screening campaigns for the identification of novel therapeutics targeting NEDD4-WW3 interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Castillo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Excelence Unit in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and Environment, School of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Carles Corbi-Verge
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Excelence Unit in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and Environment, School of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n 18071, Granada, Spain; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Genetics & Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Javier Murciano-Calles
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Excelence Unit in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and Environment, School of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Adela M Candel
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Excelence Unit in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and Environment, School of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ziying Han
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manuel Iglesias-Bexiga
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Excelence Unit in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and Environment, School of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Sanz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Excelence Unit in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and Environment, School of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Philip M Kim
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Genetics & Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ronald N Harty
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jose C Martinez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Excelence Unit in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and Environment, School of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Luque
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology and Excelence Unit in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and Environment, School of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n 18071, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant enhances immune response to Ebola virus-like particle vaccine in mice. Vaccine 2019; 37:3902-3910. [PMID: 31174937 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The identification of adjuvants that promote lasting antigen-specific immunity and augment vaccine efficacy are integral to the development of new protein-based vaccines. The Ebola virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) and matrix protein (VP40) was used in this study to evaluate the ability of TLR4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA) formulated in a stable emulsion (SE) to enhance immunogenicity and promote durable protection against mouse-adapted Ebola virus (ma-EBOV). Antibody responses and Ebola-specific T cell responses were evaluated post vaccination. Survival analysis after lethal ma-EBOV challenge was performed 4 weeks and 22 weeks following final vaccination. GLA-SE enhanced EBOV-specific immunity and resulted in long-term protection against challenge with ma-EBOV infection in a mouse model. Specifically, GLA-SE elicited Th1-skewed antibodies and promoted the generation of EBOV GP-specific polyfunctional T cells. These results provide further support for the utility of TLR4 activating GLA-SE-adjuvanted vaccines.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
This chapter reviews our current knowledge about the spatiotemporal assembly of filoviral particles. We will follow particles from nucleocapsid entry into the cytoplasm until the nucleocapsids are enveloped at the plasma membrane. We will also highlight the currently open scientific questions surrounding filovirus assembly.
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Y, Ye L, Lin F, Gomaa Y, Flyer D, Carrion R, Patterson JL, Prausnitz MR, Smith G, Glenn G, Wu H, Compans RW, Yang C. Intradermal immunization by Ebola virus GP subunit vaccines using microneedle patches protects mice against lethal EBOV challenge. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11193. [PMID: 30046140 PMCID: PMC6060117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a safe and efficacious filovirus vaccine is of high importance to public health. In this study, we compared immune responses induced by Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) subunit vaccines via intradermal immunization with microneedle (MN) patches and the conventional intramuscular (IM) injection in mice, which showed that MN delivery of GP induced higher levels and longer lasting antibody responses against GP than IM injection. Further, we found that EBOV GP in formulation with a saponin-based adjuvant, Matrix-M, can be efficiently loaded onto MN patches. Co-delivery of Matrix-M with GP significantly enhanced induction of antibody responses by MN delivery, as also observed for IM injection. Results from challenge studies showed that all mice that received the GP/adjuvant formulation by MN or IM immunizations were protected from lethal EBOV challenge. Further, 4 out of 5 mice vaccinated by MN delivery of unadjuvanted GP also survived the challenge, whereas only 1 out of 5 mice vaccinated by IM injection of unadjuvanted GP survived the challenge. These results demonstrate that MN patch delivery of EBOV GP subunit vaccines, which is expected to enable improved safety and thermal stability, can confer effective protection against EBOV infection that is superior to IM vaccination.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Ebola Vaccines/immunology
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Ebolavirus/pathogenicity
- Glycoproteins/administration & dosage
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/genetics
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Humans
- Immunization
- Injections, Intradermal
- Mice
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CAAS, Changchun, Jilin 130112, P. R. China
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ling Ye
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Fang Lin
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Central Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital at the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, 710038, China
| | - Yasmine Gomaa
- Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - David Flyer
- Novavax Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Jean L Patterson
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Gale Smith
- Novavax Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Gregory Glenn
- Novavax Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Hua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CAAS, Changchun, Jilin 130112, P. R. China
| | - Richard W Compans
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chinglai Yang
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Plaut RD, Staab AB, Munson MA, Gebhardt JS, Klimko CP, Quirk AV, Cote CK, Buhr TL, Rossmaier RD, Bernhards RC, Love CE, Berk KL, Abshire TG, Rozak DA, Beck LC, Stibitz S, Goodwin BG, Smith MA, Sozhamannan S. Avirulent Bacillus anthracis Strain with Molecular Assay Targets as Surrogate for Irradiation-Inactivated Virulent Spores. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24. [PMID: 29553922 PMCID: PMC5875273 DOI: 10.3201/eid2404.171646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The revelation in May 2015 of the shipment of γ irradiation–inactivated wild-type Bacillus anthracis spore preparations containing a small number of live spores raised concern about the safety and security of these materials. The finding also raised doubts about the validity of the protocols and procedures used to prepare them. Such inactivated reference materials were used as positive controls in assays to detect suspected B. anthracis in samples because live agent cannot be shipped for use in field settings, in improvement of currently deployed detection methods or development of new methods, or for quality assurance and training activities. Hence, risk-mitigated B. anthracis strains are needed to fulfill these requirements. We constructed a genetically inactivated or attenuated strain containing relevant molecular assay targets and tested to compare assay performance using this strain to the historical data obtained using irradiation-inactivated virulent spores.
