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Rødland GE, Temelie M, Eek Mariampillai A, Hauge S, Gilbert A, Chevalier F, Savu DI, Syljuåsen RG. Potential Benefits of Combining Proton or Carbon Ion Therapy with DNA Damage Repair Inhibitors. Cells 2024; 13:1058. [PMID: 38920686 PMCID: PMC11201490 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of charged particle radiotherapy is currently increasing, but combination therapy with DNA repair inhibitors remains to be exploited in the clinic. The high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation delivered by charged particles causes clustered DNA damage, which is particularly effective in destroying cancer cells. Whether the DNA damage response to this type of damage is different from that elicited in response to low-LET radiation, and if and how it can be targeted to increase treatment efficacy, is not fully understood. Although several preclinical studies have reported radiosensitizing effects when proton or carbon ion irradiation is combined with inhibitors of, e.g., PARP, ATR, ATM, or DNA-PKcs, further exploration is required to determine the most effective treatments. Here, we examine what is known about repair pathway choice in response to high- versus low-LET irradiation, and we discuss the effects of inhibitors of these pathways when combined with protons and carbon ions. Additionally, we explore the potential effects of DNA repair inhibitors on antitumor immune signaling upon proton and carbon ion irradiation. Due to the reduced effect on healthy tissue and better immune preservation, particle therapy may be particularly well suited for combination with DNA repair inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro Elise Rødland
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mihaela Temelie
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Adrian Eek Mariampillai
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sissel Hauge
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Antoine Gilbert
- UMR6252 CIMAP, Team Applications in Radiobiology with Accelerated Ions, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-Université de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France (F.C.)
| | - François Chevalier
- UMR6252 CIMAP, Team Applications in Radiobiology with Accelerated Ions, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-Université de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France (F.C.)
| | - Diana I. Savu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Randi G. Syljuåsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
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2
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Salem MG, Abu El-Ata SA, Elsayed EH, Mali SN, Alshwyeh HA, Almaimani G, Almaimani RA, Almasmoum HA, Altwaijry N, Al-Olayan E, Saied EM, Youssef MF. Novel 2-substituted-quinoxaline analogs with potential antiproliferative activity against breast cancer: insights into cell cycle arrest, topoisomerase II, and EGFR activity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33080-33095. [PMID: 37954422 PMCID: PMC10633821 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a global health concern, with increasing disease burden and disparities in access to healthcare. Late diagnosis and limited treatment options in underserved areas contribute to poor outcomes. In response to this challenge, we developed a novel family of 2-substituted-quinoxaline analogues, combining coumarin and quinoxaline scaffolds known for their anticancer properties. Through a versatile synthetic approach, we designed, synthesized, and characterized a set of 2-substituted quinoxaline derivatives. The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized compounds was assessed toward the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Our investigations showed that the synthesized compounds exhibit considerable antiproliferative activity toward MCF-7 cells. Notably, compound 3b, among examined compounds, displayed a superior inhibitory effect (IC50 = 1.85 ± 0.11 μM) toward the growth of MCF-7 cells compared to the conventional anticancer drug staurosporine (IC50 = 6.77 ± 0.41 μM) and showed minimal impact on normal cells (MCF-10A cell lines, IC50 = 33.7 ± 2.04 μM). Mechanistic studies revealed that compound 3b induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 transition and triggered apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, as evidenced by increasing the percentage of cells arrested in the G2/M and pre-G1 phases utilizing flow cytometric analysis and Annexin V-FITC/PI analysis. Moreover, compound 3b was found to substantially suppress topoisomerase enzyme activity in MCF-7 cells. Molecular modeling studies further supported the potential of compound 3b as a therapeutic candidate by demonstrating significant binding affinity to the active sites of both topoisomerase II and EGFR proteins. Taken together, the presented 2-substituted-quinoxaline analogues, especially compound 3b, show promise as potential candidates for the development of effective anti-breast cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar G Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| | - Sara A Abu El-Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University Port Said Egypt
| | - Elsherbiny H Elsayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University Port Said Egypt
| | - Suraj N Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology Ranchi 835215 India
| | - Hussah Abdullah Alshwyeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Centre, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University PO Box 1982 Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghassan Almaimani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain A Almasmoum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Altwaijry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University PO Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam Al-Olayan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa M Saied
