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Gazi U, Taylan-Ozkan A, Mumcuoglu KY. Immune mechanisms in human Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae) infestations. Parasite Immunol 2021; 44:e12900. [PMID: 34923637 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scabies is a parasitic infestation of human and animal skin caused by different strains of the itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared scabies in human as a neglected tropical disease, and today over 200 million people worldwide are affected. The two most commonly reported clinical manifestation of the condition are ordinary (OS) and crusted scabies (CS). CS, which can lead to fatal consequences due to secondary bacterial infections, is mostly observed in immunocompromised subjects but can also, although rarely, be detected in immunocompetent individuals. Innate and adaptive immune system components are involved in protection and pathogenesis of scabies, although with some differences between OS and CS. While the cutaneous immune response is dominated by CD4+ T-cells in OS, it is mainly mediated by CD8+ T-cells in CS. The two clinical conditions also differ in CD4+ T-cell-mediated immune responses with mixed TH 1/TH 2 (protective) and TH 2/TH 17 (non-protective) immunoprofiles in OS and CS, respectively. Moreover, the development of CS is associated with early immunosuppression that is followed by deleterious immune response to uncontrolled mite proliferation. However, the immune response to scabies still needs further attention due to inconsistent results in the literature. The aim of this study is to attract more attention to this area by summarizing the current literature on innate and adaptive immune responses triggered against S. scabiei mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Gazi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Aysegul Taylan-Ozkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kosta Y Mumcuoglu
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Cid R, Bolívar J. Platforms for Production of Protein-Based Vaccines: From Classical to Next-Generation Strategies. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1072. [PMID: 34439738 PMCID: PMC8394948 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, vaccination has become one of the most effective strategies to control and reduce infectious diseases, preventing millions of deaths worldwide. The earliest vaccines were developed as live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens, and, although they still represent the most extended human vaccine types, they also face some issues, such as the potential to revert to a pathogenic form of live-attenuated formulations or the weaker immune response associated with inactivated vaccines. Advances in genetic engineering have enabled improvements in vaccine design and strategies, such as recombinant subunit vaccines, have emerged, expanding the number of diseases that can be prevented. Moreover, antigen display systems such as VLPs or those designed by nanotechnology have improved the efficacy of subunit vaccines. Platforms for the production of recombinant vaccines have also evolved from the first hosts, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to insect or mammalian cells. Traditional bacterial and yeast systems have been improved by engineering and new systems based on plants or insect larvae have emerged as alternative, low-cost platforms. Vaccine development is still time-consuming and costly, and alternative systems that can offer cost-effective and faster processes are demanding to address infectious diseases that still do not have a treatment and to face possible future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cid
- ADL Bionatur Solutions S.A., Av. del Desarrollo Tecnológico 11, 11591 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Jorge Bolívar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
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Uppu DSSM, Turvey ME, Sharif ARM, Bidet K, He Y, Ho V, Tambe AD, Lescar J, Tan EY, Fink K, Chen J, Hammond PT. Temporal release of a three-component protein subunit vaccine from polymer multilayers. J Control Release 2019; 317:130-141. [PMID: 31756392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sustained antigen and adjuvant availability have been shown to improve antiviral immune responses following vaccination. Transcutaneous delivery of vaccines using microneedles has also shown promise and may be particularly relevant for mosquito-borne viruses. We aim to combine these traits to create a three-component Protein Subunit vaccine on Microneedle Arrays (PSMNs) for transcutaneous delivery using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Polymer multilayer thin films were generated to co-deliver a model combination of three chemically distinct vaccine components, a dengue virus Envelope protein Domain III (EDIII) subunit antigen and two adjuvants, a double-stranded RNA (Poly (inosinic:cytidylic acid) (PolyI:C)) and an amphiphilic hexapeptide, Pam3CSK4. Following application of PSMNs to the skin, implanted thin films facilitated sustained and temporal release of individual vaccine components from polymer multilayers. By modulating LbL composition and architecture, component release profiles in the skin could be independently tuned to allow release of adjuvants and antigen from days up to two weeks. Uptake of antigen and adjuvant from implanted vaccine films by antigen-presenting cells was demonstrated using in vivo mouse and ex vivo human skin models. Overall, we believe that such modular vaccine strategies offer design principles for enhancing the immunogenicity of protein subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divakara S S M Uppu