Collapse
|
7
|
[Overview of the Ebola vaccines in pre-clinical and clinical development]. BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE DE PATHOLOGIE EXOTIQUE (1990) 2016; 109:256-261. [PMID: 27646961 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-016-0521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Ebola epidemic that occurred in West Africa between 2013-2016 significantly accelerated the research and development of Ebola vaccines. Few dozens of clinical trials have been recently conducted leading to opportunities to test several new vaccine candidates. Other vaccines are still in early development phases (table 1). This paper provides an overview of the new developments in that area.
Collapse
|
8
|
Martins KA, Jahrling PB, Bavari S, Kuhn JH. Ebola virus disease candidate vaccines under evaluation in clinical trials. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1101-12. [PMID: 27160784 PMCID: PMC5026048 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1187566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Filoviruses are the etiological agents of two human illnesses: Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus disease. Until 2013, medical countermeasure development against these afflictions was limited to only a few research institutes worldwide as both infections were considered exotic due to very low case numbers. Together with the high case-fatality rate of both diseases, evaluation of any candidate countermeasure in properly controlled clinical trials seemed impossible. However, in 2013, Ebola virus was identified as the etiological agent of a large disease outbreak in Western Africa including almost 30,000 infections and more than 11,000 deaths, including case exportations to Europe and North America. These large case numbers resulted in medical countermeasure development against Ebola virus disease becoming a global public-health priority. This review summarizes the status quo of candidate vaccines against Ebola virus disease, with a focus on those that are currently under evaluation in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Martins
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter B. Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The application of virus-like particles as vaccines and biological vehicles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10415-32. [PMID: 26454868 PMCID: PMC7080154 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) can be spontaneously self-assembled by viral structural proteins under appropriate conditions in vitro while excluding the genetic material and potential replication probability. In addition, VLPs possess several features including can be rapidly produced in large quantities through existing expression systems, highly resembling native viruses in terms of conformation and appearance, and displaying repeated cluster of epitopes. Their capsids can be modified via genetic insertion or chemical conjugation which facilitating the multivalent display of a homologous or heterogeneous epitope antigen. Therefore, VLPs are considered as a safe and effective candidate of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. VLPs, with a diameter of approximately 20 to 150 nm, also have the characteristics of nanometer materials, such as large surface area, surface-accessible amino acids with reactive moieties (e.g., lysine and glutamic acid residues), inerratic spatial structure, and good biocompatibility. Therefore, assembled VLPs have great potential as a delivery system for specifically carrying a variety of materials. This review summarized recent researches on VLP development as vaccines and biological vehicles, which demonstrated the advantages and potential of VLPs in disease control and prevention and diagnosis. Then, the prospect of VLP biology application in the future is discussed as well.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jain NK, Sahni N, Kumru OS, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Russell Middaugh C. Formulation and stabilization of recombinant protein based virus-like particle vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 93:42-55. [PMID: 25451136 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine formulation development has traditionally focused on improving antigen storage stability and compatibility with conventional adjuvants. More recently, it has also provided an opportunity to modify the interaction and presentation of an antigen/adjuvant to the immune system to better stimulate the desired immune responses for maximal efficacy. In the last decade, there has been a paradigm shift in vaccine antigen and formulation design involving an improved physical understanding of antigens and a better understanding of the immune system. In addition, the discovery of novel adjuvants and delivery systems promises to further improve the design of new, more effective vaccines. Here we describe some of the fundamental aspects of formulation design applicable to virus-like-particle based vaccine antigens (VLPs). Case studies are presented for commercially approved VLP vaccines as well as some investigational VLP vaccine candidates. An emphasis is placed on the biophysical analysis of vaccines to facilitate formulation and stabilization of these particulate antigens.
