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Bachar-Lustig E, Lask A, Eidelstein Y, Or-Geva N, Gidron-Budovsky R, Nathansohn-Levy B, Eyrich M, Liu WH, Dang G, Miranda KC, Ramirez A, Kaur I, Rezvani K, Shpall E, Champlin RE, Nagler A, Shimoni A, Barnees-Kagan S, Reisner Y. Generation of Non-Alloreactive Antiviral Central Memory CD8 Human Veto T Cells for Cell Therapy. Transplant Cell Ther 2024; 30:71.e1-71.e13. [PMID: 37890590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies in mice demonstrated that CD8 T cells exhibit marked veto activity enhancing engraftment in several models for T cell-depleted bone marrow (TDBM) allografting. To reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) associated with allogeneic CD8 veto T cells, these studies made use of naive CD8 T cells stimulated against third-party stimulators under cytokine deprivation and subsequent expansion in the presence of IL-15. More recently, it was shown that mouse CD8 veto T cells can be generated by stimulating CD8 memory T cells from ovalbumin immunized mice under cytokine deprivation, using ovalbumin as a third-party antigen. These cells also exhibited substantial enhancement of BM allografting without GVHD. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that stimulation and expansion of human CD8 memory T cells under IL-15 and IL-7 deprivation during the early phase of activation against recall viral antigens can lead to substantial loss of alloreactive T clones while retaining marked veto activity. Memory CD8 T cells were enriched by removal of CD45RA+, CD4+, and CD56+ cells from peripheral blood of cytomegalovirus (CMV)- and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive donors. In parallel, CD14+ monocytes were isolated; differentiated into mature dendritic cells (mDCs); pulsed with a library of CMV, EBV, adenovirus, and BK virus peptides; and irradiated. The CD8 T cell-enriched fraction was then cultured with the pulsed mDCs in the presence of IL-21 for 3 days, after which IL-15 and IL-7 were added. After 12 days of culture, the cells were tested by limiting dilution analysis for the frequency of alloreactive T cell clones and their veto activity. In preclinical runs using GMP reagents, we established that within 12 days of culture, a large number of highly homogenous CD8 T cells, predominantly expressing a central memory phenotype, could be harvested. These cells exhibited marked veto activity in vitro and >3-log depletion of alloreactivity. Based on these preclinical data, a phase 1-2 clinical trial was initiated to test the safety and efficacy of these antiviral CD8 central memory veto cells in the context of nonmyeloablative (NMA) T cell-depleted haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In 2 validation runs and 11 clinical runs using GMP reagents, >1 × 1010 cells were generated from a single leukapheresis in 12 out of 13 experiments. At the end of 12 days of culture, there were 97 ± 2.5% CD3+CD8+ T cells, of which 84 ± 9.0% (range, 71.5% to 95.1%) exhibited the CD45RO+CD62L+ CM phenotype. Antiviral activity tested by intracellular expression of INF-γ and TNF-α and showed an average of 38.8 ± 19.6% positive cells on 6 hours of stimulation against the viral peptide mixture. Our results demonstrate a novel approach for depleting alloreactive T cell clones from preparations of antiviral CD8 veto cells. Based on these results, a phase 1-2 clinical trial is currently in progress to test the safety and efficacy of these veto cells in the context of NMA haploidentical T cell-depleted HSCT. Studies testing the hypothesis that these non-alloreactive CD8 T cells could potentially offer a platform for off-the-shelf veto chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in allogenic recipients, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bachar-Lustig
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Assaf Lask
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaki Eidelstein
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noga Or-Geva
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Matthias Eyrich
- Children's Department of Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University, Hospital Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Wei-Hsin Liu
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Giang Dang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Karla Castro Miranda
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alejandro Ramirez
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Indreshpal Kaur
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Shpall
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard E Champlin
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Avichai Shimoni
- Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas Scholars in Cancer Research, Houston, Texas.
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2
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Sidlik Muskatel R, Nathansohn-Levi B, Reich-Zeliger S, Mark M, Stoler-Barak L, Rosen C, Milman-Krentsis I, Bachar Lustig E, Pete Gale R, Friedman N, Reisner Y. Correction of T-Cell Repertoire and Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice by Non-myeloablative T-Cell Depleted Allogeneic HSCT. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:281-292. [PMID: 37184893 PMCID: PMC10184699 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of partial tolerance toward pancreatic autoantigens in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can be attained by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, most patients treated by autologous HSCT eventually relapse. Furthermore, allogeneic HSCT which could potentially provide a durable non-autoimmune T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is associated with a substantial risk for transplant-related mortality. We have previously demonstrated an effective approach for attaining engraftment without graft versus host disease (GVHD) of allogeneic T-cell depleted HSCT, following non-myeloablative conditioning, using donor-derived anti-3rd party central memory CD8 veto T cells (Tcm). In the present study, we investigated the ability of this relatively safe transplant modality to eliminate autoimmune T-cell clones in the NOD mouse model which spontaneously develop T1DM. Our results demonstrate that using this approach, marked durable chimerism is attained, without any transplant-related mortality, and with a very high rate of diabetes prevention. TCR sequencing of transplanted mice showed profound changes in the T-cell repertoire and decrease in the prevalence of specific autoimmune T-cell clones directed against pancreatic antigens. This approach could be considered as strategy to treat people destined to develop T1DM but with residual beta cell function, or as a platform for prevention of beta cell destruction after transplantation of allogenic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakefet Sidlik Muskatel
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Michal Mark
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liat Stoler-Barak
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chava Rosen
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Irit Milman-Krentsis
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Esther Bachar Lustig
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Pete Gale
- Haematology Research Centre, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- CPRIT Scholar in Cancer Research, Austin, TX, USA
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3
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Milman Krentsis I, Orgad R, Zheng Y, Bachar Lustig E, Rosen C, Shezen E, Yadav S, Nathansohn Levi B, Assayag M, Berkman N, Karmouty Quintana H, Shoshan E, Blagdon C, Reisner Y. Lung Regeneration by Transplantation of Allogeneic Lung Progenitors Using a Safer Conditioning Regimen and Clinical-grade Reagents. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:178-188. [PMID: 35298657 PMCID: PMC8929438 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, several studies demonstrated the possibility of lung regeneration through transplantation of various lung progenitor populations. Recently, we showed in mice that fetal or adult lung progenitors could potentially provide donor cells for transplantation, provided that the lung stem cell niche in the recipient is vacated of endogenous lung progenitors by adequate conditioning. Accordingly, marked lung regeneration could be attained following i.v. infusion of a single cell suspension of lung cells into recipient mice conditioned with naphthalene (NA) and 6Gy total body irradiation (TBI). As clinical translation of this approach requires the use of allogenic donors, we more recently developed a novel transplantation modality based on co-infusion of hematopoietic and lung progenitors from the same donor. Thus, by virtue of hematopoietic chimerism, which leads to immune tolerance toward donor antigens, the lung progenitors can be successfully engrafted without any need for post-transplant immune suppression. In the present study, we demonstrate that it is possible to replace NA in the conditioning regimen with Cyclophosphamide (CY), approved for the treatment of many diseases and that a lower dose of 2 GY TBI can successfully enable engraftment of donor-derived hematopoietic and lung progenitors when CY is administered in 2 doses after the stem cell infusion. Taken together, our results suggest a feasible and relatively safe protocol that could potentially be translated to clinical transplantation of lung progenitors across major MHC barriers in patients with terminal lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yangxi Zheng
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Esther Bachar Lustig
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chava Rosen
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel,Department of Neonatology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tal-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Elias Shezen
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Miri Assayag
- Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Neville Berkman
- Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Harry Karmouty Quintana
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Einav Shoshan
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christa Blagdon
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yair Reisner