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Mohamed F Youssef
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt
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3
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Zhou J, Du T, Wang X, Yao H, Deng J, Li Y, Chen X, Sheng L, Ji M, Xu B. Discovery of Quinazoline-2,4(1 H,3 H)-dione Derivatives Containing a Piperizinone Moiety as Potent PARP-1/2 Inhibitors─Design, Synthesis, In Vivo Antitumor Activity, and X-ray Crystal Structure Analysis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14095-14115. [PMID: 37843892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
PARP-1/2 inhibitors have become an important therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HR-deficient tumors. However, discovery of new inhibitors with an improved and distinct pharmacological file still need enormous explorations. Herein, a series of novel highly potent PARP-1/2 inhibitors bearing an N-substituted piperazinone moiety were achieved. In particular, Cpd36 was identified as a distinct PARP inhibitor, showing remarkable enzymatic activity not only toward PARP-1 (IC50 = 0.94 nM) and PARP-2 (IC50 = 0.87 nM) but also toward PARP-7 (IC50 = 0.21 nM), as well as high selectivity over other PARP isoforms. Furthermore, Cpd36 was orally bioavailable and significantly repressed the tumor growth in both breast cancer and prostate cancer xenograft model. The crystal structures of Cpd36 within PARP-1 and PARP-2 together with the predicted binding mode within PARP-7 revealed its binding features and provided insightful information for further developing highly potent and selective PARP-1 and/or PARP-7 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tingting Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Haiping Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jialing Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ming Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bailing Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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4
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Stauder MC. Radiation for inflammatory breast cancer: Updates. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 384:25-46. [PMID: 38637098 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a diagnosis based on a constellation of clinical features of edema (peau d'orange) of a third or more of the skin of the breast with a palpable border and a rapid onset of breast erythema. Incidence of IBC has increased over time, although it still makes up only 1-4% of all breast cancer diagnoses. Despite recent encouraging data on clinical outcomes, the published local-regional control rates remain consistently lower than the rates for non-IBC. In this review, we focus on radiotherapy, provide a framework for multi-disciplinary care for IBC, describe local-regional treatment techniques for IBC; highlight new directions in the management of patients with metastatic IBC and offer an introduction to future directions regarding the optimal treatment and management of IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Stauder
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, United States.
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5
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Nguyen TH, Stansborough J, Ong GJ, Surikow S, Price TJ, Horowitz JD. Antecedent cancer in Takotsubo syndrome predicts both cardiovascular and long-term mortality. CARDIO-ONCOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 5:20. [PMID: 32154026 PMCID: PMC7048128 DOI: 10.1186/s40959-019-0053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), primarily an acute myocardial inflammatory condition engendered by catecholamine exposure, is associated with similar long-term mortality rates to those of patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, there is increasing evidence of a nexus between TTS and underlying malignancies:- many patients have antecedent cancer (A/Ca), while incremental risk of late cancer-related death has also been reported. Purpose To evaluate potential interactions between A/Ca among TTS patients and both early and late clinical course. Methods Three hundred forty-six consecutive TTS patients [aged 69 ± 13 (SD) years, males: 8.2%] were prospectively followed up for a median duration of 4.1 (IQR 2.2–6.4) years. Associations between A/Ca and severity of acute attacks, in-hospital complications and long-term death rates were sought utilising univariate analyses followed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results A/Ca (present in 16.8% of patients) was associated with (i) greater elevation of hs-CRP and NT-proBNP concentrations (p = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively), (ii) more complicated in-hospital clinical course, with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in 30.9% of patients, compared to 18.2% in non-A/Ca patients (p = 0.04). Long-term all-cause mortality rate was also greater [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.4, p = 0.0001] in A/Ca patients, with an excess cardiovascular (CVS) fatality rate (HR = 3.1, p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, male gender, peak plasma concentrations of normetanephrine and hs-CRP, early arrhythmias and development of shock, but not A/Ca per se, were all independently associated with increased long-term mortality rate. Furthermore, patients discharged on β-adrenoceptor antagonists (βBl) or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/ angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEi/ARB) had lower long-term mortality rates (β = − 0.2, p = 0.01; β = − 0.14, p = 0.05, respectively). Conclusions (1) A/Ca is associated with greater clinical severity of initial TTS attacks and substantially greater long-term CVS-related as well as all-cause mortality. (2) Post-discharge therapy with either βBl or ACEi/ARB is associated with reductions in long-term mortality rates. Overall, the current data suggest operation of substantial interactions between neoplasia and TTS, both at the level of pathogenesis and of outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh H Nguyen