Collapse
|
11
|
Carra JH, Martins KAO, Schokman RD, Robinson CG, Steffens JT, Bavari S. A thermostable, chromatographically purified Ebola nano-VLP vaccine. J Transl Med 2015; 13:228. [PMID: 26174690 PMCID: PMC4502941 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filovirus virus-like particles (VLP) are strong immunogens with the potential for development into a safe, non-infectious vaccine. However, the large size and filamentous structure of this virus has heretofore made production of such a vaccine difficult. Herein, we present new assays and a purification procedure to yield a better characterized and more stable product. METHODS Sonication of VLP was used to produce smaller "nano-VLP", which were purified by membrane chromatography. The sizes and lengths of VLP particles were analyzed using electron microscopy and an assay based on transient occlusion of a nanopore. Using conformationally-sensitive antibodies, we developed an in vitro assay for measuring GP conformational integrity in the context of VLP, and used it to profile thermal stability. RESULTS We developed a new procedure for rapid isolation of Ebola VLP using membrane chromatography that yields a filterable and immunogenic product. Disruption of VLP filaments by sonication followed by filtration produced smaller particles of more uniform size, having a mean diameter close to 230 nm. These reduced-size VLP retained GP conformation and were protective against mouse-adapted Ebola challenge in mice. The "nano-VLP" consists of GP-coated particles in a mixture of morphologies including circular, branched, "6"-shaped, and filamentous ones up to ~1,500 nm in length. Lyophilization conferred a high level of thermostability on the nano-VLP. Unlike Ebola VLP in solution, which underwent denaturation of GP upon moderate heating, the lyophilized nano-VLP can withstand at least 1 h at 75°C, while retaining conformational integrity of GP and the ability to confer protective immunity in a mouse model. CONCLUSIONS We showed that Ebola virus-like particles can be reduced in size to a more amenable range for manipulation, and that these smaller particles retained their temperature stability, the structure of the GP antigen, and the ability to stimulate a protective immune response in mice. We developed a new purification scheme for "nano-VLP" that is more easily scaled up and filterable. The product could also be made thermostable by lyophilization, which is highly significant for vaccines used in tropical countries without a reliable "cold-chain" of refrigeration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John H Carra
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-9211, USA.
| | - Karen A O Martins
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-9211, USA.
| | - Rowena D Schokman
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-9211, USA.
| | - Camenzind G Robinson
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-9211, USA. .,Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
| | - Jesse T Steffens
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-9211, USA.
| | - Sina Bavari
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-9211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rougeron V, Feldmann H, Grard G, Becker S, Leroy EM. Ebola and Marburg haemorrhagic fever. J Clin Virol 2015; 64:111-9. [PMID: 25660265 PMCID: PMC11080958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ebolaviruses and Marburgviruses (family Filoviridae) are among the most virulent pathogens for humans and great apes causing severe haemorrhagic fever and death within a matter of days. This group of viruses is characterized by a linear, non-segmented, single-stranded RNA genome of negative polarity. The overall burden of filovirus infections is minimal and negligible compared to the devastation caused by malnutrition and other infectious diseases prevalent in Africa such as malaria, dengue or tuberculosis. In this paper, we review the knowledge gained on the eco/epidemiology, the pathogenesis and the disease control measures for Marburg and Ebola viruses developed over the last 15 years. The overall progress is promising given the little attention that these pathogen have achieved in the past; however, more is to come over the next decade given the more recent interest in these pathogens as potential public and animal health concerns. Licensing of therapeutic and prophylactic options may be achievable over the next 5-10 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Rougeron
- Laboratoire MiVEGEC, UMR IRD 224 CNRS 5290 UMI, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France; International Center for Medical Research of Franceville, BP769, Franceville, Gabon.
| | - H Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - G Grard
- International Center for Medical Research of Franceville, BP769, Franceville, Gabon
| | - S Becker
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - E M Leroy
- Laboratoire MiVEGEC, UMR IRD 224 CNRS 5290 UMI, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France; International Center for Medical Research of Franceville, BP769, Franceville, Gabon
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ye L, Yang C. Development of vaccines for prevention of Ebola virus infection. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:98-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
14
|
Koukuntla R, Mandell RB, Flick R. Virus-Like Particle-Based Countermeasures Against Rift Valley Fever Virus. Zoonoses Public Health 2012; 59 Suppl 2:142-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
15
|
Silva LP, Vanzile M, Bavari S, Aman JMJ, Schriemer DC. Assembly of Ebola virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by latch-like properties of N and C terminal tails. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39978. [PMID: 22792204 PMCID: PMC3390324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix protein VP40 coordinates numerous functions in the viral life cycle of the Ebola virus. These range from the regulation of viral transcription to morphogenesis, packaging and budding of mature virions. Similar to the matrix proteins of other nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA viruses, VP40 proceeds through intermediate states of assembly (e.g. octamers) but it remains unclear how these intermediates are coordinated with the various stages of the life cycle. In this study, we investigate the molecular basis of synchronization as governed by VP40. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry was used to follow induced structural and conformational changes in VP40. Together with computational modeling, we demonstrate that both extreme N and C terminal tail regions stabilize the monomeric state through a direct association. The tails appear to function as a latch, released upon a specific molecular trigger such as RNA ligation. We propose that triggered release of the tails permits the coordination of late-stage events in the viral life cycle, at the inner membrane of the host cell. Specifically, N-tail release exposes the L-domain motifs PTAP/PPEY to the transport and budding complexes, whereas triggered C-tail release could improve association with the site of budding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie P. Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Vanzile
