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Ounjaijean S, Wongthanee A, Kulprachakarn K, Rerkasem A, Pruenglampoo S, Mangklabruks A, Rerkasem K, Derraik JGB. Higher maternal BMI early in pregnancy is associated with overweight and obesity in young adult offspring in Thailand. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:724. [PMID: 33853557 PMCID: PMC8048216 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rates of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age have been steadily increasing worldwide and in Thailand. There is mounting evidence that maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of obesity and other adverse health outcomes in the offspring, but such data are lacking for Thailand. We examined the associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) and anthropometry (particularly the likelihood of obesity) and cardiometabolic parameters in young adult offspring. Methods This was a prospective follow-up study of a birth cohort in Chiang Mai (Thailand). Pregnant women carrying singletons were recruited at their first antenatal visit (< 24 weeks of gestation) and followed until delivery in 1989–1990. Participants were their young adult offspring followed up in 2010. Maternal BMI was recorded at the first antenatal visit. The offspring underwent clinical assessments, including anthropometry, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR), blood pressure, and carotid intima-media thickness. The primary outcome of interest was the likelihood of obesity in the offspring. Results We assessed 628 young adults (54% were females) at 20.6 ± 0.5 years of age (range 19.1–22.1 years). The young adult offspring of mothers with overweight/obesity was 14.1 kg (95%CI 9.7, 18.5; p < 0.0001) and 9.4 kg (95% CI 6.1, 12.8; p < 0.0001) heavier than those born to mothers with underweight or normal weight, respectively, and had BMI 3.46 kg/m2 (95%CI 2.26, 4.67; p < 0.0001) and 5.27 kg/m2 (95%CI 3.67, 8.68; p < 0.0001) greater, respectively. For every 1-kg/m2 increase in maternal BMI, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of offspring obesity was 25% greater (95%CI 1.10, 1.42; p < 0.001). Thus, the aOR of obesity in offspring of mothers with overweight/obesity was 4.6 times greater (95%CI 1.86, 11.26; p < 0.001) and nearly 17-fold greater (95%CI 1.96, 146.4; p = 0.010) compared to young adults born to mothers with normal weight or underweight, respectively. There were no observed associations between maternal BMI status and offspring metabolism or blood pressure. Discussion Maternal overweight/obesity early in pregnancy was associated with increased BMI and greater odds of obesity in their young adult offspring in Thailand. These findings highlight the public health importance of fostering healthier lifestyle choices among women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakaewan Ounjaijean
- NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Antika Wongthanee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Kulprachakarn
- NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Amaraporn Rerkasem
- NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sakda Pruenglampoo
- NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ampica Mangklabruks
- NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kittipan Rerkasem
- NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - José G B Derraik
- NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Kalyesubula M, Mopuri R, Rosov A, Alon T, Edery N, Moallem U, Dvir H. Hyperglycemia-stimulating diet induces liver steatosis in sheep. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12189. [PMID: 32699301 PMCID: PMC7376193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is strongly associated with chronic liver disease and systemic metabolic disorder. Adipose lipolysis is a recognized principal source of intrahepatic fat in various metabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We hypothesized that, in the premorbid state, hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) driven by excess carbohydrates abundance might play a more significant role. We employed a novel nutritional model in sheep of two distinct carbohydrates abundances. During 4 months of the dietary treatment, lambs were monitored for metabolic and terminal liver parameters. Lambs grown on the high-calorie (HC) diet were consistently more hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic than lambs grown on the lower-calorie (LC) diet (P < 0.0001). As a result, the HC lambs developed systemic- (HOMA-IR of 7.3 vs. 3.1; P < 0.0001), and adipose- (ADIPO-IR of 342.7 vs. 74.4; P < 0.0001) insulin resistance, significant adiposity (P < 0.0001), and higher plasma triglycerides (P < 0.05). Circulating leukocytes in the HC lambs had higher mRNA expression levels of the proinflammatory markers CCL2 (P < 0.01) and TNF-alpha (P < 0.04), and IL1B trended higher (P < 0.1). Remarkably, lambs on the HC diet developed substantial liver steatosis (mean fat content of 8.1 vs. 5.3% in the LC group; P < 0.0001) with a higher histological steatosis score (2.1 vs. 0.4; P < 0.0002). Hepatic steatosis was most-strongly associated with blood glucose and insulin levels but negatively correlated with circulating fatty acids-indicating a more significant contribution from hepatic DNL than from adipose lipolysis. Sheep may prove an attractive large-animal model of fatty liver and metabolic comorbidities resulting from excess carbohydrate-based energy early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugagga Kalyesubula
