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Li S, Wang Z, Li Y, Ding G. Adaptive evolution of proteins in hepatitis B virus during divergence of genotypes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1990. [PMID: 28512348 PMCID: PMC5434055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is classified into several genotypes, correlated with different geographic distributions, clinical outcomes and susceptible human populations. It is crucial to investigate the evolutionary significance behind the diversification of HBV genotypes, because it improves our understanding of their pathological differences and pathogen-host interactions. Here, we performed comprehensive analysis of HBV genome sequences collected from public database. With a stringent criteria, we generated a dataset of 2992 HBV genomes from eight major genotypes. In particular, we applied a specified classification of non-synonymous and synonymous variants in overlapping regions, to distinguish joint and independent gene evolutions. We confirmed the presence of selective constraints over non-synonymous variants in consideration of overlapping regions. We then performed the McDonald-Kreitman test and revealed adaptive evolutions of non-synonymous variants during genotypic differentiation. Remarkably, we identified strong positive selection that drove the differentiation of PreS1 domain, which is an essential regulator involved in viral transmission. Our study presents novel evidences for the adaptive evolution of HBV genotypes, which suggests that these viruses evolve directionally for maintenance or improvement of successful infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdi Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixue Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, 1278 Keyuan Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guohui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, 1278 Keyuan Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.
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Ostankova YV, Semenov AV, Burkitbayev ZK, Savchuk TN, Totolian AA. RESULTS OF GENOTYPING HEPATITIS VIRUS B IN HBsAg-NEGATIVE BLOOD DONORS IN ASTANA, KAZAKHSTAN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2017-4-383-392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ostankova YV, Semenov AV, Faizullaev KN, Kazakova EI, Kozlov AV, Musabaev EI, Totolyan AA. MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF HEPATITIS В IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER FIBROSIS/CIRRHOSIS IN UZBEKISTAN. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND IMMUNOBIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-2016-5-34-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aim. Evaluate prevalence of genetic variants of hepatitis В viruses in population of various regions of Uzbekistan with hepatitis of various genesis and different severity levels of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Materials and methods. Blood plasma and liver biopsy from 39 patients with different severity levels of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis served as study material. Genotyping based on direct sequencing of Pre-Sl/Pre-S2/S HBV DNA region was applied. Results. Hepatitis В virus was detected in 32 samples ofthe 39 provided, frequency of occurrence - 82%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis has shown, that only genotype D was detected among the examined patients, hepatitis В virus subtype D1 predominated (84.38%) compared with D2 (3.12%) and D3 (12.5%) subtypes. Conclusion. Large-scale sequencing of HBV in Central Asia will allow to evaluate routes of transmission and time of evolutionary separation of virus isolates. Understanding the epidemiology of the infectious process is important for development of programs for prophylaxis and therapy of the infection.
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Semenov AV, Ostankova YV, Nogoybaeva KA, Kasymbekova KT, Lavrentieva IN, Tobokalova ST, Totolian AA. MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY FEATURES OF HBV/HDV CO-INFECTION IN KYRGYZSTAN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2016-2-141-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Croagh CM, Desmond PV, Bell SJ. Genotypes and viral variants in chronic hepatitis B: A review of epidemiology and clinical relevance. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:289-303. [PMID: 25848459 PMCID: PMC4381158 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) has a worldwide distribution and is endemic in many populations. It is constantly evolving and 10 genotypic strains have been identified with varying prevalences in different geographic regions. Numerous stable mutations in the core gene and in the surface gene of the HBV have also been identified in untreated HBV populations. The genotypes and viral variants have been associated with certain clinical features of HBV related liver disease and Hepatocellular carcinoma. For example Genotype C is associated with later hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, and more advanced liver disease. Genotype A is associated with a greater risk of progression to chronicity in adult acquired HBV infections. Genotype D is particularly associated with the precore mutation and HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The genotypes prevalent in parts of West Africa, Central and South America, E, F and H respectively, are less well studied. Viral variants especially the Basal Core Promotor mutation is associated with increased risk of fibrosis and cancer of the liver. Although not currently part of routine clinical care, evaluation of genotype and viral variants may provide useful adjunctive information in predicting risk about liver related morbidity in patients with CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Mn Croagh
- Catherine MN Croagh, Paul V Desmond, Sally J Bell, Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Paul V Desmond
- Catherine MN Croagh, Paul V Desmond, Sally J Bell, Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Sally J Bell
- Catherine MN Croagh, Paul V Desmond, Sally J Bell, Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
