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Imraish A, Abu Thiab T, Alsalem M, Dahbour S, khleif H, Abu-Irmaileh B, Qasem R, El-Salem K. The neuroprotective effect of human primary astrocytes in multiple sclerosis: In vitro model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300203. [PMID: 38564643 PMCID: PMC10987000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies highlighted the role of astrocytes in neuroinflammatory diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis, interacting closely with other CNS components but also with the immune cells. However, due to the difficulty in obtaining human astrocytes, their role in these pathologies is still unclear. In this study we develop an astrocyte in vitro model to evaluate their role in multiple sclerosis after being treated with CSF isolated from both healthy and MS diagnosed patients. Gene expression and ELISA assays reveal that several pro-inflammatory markers IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, were significantly downregulated in astrocytes treated with MS-CSF. In contrast, neurotrophic survival, and growth factors, and GFAP, BDNF, GDNF and VEGF, were markedly elevated upon the same treatment. In summary, this study supports the notion of the astrocyte involvement in MS. The results reveal the neuroprotective role of astrocyte in MS pathogenicity by suppressing excessive inflammation and increasing the expression of tropic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Imraish
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tuqa Abu Thiab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alsalem
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Saeed Dahbour
- Department of Neurology, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hiba khleif
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Raneen Qasem
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khalid El-Salem
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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2
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Oertel FC, Hastermann M, Paul F. Delimiting MOGAD as a disease entity using translational imaging. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1216477. [PMID: 38333186 PMCID: PMC10851159 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1216477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The first formal consensus diagnostic criteria for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) were recently proposed. Yet, the distinction of MOGAD-defining characteristics from characteristics of its important differential diagnoses such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is still obstructed. In preclinical research, MOG antibody-based animal models were used for decades to derive knowledge about MS. In clinical research, people with MOGAD have been combined into cohorts with other diagnoses. Thus, it remains unclear to which extent the generated knowledge is specifically applicable to MOGAD. Translational research can contribute to identifying MOGAD characteristic features by establishing imaging methods and outcome parameters on proven pathophysiological grounds. This article reviews suitable animal models for translational MOGAD research and the current state and prospect of translational imaging in MOGAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Cosima Oertel
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Hastermann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis-Essential Constituents with Diverse Multifaceted Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115904. [PMID: 34072790 PMCID: PMC8198285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), astrocytes respond to the inflammatory stimulation with an early robust process of morphological, transcriptional, biochemical, and functional remodeling. Recent studies utilizing novel technologies in samples from MS patients, and in an animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), exposed the detrimental and the beneficial, in part contradictory, functions of this heterogeneous cell population. In this review, we summarize the various roles of astrocytes in recruiting immune cells to lesion sites, engendering the inflammatory loop, and inflicting tissue damage. The roles of astrocytes in suppressing excessive inflammation and promoting neuroprotection and repair processes is also discussed. The pivotal roles played by astrocytes make them an attractive therapeutic target. Improved understanding of astrocyte function and diversity, and the mechanisms by which they are regulated may lead to the development of novel approaches to selectively block astrocytic detrimental responses and/or enhance their protective properties.
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The survival and function of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells are negatively controlled by SLAMF5. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1893. [PMID: 33767202 PMCID: PMC7994628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells have essential functions in multiple sclerosis and in its mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, both as drivers and suppressors of the disease. The suppressive effects are driven by a regulatory B cell (Breg) population that functions, primarily but not exclusively, via the production of IL-10. However, the mechanisms modulating IL-10-producing Breg abundance are poorly understood. Here we identify SLAMF5 for controlling IL-10+ Breg maintenance and function. In EAE, the deficiency of SLAMF5 in B cells causes accumulation of IL10+ Bregs in the central nervous system and periphery. Blocking SLAMF5 in vitro induces both human and mouse IL-10-producing Breg cells and increases their survival with a concomitant increase of a transcription factor, c-Maf. Finally, in vivo SLAMF5 blocking in EAE elevates IL-10+ Breg levels and ameliorates disease severity. Our results suggest that SLAMF5 is a negative moderator of IL-10+ Breg cells, and may serve as a therapeutic target in MS and other autoimmune diseases. Regulatory B (Breg) cells suppress excessive inflammation primary via the production of interleukin 10 (IL-10). Here the authors show that the function and homeostasis of mouse and human IL-10+ Breg cells are negatively regulated by the cell surface receptor, SLAMF5, to impact experimental autoimmunity, thereby hinting SLAMF5 as a potential target for immunotherapy.