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Animal Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ramgopal Mopuri
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Alexander Rosov
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Tamir Alon
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Animal Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Edery
- Pathology Laboratory, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Services, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Uzi Moallem
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Hay Dvir
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center - ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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Pankey CL, Walton MW, Odhiambo JF, Smith AM, Ghnenis AB, Nathanielsz PW, Ford SP. Intergenerational impact of maternal overnutrition and obesity throughout pregnancy in sheep on metabolic syndrome in grandsons and granddaughters. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 60:67-74. [PMID: 28527530 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that maternal overnutrition and obesity (MO) throughout pregnancy and lactation in sheep (MOF0) decreases term fetal pancreatic β-cell numbers and increases perirenal adiposity producing hyperphagia, increased adiposity and insulin resistance in adult female offspring (MOF1) fed ad libitum. Pregnant female MOF1 exhibited increased blood glucose from mid to late gestation vs control F1 (CTRF1) though both groups ate only to NRC recommendations. MOF1 ewes delivered female offspring (F2) who like their MOF1 mothers exhibited increased abdominal adiposity and absent neonatal leptin surge. In the current work, we determined if adult MOF2 exhibited metabolic syndrome components when fed ad libitum. After weaning, MOF2 males (n = 5), MOF2 females (n = 6), CTRF2 males (n = 5), and CTRF2 females (n = 6) were fed to NRC requirements until 19 mo followed by 12-wk ad libitum feeding. Body weight and % fat increased (P < 0.01) in all F2 during this feeding trial. MOF2 males were heavier (P < 0.01) than CTRF2 males and females, and MOF2 females throughout the trial. By wk 8, baseline blood glucose concentrations increased (P < 0.001) in MOF2 females, but not other groups, remaining elevated throughout the trial. Baseline insulin was similar through wk 6, increasing (P < 0.05) at wk 8 in MOF2 females only. MOF2 female insulin returned to CTRF2 female levels during wk 10 and 12. The progressive increase of plasma glucose on wk 8 in association with increased insulin in MOF2 females but not other groups demonstrated a diet-induced increase (P < 0.001) in MOF2 female insulin resistance. The subsequent decline in insulin during wk 10 and 12 despite elevated glucose in MOF2 females is consistent with a decrease in glucose-stimulated pancreatic β-cell function. These data indicate that ad libitum feeding exceeds the pancreatic secretory response predisposing MOF2 females to hyperglycemia. Furthermore, there was a sex difference where MOF2 males increased body mass and MOF2 females displayed insulin/glucose dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Pankey
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - M W Walton
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - J F Odhiambo
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - A M Smith
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - A B Ghnenis
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - P W Nathanielsz
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - S P Ford
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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Suárez-Román G, Fernández-Romero T, Perera-Calderín AJ, Rodríguez-Sosa VM, Arranz C, Hernández SC. Pregestational Obesity-Induced Embryopathy. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1250-7. [PMID: 27089913 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116635279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several epidemiologic studies in humans have shown a relationship between pregestational obesity and congenital malformations in offsprings. However, there are no experimental evidence in animal models of obesity and pregnancy that reproduce the teratogenesis induced by this pathological condition. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of monosodium glutamate-induced obesity on embryonic development. METHODS Female rats received subcutaneously (4 mg/g body weight) monosodium glutamate (MSG) solution or saline solution 0.9% (vehicle control) at days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 of life. At 90 days of age, all animals were mated, and on day 11 of pregnancy, the animals were killed. Biochemical variables (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and insulin) were determined in plasma of dams and embryo homogenates (DNA and protein content, advanced oxidation protein products). Embryos were evaluated for malformations, crown-rump length, and somite number. RESULTS Obese rats presented higher triglyceride levels as compared to nonobese rats. Increased proportion of malformed embryos, decreased crown-rump length, somite number, DNA, and protein content were observed in offspring of obese rats. CONCLUSION The model of obesity induced with MSG reproduces the maternal obesity-induced teratogenesis. The hypertriglyceridemia observed in MSG obese pregnant rats could be related to increased birth defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gipsis Suárez-Román