- Corresponding author: Yair Reisner, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Marcu A, Schlosser A, Keupp A, Trautwein N, Johann P, Wölfl M, Lager J, Monoranu CM, Walz JS, Henkel LM, Krauß J, Ebinger M, Schuhmann M, Thomale UW, Pietsch T, Klinker E, Schlegel PG, Oyen F, Reisner Y, Rammensee HG, Eyrich M. Natural and cryptic peptides dominate the immunopeptidome of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003404. [PMID: 34599019 PMCID: PMC8488729 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are highly aggressive CNS tumors of infancy and early childhood. Hallmark is the surprisingly simple genome with inactivating mutations or deletions in the SMARCB1 gene as the oncogenic driver. Nevertheless, AT/RTs are infiltrated by immune cells and even clonally expanded T cells. However, it is unclear which epitopes T cells might recognize on AT/RT cells. Methods Here, we report a comprehensive mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis of naturally presented human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II ligands on 23 AT/RTs. MS data were validated by matching with a human proteome dataset and exclusion of peptides that are part of the human benignome. Cryptic peptide ligands were identified using Peptide-PRISM. Results Comparative HLA ligandome analysis of the HLA ligandome revealed 55 class I and 139 class II tumor-exclusive peptides. No peptide originated from the SMARCB1 region. In addition, 61 HLA class I tumor-exclusive peptide sequences derived from non-canonically translated proteins. Combination of peptides from natural and cryptic class I and class II origin gave optimal representation of tumor cell compartments. Substantial overlap existed with the cryptic immunopeptidome of glioblastomas, but no concordance was found with extracranial tumors. More than 80% of AT/RT exclusive peptides were able to successfully prime CD8+ T cells, whereas naturally occurring memory responses in AT/RT patients could only be detected for class II epitopes. Interestingly, >50% of AT/RT exclusive class II ligands were also recognized by T cells from glioblastoma patients but not from healthy donors. Conclusions These findings highlight that AT/RTs, potentially paradigmatic for other pediatric tumors with a low mutational load, present a variety of highly immunogenic HLA class I and class II peptides from canonical as well as non-canonical protein sources. Inclusion of such cryptic peptides into therapeutic vaccines would enable an optimized mapping of the tumor cell surface, thereby reducing the likelihood of immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marcu
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | | | - Anne Keupp
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nico Trautwein
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Pascal Johann
- Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Augsburg, Germany.,DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wölfl
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Lager
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia Maria Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juliane S Walz
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases (RBCT), Stuttgart, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa M Henkel
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krauß
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ebinger
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuhmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Pietsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Erdwine Klinker
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul G Schlegel
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Oyen
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Eyrich
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Singh AK, Schetzen E, Yadav SK, Lustig EB, Liu WH, Yadav RK, Gale RP, McGinnis K, Reisner Y. Correction of murine sickle cell disease by allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation with anti-3rd party veto cells. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:1818-1827. [PMID: 33658643 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in gene therapy allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) remains the most effective way to cure sickle cell disease (SCD). However, there are substantial challenges including lack of suitable donors, therapy-related toxicity (TRM) and risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Perhaps the most critical question is when to do a transplant for SCD. Safer transplant protocols for HLA-disparate HSCT is needed before transplants are widely accepted for SCD. Although risk of GvHD and TRM are less with T-cell-deplete HSCT and reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC), transplant rejection is a challenge. We have reported graft rejection of T cell-depleted non-myeloablative HSCT can be overcome in wild type fully mis-matched recipient mice, using donor-derived anti-3rd party central memory CD8-positive veto cells combined with short-term low-dose rapamycin. Here, we report safety and efficacy of this approach in a murine model for SCD. Durable donor-derived chimerism was achieved using this strategy with reversal of pathological parameters of SCD, including complete conversion to normal donor-derived red cells, and correction of splenomegaly and the levels of circulating reticulocytes, hematocrit, and hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloukick Kumar Singh
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elias Schetzen
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar Yadav
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Esther Bachar Lustig
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Hsin Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kathryn McGinnis
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,CPRIT Scholar in Cancer Research, Houston, TX, USA.
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6
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Or-Geva N, Gidron-Budovsky R, Sidlik-Muskatel R, Singh AK, Reisner Y. Next-generation CD8 memory veto T cells directed against memory antigens. Leukemia 2019; 33:2737-2741. [PMID: 31189891 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noga Or-Geva
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. .,Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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7
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Abstract
Haploidentical donors are a readily available source for mismatched hematopoietic bone marrow transplantation. The application of this regimen is constantly increasing with the advent of methods that overcome T-cell alloreactions that occur due to human-leukocyte-antigen disparity between host and donor. One successful method to overcome both graft rejection and graft-vs-host disease is transplantation of large numbers T-cell-depleted (TCD) haploidentical stem cell grafts (haploSCT), after myeloablative conditioning. The success of stem cell dose escalation is attributed to a unique immunoregulatory cell-property, termed "veto-activity." However, engraftment of mismatched hematopoietic stem cells following reduced-intensity conditioning still represents a major challenge. Here, we describe how the addition of post-transplant high-dose cyclophosphamide can promote immune tolerance induction after megadose TCD haploSCT, following nonmyeloablative conditioning. We also discuss ways of harnessing the immune regulatory properties of adoptively transferred "veto" cells to support mixed chimerism further and confer tolerance to cell-therapies, such as CAR-T cells. These approaches will soon be tested in phase 1-2 clinical studies and may prove to be a safe and efficacious treatment for many disorders such as hemoglobinopathies, autoimmune diseases, and as a prelude for organ tolerance. Moreover, this approach could pave the way for "off-the-shelf" cell-therapy agents, making them cheaper and easily obtainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Reisner
- Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Noga Or-Geva
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Stanford, TX
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8
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Marcu A, Trautwein N, Stevanovic S, Johann P, Technau A, Lager J, Monoranu CM, Henkel L, Krauß J, Ebinger M, Schuhmann M, Thomale U, Pietsch T, Wölfl M, Schlegel PG, Frühwald M, Oyen F, Reisner Y, Rammensee HG, Eyrich M. IMMU-28. DECIPHERING THE AT/RT LIGANDOME. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marcu
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nico Trautwein
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Antje Technau
- Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Lager
- Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Henkel
- Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krauß
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ebinger
- Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuhmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Pietsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Wölfl
- Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Florian Oyen
- Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Eyrich
- Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Al Malki MM, Jones R, Ma Q, Lee D, Reisner Y, Miller JS, Lang P, Hongeng S, Hari P, Strober S, Yu J, Maziarz R, Mavilio D, Roy DC, Bonini C, Champlin RE, Fuchs EJ, Ciurea SO. Proceedings From the Fourth Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation Symposium (HAPLO2016), San Diego, California, December 1, 2016. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 24:895-908. [PMID: 29339270 PMCID: PMC7187910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The resurgence of haploidentical stem cell transplantation (HaploSCT) over the last decade is one of the most important advances in the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The modified platforms of T cell depletion either ex vivo (CD34+ cell selection, "megadoses" of purified CD34+ cells, or selective depletion of T cells) or newer platforms of in vivo depletion of T cells, with either post-transplantation high-dose cyclophosphamide or intensified immune suppression, have contributed to better outcomes, with survival similar to that in HLA-matched donor transplantation. Further efforts are underway to control viral reactivation using modified T cells, improve immunologic reconstitution, and decrease the relapse rate post-transplantation using donor-derived cellular therapy products, such as genetically modified donor lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Improvements in treatment-related mortality have allowed the extension of haploidentical donor transplants to patients with hemoglobinopathies, such as thalassemia and sickle cell disease, and the possible development of platforms for immunotherapy in solid tumors. Moreover, combining HSCT from a related donor with solid organ transplantation could allow early tapering of immunosuppression in recipients of solid organ transplants and hopefully prevent organ rejection in this setting. This symposium summarizes some of the most important recent advances in HaploSCT and provides a glimpse in the future of fast growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monzr M Al Malki
- Department of Hematology and HCT, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Richard Jones
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qing Ma
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dean Lee
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Peter Lang
- Department of General Paediatrics, Oncology/Haematology, Tübingen University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parameswaran Hari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Samuel Strober
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard Maziarz
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Denis-Claude Roy
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ephraim J Fuchs
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stefan O Ciurea
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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10