- 1Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA 5011 Australia.,2The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jeanette Stansborough
- 1Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA 5011 Australia
| | - Gao J Ong
- 1Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA 5011 Australia.,2The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sven Surikow
- 1Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA 5011 Australia.,2The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Timothy J Price
- 2The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,3Department of Medical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, Australia
| | - John D Horowitz
- 1Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA 5011 Australia.,2The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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6
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Singh R, Mehrotra S, Gopalakrishnan M, Gojo I, Karp JE, Greer JM, Chen A, Piekarz R, Kiesel BF, Gobburu J, Rudek MA, Beumer JH. Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response assessment of veliparib co-administered with temozolomide in patients with myeloid leukemias. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 83:319-328. [PMID: 30456480 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Veliparib is an oral inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme. Combination of veliparib and temozolomide was well-tolerated and demonstrated clinical activity in older patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or AML arising from pre-existing myeloid malignancies. We aimed to perform quantitative assessments of pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of veliparib in this patient population to inform future trial design. METHODS Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using Phoenix® NLME with pharmacokinetic data obtained from 37 subjects after oral administration of veliparib in a Phase I study with and without temozolomide. Effect of covariates (age, sex, BMI, creatinine clearance (CLCR), and co-administration of temozolomide) on the pharmacokinetics of veliparib were evaluated, as well as impact of veliparib exposure on mucositis (dose-limiting toxicity), objective response rate (ORR), and overall survival. RESULTS A two-compartment model with first-order elimination and a first-order absorption with lag-time adequately described veliparib pharmacokinetics. CLCR and body weight were clinically significant covariates for veliparib disposition. The proportion of subjects with all grade mucositis increased with veliparib exposure (AUC). However, no trend in ORR and overall survival was observed with increasing exposure. CONCLUSIONS Veliparib with temozolomide presents a promising combination for older patients with myeloid leukemias. An exposure-safety relationship was established for this combination. Further clinical investigations aimed at elucidating the veliparib exposure-efficacy/safety relationship and optimizing dosing recommendations for maximizing benefit-risk in patients with advanced myeloid malignancies should study veliparib doses ranging up to 120 mg in combination with temozolomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Singh
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shailly Mehrotra
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ivana Gojo
- The Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judith E Karp
- The Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Greer
- The Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alice Chen
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Piekarz
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jogarao Gobburu
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- The Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jan H Beumer
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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7
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Discovery of potent 2,4-difluoro-linker poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibitors with enhanced water solubility and in vivo anticancer efficacy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1521-1532. [PMID: 28770827 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, especially in breast and ovarian cancers; tumor cells that are deficient in breast cancer gene 1/2 (BRCA1/2) are highly sensitive to PARP1 inhibition. In this study, we identified a series of 2,4-difluorophenyl-linker analogs (15-55) derived from olaparib as novel PARP1 inhibitors. Four potent analogs 17, 43, 47, and 50 (IC50=2.2-4.4 nmol/L) effectively inhibited the proliferation of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V-C8 cells (IC50=3.2-37.6 nmol/L) in vitro, and showed specificity toward BRCA-deficient cells (SI=40-510). The corresponding hydrochloride salts 56 and 57 (based on 43 and 47) were highly water soluble in pH=1.0 buffered salt solutions (1628.2 μg/mL, 2652.5 μg/mL). In a BRCA1-mutated xenograft model, oral administration of compound 56 (30 mg·kg-1·d-1, for 21 d) exhibited more prominent tumor growth inhibition (96.6%) compared with the same dose of olaparib (56.3%); in a BRCA2-mutated xenograft model, oral administration of analog 43 (10 mg·kg-1·d-1, for 28 d) significantly inhibited tumor growth (69.0%) and had no negative effects on the body weights. Additionally, compound 56 exhibited good oral bioavailability (F=32.2%), similar to that of olaparib (F=45.4%). Furthermore, the free base 43 of the hydrochloride salt 56 exhibited minimal hERG inhibition activity (IC50=6.64 μmol/L). Collectively, these data demonstrate that compound 56 may be an excellent drug candidate for the treatment of cancer, particularly BRCA-deficient tumors.