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic and Pre-clinical Sciences, "Victoria de Girón," Havana Medical Sciences University, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tammy Fernández-Romero
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic and Pre-clinical Sciences, "Victoria de Girón," Havana Medical Sciences University, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Clapés Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic and Pre-clinical Sciences, "Victoria de Girón," Havana Medical Sciences University, Havana, Cuba
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Nicholas LM, Morrison JL, Rattanatray L, Zhang S, Ozanne SE, McMillen IC. The early origins of obesity and insulin resistance: timing, programming and mechanisms. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:229-38. [PMID: 26367335 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus and it also results in an increased risk of giving birth to a large baby with increased fat mass. Furthermore, it is also contributes to an increased risk of obesity and insulin resistance in the offspring in childhood, adolescence and adult life. It has been proposed that exposure to maternal obesity may therefore result in an 'intergenerational cycle' of obesity and insulin resistance. There is significant interest in whether exposure to maternal obesity around the time of conception alone contributes directly to poor metabolic outcomes in the offspring and whether dieting in the obese mother before pregnancy or around the time of conception has metabolic benefits for the offspring. This review focusses on experimental and clinical studies that have investigated the specific impact of exposure to maternal obesity during the periconceptional period alone or extending beyond conception on adipogenesis, lipogenesis and on insulin signalling pathways in the fat, liver and muscle of the offspring. Findings from these studies highlight the need for a better evidence base for the development of dietary interventions in obese women before pregnancy and around the time of conception to maximize the metabolic benefits and minimize the metabolic costs for the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Nicholas
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J L Morrison
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - L Rattanatray
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Discipline of Physiology, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Zhang
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S E Ozanne
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - I C McMillen
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,The Chancellery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Diesel JC, Eckhardt CL, Day NL, Brooks MM, Arslanian SA, Bodnar LM. Gestational weight gain and the risk of offspring obesity at 10 and 16 years: a prospective cohort study in low-income women. BJOG 2015; 122:1395-402. [PMID: 26032698 PMCID: PMC4565617 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and offspring obesity risk at ages chosen to approximate prepuberty (10 years) and postpuberty (16 years). DESIGN Prospective pregnancy cohort. SETTING Pittsburgh, PA, USA. SAMPLE Low-income pregnant women (n = 514) receiving prenatal care at an obstetric residency clinic and their singleton offspring. METHODS Gestational weight gain was classified based on maternal GWG-for-gestational-age Z-score charts and was modelled using flexible spline terms in modified multivariable Poisson regression models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Obesity at 10 or 16 years, defined as body mass index (BMI) Z-scores ≥95th centile of the 2000 CDC references, based on measured height and weight. RESULTS The prevalence of offspring obesity was 20% at 10 years and 22% at 16 years. In the overall sample, the risk of offspring obesity at 10 and 16 years increased when GWG exceeded a GWG Z-score of 0 SD (equivalent to 30 kg at 40 weeks); but for gains below a Z-score of 0 SD there was no relationship with child obesity risk. The association between GWG and offspring obesity varied by prepregnancy BMI. Among mothers with a pregravid BMI <25 kg/m(2) , the risk of offspring obesity increased when GWG Z-score exceeded 0 SD, yet among overweight women (BMI ≥25 kg/m(2) ), there was no association between GWG Z-scores and offspring obesity risk. CONCLUSIONS Among lean women, higher GWG may have lasting effects on offspring obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- JC Diesel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - CL Eckhardt
- School of Community Health, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - NL Day
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - MM Brooks
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - SA Arslanian
- Division of Weight Management and Wellness, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - LM Bodnar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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