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Sands RW, Tabansky I, Verbeke CS, Keskin D, Michel S, Stern J, Mooney DJ. Steroid-Peptide Immunoconjugates for Attenuating T Cell Responses in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2779-2788. [PMID: 33284575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diseases of immunity, including autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, transplantation graft rejection, allergy, and asthma, are prevalent and increasing in prevalence. They contribute to significant morbidity and mortality; however, few if any curative therapies exist, and those that are available lack either potency or specificity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are sentinels of the immune system that connect the innate and adaptive immune system and are critical regulators of both immunity and tolerance. We posited that the tolerogenic potential of DC could be harnessed to develop more specific and potent therapies for diseases of immunity by delivering autoantigen to a sufficient number of tolerogenic DCs in situ that could then inhibit pathogenic effector T cell responses. Specifically, we hypothesized that the steroid dexamethasone covalently coupled to a peptide antigen could be processed by DCs, induce tolerogenic DCs, and attenuate antigen-specific pathogenic T cell responses. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized a series of dexamethasone-peptide immunoconjugates by standard solid-phase peptide synthesis. The antigenic portion of the immunoconjugate could be presented by DCs, and the immunoconjugate induced a tolerogenic phenotype in DCs that then inhibited antigen-specific T cell proliferation in vitro. When the immunoconjugate was administered prophylactically in the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis, disease was attenuated compared to dexamethasone and peptide delivered as uncoupled components. Together, this work demonstrates the utility of immunoconjugates for inducing tolerance while establishing the foundation for future studies exploring methods to enrich and target DCs for tolerogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Warren Sands
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Wyss Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Inna Tabansky
- Department of Autoimmunity, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York 11030, United States.,Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Catia S Verbeke
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Wyss Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Derin Keskin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,The Translational Immunogenomics Lab (TIGL), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Samuel Michel
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States.,Surgical Associates P.L.L.C., Olympia, Washington 98506, United States
| | - Joel Stern
- Department of Autoimmunity, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York 11030, United States.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The Departments of Neurology, Surgery, Molecular Medicine, and Science Education, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York 11549, United States
| | - David J Mooney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Wyss Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Aharoni R, Globerman R, Eilam R, Brenner O, Arnon R. Titration of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) - Induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 351:108999. [PMID: 33189793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide 35-55, is a widely used multiple sclerosis (MS) model. Unlike the spontaneous occurrence of MS, in EAE, external immunization with the MOG peptide (200-300 µg/mouse), emulsified in adjuvant enriched with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MT) H37Ra (100-500 µg mouse), and pertussis toxin (PTx, 200-500 ng/mouse) injections, are applied, which heavily boosts the immune system. NEW METHOD A detailed and systematic titration of the MOG 35-55 EAE induction protocol in C57BL/6 mice reveals the minimal doses of the MOG 35-55 peptide, MT H37Ra, and PTx, required for disease manifestation. RESULTS The amounts of MOG 35-55 peptide, MT H37Ra, and PTx can be drastically reduced from the standard protocol, to level of 5 µg MOG, 25 µg MT H37Ra, and 50 ng PTx, without affecting the clinical manifestations. The titrated protocols induced a high disease incidence and a consistent robust disease course, with full histopathological characteristics of the MOG model, inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Similar disease incidences, day of symptoms appearance, maximal clinical score, and histopathology were obtained for the standard and the titrated protocols. CONCLUSIONS Reducing the reagent dosages used for EAE induction, without attenuating the disease, can give a truer and less artificial perspective of MS. We propose an improved protocol for this extensively used model, with high disease incidence, a consistent robust course, and characteristic histological manifestations, which may be more sensitive for testing therapeutic modalities, cost-effective, and less distressing to the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Aharoni
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Renana Globerman
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ruth Arnon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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7