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8
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Deng L, Lei Q, Wang Y, Wang Z, Xie G, Zhong X, Wang Y, Chen N, Qiu Y, Pu T, Bu H, Zheng H. Downregulation of miR-221-3p and upregulation of its target gene PARP1 are prognostic biomarkers for triple negative breast cancer patients and associated with poor prognosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108712-108725. [PMID: 29312562 PMCID: PMC5752475 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) closely associated with the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and their possible targets. This study recruited 125 early-stage TNBC patients, including 40 cases in the experimental group (20 cases with poor prognoses vs. 20 cases with good prognoses) and 85 cases in the validation group (27 cases with poor prognoses vs. 58 cases with good prognoses). In the experimental group, miRNA microarray showed 34 differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with different prognoses. We selected 5 miRNAs for validation. The differential expression of miR-221-3p was further verified in the experimental and validation groups using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). High miR-221-3p expression was associated with better 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 0.480; 95% CI, 0.263-0.879; p = 0.017) of TNBC patients. High expression of its target gene PARP1 predicted poorer 5-year DFS (HR = 2.236, 95% CI, 1.209-4.136, p = 0.010). MiR-221-3p down-regulated PARP1 by targeting its 3'-untranslated region. In conclusion, low miR-221-3p expression may contribute to the poor outcome of TNBC patients through regulating PARP1. MiR-221-3p likely plays a role as a PARP1 inhibitor by directly regulating PARP1 expression, thereby affecting the prognoses of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Lei
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute & Hospital & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiqin Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nianyong Chen
- Cancer center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianjie Pu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Bu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Cancer center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Chen W, Guo N, Qi M, Dai H, Hong M, Guan L, Huan X, Song S, He J, Wang Y, Xi Y, Yang X, Shen Y, Su Y, Sun Y, Gao Y, Chen Y, Ding J, Tang Y, Ren G, Miao Z, Li J. Discovery, mechanism and metabolism studies of 2,3-difluorophenyl-linker-containing PARP1 inhibitors with enhanced in vivo efficacy for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:514-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Discovery of 2-substituted 1 H -benzo[ d ]immidazole-4-carboxamide derivatives as novel poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 inhibitors with in vivo anti-tumor activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 132:26-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Targeted Therapies for Advanced Oesophagogastric Cancer: Recent Progress and Future Directions. Drugs 2016; 76:13-26. [PMID: 26620367 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The genomic landscape of oesophagogastric (OG) cancer is highly complex. The recent elucidation of some of the pathways involved has suggested a number of novel targets for therapy. This therapy is urgently required as with conventional chemotherapy regimens patients with advanced OG cancer still have a median overall survival of under a year. This review outlines the rationale for the current treatment of OG cancer with chemotherapy and describes both previously conducted and ongoing clinical trials of novel agents in this area. The targets and associated treatments discussed include HER-2, EGFR, VEGF, c-Met, FGFR-2, PI3K, mTOR andIGF-1. To date only two targeted treatments, trastuzumab and ramucirumab, have become part of the treatment paradigm for OG cancer, partly due to difficulties in defining predictive biomarkers in this disease. However, there are a number of promising drugs in the pipeline and this article seeks to describe these and other potential novel approaches including targeting DNA repair deficiencies and the immune system.