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Milman Krentsis I, Rosen C, Shezen E, Aronovich A, Nathanson B, Bachar-Lustig E, Berkman N, Assayag M, Shakhar G, Feferman T, Orgad R, Reisner Y. Lung Injury Repair by Transplantation of Adult Lung Cells Following Preconditioning of Recipient Mice. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 7:68-77. [PMID: 29266820 PMCID: PMC5746155 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair of injured lungs represents a longstanding therapeutic challenge. We recently demonstrated that human and mouse embryonic lung tissue from the canalicular stage of development are enriched with lung progenitors, and that a single cell suspension of canalicular lungs can be used for transplantation, provided that lung progenitor niches in the recipient mice are vacated by strategies similar to those used in bone marrow transplantation. Considering the ethical limitations associated with the use of fetal cells, we investigated here whether adult lungs could offer an alternative source of lung progenitors for transplantation. We show that intravenous infusion of a single cell suspension of adult mouse lungs from GFP+ donors, following conditioning of recipient mice with naphthalene and subsequent sublethal irradiation, led to marked colonization of the recipient lungs, at 6-8 weeks post-transplant, with donor derived structures including epithelial, endothelial, and mesenchymal cells. Epithelial cells within these donor-derived colonies expressed markers of functionally distinct lung cell types, and lung function, which is significantly compromised in mice treated with naphthalene and radiation, was found to be corrected following transplantation. Dose response analysis suggests that the frequency of patch forming cells in adult lungs was about threefold lower compared to that found in E16 fetal lungs. However, as adult lungs are much larger, the total number of patch forming cells that can be collected from this source is significantly greater. Our study provides proof of concept for lung regeneration by adult lung cells after preconditioning to vacate the pulmonary niche. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:68-77.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chava Rosen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elias Shezen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Aronovich
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bar Nathanson
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Neville Berkman
- Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miri Assayag
- Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Guy Shakhar
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Feferman
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ran Orgad
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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11
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Or-Geva N, Gidron-Budovsky R, Radomir L, Edelstein Y, Singh AK, Sidlik-Muskatel R, Ophir E, Bachar-Lustig E, Reisner Y. Towards 'off-the-shelf' genetically modified T cells: prolonging functional engraftment in mice by CD8 veto T cells. Leukemia 2017; 32:1039-1041. [PMID: 29151584 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Or-Geva
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - R Gidron-Budovsky
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - L Radomir
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Y Edelstein
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - R Sidlik-Muskatel
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E Ophir
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E Bachar-Lustig
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Y Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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12
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Reisner Y, O'Reilly R, Brochstein J, Collins N, Keever C, Kapoor N, Kirkpatrick D, Kernan N, Dupont B, Burns J. Evaluation of HLA-Haplotype Disparate Parental Marrow Grafts
Depleted of T Lymphocytes by Differential Agglutination with a
Soybean Lectin and E-Rosette Depletion for the Treatment of
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. Vox Sang 2017. [DOI: 10.1159/000461564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Orgad R, Nathansohn-Levi B, Kagan S, Zlotnikov Klionsky Y, Reisner Y. Erratum to: Novel immunoregulatory role of perforin-positive dendritic cells. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 39:135. [PMID: 27858143 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Orgad
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Sivan Kagan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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14
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Abstract
For patients with hematologic malignancies at high risk of relapse who do not have matched donors, a suitable alternative stem cell source is the HLA-haploidentical 2- or 3-loci mismatched family donor who is readily available for nearly all patients. Transplantation across the major HLA barrier is associated with strong T-cell alloreactions, which were originally manifested as a high incidence of severe GVHD and graft rejection. The present overview of the 7th symposium on haplidentical transplantation that took place at the Weizmann Institute on February 2014, shows how these obstacles to successful transplantation can now be overcome. The review also discusses the advantages and drawbacks of current options for full haplotype-mismatched transplantation and highlights innovative approaches for rebuilding immunity, reducing leukemia relapse and improving survival after transplantation. In addition, new modalities for immune tolerance induction following nonmyeloablative conditioning are discussed, showing new options for treatment of elderly patients who cannot tolerate myeloablative conditioning protocols, as well as novel strategies for immune tolerance and chimerism induction as a platform for cell therapy and organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - F Aversa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M F Martelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Hematology and BMT Unit, University of Parma, Italy
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15
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Martelli MF, Ianni MD, Ruggeri L, Falzetti F, Carotti A, Reisner Y, Velardi A. Next generation HLA-haploidentical HSCT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 50 Suppl 2:S63-6. [PMID: 26039211 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2015.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Relapse is still the major cause of failure of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in high-risk acute leukemia patients. Indeed, whoever the donor and whatever the transplantation strategy, post-transplant relapse rates are ~30%, which is hardly satisfactory. The present phase 2 study analyzed the impact of adoptive immunotherapy with naturally occurring FoxP3+ T-regulatory cells (2 × 10(6) per kg) and conventional T lymphocytes (1 × 10(6) per kg) on prevention of GvHD and leukemia relapse in 43 high-risk adults undergoing full-haplotype mismatched transplantation without any post-transplant immunosuppression. Ninety-five percent of patients achieved full-donor type engraftment. Only 6/41 patients (15%) developed ⩾ grade II acute GvHD. Specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) for opportunistic pathogens emerged significantly earlier than after standard T-cell-depleted haplo-transplantation. The probability of disease-free survival was 0.56. At a median follow-up of 46 months (range 18-65 months), only 2/41 evaluable patients have relapsed. The cumulative incidence of relapse was significantly lower than in historical controls (0.05 vs 0.21; P = 0.03). These results demonstrate that the immunosuppressive potential of Tregs can be used to suppress GvHD without loss of the benefits of GvL activity. Humanized murine models provided insights into the mechanisms underlying separation of GvL from GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Martelli
- Division of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M D Ianni
- 1] Division of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy [2] Hematology Section, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - L Ruggeri
- Division of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Falzetti
- Division of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Carotti
- Division of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Y Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Velardi
- Division of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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16
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Abstract
T-cell depletion (TCD) can prevent the onset of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in animal models of bone marrow transplantation; this manipulation enabled the successful application in the 1980s of T-cell depleted bone marrow (BM) for the treatment of babies with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). However, in leukaemia patients, implementation of T-cell depletion has been more difficult, especially due to high rate of graft-rejection, leukaemia relapse and delayed immune reconstitution. These hurdles were gradually overcome by modifying the cell composition of the graft, and by reducing the toxicities associated with conditioning protocols. Although no 'gold standard' TCD method exists, T-cell depletion in its modern forms could offer clinical benefit, even for patients with a matched sibling donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Or-Geva
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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17
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Zlotnikov-Klionsky Y, Nathansohn-Levi B, Shezen E, Rosen C, Kagan S, Bar-On L, Jung S, Shifrut E, Reich-Zeliger S, Friedman N, Aharoni R, Arnon R, Yifa O, Aronovich A, Reisner Y. Perforin-Positive Dendritic Cells Exhibit an Immuno-regulatory Role in Metabolic Syndrome and Autoimmunity. Immunity 2015; 43:776-87. [PMID: 26384546 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that immunological mechanisms underlie metabolic control of adipose tissue. Here, we have shown the regulatory impact of a rare subpopulation of dendritic cells, rich in perforin-containing granules (perf-DCs). Using bone marrow transplantation to generate animals selectively lacking perf-DCs, we found that these chimeras progressively gained weight and exhibited features of metabolic syndrome. This phenotype was associated with an altered repertoire of T cells residing in adipose tissue and could be completely prevented by T cell depletion in vivo. A similar impact of perf-DCs on inflammatory T cells was also found in a well-defined model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephlalomyelitis (EAE). Thus, perf-DCs probably represent a regulatory cell subpopulation critical for protection from metabolic syndrome and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bar Nathansohn-Levi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elias Shezen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Chava Rosen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sivan Kagan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Liat Bar-On
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eric Shifrut
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shlomit Reich-Zeliger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rina Aharoni
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ruth Arnon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oren Yifa