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
| | - Michelle E Turvey
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
| | - Abdul Rahim Mohammed Sharif
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
| | - Katell Bidet
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
| | - Yanpu He
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Victor Ho
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Anagha D Tambe
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
| | - Julien Lescar
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore
| | - Ern Yu Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Turvey ME, Uppu DS, Mohamed Sharif AR, Bidet K, Alonso S, Ooi EE, Hammond PT. Microneedle-based intradermal delivery of stabilized dengue virus. Bioeng Transl Med 2019; 4:e10127. [PMID: 31249877 PMCID: PMC6584444 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Current live-attenuated dengue vaccines require strict cold chain storage. Methods to preserve dengue virus (DENV) viability, which enable vaccines to be transported and administered at ambient temperatures, will be decisive towards the implementation of affordable global vaccination schemes with broad immunization coverage in resource-limited areas. We have developed a microneedle (MN)-based vaccine platform for the stabilization and intradermal delivery of live DENV from minimally invasive skin patches. Dengue virus-stabilized microneedle arrays (VSMN) were fabricated using saccharide-based formulation of virus and could be stored dry at ambient temperature up to 3 weeks with maintained virus viability. Following intradermal vaccination, VSMN-delivered DENV was shown to elicit strong neutralizing antibody responses and protection from viral challenge, comparable to that of the conventional liquid vaccine administered subcutaneously. This work supports the potential for MN-based dengue vaccine technology and the progression towards cold chain-independence. Dengue virus can be stabilized using saccharide-based formulations and coated on microneedle array vaccine patches for storage in dry state with preserved viability at ambient temperature (VSMN; virus-stabilized microneedle arrays).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E. Turvey
- Infectious Diseases IRGSingapore‐MIT Alliance for Research and TechnologySingapore
| | - Divakara S.S.M. Uppu
- Infectious Diseases IRGSingapore‐MIT Alliance for Research and TechnologySingapore
| | | | - Katell Bidet
- Infectious Diseases IRGSingapore‐MIT Alliance for Research and TechnologySingapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology ProgrammeLife Sciences Institute, National University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Infectious Diseases IRGSingapore‐MIT Alliance for Research and TechnologySingapore
- Emerging Infectious DiseasesDuke‐NUS Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- Infectious Diseases IRGSingapore‐MIT Alliance for Research and TechnologySingapore
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA
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Criscuolo E, Caputo V, Diotti RA, Sautto GA, Kirchenbaum GA, Clementi N. Alternative Methods of Vaccine Delivery: An Overview of Edible and Intradermal Vaccines. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8303648. [PMID: 30949518 PMCID: PMC6425294 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8303648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are recognized worldwide as one of the most important tools for combating infectious diseases. Despite the tremendous value conferred by currently available vaccines toward public health, the implementation of additional vaccine platforms is also of key importance. In fact, currently available vaccines possess shortcomings, such as inefficient triggering of a cell-mediated immune response and the lack of protective mucosal immunity. In this regard, recent work has been focused on vaccine delivery systems, as an alternative to injectable vaccines, to increase antigen stability and improve overall immunogenicity. In particular, novel strategies based on edible or intradermal vaccine formulations have been demonstrated to trigger both a systemic and mucosal immune response. These novel vaccination delivery systems offer several advantages over the injectable preparations including self-administration, reduced cost, stability, and elimination of a cold chain. In this review, the latest findings and accomplishments regarding edible and intradermal vaccines are described in the context of the system used for immunogen expression, their molecular features and capacity to induce a protective systemic and mucosal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Criscuolo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Vita-Salute San Raffaele” University, Milan, Italy
| | - V. Caputo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Vita-Salute San Raffaele” University, Milan, Italy
- Pomona Ricerca S.r.l., Turin, Italy
| | - R. A. Diotti
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Vita-Salute San Raffaele” University, Milan, Italy
- Pomona Ricerca S.r.l., Turin, Italy
| | - G. A. Sautto
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - N. Clementi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Vita-Salute San Raffaele” University, Milan, Italy