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12
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Young K, Starling N, Cunningham D. Targeting deficient DNA damage repair in gastric cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:1757-66. [PMID: 27488684 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1217992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over recent years our understanding of DNA damage repair has evolved leading to an expansion of therapies attempting to exploit DNA damage repair deficiencies across multiple solid tumours. Gastric cancer has been identified as a tumour where a subgroup of patients demonstrates deficiencies in the homologous recombination pathway providing a potential novel treatment approach for this poor prognosis disease. AREA COVERED This review provides an overview of DNA damage repair and how this has been targeted to date in other tumour types exploiting the concept of synthetic lethality. This is followed by a discussion of how deficiencies in homologous recombination may be identified across tumour types and on recent progress in targeting DNA repair deficiencies in gastric cancer. EXPERT OPINION Gastric cancer remains a difficult malignancy to treat and the possibility of targeting deficient DNA repair in a subgroup of patients is an exciting prospect. Future combinations with immunotherapy and radiotherapy are appealing and appear to have a sound biological rationale. However, much work remains to be done to understand the significance of the genetic and epigenetic alterations involved, to elucidate the optimum predictive signatures or biomarkers and to consider means of overcoming treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Young
- a Department of Medicine , The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, GI and Lymphoma Unit , Sutton , UK
| | - Naureen Starling
- a Department of Medicine , The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, GI and Lymphoma Unit , Sutton , UK
| | - David Cunningham
- a Department of Medicine , The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, GI and Lymphoma Unit , Sutton , UK
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Cass Y, Connor TH, Tabachnik A. Safe handling of oral antineoplastic medications: Focus on targeted therapeutics in the home setting. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2016; 23:350-378. [PMID: 27009803 DOI: 10.1177/1078155216637217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction With the growing number of oral targeted therapies being approved for use in cancer therapy, the potential for long-term administration of these drugs to cancer patients is expanding. The use of these drugs in the home setting has the potential to expose family members and caregivers to them either through direct contact with the drugs or indirectly by exposure to the parent compounds and/or their active metabolites in contaminated patients' waste. Methods A systematic literature review was performed and the known adverse health effect of 32 oral targeted therapeutics is summarized. In particular, the carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, and embryo-fetal toxicity, along with the route of excretion were evaluated. Results Carcinogenicity testing has not been performed on most of the oral targeted therapeutics and the genotoxicity data are mixed. However, the majority of these drugs exhibit adverse reproductive effects, some of which are severe. Currently, available data does not permit the possibility of a health hazard from inappropriate handling of drugs and contaminated patients waste to be ignored, especially in a long-term home setting. Further research is needed to understand these issues. Conclusions With the expanding use of targeted therapies in the home setting, family members and caregivers, especially those of reproductive risk age, are, potentially at risk. Overall basic education and related precautions should be taken to protect family members and caregivers from indirect or direct exposure from these drugs. Further investigations and discussion on this subject are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas H Connor
- 2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Chen H, Zeng X, Gao C, Ming P, Zhang J, Guo C, Zhou L, Lu Y, Wang L, Huang L, He X, Mei L. A new arylbenzofuran derivative functions as an anti-tumour agent by inducing DNA damage and inhibiting PARP activity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10893. [PMID: 26041102 PMCID: PMC4455115 DOI: 10.1038/srep10893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that 7-hydroxy-5, 4'-dimethoxy-2-arylbenzofuran (HDAB) purified from Livistona chinensis is a key active agent. The present study investigated the function and molecular mechanism of HDAB. HDAB treatment of cervical cancer cells resulted in S phase arrest and apoptosis, together with cyclin A2 and CDK2 upregulation. Cyclin A2 siRNA and a CDK inhibitor efficiently relieved S phase arrest but increased the apoptosis rate. Mechanistic studies revealed that HDAB treatment significantly increased DNA strand breaks in an alkaline comet assay and induced ATM, CHK1, CHK2 and H2A.X phosphorylation. Wortmannin (a broad inhibitor of PIKKs) and CGK733 (a specific ATM inhibitor), but not LY294002 (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor) or NU7026 (a DNA-PK specific inhibitor), prevented H2A.X phosphorylation and γH2A.X-positive foci formation in the nuclei, reversed S phase arrest and promoted the HDAB-induced apoptosis, suggesting that HDAB is a DNA damaging agent that can activate the ATM-dependent DNA repair response, thereby contributing to cell cycle arrest. In addition, molecular docking and in vitro activity assays revealed that HDAB can correctly dock into the hydrophobic pocket of PARP-1 and suppress PARP-1 ADP-ribosylation activity. Thus, the results indicated that HDAB can function as an anti-cancer agent by inducing DNA damage and inhibiting PARP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Chen
- The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy, The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Tsinghua University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy, The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Tsinghua University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy, The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Tsinghua University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pinghong Ming