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Aharoni R, Schottlender N, Bar-Lev DD, Eilam R, Sela M, Tsoory M, Arnon R. Cognitive impairment in an animal model of multiple sclerosis and its amelioration by glatiramer acetate. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4140. [PMID: 30858445 PMCID: PMC6412002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe motor impairment in the MS animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) obstructs the assessment of cognitive functions. We developed an experimental system that evaluates memory faculties in EAE-affected mice, irrespective of their motor performance, enabling the assessment of cognitive impairments along the disease duration, the associated brain damage, and the consequences of glatiramer acetate (GA) treatment on these manifestations. The delayed-non-matching to sample (DNMS) T-maze task, testing working and long term memory was adapted and utilized. Following the appearance of clinical manifestations task performances of the EAE-untreated mice drastically declined. Cognitive impairments were associated with disease severity, as indicated by a significant correlation between the T-maze performance and the clinical symptoms in EAE-untreated mice. GA-treatment conserved cognitive functions, so that despite their exhibited mild motor impairments, the treated mice performed similarly to naïve controls. The cognitive deficit of EAE-mice coincided with inflammatory and neurodegenerative damage to the frontal cortex and the hippocampus; these damages were alleviated by GA-treatment. These combined findings indicate that in addition to motor impairment, EAE leads to substantial impairment of cognitive functions, starting at the early stages and increasing with disease aggravation. GA-treatment, conserves cognitive capacities and prevents its disease related deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Aharoni
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel.
| | - Nofar Schottlender
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Dekel D Bar-Lev
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Michael Sela
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Ruth Arnon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel.
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Eilam R, Segal M, Malach R, Sela M, Arnon R, Aharoni R. Astrocyte disruption of neurovascular communication is linked to cortical damage in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Glia 2018; 66:1098-1117. [PMID: 29424049 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate mechanisms contributing to cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS), we investigated neurovascular aberrations, in particular the association of astrocytes with cortical neurons and blood vessels, in mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction was evident by leakage of the tracer sodium fluorescein, along with reduced expression of claudin-5 by endothelial cells and desmin by pericytes. Immunohistological and ultrastructural analyses revealed detachment of the astroglial cell bodies from the blood vessels and loss of their connections with both the blood vessels and the neuronal synapses. Furthermore, examination of individual astrocytic processes at cortical layer IV, where well-defined neuronal columns (barrels) are linked to functional properties, revealed loss of astrocytic confinement to the functional neuronal boundaries. Thus, in contrast to the highly modulated patches of astrocyte processes in naïve mice overlapping the barrel cores, in EAE-mice process distribution was uniform ignoring the barrel boundaries. These aberrations are attributed to the surrounding inflammation, indicated by T-cells presence in the cortex as well as in the subcortical white matter and the meninges. Immunomodulatory treatment with glatiramer acetate partially abrogated the neurovascular damage. These combined findings indicate that under inflammatory conditions, activated perivascular astrocytes fail in neuro-hemodynamic coupling, resulting in obstructed cross-talk between the blood vessels and the neurons. We propose that loss of cortical astrocytic regulation and fine-tuning between the blood supply and the neuronal needs contributes to the neurological impairment and cognitive decline occurring in EAE/MS as well as to the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Menahem Segal
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Rafael Malach
- Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Michael Sela
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Ruth Arnon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Rina Aharoni
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
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Differential contribution of microglia and monocytes in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:809-826. [PMID: 29063348 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Microglia, the innate immune cells of the CNS, are the first to react to pathological insults. However, multiple studies have also demonstrated an involvement of peripheral monocytes in several neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the different origins of these two cell types, it is important to distinguish their role and function in the development and progression of these diseases. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the differential contributions of microglia and monocytes in the common neurodegenerative diseases AD, PD, and ALS, as well as multiple sclerosis, which is now regarded as a combination of inflammatory processes and neurodegeneration. Until recently, it has been challenging to differentiate microglia from monocytes, as there were no specific markers. Therefore, the recent identification of specific molecular signatures of both cell types will help to advance our understanding of their differential contribution in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Walvoort MTC, Testa C, Eilam R, Aharoni R, Nuti F, Rossi G, Real-Fernandez F, Lanzillo R, Brescia Morra V, Lolli F, Rovero P, Imperiali B, Papini AM. Antibodies from multiple sclerosis patients preferentially recognize hyperglucosylated adhesin of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39430. [PMID: 28008952 PMCID: PMC5180199 DOI: 10.1038/srep39430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In autoimmune diseases, there have been proposals that exogenous “molecular triggers”, i.e., specific ‘non-self antigens’ accompanying infectious agents, might disrupt control of the adaptive immune system resulting in serious pathologies. The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear. However, epidemiologic data suggest that exposure to infectious agents may be associated with increased MS risk and progression may be linked to exogenous, bacterially-derived, antigenic molecules, mimicking mammalian cell surface glycoconjugates triggering autoimmune responses. Previously, antibodies specific to a gluco-asparagine (N-Glc) glycopeptide, CSF114(N-Glc), were identified in sera of an MS patient subpopulation. Since the human glycoproteome repertoire lacks this uniquely modified amino acid, we turned our attention to bacteria, i.e., Haemophilus influenzae, expressing cell-surface adhesins including N-Glc, to establish a connection between H. influenzae infection and MS. We exploited the biosynthetic machinery from the opportunistic pathogen H. influenzae (and the homologous enzymes from A. pleuropneumoniae) to produce a unique set of defined glucosylated adhesin proteins. Interestingly we revealed that a hyperglucosylated protein domain, based on the cell-surface adhesin HMW1A, is preferentially recognized by antibodies from sera of an MS patient subpopulation. In conclusion the hyperglucosylated adhesin is the first example of an N-glucosylated native antigen that can be considered a relevant candidate for triggering pathogenic antibodies in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe T. C. Walvoort
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chiara Testa
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Rina Aharoni
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Francesca Nuti
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giada Rossi
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Feliciana Real-Fernandez
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia Morra
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Lolli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- French-Italian Interdepartmental Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- PeptLab@UCP and Laboratory of Chemical Biology EA4505, Université Paris-Seine, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, France
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11
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Ganina KK, Dugina YL, Zhavbert KS, Ertuzun IA, Epshtein OI, Abdurasulova IN. Release-Active Antibodies to S100 Protein Can Correct the Course of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-016-0380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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12
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Borjini N, Fernández M, Giardino L, Calzà L. Cytokine and chemokine alterations in tissue, CSF, and plasma in early presymptomatic phase of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), in a rat model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:291. [PMID: 27846891 PMCID: PMC5111339 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used experimental animal model for human multiple sclerosis (MS) that has been used so far to study the acute and remission-relapsing phases of the disease. Despite the vast literature on neuroinflammation onset and progression in EAE, important questions are still open regarding in particular the early asymptomatic phase between immunization and clinical onset. METHODS In this study, we performed a time-course investigation of neuroinflammation and demyelination biomarkers in the spinal cord (SC), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood in EAE induced in dark agouti (DA) female rats compared to the controls and adjuvant-injected rats, using high-throughput technologies for gene expression and protein assays and focusing on the time-course between immunization, clinical onset (1, 5, 8 days post-immunization (DPI)), and progression (11 and 18 DPI). The expression profile of 84 genes related to T cell activation/signaling, adaptive immunity, cytokine/chemokine inflammation, demyelination, and cellular stress were analyzed in the tissue; 24 cytokines were measured in the CSF and plasma. RESULTS The macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) was the first up-regulated protein as far as 1 DPI, not only in blood but also in CSF and SC. A treatment with GW2580, a selective CSF1R inhibitor, slowed the disease progression, significantly reduced the severity, and prevented the relapse phase. Moreover, both pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-5, IL-10, VEGF) were up-regulated starting from 8 DPI. Myelin genes were down-regulated starting from 8 DPI, especially MAL, MBP, and PMP22 while an opposite expression profile was observed for inflammation-related genes, such as CXCL11 and CXCL10. CONCLUSIONS This early cytokine and chemokine regulation indicates that novel biomarkers and therapeutic options could be explored in the asymptomatic phase of EAE. Overall, our findings provide clear evidence that CSF1R signaling regulates inflammation in EAE, supporting therapeutic targeting of CSF1R in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozha Borjini
- Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via Palermo 26/A, Parma, 43100 Italy
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Bologna, Ozzano Emilia I 40064 Italy
- IRET Foundation, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064 Italy
| | - Mercedes Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064 Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Bologna, Ozzano Emilia I 40064 Italy
- IRET Foundation, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064 Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, BO 40064 Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Bologna, Ozzano Emilia I 40064 Italy
- IRET Foundation, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064 Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Bologna, Ozzano Emilia 40064 Italy
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13
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Novel immunoregulatory role of perforin-positive dendritic cells. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 39:121-133. [PMID: 27577575 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The recently described generation of a highly defined population of dendritic cells which express perforin and granzyme A (termed "perf-DCs") and their ability to selectively delete cognate CD8+ T cell has raised the possibility that these cells play a role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Using bone marrow transplantation, we generated mice selectively lacking perforin expressing dendritic cells. These mice progressively gain weight and exhibit features resembling metabolic syndrome as well as an enhanced susceptibility to autoimmunity induction. Interestingly, these pathological phenotypes were reversed upon treatment with CD4/CD8 neutralizing antibodies. Thus, it appears that this rare subpopulation of dendritic cells (perf-DCs) displays a major regulatory role in adipose tissue inflammatory processes and in autoimmunity.
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14
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Aharoni R. Remyelination in multiple sclerosis: realizing a long-standing challenge. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:1369-72. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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15
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Zlotnikov-Klionsky Y, Nathansohn-Levi B, Shezen E, Rosen C, Kagan S, Bar-On L, Jung S, Shifrut E, Reich-Zeliger S, Friedman N, Aharoni R, Arnon R, Yifa O, Aronovich A, Reisner Y. Perforin-Positive Dendritic Cells Exhibit an Immuno-regulatory Role in Metabolic Syndrome and Autoimmunity. Immunity 2015; 43:776-87. [PMID: 26384546 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that immunological mechanisms underlie metabolic control of adipose tissue. Here, we have shown the regulatory impact of a rare subpopulation of dendritic cells, rich in perforin-containing granules (perf-DCs). Using bone marrow transplantation to generate animals selectively lacking perf-DCs, we found that these chimeras progressively gained weight and exhibited features of metabolic syndrome. This phenotype was associated with an altered repertoire of T cells residing in adipose tissue and could be completely prevented by T cell depletion in vivo. A similar impact of perf-DCs on inflammatory T cells was also found in a well-defined model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephlalomyelitis (EAE). Thus, perf-DCs probably represent a regulatory cell subpopulation critical for protection from metabolic syndrome and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bar Nathansohn-Levi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elias Shezen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Chava Rosen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sivan Kagan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Liat Bar-On
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eric Shifrut
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shlomit Reich-Zeliger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rina Aharoni
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ruth Arnon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oren Yifa
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anna Aronovich
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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16
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Ganina KK, Dugina YL, Zhavbert ES, Ertuzun IA, Epstein OI, Abdurasulova IN. [Release-active antibodies to S100 protein are able to improve the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:78-82. [PMID: 26356401 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20151156178-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To reveal the effects of release-active antibodies to S100 protein in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty female Wistar rats, aged 12 weeks, were included in the study. The pathology was induced by subcutaneous injection of the spinal cord homogenate. Afterwards the rats received a water solution of release-active antibodies to S100 protein (2,5 ml/kg/day, tenoten) or distilled water intragastrically during 30 days. Intramuscular injections of glatiramer acetate (4 mg/kg/day, copaxone) were used as a positive control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Release-active antibodies to S100 protein enhanced the latency period of the disease, reduced its peak intensity and compensated the loss of body weight of the animals. The experimental drug effect was similar to the results of copaxone injections.