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Epidermal micro-perforation potentiates the efficacy of epicutaneous vaccination. J Control Release 2019; 298:12-26. [PMID: 30738084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The skin is an immune organ comprised of a large network of antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, making it an attractive target for the development of new vaccines and immunotherapies. Recently, we developed a new innovative and non-invasive vaccination method without adjuvant based on epicutaneous vaccine patches on which antigen forms a dry deposit. Here we describe in mice a method for potentiating the efficacy of our epicutaneous vaccination approach using a minimally invasive and epidermis-limited skin preparation based on laser-induced micro-perforation. Our results showed that epidermal micro-perforation increased trans-epidermal water loss, resulting in an enhancement of antigen solubilization from the surface of the patch, and increased the quantity of antigen delivered to the epidermis. Importantly, this was not associated with an increase in systemic passage of the antigen. Skin micro-perforation slightly activated keratinocytes without inducing an excessive level of local inflammation. Moreover, epidermal micro-perforation improved antigen capture by epidermal dendritic cells and specifically increased the level of Langerhans cells activation. Finally, we observed that epidermal micro-perforation significantly increased the level of the specific antibody response induced by our epicutaneous Pertussis vaccine candidate containing non-adsorbed recombinant Pertussis Toxin and reduced the amount of antigen dose required. Overall, these data confirm the benefit of a minimal and controlled epidermal preparation for improving the effectiveness of an epicutaneous patch-based vaccine, without adversely affecting the safety of the method.
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Ye Y, Yu J, Wen D, Kahkoska AR, Gu Z. Polymeric microneedles for transdermal protein delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 127:106-118. [PMID: 29408182 PMCID: PMC6020694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic properties of therapeutic proteins generally present a major impediment for transdermal delivery, including their relatively large molecule size and susceptibility to degradation. One solution is to utilize microneedles (MNs), which are capable of painlessly traversing the stratum corneum and directly translocating protein drugs into the systematic circulation. MNs can be designed to incorporate appropriate structural materials as well as therapeutics or formulations with tailored physicochemical properties. This platform technique has been applied to deliver drugs both locally and systemically in applications ranging from vaccination to diabetes and cancer therapy. This review surveys the current design and use of polymeric MNs for transdermal protein delivery. The clinical potential and future translation of MNs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Ye
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Di Wen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anna R Kahkoska
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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9
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Lopez PA, Denny M, Hartmann AK, Alflen A, Probst HC, von Stebut E, Tenzer S, Schild H, Stassen M, Langguth P, Radsak MP. Transcutaneous immunization with a novel imiquimod nanoemulsion induces superior T cell responses and virus protection. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 87:252-259. [PMID: 28655469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is a novel vaccination strategy utilizing the skin associated lymphatic tissue to induce immune responses. TCI using a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope and the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist imiquimod mounts strong CTL responses by activation and maturation of skin-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and their migration to lymph nodes. However, TCI based on the commercial formulation Aldara only induces transient CTL responses that needs further improvement for the induction of durable therapeutic immune responses. OBJECTIVE Therefore we aimed to develop a novel imiquimod solid nanoemulsion (IMI-Sol) for TCI with superior vaccination properties suited to induce high quality T cell responses for enhanced protection against infections. METHODS TCI was performed by applying a MHC class I or II restricted epitope along with IMI-Sol or Aldara (each containing 5% Imiquimod) on the shaved dorsum of C57BL/6, IL-1R, Myd88, Tlr7 or Ccr7 deficient mice. T cell responses as well as DC migration upon TCI were subsequently analyzed by flow cytometry. To determine in vivo efficacy of TCI induced immune responses, CTL responses and frequency of peptide specific T cells were evaluated on day 8 or 35 post vaccination and protection in a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection model was assessed. RESULTS TCI with the imiquimod formulation IMI-Sol displayed equal skin penetration of imiquimod compared to Aldara, but elicited superior CD8+ as well as CD4+ T cell responses. The induction of T-cell responses induced by IMI-Sol TCI was dependent on the TLR7/MyD88 pathway and independent of IL-1R. IMI-Sol TCI activated skin-derived DCs in skin-draining lymph nodes more efficiently compared to Aldara leading to enhanced protection in a LCMV infection model. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that IMI-Sol TCI can overcome current limitations of previous imiquimod based TCI approaches opening new perspectives for transcutaneous vaccination strategies and allowing the use of this enhanced cutaneous drug-delivery system to be tailored for the improved prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Aranda Lopez