- Clinical laboratory, Zhuhai People’s hospital, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Shenzhen Weiguang Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Caiping Guo
- Shenzhen Weiguang Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Lanzhen Zhou
- Shenzhen Weiguang Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center (DDDC), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy, The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Tsinghua University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Laiqiang Huang
- The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy, The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Tsinghua University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Mei
- The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy, The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Tsinghua University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Liu L, Ling X, Tang H, Chen J, Wen Q, Zou F. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation enhances H-RAS protein stability and causes abnormal cell cycle progression in human TK6 lymphoblastoid cells treated with hydroquinone. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 238:1-8. [PMID: 26047893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydroquinone (HQ), one of the most important benzene-derived metabolites, can induce aberrant cell cycle progression; however, the mechanism of this induction remains unclear. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), which is catalysed primarily by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), participates in various biological processes, including cell cycle control. The results of the present study show an accumulation in G1 phase versus S phase of TK6 human lymphoblast cells treated with HQ for 48h compared with PBS-treated cells; after 72h of HQ treatment, the cells transitioned from G1 arrest to S phase arrest. We examined the expression of six genes related to the cell cycle or leukaemia to further explore the reason for this phenomenon. Among these genes, H-RAS was found to be associated with this phenomenon because its mRNA and protein expression decreased at 48h and increased at 72h. Experiments for PARP activity induction and inhibition revealed that the observed PARylation was positively associated with H-RAS expression. Moreover, in cells treated with HQ in conjunction with PARP-1 knockdown, expression of the H-RAS protein decreased and the number of cells in G1 phase increased. The degree of poly(ADP-ribosyl) modification of the H-RAS protein increased in cells treated with HQ for 72h, further supporting that changes in PARylation contributed to the rapid alteration of H-RAS protein expression, followed by abnormal progression of the cell cycle. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays were employed to determine whether protein complexes were formed by PARP-1 and H-RAS proteins, and the direct interaction between these proteins indicated that PARylation regulated H-RAS expression. As detected by confocal microscopy, the H-RAS protein was found in the nucleus and cytoplasm. To our knowledge, this study is the first to reveal that H-RAS protein can be modified by PARylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ling
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| | - Jialong Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| | - Qiaosheng Wen
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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16
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Stauder MC, Woodward WA. Local-Regional Treatment of the Patient With Inflammatory Breast Cancer. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-014-0176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Piao L, Kang D, Suzuki T, Masuda A, Dohmae N, Nakamura Y, Hamamoto R. The histone methyltransferase SMYD2 methylates PARP1 and promotes poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation activity in cancer cells. Neoplasia 2014; 16:257-64, 264.e2. [PMID: 24726141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) catalyzes the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of protein acceptors using NAD(+) as the substrate is now considered as an important target for development of anticancer therapy. PARP1 is known to be post-translationally modified in various ways including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, but the physiological role of PARP1 methylation is not well understood. Herein we demonstrated that the histone methyltransferase SMYD2, which plays critical roles in human carcinogenesis, mono-methylated PARP1. We confirmed lysine 528 to be a target of SMYD2-dependent PARP1 methylation by LC-MS/MS and Edman Degradation analyses. Importantly, methylated PARP1 revealed enhanced poly(ADP-ribose) formation after oxidative stress, and positively regulated the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation activity of PARP1. Hence, our study unveils a novel mechanism of PARP1 in human cancer through its methylation by SMYD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Piao
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC2115, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Daechun Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akiko Masuda
- Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC2115, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC2115, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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18
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O’Sullivan CC, Moon DH, Kohn EC, Lee JM. Beyond Breast and Ovarian Cancers: PARP Inhibitors for BRCA Mutation-Associated and BRCA-Like Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2014; 4:42. [PMID: 24616882 PMCID: PMC3937815 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have shown clinical activity in patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutation (gBRCAm)-associated breast and ovarian cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that PARPi may have a wider application in the treatment of cancers defective in DNA damage repair pathways, such as prostate, lung, endometrial, and pancreatic cancers. Several PARPi are currently in phase I/II clinical investigation, as single-agents and/or combination therapy in these solid tumors. Understanding more about the molecular abnormalities involved in BRCA-like phenotype in solid tumors beyond breast and ovarian cancers, exploring novel therapeutic trial strategies and drug combinations, and defining potential predictive biomarkers are critical to expanding the scope of PARPi therapy. This will improve clinical outcome in advanced solid tumors. Here, we briefly review the preclinical data and clinical development of PARPi, and discuss its future development in solid tumors beyond gBRCAm-associated breast and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara C. O’Sullivan