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anna Aronovich
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel St 1, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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18
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Or-Geva N, Reisner Y. Exercising ‘veto’ power to make haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation a safe modality for induction of immune tolerance. Regen Med 2015; 10:239-42. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noga Or-Geva
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann, Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7600, Israel
| | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann, Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7600, Israel
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19
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Stein ES, Itsekson-Hayosh Z, Aronovich A, Reisner Y, Bushi D, Pick CG, Tanne D, Chapman J, Vlachos A, Maggio N. Thrombin induces ischemic LTP (iLTP): implications for synaptic plasticity in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7912. [PMID: 25604482 PMCID: PMC4300504 DOI: 10.1038/srep07912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute brain ischemia modifies synaptic plasticity by inducing ischemic long-term potentiation (iLTP) of synaptic transmission through the activation of N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR). Thrombin, a blood coagulation factor, affects synaptic plasticity in an NMDAR dependent manner. Since its activity and concentration is increased in brain tissue upon acute stroke, we sought to clarify whether thrombin could mediate iLTP through the activation of its receptor Protease-Activated receptor 1 (PAR1). Extracellular recordings were obtained in CA1 region of hippocampal slices from C57BL/6 mice. In vitro ischemia was induced by acute (3 minutes) oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). A specific ex vivo enzymatic assay was employed to assess thrombin activity in hippocampal slices, while OGD-induced changes in prothrombin mRNA levels were assessed by (RT)qPCR. Upon OGD, thrombin activity increased in hippocampal slices. A robust potentiation of excitatory synaptic strength was detected, which occluded the ability to induce further LTP. Inhibition of either thrombin or its receptor PAR1 blocked iLTP and restored the physiological, stimulus induced LTP. Our study provides important insights on the early changes occurring at excitatory synapses after ischemia and indicates the thrombin/PAR1 pathway as a novel target for developing therapeutic strategies to restore synaptic function in the acute phase of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Shavit Stein
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | | | - Anna Aronovich
- 1] Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel [2] Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Doron Bushi
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Tanne
- 1] Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel [2] Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joab Chapman
- 1] Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel [2] Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicola Maggio
- 1] Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel [2] Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
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20
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Corresponding author: Yair Reisner,
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21
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Mirelman D, Bayer EA, Reisner Y. Nathan Sharon: 1925-2011. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2012; 67:2-18. [PMID: 22973609 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396527-1.00001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Zuckerman T, Katz T, Haddad N, Fineman R, Dann EJ, Avivi I, Ofran Y, Gavish I, Faibish T, Sahar D, Hertz E, Sabo E, Reisner Y, Rowe JM. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: risk stratified approach with a long-term follow-up. Am J Hematol 2012; 87:875-9. [PMID: 22847303 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was almost abandoned in recent years for very effective targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, approximately one third of patients still need another treatment including SCT. 38 consecutive CML patients were treated (most in preimatinib era) with allogeneic SCT, using partial T cell depletion (TCD) and preemptive donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), without post-transplant graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. Conditioning included busulfan, cyclophosphamide, antithymocytic globulin, and fludarabine followed by donor stem cell transfusion. With a median follow up of 90.5 months (1-134), 32 patients are alive. 97% engrafted. 5-year leukemia free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) were 78.95% and 84.2%, respectively. All patients are in major molecular remission and 78% in complete molecular remission. Transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 13%. Twenty-four patients received DLI for residual disease. Acute GvHD, mostly Grades I-II, occurred in 18% of patients post-transplant and in 24% of patients receiving DLI. In conclusion, the risk-adapted approach using only partial TCD and preemptive escalated dose of DLI precluded the need for immunosuppressive medications and reduced the risk of significant GvHD without compromising engraftment and long-term disease control. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsila Zuckerman
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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23
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Abstract
The induction of immune tolerance by specific agents, as opposed to general immune suppression, is a most desirable goal in transplantation biology. One approach to attain this goal is afforded by the use of donor-derived cells endowed with veto activity, which is the ability of a cell to specifically suppress only T cells directed against its antigens. A megadose of purified veto CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells is already used in patients to allow hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT) across major genetic barriers, while avoiding severe graft versus host disease (GVHD). However, allowing engraftment of such T cell-depleted HSCT under safer reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) protocols still remains a challenge. Therefore, combining megadose of CD34(+) HSCT with other GVHD-depleted veto cells could enable facilitation of engraftment of HSCT under RIC without the adverse complication of GVHD. This approach might provide a safer modality for enabling engraftment of HSCT, enabling its application in elderly patients who cannot tolerate intensive protocols and to a variety of patients with non-malignant disorders, associated with longer life expectancy, in whom the use of a high risk conditioning cannot be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Ophir
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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24
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Lask A, Goichberg P, Cohen A, Goren-Arbel R, Milstein O, Aviner S, Feine I, Ophir E, Reich-Zeliger S, Hagin D, Klein T, Nagler A, Berrebi A, Reisner Y. TCR-independent killing of B cell malignancies by anti-third-party CTLs: the critical role of MHC-CD8 engagement. J Immunol 2011; 187:2006-14. [PMID: 21753148 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that anti-third-party CTLs (stimulated under IL-2 deprivation against cells with an MHC class I [MHC-I] background different from that of the host and the donor) are depleted of graft-versus-host reactivity and can eradicate B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro or in an HU/SCID mouse model. We demonstrated in the current study that human allogeneic or autologous anti-third-party CTLs can also efficiently eradicate primary non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma by inducing slow apoptosis of the pathological cells. Using MHC-I mutant cell line as target cells, which are unrecognizable by the CTL TCR, we demonstrated directly that this killing is TCR independent. Strikingly, this unique TCR-independent killing is induced through lymphoma MHC-I engagement. We further showed that this killing mechanism begins with durable conjugate formation between the CTLs and the tumor cells, through rapid binding of tumor ICAM-1 to the CTL LFA-1 molecule. This conjugation is followed by a slower second step of MHC-I-dependent apoptosis, requiring the binding of the MHC-I α2/3 C region on tumor cells to the CTL CD8 molecule for killing to ensue. By comparing CTL-mediated killing of Daudi lymphoma cells (lacking surface MHC-I expression) to Daudi cells with reconstituted surface MHC-I, we demonstrated directly for the first time to our knowledge, in vitro and in vivo, a novel role for MHC-I in the induction of lymphoma cell apoptosis by CTLs. Additionally, by using different knockout and transgenic strains, we further showed that mouse anti-third-party CTLs also kill lymphoma cells using similar unique TCR-independence mechanism as human CTLs, while sparing normal naive B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Lask
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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25
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Di Ianni M, Falzetti F, Carotti A, Terenzi A, Del Papa B, Perruccio K, Ruggeri L, Sportoletti P, Rosati E, Marconi P, Falini B, Reisner Y, Velardi A, Aversa F, Martelli MF. Immunoselection and clinical use of T regulatory cells in HLA-haploidentical stem cell transplantation. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2011; 24:459-66. [PMID: 21925099 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Haploidentical transplantation, with extensive T cell depletion to prevent GvHD, is associated with a high incidence of infection-related deaths. The key challenge is to improve immune recovery with allogeneic donor T cells without triggering GvHD. As T regulatory cells (Tregs) controlled GvHD in pre-clinical studies, the present study evaluated the impact of an infusion of donor CD4/CD25 + Tregs, followed by an inoculum of donor mature T cells (Tcons) and positively immunoselected CD34 + cells in the setting of haploidentical stem cell transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients were enrolled in this study (22 AML; 5 ALL; 1 NHL). All received immunoselected Tregs (CliniMACS, Miltenyi Biotec) followed by positively immunoselected CD34 + cells together with Tcons 4 days later. No GvHD prophylaxis was administered. RESULTS 26/28 patients engrafted. No acute GvHD developed in 24/26 patients; 2 developed ≥ grade II acute GvHD. No patient has developed chronic GvHD. CD4 and CD8 counts rapidly increased after transplant. Episodes of CMV reactivation were significantly fewer than in controls. CONCLUSIONS In the setting of haploidentical transplantation infusion of Tregs makes administration of a high dose of T cells feasible. This strategy provides a long-term protection from GvHD and robust immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Di Ianni
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy.