- Third Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark Denny
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 5, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hartmann
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Astrid Alflen
- Third Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Probst
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Esther von Stebut
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Schild
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Stassen
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Langguth
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 5, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus P Radsak
- Third Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Lee CA, Baek JS, Kwag DG, Lee HJ, Park J, Cho CW. Enhancement of skin permeation of vitamin C using vibrating microneedles. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2017; 25:15-20. [PMID: 32095454 PMCID: PMC7033540 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2017.25.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the use of vibrating microneedles for the transdermal delivery of vitamin C. The microneedles were designed to vibrate at three levels of intensity. In vitro permeation by vitamin C was evaluated according to the specific conditions such as vibration intensity (levels 1, 2 and 3), application time (1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 min), and application power (500, 700 and 1,000 g). The highest permeation of vitamin C was observed at level 3 of vibration intensity, 5 min of application, and 1,000 g of application power. Vitamin C gel showed no cytotoxic effect against Pam212 cells or skin irritation effects. A pharmacokinetic study of the gel in rats was conducted under optimized conditions. The AUC0-∞ and Cmax increased 1.35-fold and 1.44-fold, respectively, compared with those after vitamin C gel without application with vibrating microneedles. The present study suggests that vibrating microneedles can be used to facilitate the skin permeability of vitamin C under optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-A Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Jong-Suep Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Dong-Gi Kwag
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Hanseo University, 236-49 Gomseom-ro, Nam-myun, Taean-Gun, Chungnam-do 32158, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 1278-18 sa 1-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi 15585, South Korea
| | - Jeanho Park
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 1278-18 sa 1-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi 15585, South Korea
| | - Cheong-Weon Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
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Hervé PL, Descamps D, Deloizy C, Dhelft V, Laubreton D, Bouguyon E, Boukadiri A, Dubuquoy C, Larcher T, Benhamou PH, Eléouët JF, Bertho N, Mondoulet L, Riffault S. Non-invasive epicutaneous vaccine against Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Preclinical proof of concept. J Control Release 2016; 243:146-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kaurav M, Minz S, Sahu K, Kumar M, Madan J, Pandey RS. Nanoparticulate mediated transcutaneous immunization: Myth or reality. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1063-1081. [PMID: 26767517 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is a promising route of vaccine delivery through skin due to many well documented advantages. The main obstacle in TCI is the skin's top dead layer i.e. stratum corneum which is difficult to penetrate. Efficiently delivery of antigen to the immune competent cells of epidermis or dermis in TCI might elicit an effective immune response. In this review, skin immunology with a particular focus on potential of immunological active receptors in influencing adaptive immune responses is highlighted. The challenges with TCI and methods to improve it using different adjuvants, chemical and physical approaches, delivery systems, and combination of above methods to further improve immune response following skin application of antigen are elaborately discussed. Nanoparticulate vaccine delivery systems with reference to their applications in TCI are classified according to their chronological development. Conclusively, clinical translations of above methods are also briefly reviewed. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Transcutaneous immunization has been investigated by many as a promising route of vaccination. In this comprehensive review article, the authors described and discussed the existing knowledge and difficulties in this approach. Furthermore, ways of improving transcutaneous delivery were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kaurav
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India.
| | - Sunita Minz
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India.
| | - Kantrol Sahu
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India.
| | | | - Ravi Shankar Pandey
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India.