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dominic H. Moon
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Medical Research Scholars Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elise C. Kohn
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Peng H, Yuan X, Shi R, Wei X, Ren S, Yan C, Ding Y, Lin Y, Fan D, Yang M, Zhang Y, Xiong D. PHII-7 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in leukemia cell line K562 as well as its MDR- counterpart K562/A02 through producing reactive oxygen species. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 718:459-68. [PMID: 23911883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle that hinders the efficacy of chemotherapy in many human malignancies. PHII-7 is a derivative of indirubin, which was designed and synthesized by our laboratory. Our preliminary work indicated its potent antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, based on the model of MDR cell line, we found its powerful effects in inhibiting the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and killing multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells with the detailed mechanism remained to be explored. Reactive oxygen species are known for high reactive activity as they possess unmatched electrons. In this study, we showed that PHII-7 generated equal reactive oxygen species in parental K562 and its counterpart MDR K562/A02 cells. Pre-incubation with thiol antioxidants glutathione or N-acetyl-cysteine(NAC) almost abolished the cytotoxicity of PHII-7. Moreover, NAC abrogated DNA damage, cell cycle arrests and apoptosis induced by PHII-7. Our results collectively indicated that reactive oxygen species production induced by PHII-7 contributed to both apoptosis and cell cycle arrets in MDR K562/A02 cells, thus extending our prior related findings. Notably, JNK phosphorylation was also induced by PHII-7 and pre-incubated of K562/A02 cells with NAC or inhibitor of JNK(SP006125) eliminated P-gp downregulation. Taken together, our results may provide a detailed biochemical basis for further clinical application of PHII-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, First affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
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20
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Brueseke TJ, Tewari KS. Toll-like receptor 8: augmentation of innate immunity in platinum resistant ovarian carcinoma. Clin Pharmacol 2013; 5:13-9. [PMID: 23723721 PMCID: PMC3666910 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s40401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecologic cancer, with 15,000 anticipated deaths within the United States alone in 2012, and new treatment strategies are needed. Ovarian cancer tumors are known to host an immunosuppressive microenvironment. This suppression may be reversible via activation of the innate immune response. Toll-like receptor 8 activates innate immunity while simultaneously inhibiting the effects of regulatory T cells within the ovarian cancer tumors. VTX-2337 is a novel small molecule ligand of Toll-like receptor 8 and is currently the subject of a Phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG)-3003 for patients with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. We look forward to the results of this trial as support for the paradigm of process therapy in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Brueseke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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21
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Ye N, Chen CH, Chen T, Song Z, He JX, Huan XJ, Song SS, Liu Q, Chen Y, Ding J, Xu Y, Miao ZH, Zhang A. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Series of Benzo[de][1,7]naphthyridin-7(8H)-ones Bearing a Functionalized Longer Chain Appendage as Novel PARP1 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2885-903. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301825t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Chuan-Huizi Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - TianTian Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Zilan Song
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Jin-Xue He
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Qiufeng Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Yi Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Jian Ding
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
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Chen JH, Yang CH, Wang YS, Lee JG, Cheng CH, Chou CC. Acrylamide-induced mitochondria collapse and apoptosis in human astrocytoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 51:446-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yoshimoto K, Mizoguchi M, Hata N, Murata H, Hatae R, Amano T, Nakamizo A, Sasaki T. Complex DNA repair pathways as possible therapeutic targets to overcome temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2012; 2:186. [PMID: 23227453 PMCID: PMC3514620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many conventional chemotherapeutic drugs exert their cytotoxic function by inducing DNA damage in the tumor cell. Therefore, a cell-inherent DNA repair pathway, which reverses the DNA-damaging effect of the cytotoxic drugs, can mediate therapeutic resistance to chemotherapy. The monofunctional DNA-alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug and the gold standard treatment for glioblastoma (GBM). Although the activity of DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) has been described as the main modulator to determine the sensitivity of GBM to TMZ, a subset of GBM does not respond despite MGMT inactivation, suggesting that another DNA repair mechanism may also modulate the tolerance to TMZ. Considerable interest has focused on MGMT, mismatch repair (MMR), and the base excision repair (BER) pathway in the mechanism of mediating TMZ resistance, but emerging roles for the DNA strand-break repair pathway have been demonstrated. In the first part of this review article, we briefly review the significant role of MGMT, MMR, and the BER pathway in the tolerance to TMZ; in the last part, we review the recent publications that demonstrate possible roles of DNA strand-break repair pathways, such as single-strand break repair and double-strand break repair, as well as the Fanconi anemia pathway in the repair process after alkylating agent-based therapy. It is possible that all of these repair pathways have a potential to modulate the sensitivity to TMZ and aid in overcoming the therapeutic resistance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
