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Jahn LA, Logan B, Love KM, Horton WB, Eichner NZ, Hartline LM, Weltman AL, Barrett EJ. Nitric oxide-dependent micro- and macrovascular dysfunction occurs early in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E101-E108. [PMID: 34894721 PMCID: PMC8799398 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00267.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are both reported in children with type 1 diabetes (DM1) and may predict future cardiovascular events. In health, nitric oxide (NO) relaxes arteries and increases microvascular perfusion. The relationships between NO-dependent macro- and microvascular functional responses and arterial stiffness have not been studied in adolescents with DM1. Here, we assessed macro- and microvascular function in DM1 adolescents and age-matched controls at baseline and during an oral glucose challenge (OGTT). DM1 adolescents (n = 16) and controls (n = 14) were studied before and during an OGTT. At baseline, we measured: 1) large artery stiffness using both aortic augmentation index (AI) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV); 2) brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and forearm endothelial function using postischemic flow velocity (PIFV); and 3) forearm muscle microvascular blood volume (MBV) using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Following OGTT, AI, cfPWV, and MBV were reassessed at 60 min and MBV again at 120 min. Within individual and between-group, comparisons were made by paired and unpaired t tests or repeated measures ANOVA. Baseline FMD was lower (P = 0.02) in DM1. PWV at 0 and 60 min did not differ between groups. Baseline AI did not differ between groups but declined with OGTT only in controls (P = 0.02) and was lower than DM1 at 60 min (P < 0.03). Baseline MBV was comparable in DM1 and control groups, but declined in DM1 at 120 min (P = 0.01) and was lower than the control group (P < 0.03). There was an inverse correlation between plasma glucose and MBV at 120 min (r = -0.523, P < 0.01). No differences were noted between groups for V̇O2max (mL/min/kg), body fat (%), or body mass index (BMI). NO-dependent macro- and microvascular function, including FMD and AI, and microvascular perfusion, respectively, are impaired early in the course of DM1, precede increases of arterial stiffness, and may provide an early indicator of vascular risk.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to show that type 1 diabetes impairs multiple nitric oxide-dependent vascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Jahn
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brent Logan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kaitlin M Love
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - William B Horton
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Natalie Z Eichner
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Medicine, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Lee M Hartline
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Arthur L Weltman
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Medicine, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Eugene J Barrett
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Contreras ZA, Hansen J, Ritz B, Olsen J, Yu F, Heck JE. Parental age and childhood cancer risk: A Danish population-based registry study. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 49:202-215. [PMID: 28715709 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though the association between parental age at child's birth and the risk of childhood cancer has been previously investigated, the evidence to date is inconclusive and scarce for rarer cancer types. METHODS Cancer cases (N=5,856) were selected from all children born from 1968 to 2014 and diagnosed from 1968 to 2015 in Denmark at less than 16 years of age listed in the nationwide Danish Cancer Registry. Cases were individually matched to controls (1:100) on sex and year of birth with a total of 585,594 controls randomly sampled from all live births in Denmark from the Danish Central Population Registry. Parental age at child's birth was extracted from the Central Population Registry. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for the association between parental age at child's birth and childhood cancer risk. Parental age was modeled as both categorical (referent group, parents aged 25-29) and continuous per 5-year increase in age. RESULTS Offspring of older mothers were at an increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia [OR=1.10, 95% CI: (1.02, 1.19) per 5-year increase in age]. Older maternal age (40+) increased the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma [OR=1.96, 95%CI: (1.12, 3.43)]. The risk of Wilms' tumor also appeared elevated with older paternal age [OR=1.11, 95% CI: (0.97, 1.28) per 5-year increment in age]. CONCLUSION Older parental age was a risk factor for various childhood cancers in Danish children. Further investigation of the biological and social factors that may be contributing to these associations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuelma A Contreras
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorn Olsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia E Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Delage M, Alajane F, Pacquement H, Seigneur E. Rétinoblastome de l’enfant : étude qualitative de l’expérience subjective des parents et de leur compréhension de la consultation d’oncogénétique à la recherche d’une prédisposition génétique. PSYCHO-ONCOLOGIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11839-015-0527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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