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Hagin D, Reisner Y. Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation in Primary Immune Deficiency: Stem Cell Selection and Manipulation. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2011; 25:45-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hagin D, Reisner Y. Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation in primary immune deficiency: stem cell selection and manipulation. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2010; 30:45-62. [PMID: 20113886 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the early 1980s T-cell depletion has allowed haploidentical bone marrow transplantation to be performed in patients with primary immunodeficiency for whom a matched sibling donor was not available, without causing severe graft versus host disease (GVHD). This review article presents the available data in the literature on survival, GVHD, and immune reconstitution in different categories of patients, with special emphasis on the impact of different T-cell depletion methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hagin
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Cohen S, Tchorsh-Yutsis D, Aronovich A, Tal O, Eventov-Friedman S, Katchman H, Klionsky Y, Shezen E, Reisner Y. Growth enhancement by embryonic fibroblasts upon cotransplantation of noncommitted pig embryonic tissues with fully committed organs. Transplantation 2010; 89:1198-207. [PMID: 20195218 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181d720fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently defined the optimal gestational time windows for the transplantation of several embryonic tissues. We showed that the liver and kidney obtained from E28 pig embryos can grow and differentiate normally after transplantation, whereas 1 week earlier in gestation, these tissues develop into teratoma-like structures or fibrotic mass. In this study, we investigated whether cotransplantation of E28 with E21 tissue could control its tumorogenic potential, or alternatively whether the stem cells derived from the earlier tissue contribute to the growth of the more committed one. METHODS Pig embryonic precursors from E21 and E28 gestational age were transplanted alone or together, into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice, and their growth and differentiation was evaluated by immunohistology. In situ analysis, based on sex disparity between the E21 and E28 tissues, was used to identify the tissue source. In some experiments, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were cotransplanted with E28 liver, and their effect was evaluated. RESULTS E28 tissues could not abrogate the propensity of the cells within the undifferentiated tissue to form teratoma-like structures. However, E21 kidney or liver tissue markedly enhanced the growth and function of E28 kidney, liver, and heart grafts. Moreover, similar growth enhancement was observed on coimplantation of E28 liver tissue with MEF or on infusion of MEF culture medium, indicating that this enhancement is likely mediated through soluble factors secreted by the fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a novel approach for the enhancement of growth and differentiation of transplanted embryonic tissues by the use of soluble factors secreted by embryonic fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Cohen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Huang Z, Yang J, Luo G, Gan C, Cheng W, Yuan S, Peng X, Tan J, Wang X, Hu J, Yang S, Reisner Y, Ge L, Wei H, Cheng P, Wu J. Embryonic porcine skin precursors can successfully develop into integrated skin without teratoma formation posttransplantation in nude mouse model. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8717. [PMID: 20090918 PMCID: PMC2807464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
How to improve the wound healing quality of severe burn patients is still a challenge due to lack of skin appendages and rete ridges, no matter how much progress has been made in the fields of either stem cell or tissue engineering. We thus systematically studied the growth potential and differentiation capacity of porcine embryonic skin precursors. Implantation of embryonic skin precursors (PESPs) of different gestational ages in nude mice can generate the integrity skin, including epidermis, dermis and skin appendages, such as sweat gland, hair follicle, sebaceous gland, etc.. PESPs of embryonic day 42 possess the maximal growth potential, while, the safe window time of PESPs transplantation for prevention of teratoma risk is E56 or later. In conclusion, PESPs can form the 3 dimensional structures of skin with all necessary skin appendages. Our data strongly indicate that porcine embryonic skin precursors harvested from E56 of minipig may provide new hope for high-quality healing of extensive burns and traumas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics of Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics of Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics of Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengjun Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics of Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenguang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics of Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunzong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics of Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics of Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianglin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics of Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics of Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics of Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics of Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Department of Zoology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Zoology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics of Diseases, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Zangi L, Margalit R, Reich-Zeliger S, Bachar-Lustig E, Beilhack A, Negrin R, Reisner Y. Direct Imaging of Immune Rejection and Memory Induction by Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells 2009; 27:2865-74. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Reisner Y, Meiry G, Zeevi-Levin N, Barac DY, Reiter I, Abassi Z, Ziv N, Kostin S, Schaper J, Rosen MR, Binah O. Impulse conduction and gap junctional remodelling by endothelin-1 in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:562-73. [PMID: 19374685 PMCID: PMC2864006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an important contributor to ventricular hypertrophy and failure, which are associated with arrhythmogenesis and sudden death. To elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying the arrhythmogenic effects of ET-1 we tested the hypothesis that long-term (24 hrs) exposure to ET-1 impairs impulse conduction in cultures of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM). NRVM were seeded on micro-electrode-arrays (MEAs, Multi Channel Systems, Reutlingen, Germany) and exposed to 50 nM ET-1 for 24 hrs. Hypertrophy was assessed by morphological and molecular methods. Consecutive recordings of paced activation times from the same cultures were conducted at baseline and after 3, 6 and 24 hrs, and activation maps for each time period constructed. Gap junctional Cx43 expression was assessed using Western blot and confocal microscopy of immunofluorescence staining using anti-Cx43 antibodies. ET-1 caused hypertrophy as indicated by a 70% increase in mRNA for atrial natriuretic peptide (P < 0.05), and increased cell areas (P < 0.05) compared to control. ET-1 also caused a time-dependent decrease in conduction velocity that was evident after 3 hrs of exposure to ET-1, and was augmented at 24 hrs, compared to controls (P < 0.01). ET-1 increased total Cx43 protein by approximately 40% (P < 0.05) without affecting non- phosphorylated Cx43 (NP-Cx43) protein expression. Quantitative confocal microscopy showed a approximately 30% decrease in the Cx43 immunofluorescence per field in the ET-1 group (P < 0.05) and a reduced field stain intensity (P < 0.05), compared to controls. ET-1-induced hypertrophy was accompanied by reduction in conduction velocity and gap junctional remodelling. The reduction in conduction velocity may play a role in ET-1 induced susceptibility to arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Reisner
- Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Tchorsh-Yutsis D, Hecht G, Aronovich A, Shezen E, Klionsky Y, Rosen C, Bitcover R, Eventov-Friedman S, Katchman H, Cohen S, Tal O, Milstein O, Yagita H, Blazar BR, Reisner Y. Pig embryonic pancreatic tissue as a source for transplantation in diabetes: transient treatment with anti-LFA1, anti-CD48, and FTY720 enables long-term graft maintenance in mice with only mild ongoing immunosuppression. Diabetes 2009; 58:1585-94. [PMID: 19401429 PMCID: PMC2699862 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Defining an optimal costimulatory blockade-based immune suppression protocol enabling engraftment and functional development of E42 pig embryonic pancreatic tissue in mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Considering that anti-CD40L was found to be thrombotic in humans, we sought to test alternative costimulatory blockade agents already in clinical use, including CTLA4-Ig, anti-LFA1, and anti-CD48. These agents were tested in conjunction with T-cell debulking by anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 antibodies or with conventional immunosuppressive drugs. Engraftment and functional development of E42 pig pancreatic tissue was monitored by immunohistology and by measuring pig insulin blood levels. RESULTS Fetal pig pancreatic tissue harvested at E42, or even as early as at E28, was fiercely rejected in C57BL/6 mice and in Lewis rats. A novel immune suppression comprising anti-LFA1, anti-CD48, and FTY720 afforded optimal growth and functional development. Cessation of treatment with anti-LFA1 and anti-CD48 at 3 months posttransplant did not lead to graft rejection, and graft maintenance could be achieved for >8 months with twice-weekly low-dose FTY720 treatment. These grafts exhibited normal morphology and were functional, as revealed by the high pig insulin blood levels in the transplanted mice and by the ability of the recipients to resist alloxan induced diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This novel protocol, comprising agents that simulate those approved for clinical use, offer an attractive approach for embryonic xenogeneic transplantation. Further studies in nonhuman primates are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gil Hecht
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Aronovich
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elias Shezen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Klionsky
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chava Rosen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rivka Bitcover
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Helena Katchman
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sivan Cohen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orna Tal