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - J. M. Javad Aman
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David C. Schriemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu L, Trefethen JM, Zeng Y, Yee L, Ohtake S, Lechuga‐Ballesteros D, Warfield KL, Aman MJ, Shulenin S, Unfer R, Enterlein SG, Truong‐Le V, Volkin DB, Joshi SB, Middaugh CR. Biophysical Characterization and Conformational Stability of Ebola and Marburg Virus-Like Particles. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:5156-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
17
|
Grant-Klein RJ, Altamura LA, Schmaljohn CS. Progress in recombinant DNA-derived vaccines for Lassa virus and filoviruses. Virus Res 2011; 162:148-61. [PMID: 21925552 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Developing vaccines for highly pathogenic viruses such as those causing Lassa, Ebola, and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers is a daunting task due to both scientific and logistical constraints. Scientific hurdles to overcome include poorly defined relationships between pathogenicity and protective immune responses, genetic diversity of viruses, and safety in a target population that includes a large number of individuals with compromised immune systems. Logistical obstacles include the requirement for biosafety level-4 containment to study the authentic viruses, the poor public health infrastructure of the endemic disease areas, and the cost of developing these vaccines for use in non-lucrative markets. Recombinant DNA-based vaccine approaches offer promise of overcoming some of these issues. In this review, we consider the status of various recombinant DNA candidate vaccines against Lassa virus and filoviruses which have been tested in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Grant-Klein
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bradfute SB, Bavari S. Correlates of immunity to filovirus infection. Viruses 2011; 3:982-1000. [PMID: 21994766 PMCID: PMC3185794 DOI: 10.3390/v3070982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Filoviruses can cause severe, often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. Recent advances in vaccine and therapeutic drug development have provided encouraging data concerning treatment of these infections. However, relatively little is known about immune responses in fatal versus non-fatal filovirus infection. This review summarizes the published literature on correlates of immunity to filovirus infection, and highlights deficiencies in our knowledge on this topic. It is likely that there are several types of successful immune responses, depending on the type of filovirus, and the presence and timing of vaccination or drug treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Bradfute
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland, MD 21702, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bradfute SB, Dye JM, Bavari S. Filovirus vaccines. HUMAN VACCINES 2011; 7:701-11. [PMID: 21519188 PMCID: PMC3219077 DOI: 10.4161/hv.7.6.15398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Filoviruses can cause severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates (NHPs). Although there are currently no clinically proven treatments for filovirus disease, much progress has been made in recent years in the discovery of therapeutics and vaccines against these viruses. A variety of vaccine platforms have been shown to be effective against filovirus infection. This review summarizes the literature in this field, focusing on vaccines that have been shown to protect NHPs from infection. Furthermore, the uses of rodent models in vaccine development, as well as correlates of immunity, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Bradfute
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Interagency Biodefense Campus; Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Plummer EM, Manchester M. Viral nanoparticles and virus-like particles: platforms for contemporary vaccine design. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 3:174-196. [PMID: 20872839 PMCID: PMC7169818 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current vaccines that provide protection against infectious diseases have primarily relied on attenuated or inactivated pathogens. Virus‐like particles (VLPs), comprised of capsid proteins that can initiate an immune response but do not include the genetic material required for replication, promote immunogenicity and have been developed and approved as vaccines in some cases. In addition, many of these VLPs can be used as molecular platforms for genetic fusion or chemical attachment of heterologous antigenic epitopes. This approach has been shown to provide protective immunity against the foreign epitopes in many cases. A variety of VLPs and virus‐based nanoparticles are being developed for use as vaccines and epitope platforms. These particles have the potential to increase efficacy of current vaccines as well as treat diseases for which no effective vaccines are available. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 174–196 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.119 This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Plummer
- Cell Biology Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marianne Manchester
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pushko P, Kort T, Nathan M, Pearce MB, Smith G, Tumpey TM. Recombinant H1N1 virus-like particle vaccine elicits protective immunity in ferrets against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. Vaccine 2010; 28:4771-6. [PMID: 20470801 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic virus of 2009 (2009 H1N1) continues to cause illness worldwide, especially in younger age groups. The widespread H1N1 virus infection further emphasizes the need for vaccine strategies that are effective against emerging pandemic viruses and are not dependent on the limitations of traditional egg-based technology. This report describes a recombinant influenza virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine consisting of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix (M1) proteins of influenza A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) virus. Influenza H1N1 VLPs with a diameter of approximately 120nm were released into the culture medium from Sf9 insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus coexpressing HA, NA, and M1 proteins. Purified recombinant H1N1 VLPs morphologically resembled influenza virions and exhibited biological characteristics of influenza virus, including HA and NA activities. In the ferret challenge model, 2009 influenza H1N1 VLPs elicited high-titer serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies specific for the 2009 H1N1 virus and inhibited replication of the influenza virus in the upper and lower respiratory tract tissues following A/Mexico/4482/09 (H1N1) virus challenge. Moreover, a single 15mug dose of H1N1 VLPs resulted in complete virus clearance in the ferret lung. These results provide support for the use of recombinant influenza VLP vaccine as an effective strategy against pandemic H1N1 virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pushko