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17
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Benson C, Paylor JW, Tenorio G, Winship I, Baker G, Kerr BJ. Voluntary wheel running delays disease onset and reduces pain hypersensitivity in early experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Exp Neurol 2015; 271:279-90. [PMID: 26033473 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is classically defined by motor deficits, but it is also associated with the secondary symptoms of pain, depression, and anxiety. Up to this point modifying these secondary symptoms has been difficult. There is evidence that both MS and the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), commonly used to study the pathophysiology of the disease, can be modulated by exercise. To examine whether limited voluntary wheel running could modulate EAE disease progression and the co-morbid symptoms of pain, mice with EAE were allowed access to running wheels for 1h every day. Allowing only 1h every day of voluntary running led to a significant delay in the onset of clinical signs of the disease. The development of mechanical allodynia was assessed using Von Frey hairs and indicated that wheel running had a modest positive effect on the pain hypersensitivity associated with EAE. These behavioral changes were associated with reduced numbers of cFOS and phosphorylated NR1 positive cells in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord compared to no-run EAE controls. In addition, within the dorsal horn, voluntary wheel running reduced the number of infiltrating CD3(+) T-cells and reduced the overall levels of Iba1 immunoreactivity. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we observed that wheel-running lead to significant changes in the spinal cord levels of the antioxidant glutathione. Oxidative stress has separately been shown to contribute to EAE disease progression and neuropathic pain. Together these results indicate that in mice with EAE, voluntary motor activity can delay the onset of clinical signs and reduce pain symptoms associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Benson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - John W Paylor
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Gustavo Tenorio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Ian Winship
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Glen Baker
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Bradley J Kerr
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2H7, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.
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18
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From R, Eilam R, Bar-Lev DD, Levin-Zaidman S, Tsoory M, LoPresti P, Sela M, Arnon R, Aharoni R. Oligodendrogenesis and myelinogenesis during postnatal development effect of glatiramer acetate. Glia 2014; 62:649-65. [PMID: 24481644 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Myelinogenesis in the mammal nervous system occurs predominantly postnatally. Glatiramer acetate (GA), a drug for the treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), has been shown to induce immunomodulation and neuroprotection in the inflamed CNS in MS and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here we investigated whether GA can affect myelinogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in the developing nervous system under nonpathological conditions. Towards this end we studied myelination in mice injected daily by GA, at postnatal Days 7-21. Immunohistological and ultrastructural analyses revealed significant elevation in the number of myelinated axons as well as in the thickness of the myelin encircling them and their resulting g-ratios, in spinal cords of GA-injected mice compared with their PBS-injected littermates, at postnatal Day 14. Elevation in myelinated axons was detected also in the peripheral ventral roots of the motor nerves. GA induced also an increase in axonal diameter, implying an effect on the overall development of the nervous system. A prominent elevation in the amount of progenitor oligodendrocytes and their BrdU incorporation, as well as in mature oligodendrocytes indicated that the effect of GA is linked to increased proliferation and differentiation along the oligodendroglial maturation cascade. In addition, elevation in insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was found in the white matter of the GA-injected mice. Furthermore, a functional advantage in rotating rod test was exhibited by GA-injected mice over their littermates at postnatal Day 21. These cumulative findings corroborate the beneficial effect of GA on oligodendrogenesis and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renana From
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 76100
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