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Akalkotkar A, Chablani L, Tawde SA, D'Souza C, D'Souza MJ. Development of a microparticulate prostate cancer vaccine and evaluating the effect of route of administration on its efficacy via the skin. J Microencapsul 2015; 32:281-9. [PMID: 25985824 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1017615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The skin has been identified as a promising target to deliver vaccines. In this study, prostate cancer antigens were delivered in a spray-dried microparticulate carrier to a murine model via the transdermal route and the subcutaneous route. There was a significant increase in the humoral responses as determined by the total serum IgG titres (p < 0.05) and the cellular responses as determined by the T- and B-cells sub-population in spleen samples and delay in tumour growth till 8 weeks post-tumour challenge of both vaccinated groups when compared to the controls. The vaccine microparticles administered via the transdermal route induced a Th2-mediated immune response versus a mixed Th1- and Th2-mediated immune response via the subcutaneous route. Thus, the particulate vaccine delivery system proves to be a promising alternative for generation of a robust immune response against prostate cancer via the skin in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Akalkotkar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY , USA
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Stein P, Gogoll K, Tenzer S, Schild H, Stevanovic S, Langguth P, Radsak MP. Efficacy of imiquimod-based transcutaneous immunization using a nano-dispersed emulsion gel formulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102664. [PMID: 25025233 PMCID: PMC4099367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) approaches utilize skin associated lymphatic tissues to elicit specific immune responses. In this context, the imidazoquinoline derivative imiquimod formulated in Aldara applied onto intact skin together with a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope induces potent CTL responses. However, the feasibility and efficacy of the commercial imiquimod formulation Aldara is limited by its physicochemical properties as well as its immunogenicity. Methodology/Principal Findings To overcome these obstacles, we developed an imiquimod-containing emulsion gel (IMI-Gel) and characterized it in comparison to Aldara for rheological properties and in vitro mouse skin permeation in a Franz diffusion cell system. Imiquimod was readily released from Aldara, while IMI-Gel showed markedly decreased drug release. Nevertheless, comparing vaccination potency of Aldara or IMI-Gel-based TCI in C57BL/6 mice against the model cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope SIINFEKL, we found that IMI-Gel was equally effective in terms of the frequency of peptide-specific T-cells and in vivo cytolytic activity. Importantly, transcutaneous delivery of IMI-Gel for vaccination was clearly superior to the subcutaneous or oral route of administration. Finally, IMI-Gel based TCI was at least equally effective compared to Aldara-based TCI in rejection of established SIINFEKL-expressing E.G7 tumors in a therapeutic setup indicated by enhanced tumor rejection and survival. Conclusion/Significance In summary, we developed a novel imiquimod formulation with feasible pharmaceutical properties and immunological efficacy that fosters the rational design of a next generation transcutaneous vaccination platform suitable for the treatment of cancer or persistent virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Stein
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karsten Gogoll
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Schild
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanovic
- Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Langguth
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus P. Radsak
- Third Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Atmar RL, Patel SM, Keitel WA. Intanza®: a new intradermal vaccine for seasonal influenza. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:1399-409. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kim YC, Park JH, Prausnitz MR. Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1547-68. [PMID: 22575858 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 988] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles were first conceptualized for drug delivery many decades ago, but only became the subject of significant research starting in the mid-1990's when microfabrication technology enabled their manufacture as (i) solid microneedles for skin pretreatment to increase skin permeability, (ii) microneedles coated with drug that dissolves off in the skin, (iii) polymer microneedles that encapsulate drug and fully dissolve in the skin and (iv) hollow microneedles for drug infusion into the skin. As shown in more than 350 papers now published in the field, microneedles have been used to deliver a broad range of different low molecular weight drugs, biotherapeutics and vaccines, including published human studies with a number of small-molecule and protein drugs and vaccines. Influenza vaccination using a hollow microneedle is in widespread clinical use and a number of solid microneedle products are sold for cosmetic purposes. In addition to applications in the skin, microneedles have also been adapted for delivery of bioactives into the eye and into cells. Successful application of microneedles depends on device function that facilitates microneedle insertion and possible infusion into skin, skin recovery after microneedle removal, and drug stability during manufacturing, storage and delivery, and on patient outcomes, including lack of pain, skin irritation and skin infection, in addition to drug efficacy and safety. Building off a strong technology base and multiple demonstrations of successful drug delivery, microneedles are poised to advance further into clinical practice to enable better pharmaceutical therapies, vaccination and other applications.