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Milstein
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplant, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Ophir E, Reisner Y. Induction of tolerance in organ recipients by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:694-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Barac DY, Reisner Y, Silberman M, Zeevi-Levin N, Danon A, Salomon O, Shoham M, Shilkrut M, Kostin S, Schaper J, Binah O. Mechanical load induced by glass microspheres releases angiogenic factors from neonatal rat ventricular myocytes cultures and causes arrhythmias. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 12:2037-51. [PMID: 19012730 PMCID: PMC4506169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that similar to other mechanical loads, notably cyclic stretch (simulating pre-load), glass microspheres simulating afterload will stimulate the secretion of angiogenic factors. Hence, we employed glass microspheres (average diameter 15.7 μm, average mass 5.2 ng) as a new method for imposing mechanical load on neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) in culture. The collagen-coated microspheres were spread over the cultures at an estimated density of 3000 microspheres/mm2, they adhered strongly to the myocytes, and acted as small weights carried by the cells during their contraction. NRVM were exposed to either glass microspheres or to cyclic stretch, and several key angiogenic factors were measured by RT-PCR. The major findings were: (1) In contrast to other mechanical loads, such as cyclic stretch, microspheres (at 24 hrs) did not cause hypertrophy. (2) Further, in contrast to cyclic stretch, glass microspheres did not affect Cx43 expression, or the conduction velocity measured by means of the Micro-Electrode-Array system. (3) At 24 hrs, glass microspheres caused arrhythmias, probably resulting from early afterdepolarizations. (4) Glass microspheres caused the release of angiogenic factors as indicated by an increase in mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (80%), angiopoietin-2 (60%), transforming growth factor-β (40%) and basic fibroblast growth factor (15%); these effects were comparable to those of cyclic stretch. (5) As compared with control cultures, conditioned media from cultures exposed to microspheres increased endothelial cell migration by 15% (P<0.05) and endothelial cell tube formation by 120% (P<0.05), both common assays for angiogenesis. In conclusion, based on these findings we propose that loading cardiomyocytes with glass microspheres may serve as a new in vitro model for investigating the role of mechanical forces in angiogenesis and arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Barac
- Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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35
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Milstein O, Tseng SY, Starr T, Llodra J, Nans A, Liu M, Wild MK, van der Merwe PA, Stokes DL, Reisner Y, Dustin ML. Nanoscale increases in CD2-CD48-mediated intermembrane spacing decrease adhesion and reorganize the immunological synapse. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:34414-22. [PMID: 18826951 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804756200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between intermembrane spacing, adhesion efficiency, and lateral organization of adhesion receptors has not been established for any adhesion system. We have utilized the CD2 ligand CD48 with two (wild type CD48 (CD48-WT)), four (CD48-CD2), or five (CD48-CD22) Ig-like domains. CD48-WT was 10-fold more efficient in mediating adhesion than CD48-CD2 or CD48-CD22. Electron tomography of contact areas with planar bilayers demonstrated average intermembrane spacing of 12.8 nm with CD48-WT, 14.7 nm with CD48-CD2, and 15.6 nm with CD48-CD22. Both CD48-CD2 and CD48-CD22 chimeras segregated completely from CD48-WT in mixed contact areas. In contrast, CD48-CD2 and CD48-CD22 co-localized when mixed contacts were formed. Confocal imaging of immunological synapses formed between primary T lymphocytes and Chinese hamster ovary cells presenting major histocompatibility complex-peptide complexes, and different forms of CD48 demonstrated that CD48-CD2 and CD48-CD22 induce an eccentric CD2/T cell antigen receptor cluster. We propose that this reorganization of the immunological synapse sequesters the T cell antigen receptor in a location where it cannot interact with its ligand and dramatically reduces T cell sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Milstein
- Programs in Molecular Pathogenesis and Structural Biology, Helen and Martin Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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36
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Wasserstrom A, Adar R, Shefer G, Frumkin D, Itzkovitz S, Stern T, Shur I, Zangi L, Kaplan S, Harmelin A, Reisner Y, Benayahu D, Tzahor E, Segal E, Shapiro E. Reconstruction of cell lineage trees in mice. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1939. [PMID: 18398465 PMCID: PMC2276688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell lineage tree of a multicellular organism represents its history of cell divisions from the very first cell, the zygote. A new method for high-resolution reconstruction of parts of such cell lineage trees was recently developed based on phylogenetic analysis of somatic mutations accumulated during normal development of an organism. In this study we apply this method in mice to reconstruct the lineage trees of distinct cell types. We address for the first time basic questions in developmental biology of higher organisms, namely what is the correlation between the lineage relation among cells and their (1) function, (2) physical proximity and (3) anatomical proximity. We analyzed B-cells, kidney-, mesenchymal- and hematopoietic-stem cells, as well as satellite cells, which are adult skeletal muscle stem cells isolated from their niche on the muscle fibers (myofibers) from various skeletal muscles. Our results demonstrate that all analyzed cell types are intermingled in the lineage tree, indicating that none of these cell types are single exclusive clones. We also show a significant correlation between the physical proximity of satellite cells within muscles and their lineage. Furthermore, we show that satellite cells obtained from a single myofiber are significantly clustered in the lineage tree, reflecting their common developmental origin. Lineage analysis based on somatic mutations enables performing high resolution reconstruction of lineage trees in mice and humans, which can provide fundamental insights to many aspects of their development and tissue maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wasserstrom
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rivka Adar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gabi Shefer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Frumkin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tomer Stern
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Lior Zangi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shai Kaplan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dafna Benayahu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ehud Shapiro
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Katchman H, Tal O, Eventov-Friedman S, Shezen E, Aronovich A, Tchorsh D, Cohen S, Shtabsky A, Hecht G, Dekel B, Freud E, Reisner Y. Embryonic porcine liver as a source for transplantation: advantage of intact liver implants over isolated hepatoblasts in overcoming homeostatic inhibition by the quiescent host liver. Stem Cells 2008; 26:1347-55. [PMID: 18339772 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy as an alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation represents a major challenge, since negligible proliferation of isolated hepatocytes occurs after transplantation because of the stringent homeostatic control displayed by the host liver. Thus, different modalities of liver injury as part of the pretransplant conditioning are a prerequisite for this approach. The major objective of the present study was to test whether xenotransplantation of pig fetal liver fragments, in which potential cell-cell and cell-stroma interactions are spared, might afford more robust growth and proliferation compared with isolated pig fetal hepatoblasts. After transplantation into SCID mice, fetal liver tissue fragments exhibited marked growth and proliferation, in the setting of a quiescent host liver, compared with isolated fetal hepatoblasts harvested at the same gestational age (embryonic day 28). The proliferative advantage of fetal pig liver fragments was clearly demonstrated by immunohistochemical and morphometric assays and was observed not only after implantation into the liver but also into extrahepatic sites, such as the spleen and the subrenal capsule. The presence of all types of nonparenchymal liver cells that is crucial for normal liver development and regeneration was demonstrated in the implants. Preservation of the three-dimensional structure in pig fetal liver fragments enables autonomous proliferation of transplanted hepatic cells in the setting of a quiescent host liver, without any requirement for liver injury in the pretransplant conditioning. The marked proliferation and functional maturation exhibited by the pig fetal liver fragments suggests that it could afford a preferable source for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Katchman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Reich-Zeliger S, Bachar-Lustig E, Bar-Ilan A, Reisner Y. Tolerance induction in presensitized bone marrow recipients by veto CTLs: effective deletion of host anti-donor memory effector cells. J Immunol 2007; 179:6389-94. [PMID: 17982025 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.6389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Veto cells have been defined as cells capable of inducing apoptosis of effector CD8 cells recognizing their disparate MHC Ags. Tolerance induced by donor-type veto cells is desirable, because it is restricted to depletion of anti-donor clones without depletion of other immune specificities. It has been shown that anti-third party CTLs exhibit marked veto activity with reduced capacity to induce graft-vs-host disease, when tested on naive effector cells. However, presensitized T cells could play an important role in graft rejection, and therefore, their sensitivity to veto cells could be critical to the implementation of the latter cells in bone marrow transplantation. To address this question, we compared naive and presensitized TCR transgenic effector CD8 T cells, bearing a TCR against H-2(d). Both cell types exhibited similar predisposition to killing by veto CTLs in vitro, and this killing was dependent in both cell types on Fas-FasL signaling as shown by using Fas-deficient CD8 T cells from (lprx2c) F(1) mice. When tested in a stringent mouse model, in which bone marrow rejection is mediated by adoptively transferred host type T cells into lethally irradiated recipients, veto CTLs were equally effective in overcoming rejection of naive or presensitized host T cells.