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Kim BK, Revill PA, Ahn SH. HBV genotypes: relevance to natural history, pathogenesis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Antivir Ther 2012; 16:1169-86. [PMID: 22155900 DOI: 10.3851/imp1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although chronic HBV infection is the leading cause of chronic liver disease and death worldwide, there are substantial differences in its clinical courses regarding prevalence, mode of transmission, characteristics of each phase, responses to antiviral therapy, and development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, according to geographical areas (Asia versus Western Europe and North America versus Africa). Furthermore, the clinical course in infected individuals depends on a complex interplay among various factors including viral, host, environmental and other factors. Recently, understanding of molecular characteristics of the prevailing HBV genotypes, frequently accompanied mutations and their clinical implications might explain these geographical differences more pertinently. Hence, in this article, we review the global epidemiology and the natural history of HBV infection, with emphasis on summarizing the different HBV genotypes according to regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Teshale EH, Ramachandran S, Xia GL, Roberts H, Groeger J, Barry V, Hu DJ, Holmberg SD, Holtzman D, Ward JW, Teo CG, Khudyakov Y. Genotypic distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among acute cases of HBV infection, selected United States counties, 1999-2005. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53:751-6. [PMID: 21860013 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the genotypic distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) facilitates epidemiologic tracking and surveillance of HBV infection as well as prediction of its disease burden. In the United States, HBV genotyping studies have been conducted for chronic but not acute hepatitis B. METHODS Serum samples were collected from patients with acute hepatitis B cases reported from the 6 counties that participated in the Sentinel Counties Study of Acute Viral Hepatitis from 1999 through 2005. Polymerase chain reaction followed by nucleotide sequencing of a 435-base pair segment of the HBV S gene was performed, and the sequences were phylogenetically analyzed. RESULTS Of 614 patients identified with available serum samples, 75% were infected with genotype A HBV and 18% were infected with genotype D HBV. Thirty-two percent of genotype A sequences constituted a single subgenotype A2 cluster. The odds of infection with genotype A (vs with genotype D) were 5 times greater among black individuals than among Hispanic individuals (odds ratio [OR], 5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-10.7). The odds of infection with genotype A were 49, 8, and 4 times greater among patients from Jefferson County (Alabama), Pinellas County (Florida), and San Francisco (California), respectively, than among those living in Denver County (Colorado). Genotype A was less common among recent injection drug users than it was among non-injection drug users (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.4). CONCLUSIONS HBV genotype distribution was significantly associated with ethnicity, place of residence, and risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyasu H Teshale
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, TB and STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Yeung P, Wong DKH, Lai CL, Fung J, Seto WK, Yuen MF. Profile of pre-S deletions in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B infection. J Med Virol 2011; 82:1843-9. [PMID: 20872710 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It have been suggested that hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S deletions may play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of pre-S deletions in chronic hepatitis B patients in Hong Kong, the factors associated with the deletions and its relationship with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion. HBV pre-S deletions were determined by nucleotide sequence analysis in 178 patients with chronic HBV (cross-sectional study). Eighty-four patients had paired samples before and after HBeAg seroconversion (longitudinal study). The prevalence of pre-S deletions was 12.9% (23/178). A majority of the pre-S deletions (73.9%) occurred in the 5' terminus of pre-S2 region whereas deletions in the pre-S1 region appeared less frequently (47.8%). There was no relationship between age and pre-S deletions. Male gender [odds ratio (OR) =10.88; 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.37-86.52; P=0.024] and HBV genotype C (OR=13.85; 95% CI=3.05-62.92; P=0.001) were independent factors associated with pre-S deletions. Only 17 out of the 84 patients with paired samples before and after HBeAg seroconversion had pre-S deletions. The patterns of pre-S deletions before and after HBeAg seroconversion were variable. Compared with genotype B, HBV genotype C was associated with earlier emergence of pre-S deletions. In conclusion, 12.9% of chronic HBV carriers had pre-S deletions (predominantly pre-S2 deletions) in a geographical area highly endemic for chronic hepatitis B. Male gender and HBV genotype C were associated independently with the development of pre-S deletion mutations. There was no clear relationship between HBeAg seroconversion and pre-S deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pok Yeung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Gous N, Bhimma R, Kew M, Kramvis A. Retrospective characterization of the S open reading frame of HBV isolated from children with membranous nephropathy treated with interferon-alpha2b. Antivir Ther 2010; 15:61-9. [PMID: 20167992 DOI: 10.3851/imp1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A causal relationship exists between HBV infection and membranous nephropathy. The association is especially close in Black children in sub-Saharan Africa. Interferon-alpha2b is commonly used to treat this condition, but is effective in only 30-40% of patients. The reason for the poor response is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine if mutations in the surface gene of HBV isolated from Black children with HBV-associated membranous nephropathy before, during and after interferon treatment, have any effect on treatment response and vice versa. METHODS HBV DNA was extracted from a responder, a reverter and a non-responder before and after initiation of 16 weeks of interferon-alpha2b treatment. The preS1/preS2/S region was amplified, cloned and sequenced. RESULTS The preS2 region was the most variable in the reverter and the non-responder, and the S region was the most variable in the non-responder. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the viral population dynamics between the responder and the reverter/non-responder strains differed as a result of mutations in the surface gene. CONCLUSIONS The presence of mutations in the S region of HBV could be used as predictive markers to differentiate interferon-alpha2b responders from non-responders provided that detailed analysis of further genomes confirms our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Gous
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Programme (formerly MRC/CANSA/University Molecular Hepatology Research Unit), Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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