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that minimally invasive microneedles cause less pain during injection of lidocaine, but induce local anesthesia in humans with the same rapid onset and efficacy as intradermal lidocaine injection using hypodermic needles. METHODS This study was a randomized, single-blinded, within participants, controlled design. Hollow, 500-μm long microneedles were used to inject lidocaine to the forearm of 15 human participants. The associated pain was recorded using a visual analog (VAS) scale. The area and depth of numbness were determined at 0, 7.5, and 15 minutes after injection. Lidocaine was also injected to the dorsum of the hand near a vein, followed by placement of an intravenous catheter and measurement of associated pain. A 26-gauge intradermal bevel hypodermic needle similarly administered lidocaine on the opposite forearm/hand to serve as the positive control. RESULTS VAS pain scores revealed that injection using microneedles was significantly less painful than hypodermic needles for both the forearm and dorsum of the hand injections. However, there was no significant difference in the area or depth of the resulting numbness between the 2 treatment methods at any time point (0, 7.5, and 15 min) indicating that microneedles had immediate onset and were as effective as hypodermic needles in inducing dermal anesthesia. Moreover, insertion of an intravenous catheter immediately after lidocaine injection on the dorsum of the hand led to comparable pain scores for the microneedle and hypodermic needle treated sites, further confirming efficacy of microneedles in inducing rapid local anesthesia. Lastly, 77% of the participants preferred microneedles and 80% indicated that they did not consider microneedles to be painful. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates for the first time that microneedle-based lidocaine injection is as rapid and as effective as hypodermic injection in inducing local anesthesia while resulting in significantly less pain during injection.
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Fischer MA, Davies ML, Reider IE, Heipertz EL, Epler MR, Sei JJ, Ingersoll MA, Van Rooijen N, Randolph GJ, Norbury CC. CD11b⁺, Ly6G⁺ cells produce type I interferon and exhibit tissue protective properties following peripheral virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002374. [PMID: 22102816 PMCID: PMC3213107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the innate immune system is containment of a pathogen at the site of infection prior to the initiation of an effective adaptive immune response. However, effector mechanisms must be kept in check to combat the pathogen while simultaneously limiting undesirable destruction of tissue resulting from these actions. Here we demonstrate that innate immune effector cells contain a peripheral poxvirus infection, preventing systemic spread of the virus. These innate immune effector cells are comprised primarily of CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G- monocytes that accumulate initially at the site of infection, and are then supplemented and eventually replaced by CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells. The phenotype of the CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells resembles neutrophils, but the infiltration of neutrophils typically occurs prior to, rather than following, accumulation of monocytes. Indeed, it appears that the CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells that infiltrated the site of VACV infection in the ear are phenotypically distinct from the classical description of both neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages. We found that CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells produce Type I interferons and large quantities of reactive oxygen species. We also observed that depletion of Ly6G+ cells results in a dramatic increase in tissue damage at the site of infection. Tissue damage is also increased in the absence of reactive oxygen species, although reactive oxygen species are typically thought to be damaging to tissue rather than protective. These data indicate the existence of a specialized population of CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells that infiltrates a site of virus infection late and protects the infected tissue from immune-mediated damage via production of reactive oxygen species. Regulation of the action of this population of cells may provide an intervention to prevent innate immune-mediated tissue destruction. During a natural virus infection, small doses of infectious virus are deposited at a peripheral infection site, and then a “race” ensues, in which the replicating virus attempts to “outpace” the responding immune system of the host. In the early phases of infection, the innate immune system must contain the infection prior to the development of an effective adaptive response. Here we have characterized the cells of the innate immune system that move to a site of peripheral virus infection, and we find that a subset of these cells display atypical expression of cell surface molecules, timing of infiltration, and function. These cells protect the infected tissue from damage by producing reactive oxygen molecules, which are widely accepted to increase tissue damage. Therefore our findings indicate that during a peripheral virus infection, the typical rules governing the function of the innate immune system are altered to prevent tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Fischer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Davies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Irene E. Reider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erica L. Heipertz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Melanie R. Epler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Janet J. Sei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Molly A. Ingersoll
