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Dzigba P, Rylski AK, Angera IJ, Banahene N, Kavunja HW, Greenlee-Wacker MC, Swarts BM. Immune Targeting of Mycobacteria through Cell Surface Glycan Engineering. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1548-1556. [PMID: 37306676 PMCID: PMC10782841 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteria and other organisms in the order Mycobacteriales cause a range of significant human diseases, including tuberculosis, leprosy, diphtheria, Buruli ulcer, and non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease. However, the intrinsic drug tolerance engendered by the mycobacterial cell envelope undermines conventional antibiotic treatment and contributes to acquired drug resistance. Motivated by the need to augment antibiotics with novel therapeutic approaches, we developed a strategy to specifically decorate mycobacterial cell surface glycans with antibody-recruiting molecules (ARMs), which flag bacteria for binding to human-endogenous antibodies that enhance macrophage effector functions. Mycobacterium-specific ARMs consisting of a trehalose targeting moiety and a dinitrophenyl hapten (Tre-DNPs) were synthesized and shown to specifically incorporate into outer-membrane glycolipids of Mycobacterium smegmatis via trehalose metabolism, enabling recruitment of anti-DNP antibodies to the mycobacterial cell surface. Phagocytosis of Tre-DNP-modified M. smegmatis by macrophages was significantly enhanced in the presence of anti-DNP antibodies, demonstrating proof-of-concept that our strategy can augment the host immune response. Because the metabolic pathways responsible for cell surface incorporation of Tre-DNPs are conserved in all Mycobacteriales organisms but absent from other bacteria and humans, the reported tools may be enlisted to interrogate host-pathogen interactions and develop immune-targeting strategies for diverse mycobacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Dzigba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
- Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology Graduate Programs, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859 United States
| | - Adrian K. Rylski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Isaac J. Angera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Nicholas Banahene
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
- Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology Graduate Programs, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859 United States
| | - Herbert W. Kavunja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Mallary C. Greenlee-Wacker
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Swarts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
- Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology Graduate Programs, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859 United States
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Rullo AF, Fitzgerald KJ, Muthusamy V, Liu M, Yuan C, Huang M, Kim M, Cho AE, Spiegel DA. Re-engineering the Immune Response to Metastatic Cancer: Antibody-Recruiting Small Molecules Targeting the Urokinase Receptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3642-6. [PMID: 26879524 PMCID: PMC5597302 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Developing selective strategies to treat metastatic cancers remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report the first antibody-recruiting small molecule (ARM) that is capable of recognizing the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a uniquely overexpressed cancer cell-surface marker, and facilitating the immune-mediated destruction of cancer cells. A co-crystal structure of the ARM-U2/uPAR complex was obtained, representing the first crystal structure of uPAR complexed with a non-peptide ligand. Finally, we demonstrated that ARM-U2 substantially suppresses tumor growth in vivo with no evidence of weight loss, unlike the standard-of-care agent doxorubicin. This work underscores the promise of antibody-recruiting molecules as immunotherapeutics for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Rullo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Kelly J Fitzgerald
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Viswanathan Muthusamy
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yang Qiao West Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Cai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yang Qiao West Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yang Qiao West Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Minsup Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 339-700, Korea
| | - Art E Cho
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 339-700, Korea
| | - David A Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Rullo AF, Fitzgerald KJ, Muthusamy V, Liu M, Yuan C, Huang M, Kim M, Cho AE, Spiegel DA. Re-engineering the Immune Response to Metastatic Cancer: Antibody-Recruiting Small Molecules Targeting the Urokinase Receptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F. Rullo
- Department of Chemistry; Yale University; 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Kelly J. Fitzgerald
- Department of Pharmacology; Yale School of Medicine; 333 Cedar Street New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Viswanathan Muthusamy
- Department of Chemistry; Yale University; 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yang Qiao West Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Cai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yang Qiao West Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yang Qiao West Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Minsup Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics; Korea University; 2511 Sejong-ro Sejong 339-700 Korea
| | - Art E. Cho
- Department of Bioinformatics; Korea University; 2511 Sejong-ro Sejong 339-700 Korea
| | - David A. Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry; Yale University; 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
- Department of Pharmacology; Yale School of Medicine; 333 Cedar Street New Haven CT 06520 USA
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Bondeson DP, Mares A, Smith IED, Ko E, Campos S, Miah AH, Mulholland KE, Routly N, Buckley DL, Gustafson JL, Zinn N, Grandi P, Shimamura S, Bergamini G, Faelth-Savitski M, Bantscheff M, Cox C, Gordon DA, Willard RR, Flanagan JJ, Casillas LN, Votta BJ, den Besten W, Famm K, Kruidenier L, Carter PS, Harling JD, Churcher I, Crews CM. Catalytic in vivo protein knockdown by small-molecule PROTACs. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:611-7. [PMID: 26075522 PMCID: PMC4629852 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 804] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The current predominant therapeutic paradigm is based on maximizing drug-receptor occupancy to achieve clinical benefit. This strategy, however, generally requires excessive drug concentrations to ensure sufficient occupancy, often leading to adverse side effects. Here, we describe major improvements to the proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) method, a chemical knockdown strategy in which a heterobifunctional molecule recruits a specific protein target to an E3 ubiquitin ligase, resulting in the target's ubiquitination and degradation. These compounds behave catalytically in their ability to induce the ubiquitination of super-stoichiometric quantities of proteins, providing efficacy that is not limited by equilibrium occupancy. We present two PROTACs that are capable of specifically reducing protein levels by >90% at nanomolar concentrations. In addition, mouse studies indicate that they provide broad tissue distribution and knockdown of the targeted protein in tumor xenografts. Together, these data demonstrate a protein knockdown system combining many of the favorable properties of small-molecule agents with the potent protein knockdown of RNAi and CRISPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Bondeson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alina Mares
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Eunhwa Ko
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dennis L Buckley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Gustafson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nico Zinn
- Cellzome, a GSK company, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carly Cox
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Linda N Casillas
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bartholomew J Votta
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Willem den Besten
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Craig M Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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McEnaney PJ, Fitzgerald KJ, Zhang AX, Douglass EF, Shan W, Balog A, Kolesnikova MD, Spiegel DA. Chemically synthesized molecules with the targeting and effector functions of antibodies. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:18034-43. [PMID: 25514603 PMCID: PMC4291750 DOI: 10.1021/ja509513c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel class of molecules of intermediate size (approximately 7000 Da), which possess both the targeting and effector functions of antibodies. These compounds—called synthetic antibody mimics targeting prostate cancer (SyAM-Ps)—bind simultaneously to prostate-specific membrane antigen and Fc gamma receptor I, thus eliciting highly selective cancer cell phagocytosis. SyAMs have the potential to combine the advantages of both small-molecule and biologic therapies, and may address many drawbacks associated with available treatments for cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J McEnaney
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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