- Novavax, Inc., 9920 Belward Campus Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mandell RB, Koukuntla R, Mogler LJ, Carzoli AK, Freiberg AN, Holbrook MR, Martin BK, Staplin WR, Vahanian NN, Link CJ, Flick R. A replication-incompetent Rift Valley fever vaccine: chimeric virus-like particles protect mice and rats against lethal challenge. Virology 2010; 397:187-98. [PMID: 19932911 PMCID: PMC2813982 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) present viral antigens in a native conformation and are effectively recognized by the immune system and therefore are considered as suitable and safe vaccine candidates against many viral diseases. Here we demonstrate that chimeric VLPs containing Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) glycoproteins G(N) and G(C), nucleoprotein N and the gag protein of Moloney murine leukemia virus represent an effective vaccine candidate against Rift Valley fever, a deadly disease in humans and livestock. Long-lasting humoral and cellular immune responses are demonstrated in a mouse model by the analysis of neutralizing antibody titers and cytokine secretion profiles. Vaccine efficacy studies were performed in mouse and rat lethal challenge models resulting in high protection rates. Taken together, these results demonstrate that replication-incompetent chimeric RVF VLPs are an efficient RVFV vaccine candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas N. Vahanian
- BioProtection Systems Corporation, Ames, IA, USA,NewLink Genetics Corporation, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Charles J. Link
- BioProtection Systems Corporation, Ames, IA, USA,NewLink Genetics Corporation, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ramon Flick
- BioProtection Systems Corporation, Ames, IA, USA,Corresponding author. Fax: +1 515 296 3820
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Berry JD, Hay K, Rini JM, Yu M, Wang L, Plummer FA, Corbett CR, Andonov A. Neutralizing epitopes of the SARS-CoV S-protein cluster independent of repertoire, antigen structure or mAb technology. MAbs 2010; 2:53-66. [PMID: 20168090 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.1.10788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibody responses to the surface glycoproteins of enveloped viruses play an important role in immunity. Many of these glycoproteins, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) protein form trimeric units in the membrane of the native virion. There is substantial experimental and pre-clinical evidence showing that the S protein is a promising lead for vaccines and therapeutics. Previously we generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to whole inactivated SARS-CoV which neutralize the virus in vitro. Here, we define their specificity and affinity, map several of their epitopes and lastly characterise chimeric versions of them. Our data show that the neutralizing mAbs bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS S protein. Three of the chimeric mAbs retain their binding specificity while one conformational mAb, F26G19, lost its ability to bind the S protein despite high level expression. The affinity for recombinant S is maintained in all of the functional chimeric versions of the parental mAbs. Both parental mAb F26G18 and the chimeric version neutralize the TO R2 strain of SARS-CoV with essentially identical titres (2.07 and 2.47 nM, respectively). Lastly, a comparison with other neutralizing mAbs to SARS-CoV clearly shows that the dominance of a 33 amino acid residue loop of the SARS-CoV RBD is independent of repertoire, species, quaternary structure, and importantly, the technology used to derive the mAbs. In cases like this, the dominance of a compact RBD antigenic domain and the central role of the S protein in pathogenesis may inherently create immunoselection pressure on viruses to evolve more complex evasion strategies or die out of a host species. The apparent simplicity of the mechanism of SARS-CoV neutralization is in stark contrast to the complexity shown by other enveloped viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jody D Berry
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Steele KE, Anderson AO, Mohamadzadeh M. Fibroblastic reticular cells and their role in viral hemorrhagic fevers. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2009; 7:423-35. [PMID: 19400762 DOI: 10.1586/eri.09.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) caused by Ebola, Marburg and Lassa viruses often manifest as multiple organ dysfunction and hemorrhagic shock with high mortality. These viruses target numerous cell types, including monocytes and dendritic cells, which are primary early targets that mediate critical pathogenetic processes. This review focuses on fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), another prevalent infected cell type that is known as a key regulator of circulatory and immune functions. Viral infection of FRCs could have debilitating effects in secondary lymphoid organs and various other tissues. FRCs may also contribute to the spread of these deadly viruses throughout the body. Here, we review the salient features of these VHFs and the biology of FRCs, emphasizing the potential role of these cells in VHFs and the rapid deterioration of immune and hemovascular sytems that are characteristic of such acute infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith E Steele