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nico Van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwendalyn J. Randolph
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher C. Norbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bal SM, Slütter B, Jiskoot W, Bouwstra JA. Small is beautiful: N-trimethyl chitosan–ovalbumin conjugates for microneedle-based transcutaneous immunisation. Vaccine 2011; 29:4025-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bolhassani A, Safaiyan S, Rafati S. Improvement of different vaccine delivery systems for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:3. [PMID: 21211062 PMCID: PMC3024302 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are the promising tools in the hands of the clinical oncologist. Many tumor-associated antigens are excellent targets for immune therapy and vaccine design. Optimally designed cancer vaccines should combine the best tumor antigens with the most effective immunotherapy agents and/or delivery strategies to achieve positive clinical results. Various vaccine delivery systems such as different routes of immunization and physical/chemical delivery methods have been used in cancer therapy with the goal to induce immunity against tumor-associated antigens. Two basic delivery approaches including physical delivery to achieve higher levels of antigen production and formulation with microparticles to target antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have demonstrated to be effective in animal models. New developments in vaccine delivery systems will improve the efficiency of clinical trials in the near future. Among them, nanoparticles (NPs) such as dendrimers, polymeric NPs, metallic NPs, magnetic NPs and quantum dots have emerged as effective vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases and cancer therapy. Furthermore, cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have been known as attractive carrier having applications in drug delivery, gene transfer and DNA vaccination. This review will focus on the utilization of different vaccine delivery systems for prevention or treatment of cancer. We will discuss their clinical applications and the future prospects for cancer vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bolhassani
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Safaiyan
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Rafati
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Oosterhoff D, Sluijter BJR, Hangalapura BN, de Gruijl TD. The dermis as a portal for dendritic cell-targeted immunotherapy of cutaneous melanoma. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2011; 351:181-220. [PMID: 21681685 DOI: 10.1007/82_2011_136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Complete surgical excision at an early stage remains the only curative treatment for cutaneous melanoma with few available adjuvant therapy options. Nevertheless, melanoma is a relatively immunogenic tumor type and particularly amenable to immunotherapeutic approaches. A dense network of cutaneous dendritic cells (DC) may account for the reported efficacy of vaccination through the skin and provide an attractive target for the immunotherapy of melanoma. Several phenotypically distinct DC subsets are discernable in the skin, among others, epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal DC. Upon appropriate activation both subsets can efficiently migrate to melanoma-draining lymph nodes (LN) to prime T cell-mediated responses. Unfortunately, from an early stage, melanoma development is characterized by strong immune suppression, facilitating unchecked tumor growth and spread. Particularly the primary tumor site and the first-line tumor-draining LN, the so-called sentinel LN, bear the brunt of this melanoma-induced immune suppression-and these are exactly the sites where anti-melanoma effector T cell responses should be primed by DC in order to prevent early metastasis. Through local immunopotentiation or through DC-targeted vaccination, the dermis may be utilized as a portal to activate DC and kick-start or boost effective T cell-mediated anti-melanoma immunity, even in the face of this immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Oosterhoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bal SM, Ding Z, van Riet E, Jiskoot W, Bouwstra JA. Advances in transcutaneous vaccine delivery: Do all ways lead to Rome? J Control Release 2010; 148:266-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Falsey AR. New emerging technologies and the intradermal route: the novel way to immunize against influenza. Vaccine 2010; 28 Suppl 4:D24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vankerckhoven V, Van Damme P. Clinical studies assessing immunogenicity and safety of intradermally administered influenza vaccines. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:1109-25. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.507668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Microneedle-based transcutaneous immunisation in mice with N-trimethyl chitosan adjuvanted diphtheria toxoid formulations. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1837-47. [PMID: 20559701 PMCID: PMC2920068 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the delivery and immunogenicity of N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) adjuvanted diphtheria toxoid (DT) formulations applied transcutaneously with microneedles. Methods Mice were vaccinated with DT-loaded TMC nanoparticles, a solution of TMC and DT (TMC/DT) or DT alone. The formulations were applied onto the skin before or after microneedle treatment with two different 300-µm-long microneedle arrays and also injected intradermally (ID). As a positive control, alum-adjuvanted DT (DT-alum) was injected subcutaneously (SC). Ex vivo confocal microscopy studies were performed with rhodamine-labelled TMC. Results Independent of the microneedle array used and the sequence of microneedle treatment and vaccine application, transcutaneous immunisation with the TMC/DT mixture elicited 8-fold higher IgG titres compared to the TMC nanoparticles or DT solution. The toxin-neutralising antibody titres from this group were similar to those elicited by SC DT-alum. After ID immunisation, both TMC-containing formulations induced enhanced titres compared to a DT solution. Confocal microscopy studies revealed that transport of the TMC nanoparticles across the microneedle conduits was limited compared to a TMC solution. Conclusions In conclusion, TMC has an adjuvant function in transcutaneous immunisation with microneedles, but only if applied in a solution. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11095-010-0182-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Paccalin M, Weinberger B, Nicolas JF, Van Damme P, Mégard Y. The intradermal vaccination route – an attractive opportunity for influenza vaccination in the elderly. Eur Geriatr Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Harvey AJ, Kaestner SA, Sutter DE, Harvey NG, Mikszta JA, Pettis RJ. Microneedle-based intradermal delivery enables rapid lymphatic uptake and distribution of protein drugs. Pharm Res 2010; 28:107-16. [PMID: 20354765 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to examine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of drug uptake for microneedle-based intradermal (ID) delivery of several classes of protein drugs compared to standard subcutaneous (SC) administration. METHODS Systemic absorption kinetics of various proteins were analyzed following microneedle-based ID delivery and standard injection methods in the swine model. Comparative PK data were determined using standard non-compartmental techniques based on blood serum levels. RESULTS Delivery of proteins using microneedles resulted in faster systemic availability, measured via t(max,) and increased maximal drug concentration, C(max,) over SC delivery for all proteins tested. Some agents also exhibited increased bioavailability for the ID route. Imaging studies using reporter dyes showed rapid lymphatic-mediated uptake. CONCLUSIONS Microneedle delivery is applicable to a wide variety of protein drugs and is capable of effective parenteral administration of therapeutic drug dosages. This delivery route alters absorption kinetics via targeting a tissue bed better perfused with lymphatic and blood vessels than the SC space. Microneedle delivery may afford various advantages, including a robust method to increase the absorption rate and bioavailability of proteins that have been challenging to deliver at therapeutic levels or with physiologically relevant profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred J Harvey
- BD Technologies, 21 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Ding Z, Bal SM, Romeijn S, Kersten GFA, Jiskoot W, Bouwstra JA. Transcutaneous immunization studies in mice using diphtheria toxoid-loaded vesicle formulations and a microneedle array. Pharm Res 2010; 28:145-58. [PMID: 20237826 PMCID: PMC3003783 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the immunogenicity of diphtheria toxoid (DT) formulated in two types of vesicles following transcutaneous immunization (TCI) of mice onto microneedle array-treated skin. Methods DT-containing cationic liposomes or anionic surfactant-based vesicles were prepared by extrusion and sonication. The physicochemical properties were characterized in terms of size, ζ-potential, vesicle elasticity and antigen association. TCI was performed by applying formulations onto intact or microneedle array-pretreated mice skin, using cholera toxin as an adjuvant. Subcutaneous and intradermal immunizations were as control. Immune responses were evaluated by IgG and neutralizing antibody titers, and the immune-stimulatory properties were assessed using cultured dendritic cells. Results Stable DT-containing cationic liposomes (∼150 nm) and anionic vesicles (∼100 nm) were obtained. Incorporation of Span 80 increased liposome elasticity. About 90% and 77% DT was associated with liposomes and vesicles, respectively. TCI of all formulations resulted in substantial antibody titers only if microneedle pretreatment was applied. Co-administration of cholera toxin further augmented the immune responses of TCI. However, vesicle formulations didn’t enhance the immunogenicity on either intact or microneedle-treated skin and showed low stimulatory activity on dendritic cells. Conclusions Microneedle pretreatment and cholera toxin, but not antigen association to vesicles, enhances the immunogenicity of topically applied DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ding
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Biochemistry Department, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suzanne M. Bal
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Romeijn
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon F. A. Kersten
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Vaccine Institute, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joke A. Bouwstra
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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