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Reisner Y, Martelli MF. From 'megadose' haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplants in acute leukemia to tolerance induction in organ transplantation. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2007; 40:1-7. [PMID: 17981059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 06/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The first successful demonstration that effective T cell depletion can enable immune reconstitution without causing graft vs. host disease (GVHD) in SCID patients was achieved in 1980 using lectin-separated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells. Recipients exhibited immune tolerance towards donor antigens with a follow-up of more than 2 decades. In leukemia patients undergoing supralethal radio- and chemotherapy, T cell-depleted transplants are vigorously rejected by residual host T cells; this barrier was first overcome in 1993 by the use of megadose stem cell transplants. This clinical observation can be explained, in part, by the demonstration that cells within the CD34 compartment, as well as their immediate early myeloid progeny, are endowed with veto activity. Engraftment of mismatched hematopoietic stem cells following reduced intensity conditioning, still represents a major challenge. Progress made recently in murine studies by different approaches including the use of new co-stimulatory blockade agents, as well as by tolerance inducing cells such as anti-3rd party veto CTLs, NK T cells, and T regulatory cells, suggests several promising modalities for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Reisner
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Immunology, POB 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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40
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De Ioanni M, Di Ianni M, Bonifacio E, Moretti L, Cecchini D, Bazzucchi F, Terenzi A, Aloisi T, Falzetti F, Aversa F, Reisner Y, Martelli MF, Tabilio A. Large-scale generation of human allodepleted anti-3rd party lymphocytes. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2007; 40:106-12. [PMID: 17931916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although adoptive transfer of donor lymphocytes protects from infections and relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in both mice and in men, it is associated with a high risk of graft versus host disease (GvHD) which rises with HLA mismatching and the number of T lymphocytes that are infused. Elimination/reduction of alloreactive donor T lymphocytes is an appealing approach and several strategies have been proposed. Here we describe generation of anti-3rd party T lymphocytes under conditions of IL-2 deprivation and their effects in a pre-clinical murine model. Our results clearly indicated that anti-3rd party T lymphocytes generated on a large scale by means of IL-2 deprivation maintain a broad T cell repertoire, do not proliferate in a mixed lymphocyte reaction and do not cause GvHD in NOD-SCID mice. These anti-3rd party lymphocytes contain a large adaptive T regulatory cell subset which might contribute to in vitro and in vivo immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Ioanni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, IRCCS Foundation on Transplantation Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Italy
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41
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Aversa F, Reisner Y, Martelli MF. The haploidentical option for high-risk haematological malignancies. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2007; 40:8-12. [PMID: 17905610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in the clinical, biological and technical aspects of the T-cell-depleted full-haplotype mismatched transplants for acute leukaemia. Our experience demonstrates that infusing a megadose of extensively T-cell-depleted haematopoietic peripheral blood stem cells after an immuno-myeloablative conditioning regimen in acute leukaemia patients ensures sustained engraftment with minimal GvHD without the need of any post-transplant immunosuppressive treatment. Since our first successful pilot study, our efforts have concentrated on developing new conditioning regimens, optimising the graft processing and improving the post-transplant immunological recovery. The results we have so far achieved in more than 200 high-risk acute leukaemia patients show that haploidentical transplantation is now a clinical reality. Because virtually all patients have a mismatched family member, who is immediately available, mismatched transplantation should be offered as a viable option to high-risk acute leukaemia patients who do not have, or cannot find, a matched donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Aversa
- Department of Hematology, University of Perugia, Italy.
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42
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Reisner Y. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation across major genetic barriers. Immunol Res 2007; 38:174-190. [PMID: 17917024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The first successful demonstration that effective T cell depletion can enable immune reconstitution without causing graft versus host disease (GVHD) was achieved in 1980 using lectin-separated hematopoietic stem cells. In leukemia patients undergoing supralethal radio- and chemotherapy, T cell-depleted transplants are vigorously rejected by residual host T cells; this barrier was first overcome in 1993 by the use of megadose stem cell transplants. This clinical observation can be explained, in part, by the demonstration that cells within the CD34 compartments, as well as their immediate early myeloid progeny, are endowed with veto activity. Engraftment of mismatched hematopoietic stem cells following reduced intensity conditioning, still represents a major challenge. Progress has been made recently by using anti-3rd party veto CTLs and T regulatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Reisner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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43
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Aronovich A, Tchorsh D, Katchman H, Eventov-Friedman S, Shezen E, Martinowitz U, Blazar BR, Cohen S, Tal O, Reisner Y. Correction of hemophilia as a proof of concept for treatment of monogenic diseases by fetal spleen transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:19075-80. [PMID: 17148607 PMCID: PMC1682010 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607012103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous clinical attempts to correct genetic deficiencies such as hemophilia or Gaucher disease by transplantation of allogeneic spleen were associated with aggressive graft versus host disease, mediated by mature T cells derived from the donor spleen. We show that a fetal pig spleen harvested at the embryonic day 42 stage, before the appearance of T cells, exhibited optimal growth potential upon transplantation into SCID mice, and the growing tissue expressed factor VIII. Transplantation of embryonic day 42 spleen tissue into hemophilic SCID mice led to complete alleviation of hemophilia within 2-3 months after transplant, as demonstrated by tail bleeding and by assays for factor VIII blood levels. These results provide a proof of principle to the concept that transplantation of a fetal spleen, obtained from a developmental stage before the appearance of T cells, could provide a novel treatment modality for genetic deficiencies of an enzyme or a factor that can be replaced by the growing spleen tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aronovich
- *Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dalit Tchorsh
- *Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Helena Katchman
- *Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Elias Shezen
- *Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Uri Martinowitz
- National Hemophilia Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; and
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplant, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Sivan Cohen
- *Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Orna Tal
- *Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yair Reisner
- *Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Reisner Y, Gur H, Reich-Zeliger S, Martelli MF, Bachar-Lustig E. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation across major genetic barriers: tolerance induction by megadose CD34 cells and other veto cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1044:70-83. [PMID: 15958699 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1349.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies in mice and humans demonstrate that transplantation of hematopoietic progenitors in numbers larger than commonly used overcomes major genetic barriers. In vitro studies suggest that veto cells, within the population of hematopoietic progenitors, facilitate this favorable outcome. Tolerance induction can be further enhanced by other veto cells. Perhaps the most potent veto cell is the CD8(+) CTL. However, this cell is also associated with marked GVHD, which can be separated from the veto activity by generating anti-third party CTLs under IL-2 deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Reisner
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Immunology, Rehovot, Israel.
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45
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Dekel B, Zangi L, Shezen E, Reich-Zeliger S, Eventov-Friedman S, Katchman H, Jacob-Hirsch J, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Margalit R, Reisner Y. Isolation and characterization of nontubular sca-1+lin- multipotent stem/progenitor cells from adult mouse kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:3300-14. [PMID: 17093069 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2005020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and cell therapy approaches aim to take advantage of the repopulating ability and plasticity of multipotent stem cells to regenerate lost or diseased tissue. Recently, stage-specific embryonic kidney progenitor tissue was used to regenerate nephrons. Through fluorescence-activated cell sorting, microarray analysis, in vitro differentiation assays, mixed lymphocyte reaction, and a model of ischemic kidney injury, this study sought to identify and characterize multipotent organ stem/progenitor cells in the adult kidney. Herein is reported the existence of nontubular cells that express stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1). This population of small cells includes a CD45-negative fraction that lacks hematopoietic stem cell and lineage markers and resides in the renal interstitial space. In addition, these cells are enriched for beta1-integrin, are cytokeratin negative, and show minimal expression of surface markers that typically are found on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Global gene profiling reveals enrichment for many genes downstream of developmental signaling molecules and self-renewal pathways, such as TGF-beta/bone morphogenic protein, Wnt, or fibroblast growth factor, as well as for those that are involved in specification of mesodermal lineages (myocyte enhancer factor 2A, YY1-associated factor 2, and filamin-beta). In vitro, they are plastic adherent and slowly proliferating and result in inhibition of alloreactive CD8(+) T cells, indicative of an immune-privileged behavior. Furthermore, clonal-derived lines can be differentiated into myogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic, and neural lineages. Finally, when injected directly into the renal parenchyma, shortly after ischemic/reperfusion injury, renal Sca-1(+)Lin(-) cells, derived from ROSA26 reporter mice, adopt a tubular phenotype and potentially could contribute to kidney repair. These data define a unique phenotype for adult kidney-derived cells, which have potential as stem cells and may contribute to the regeneration of injured kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dekel
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Immunology, Rehovot, Israel
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46