- Division of Pathology, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang Z, Chen Q, Hjelm B, Arntzen C, Mason H. A DNA replicon system for rapid high-level production of virus-like particles in plants. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 103:706-14. [PMID: 19309755 PMCID: PMC2704498 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) represent a safe and effective vaccine strategy. We previously described a stable transgenic plant system for inexpensive production and oral delivery of VLP vaccines. However, the relatively low-level antigen accumulation and long-time frame to produce transgenic plants are the two major roadblocks in the practical development of plant-based VLP production. In this article, we describe the optimization of geminivirus-derived DNA replicon vectors for rapid, high-yield plant-based production of VLPs. Co-delivery of bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV)-derived vector and Rep/RepA-supplying vector by agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted in efficient replicon amplification and robust protein production within 5 days. Co-expression of the P19 protein of tomato bush stunt virus, a gene silencing inhibitor, further enhanced VLP accumulation by stabilizing the mRNA. With this system, hepatitis B core antigen (HBc) and Norwalk virus capsid protein (NVCP) were produced at 0.80 and 0.34 mg/g leaf fresh weight, respectively. Sedimentation analysis and electron microscopy of transiently expressed antigens verified the efficient assembly of VLPs. Furthermore, a single replicon vector containing a built-in Rep/RepA cassette without P19 drove protein expression at similar levels as the three-component system. These results demonstrate the advantages of fast and high-level production of VLP-based vaccines using the BeYDV-derived DNA replicon system for transient expression in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Huang
- Biodesign Institute, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kang SM, Compans RW. Host responses from innate to adaptive immunity after vaccination: molecular and cellular events. Mol Cells 2009; 27:5-14. [PMID: 19214429 PMCID: PMC6280669 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of effective vaccines has had the most profound positive effect on improving the quality of public health by preventing infectious diseases. Despite many successful vaccines, there are still old and new emerging pathogens against which there is no vaccine available. A better understanding of how vaccines work for providing protection will help to improve current vaccines as well as to develop effective vaccines against pathogens for which we do not have a proper means to control. Recent studies have focused on innate immunity as the first line of host defense and its role in inducing adaptive immunity; such studies have been an intense area of research, which will reveal the immunological mechanisms how vaccines work for protection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of receptors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns on cells of the innate immune system, play a critical role in detecting and responding to microbial infections. Importantly, the innate immune system modulates the quantity and quality of longterm T and B cell memory and protective immune responses to pathogens. Limited studies suggest that vaccines which mimic natural infection and/or the structure of pathogens seem to be effective in inducing long-term protective immunity. A better understanding of the similarities and differences of the molecular and cellular events in host responses to vaccination and pathogen infection would enable the rationale for design of novel preventive measures against many challenging pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Moo Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
VP40, the major matrix protein of Marburg virus, is the main driving force for viral budding. Additionally, cellular factors are likely to play an important role in the release of progeny virus. In the present study, we characterized the influence of the vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) pathway on the release of virus-like particles (VLPs), which are induced by Marburg virus VP40. In the supernatants of HEK 293 cells expressing VP40, different populations of VLPs with either a vesicular or a filamentous morphology were detected. While the filaments were almost completely composed of VP40, the vesicular particles additionally contained considerable amounts of cellular proteins. In contrast to that in the vesicles, the VP40 in the filaments was regularly organized, probably inducing the elimination of cellular proteins from the released VLPs. Vesicular particles were observed in the supernatants of cells even in the absence of VP40. Mutation of the late-domain motif in VP40 resulted in reduced release of filamentous particles, and likewise, inhibition of the VPS pathway by expression of a dominant-negative (DN) form of VPS4 inhibited the release of filamentous particles. In contrast, the release of vesicular particles did not respond significantly to the expression of DN VPS4. Like the budding of VLPs, the budding of Marburg virus particles was partially inhibited by the expression of DN VPS4. While the release of VLPs from VP40-expressing cells is a valuable tool with which to investigate the budding of Marburg virus particles, it is important to separate filamentous VLPs from vesicular particles, which contain many cellular proteins and use a different budding mechanism.
Collapse
|
28
|
Swenson DL, Warfield KL, Larsen T, Alves DA, Coberley SS, Bavari S. Monovalent virus-like particle vaccine protects guinea pigs and nonhuman primates against infection with multiple Marburg viruses. Expert Rev Vaccines 2008; 7:417-29. [PMID: 18444889 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.7.4.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines have the advantage of being morphologically and antigenically similar to the live virus from which they are derived. Expression of the glycoprotein and VP40 matrix protein from Lake Victoria marburgvirus (MARV) results in spontaneous production of VLPs in mammalian cells. Guinea pigs vaccinated with Marburg virus VLPs (mVLPs) or inactivated MARV (iMARV) develop homologous humoral and T-cell responses and are completely protected from a lethal homologous MARV challenge. AIMS & METHODS To determine whether mVLPs based on the Musoke (aka Lake Victoria) isolate of MARV could broadly protect against diverse isolates of MARV, guinea pigs were vaccinated with mVLPs or iMARV-Musoke and challenged with MARV-Musoke, -Ravn or -Ci67. RESULTS Prior to challenge, the mVLP- and iMARV-vaccinated guinea pigs had high levels of homologous MARV-Musoke and heterologous MARV-Ravn and -Ci67 antibodies. The Musoke-based mVLPs and iMARV vaccines provided complete protection in guinea pigs against viremia, viral replication and pathological changes in tissues, and lethal disease following challenge with MARV-Musoke, -Ravn or -Ci67. Guinea pigs vaccinated with RIBI adjuvant alone and infected with guinea pig-adapted MARV-Musoke, -Ravn or -Ci67 had histopathologic findings similar to those seen in the nonhuman primate model for MARV infection. Based on the strong protection observed in guinea pigs, we next vaccinated cynomolgus macaques with Musoke-based mVLPs and showed the VLP-vaccinated monkeys were broadly protected against three isolates of MARV (Musoke, Ravn and Ci67). CONCLUSION Musoke mVLPs are effective at inducing broad heterologous immunity and protection against multiple MARV isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Swenson