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Dekel B, Metsuyanim S, Schmidt-Ott KM, Fridman E, Jacob-Hirsch J, Simon A, Pinthus J, Mor Y, Barasch J, Amariglio N, Reisner Y, Kaminski N, Rechavi G. Multiple imprinted and stemness genes provide a link between normal and tumor progenitor cells of the developing human kidney. Cancer Res 2006; 66:6040-9. [PMID: 16778176 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wilms' tumor (WT), the embryonic kidney malignancy, is suggested to evolve from a progenitor cell population of uninduced metanephric blastema, which typically gives rise to nephrons. However, apart from blastema, WT specimens frequently contain cells that have differentiated into renal tubular or stromal phenotypes, complicating their analysis. We aimed to define tumor-progenitor genes that function in normal kidney development using WT xenografts (WISH-WT), in which the blastema accumulates with serial passages at the expense of differentiated cells. Herein, we did transcriptional profiling using oligonucleotide microarrays of WISH-WT, WT source, human fetal and adult kidneys, and primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Among the most significantly up-regulated genes in WISH-WT, we identified a surprising number of paternally expressed genes (PEG1/MEST, PEG3, PEG5/NNAT, PEG10, IGF2, and DLK1), as well as Meis homeobox genes [myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1 homologue 1 (MEIS1) and MEIS2], which suppress cell differentiation and maintain self-renewal. A comparison between independent WISH-WT and WT samples by real-time PCR showed most of these genes to be highly overexpressed in the xenografts. Concomitantly, they were significantly induced in human fetal kidneys, strictly developmentally regulated throughout mouse nephrogenesis and overexpressed in the normal rat metanephric blastema. Furthermore, in vitro differentiation of the uninduced blastema leads to rapid down-regulation of PEG3, DLK1, and MEIS1. Interestingly, ischemic/reperfusion injury to adult mouse kidneys reinduced the expression of PEG3, PEG10, DLK1, and MEIS1, hence simulating embryogenesis. Thus, multiple imprinted and stemness genes that function to expand the renal progenitor cell population may lead to evolution and maintenance of WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dekel
- Department of Pediatrics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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47
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Steiner D, Brunicki N, Bachar-Lustig E, Taylor PA, Blazar BR, Reisner Y. Overcoming T cell-mediated rejection of bone marrow allografts by T-regulatory cells: synergism with veto cells and rapamycin. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:802-8. [PMID: 16728286 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Revised: 02/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that anti-third-party cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) depleted of alloreactivity against the host are endowed with marked veto activity and can facilitate bone marrow (BM) allografting without graft-versus-host disease. We also demonstrated synergism between rapamycin (RAPA) and the veto cells. CD4(+)CD25(+) T-regulatory (Treg) cells are suppressor cells that can enhance alloengraftment. We investigated whether donor Tregs would be synergistic with veto CTLs and RAPA in augmenting alloengraftment or, conversely, would suppress veto CTL effects. Lethally irradiated C3H mice were transplanted at day 2 after irradiation with Balb-nude BM. Graft rejection was induced by purified host-type T cells infused 1 day prior to BMT. The addition of Tregs led to moderate enhancement of engraftment. RAPA at different doses was synergistic with Tregs. The addition of veto CTLs to Tregs enabled reducing the effective RAPA dose fourfold. Combining all three agents was necessary to overcome rejection at low-dose RAPA. Chimerism analysis at 5 to 9 months revealed a significant presence of host-type cells coexisting with the predominant donor T cells, suggesting that tolerance had been attained. The synergistic effects between Tregs, veto CTLs, and RAPA offer an attractive approach for facilitating alloengraftment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Female
- Graft Enhancement, Immunologic
- Graft Rejection/drug therapy
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Survival/drug effects
- Graft Survival/immunology
- Graft Survival/radiation effects
- Immune Tolerance/drug effects
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Immune Tolerance/radiation effects
- Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Lymphocyte Transfusion
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Nude
- Sirolimus/administration & dosage
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Transplantation Chimera/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Whole-Body Irradiation
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Affiliation(s)
- David Steiner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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48
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Eventov-Friedman S, Tchorsh D, Katchman H, Shezen E, Aronovich A, Hecht G, Dekel B, Rechavi G, Blazar BR, Feine I, Tal O, Freud E, Reisner Y. Embryonic pig pancreatic tissue transplantation for the treatment of diabetes. PLoS Med 2006; 3:e215. [PMID: 16768546 PMCID: PMC1479387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of embryonic pig pancreatic tissue as a source of insulin has been suggested for the cure of diabetes. However, previous limited clinical trials failed in their attempts to treat diabetic patients by transplantation of advanced gestational age porcine embryonic pancreas. In the present study we examined growth potential, functionality, and immunogenicity of pig embryonic pancreatic tissue harvested at different gestational ages. METHODS AND FINDINGS Implantation of embryonic pig pancreatic tissues of different gestational ages in SCID mice reveals that embryonic day 42 (E42) pig pancreas can enable a massive growth of pig islets for prolonged periods and restore normoglycemia in diabetic mice. Furthermore, both direct and indirect T cell rejection responses to the xenogeneic tissue demonstrated that E42 tissue, in comparison to E56 or later embryonic tissues, exhibits markedly reduced immunogenicity. Finally, fully immunocompetent diabetic mice grafted with the E42 pig pancreatic tissue and treated with an immunosuppression protocol comprising CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40 ligand (anti-CD40L) attained normal blood glucose levels, eliminating the need for insulin. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the importance of selecting embryonic tissue of the correct gestational age for optimal growth and function and for reduced immunogenicity, and provide a proof of principle for the therapeutic potential of E42 embryonic pig pancreatic tissue transplantation in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Abatacept
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase
- Alloxan
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- CD40 Ligand/antagonists & inhibitors
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/surgery
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/surgery
- Female
- Gestational Age
- Graft Rejection/prevention & control
- Humans
- Immunocompetence
- Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Secretion
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/ultrastructure
- Kidney
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/transplantation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Pancreas/embryology
- Pancreas Transplantation/immunology
- Pancreas, Exocrine/ultrastructure
- Pregnancy
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/deficiency
- Sus scrofa/embryology
- Transplantation, Heterologous/immunology
- Transplantation, Heterotopic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dalit Tchorsh
- 1Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Helena Katchman
- 1Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elias Shezen
- 1Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Aronovich
- 1Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gil Hecht
- 1Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- 1Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- 2Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Functional Genomics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- 3University of Minnesota Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ilan Feine
- 1Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orna Tal
- 1Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Enrique Freud
- 4Department of Pediatric Surgery, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
| | - Yair Reisner
- 1Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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49
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Dekel B, Shezen E, Even-Tov-Friedman S, Katchman H, Margalit R, Nagler A, Reisner Y. Transplantation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells into Ischemic and Growing Kidneys Suggests a Role in Vasculogenesis but Not Tubulogenesis. Stem Cells 2006; 24:1185-93. [PMID: 16410390 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of murine bone marrow-derived stem cells has been reported recently to promote regeneration of the injured kidney. We investigated the potential of human adult CD34(+) progenitor cells to undergo renal differentiation once xenotransplanted into ischemic and developing kidneys. Immunostaining with human-specific antibodies for tubular cells (broad-spectrum cytokeratin), endothelial cells (CD31, PECAM), stromal cells (vimentin), and hematopoietic cells (pan-leukocyte CD45) demonstrated that although kidney ischemia enhanced engraftment of human cells, they were mostly hematopoietic cells (CD45(+)) residing in the interstitial spaces. Few other engrafted cells demonstrated an endothelial phenotype (human CD31(+)in morphologically appearing peritubular capillaries), but no evidence of tubular or stromal cells of human origin was found. Upregulation of SDF1 and HIF1 transcript levels in the ischemic kidneys might explain the diffuse engraftment of CD45(+)cells following injury. Similarly, when embryonic kidneys rudiments were co-transplanted with human CD34(+)cells in mice, we found both human CD45(+)and CD31(+)cells in the periphery of the developing renal grafts, whereas parenchymal elements failed to stain. In addition, human CD34(+)cells had no effect on kidney growth and differentiation. This first demonstration of human CD34(+)stem cell transplantation into injured and developing kidneys indicates that these cells do not readily acquire a tubular phenotype and are restricted mainly to hematopoietic and, to a lesser extent, to endothelial lineages. Efforts should be made to identify additional stem cell sources applicable for kidney growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dekel
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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50
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Steiner D, Brunicki N, Blazar BR, Bachar-Lustig E, Reisner Y. Tolerance induction by third-party "off-the-shelf" CD4+CD25+ Treg cells. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:66-71. [PMID: 16413392 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2005.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2005] [Revised: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent reports have shown that donor or host CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells can be used to control GVHD or graft rejection following allogeneic BMT in mice. In the present study we investigated the potential of third-party Treg cells compared to donor-type cells to facilitate BM allografting. METHODS Graft rejection is assessed in a mouse model of T cell-mediated BM allograft rejection. Lethally irradiated C3H mice are transplanted at day 2 after irradiation with T cell-depleted Balb/Nude BM. Graft rejection is induced by purified host-type T cells infused one day prior to BMT. Cells tested for their facilitating activity are added to the T cell-depleted BM allograft. RESULTS Naïve or ex vivo-expanded third-party Treg cells can effectively enhance engraftment of T cell-depleted BM allografts, exhibiting reactivity in vitro and in vivo similar to that found for donor-type Treg cells. CONCLUSION The use of third-party Treg cells in contrast to donor-type cells could allow advanced preparation of a large bank of Treg cells (off-the-shelf), with all the appropriate quality controls required for cell therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Injections, Intravenous
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Sirolimus/administration & dosage
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/radiation effects
- Transplantation Chimera
- Transplantation Immunology/immunology
- Transplantation Tolerance/drug effects
- Transplantation Tolerance/radiation effects
- Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- David Steiner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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