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mohamadzadeh M, Duong T, Hoover T, Klaenhammer TR. Targeting mucosal dendritic cells with microbial antigens from probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Expert Rev Vaccines 2008; 7:163-74. [PMID: 18324887 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.7.2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of vaccines against infectious microbes has been critical to the advancement of medicine. Vaccine strategies combined with, or without, adjuvants have been established to eradicate various bacterial and viral pathogens. A new generation of vaccines is being developed using specific strains of Gram-positive, lactic acid bacteria and, notably, some probiotic lactobacilli. These bacteria have been safely consumed by humans for centuries in fermented foods. Thus, they can be orally administered, are well tolerated by recipients and could be easily and economically provided to large populations. In this overview, we focus on mucosal immunity and how its cellular component(s), particularly dendritic cells, can be specifically targeted to deliver immunogenic subunits, such as the protective antigen from Bacillus anthracis (the causative agent of anthrax). An antigen-specific immune response can be elicited using specific strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus expressing the protective antigen. A mucosal, dendritic cell-targeted approach increases the bioavailability of an immunogen of interest when delivered orally by L. acidophilus. This provides an efficiently elegant natural strategy and serves a dual function as an immune-stimulating adjuvant in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pelletier M, Furmanski M. Countermeasure R&D Funding Debate. Biosecur Bioterror 2008; 6:114-5; author reply 116. [DOI: 10.1089/bsp.2008.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
31
|
The creation of stable cell lines expressing Ebola virus glycoproteins and the matrix protein VP40 and generating Ebola virus-like particles utilizing an ecdysone inducible mammalian expression system. J Virol Methods 2008; 148:237-43. [PMID: 18242720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ebola virus is a filovirus that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans and is associated with case fatality rates of up to 90%. The lack of therapeutic interventions in combination with the threat of weaponizing this organism has enhanced research investigations. The expression of key viral proteins and the production of virus-like particles in mammalian systems are often pursued for characterization and functional studies. Common practice is to express these proteins through transient transfection of mammalian cells. Unfortunately the transfection reagents are expensive and the process is time consuming and labour intensive. This work describes utilizing an ecdysone inducible mammalian expression system to create stable cell lines that express the Ebola virus transmembrane glycoprotein (GP), the soluble glycoprotein (sGP) and the matrix protein (VP40) individually as well as GP and VP40 simultaneously (for the production of virus like particles). These products were the same as those expressed by the transient system, by Western blot analysis and electron microscopy. The inducible system proved to be an improvement of the current technology by enhancing the cost effectiveness and simplifying the process.
Collapse
|
32
|
Warfield KL, Swenson DL, Olinger GG, Kalina WV, Aman MJ, Bavari S. Ebola virus-like particle-based vaccine protects nonhuman primates against lethal Ebola virus challenge. J Infect Dis 2008; 196 Suppl 2:S430-7. [PMID: 17940980 DOI: 10.1086/520583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of infection by the highly lethal filoviruses, Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), in humans. We previously had demonstrated the protective efficacy of virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines against EBOV and MARV infection in rodents. METHODS To determine the efficacy of vaccination with Ebola VLPs (eVLPs) in nonhuman primates, we vaccinated cynomolgus macaques with eVLPs containing EBOV glycoprotein (GP), nucleoprotein (NP), and VP40 matrix protein and challenged the macaques with 1000 pfu of EBOV. RESULTS Serum samples from the eVLP-vaccinated nonhuman primates demonstrated EBOV-specific antibody titers, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complement-mediated lysis assay, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay. CD44+ T cells from eVLP-vaccinated macaques but not from a naive macaque responded with vigorous production of tumor necrosis factor- alpha after EBOV-peptide stimulation. All 5 eVLP-vaccinated monkeys survived challenge without clinical or laboratory signs of EBOV infection, whereas the control animal died of infection. CONCLUSION On the basis of safety and efficacy, eVLPs represent a promising filovirus vaccine for use in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Warfield
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Warfield K, Posten N, Swenson D, Olinger G, Esposito D, Gillette W, Hopkins R, Costantino J, Panchal R, Hartley J, Aman M, Bavari S. Filovirus‐Like Particles Produced in Insect Cells: Immunogenicity and Protection in Rodents. J Infect Dis 2007; 196 Suppl 2:S421-9. [DOI: 10.1086/520612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
34
|
Ascenzi P, Bocedi A, Heptonstall J, Capobianchi MR, Di Caro A, Mastrangelo E, Bolognesi M, Ippolito G. Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus: insight the Filoviridae family. Mol Aspects Med 2007; 29:151-85. [PMID: 18063023 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus (belonging to the Filoviridae family) emerged four decades ago and cause epidemics of haemorrhagic fever with high case-fatality rates. The genome of filoviruses encodes seven proteins. No significant homology is observed between filovirus proteins and any known macromolecule. Moreover, Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus show significant differences in protein homology. The natural maintenance cycle of filoviruses is unknown, the natural reservoir, the mode of transmission, the epidemic disease generation, and temporal dynamics are unclear. Lastly, Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus are considered as potential biological weapons. Vaccine appears the unique therapeutic frontier. Here, molecular and clinical aspects of filoviral haemorrhagic fevers are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, I-00149 Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ramqvist T, Andreasson K, Dalianis T. Vaccination, immune and gene therapy based on virus-like particles against viral infections and cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:997-1007. [PMID: 17665989 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.7.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembling, non-replicating particles lacking the viral genome that are formed by one or several viral structural proteins. VLPs can be purified after expression in yeast cells, insect cells using baculoviruses, Escherichia coli or mammalian cells. Recently, vaccines based on VLPs have come into focus with the FDA approval of a VLP-based vaccine against human papilloma viruses. However, this application of VLPs is just one of many developments within the VLP field. Other potential applications under development besides vaccines against viruses or cancers also include gene delivery and treatment of different disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torbjörn Ramqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fuller CL, Ruthel G, Warfield KL, Swenson DL, Bosio CM, Aman MJ, Bavari S. NKp30-dependent cytolysis of filovirus-infected human dendritic cells. Cell Microbiol 2007; 9:962-76. [PMID: 17381429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how protective innate immune responses are generated is crucial to defeating highly lethal emerging pathogens. Accumulating evidence suggests that potent innate immune responses are tightly linked to control of Ebola and Marburg filoviral infections. Here, we report that unlike authentic or inactivated Ebola and Marburg, filovirus-derived virus-like particles directly activated human natural killer (NK) cells in vitro, evidenced by pro-inflammatory cytokine production and enhanced cytolysis of permissive target cells. Further, we observed perforin- and CD95L-mediated cytolysis of filovirus-infected human dendritic cells (DCs), primary targets of filovirus infection, by autologous NK cells. Gene expression knock-down studies directly linked NK cell lysis of infected DCs to upregulation of the natural cytotoxicity receptor, NKp30. These results are the first to propose a role for NK cells in the clearance of infected DCs and the potential involvement of NKp30-mediated cytolysis in control of viral infection in vivo. Further elucidation of the biology of NK cell activation, specifically natural cytotoxicity receptors like NKp30 and NKp46, promises to aid our understanding of microbial pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudette L Fuller
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Both filoviruses and arenaviruses are enveloped viruses with a single-stranded RNA genome. Most human pathogenic arenaviruses, as well as filoviruses, cause severe hemorrhagic fevers with a high rate of case fatalities. Increasing numbers of outbreaks, the possibility of imported infections and the potential use of these viruses as bioterrorism agents have led to increased interest in these viruses and their biology. Virus-like particles are excellent tools to study the life-cycle of filoviruses and arenaviruses and have demonstrated the potential for use as safe and effective vaccines. This review summarizes the recent advances in the production, study and application of filovirus- and arenavirus-like particles, and provides an outlook on possible future directions for research into these viruses using virus-like particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hoenen
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | | | - Stephan Becker
- Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Grgacic EVL, Anderson DA. Virus-like particles: passport to immune recognition. Methods 2007; 40:60-5. [PMID: 16997714 PMCID: PMC7128828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2006.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are formed by the self-assembly of envelope and/or capsid proteins from many viruses. In many cases such VLPs have structural characteristics and antigenicity similar to the parental virus, and some have already proven successful as vaccines against the cognate virus infection. The structural components of some VLPs have also proven amenable to the insertion or fusion of foreign antigenic sequences, allowing the production of chimeric VLPs exposing the foreign antigen on their surface. Other VLPs have been used as carriers for foreign antigens, including non-protein antigens, via chemical conjugation. This review outlines some of the advantages, disadvantages, and technical considerations for the use of a wide range of VLP systems in vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V L Grgacic
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mohamadzadeh M, Chen L, Olinger GG, Pratt WD, Schmaljohn AL. Filoviruses and the Balance of Innate, Adaptive, and Inflammatory Responses. Viral Immunol 2006; 19:602-12. [PMID: 17201655 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2006.19.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Filoviruses Marburg virus and Ebola virus are among the deadliest of human pathogens, causing fulminant hemorrhagic fevers typified by overmatched specific immune responses and profuse inflammatory responses. Keys to both vaccination and treatment may reside, first, in the understanding of immune dysfunctions that parallel Filoviral disease and, second, in devising ways to redirect and restore normal immune function as well as to mitigate inflammation. Here, we describe how Filoviral infections may subvert innate immune responses through perturbances of dendritic cells and neutrophils, with particular emphasis on the downstream effects on adaptive immunity and inflammation. We suggest that pivotal events may be subject to therapeutic intervention as Filoviruses encounter immune processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cleri DJ, Ricketti AJ, Porwancher RB, Ramos-Bonner LS, Vernaleo JR. Viral hemorrhagic fevers: current status of endemic disease and strategies for control. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2006; 20:359-93, x. [PMID: 16762743 PMCID: PMC7135140 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2006.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Cleri
- Department of Medicine, Seton Hall University School of Graduate Medical Education, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hoenen T, Groseth A, Falzarano D, Feldmann H. Ebola virus: unravelling pathogenesis to combat a deadly disease. Trends Mol Med 2006; 12:206-15. [PMID: 16616875 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe haemorrhagic fever leading to up to 90% lethality. Increasingly frequent outbreaks and the placement of EBOV in the category A list of potential biothreat agents have boosted interest in this virus. Furthermore, development of new technologies (e.g. reverse genetics systems) and extensive studies on Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) in animal models have substantially expanded the knowledge on the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie this disease. Two major factors in EBOV pathogenesis are the impairment of the immune response and vascular dysfunction. Here, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge on EBOV pathogenesis focusing on these two factors and on recent progress in the development of vaccines and potential therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hoenen
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington St., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|