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24
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Wang Z, Wang F, Tang T, Guo C. The role of PARP1 in the DNA damage response and its application in tumor therapy. Front Med 2012; 6:156-64. [PMID: 22660976 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-012-0197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-strand break repair protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) catalyzes the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of many key proteins in vivo and thus plays important roles in multiple DNA damage response pathways, rendering it a promising target in cancer therapy. The tumor-suppressor effects of PARP inhibitors have attracted significant interest for development of novel cancer therapies. However, recent evidence indicated that the underlying mechanism of PARP inhibitors in tumor therapy is more complex than previously expected. The present review will focus on recent progress on the role of PARP1 in the DNA damage response and PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy. The emerging resistance of BRCA-deficient tumors to PARP inhibitors is also briefly discussed from the perspective of DNA damage and repair. These recent research advances will inform the selection of patient populations who can benefit from the PARP inhibitor treatment and development of effective drug combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wang
- Laboratory of Disease Genomics and Individual Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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25
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Gangopadhyay NN, Luketich JD, Opest A, Visus C, Meyer EM, Landreneau R, Schuchert MJ. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) induces apoptosis in lung cancer cell lines. Cancer Invest 2012; 29:608-16. [PMID: 22011283 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2011.621916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have tested PJ34, a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), against various lung cancer cell lines (Calu-6, A549, and H460) and normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). While using WST1 dye assay, lung cancer cells exhibited LD(50) values of approximately 30 μM PJ34 (72-hr assay). Molecular data showed that the effect of PJ34-induced apoptosis on lung cancer cells occurs via a caspase-dependent pathway. The present study has clearly shown that (a) PARP inhibitor can independently kill tumor cells, (b) caspase-3 has modest influence on PARP-inhibitor-mediated cancer-specific toxicity, and (c) a pan-caspase inhibitor decreases the apoptotic effect of PJ34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur N Gangopadhyay
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 15213, USA.
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26
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Battista N, Meloni MA, Bari M, Mastrangelo N, Galleri G, Rapino C, Dainese E, Agrò AF, Pippia P, Maccarrone M. 5-Lipoxygenase-dependent apoptosis of human lymphocytes in the International Space Station: data from the ROALD experiment. FASEB J 2012; 26:1791-8. [PMID: 22253478 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-199406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The functional adaptation of the immune system to the surrounding environment is also a fundamental issue in space. It has been suggested that a decreased number of lymphocytes might be a cause of immunosuppression, possibly due to the induction of apoptosis. Early activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) might play a central role in the initiation of the apoptotic program. The goal of the role of apoptosis in lymphocyte depression (ROALD) experiment, flown on the International Space Station as part of the BIO-4 mission of the European Space Agency, was to ascertain the induction of apoptosis in human lymphocytes under authentic microgravity, and to elucidate the possible involvement of 5-LOX. Our results demonstrate that exposure of human lymphocytes to microgravity for 48 h onboard the ISS remarkably increased apoptotic hallmarks such as DNA fragmentation (∼3-fold compared to ground-based controls) and cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein expression (∼3-fold), as well as mRNA levels of apoptosis-related markers such as p53 (∼3-fold) and calpain (∼4-fold); these changes were paralleled by an early increase of 5-LOX activity (∼2-fold). Our findings provide a molecular background for the immune dysfunction observed in astronauts during space missions, and reveal potential new markers to monitor health status of ISS crew members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Battista
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Piazza A. Moro 45, I-64100 Teramo, Italy
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27
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Irshad S, Ashworth A, Tutt A. Therapeutic potential of PARP inhibitors for metastatic breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2012; 11:1243-51. [PMID: 21916578 DOI: 10.1586/era.11.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing understanding of the cellular aberrations inherent to cancer cells has allowed the development of therapies to target biological pathways, an important step towards individualization of breast cancer therapy. The clinical development of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, with their novel and selective mechanism of action, are an example of this strategy. PARP plays a key role in DNA repair mechanisms, particularly the base excision repair pathway. Initially developed as inhibitors able to enhance the cytotoxicity of radiation and certain DNA-damaging agents, they have more recently been shown to have single-agent activity in certain tumors. Inhibition of PARP in a DNA repair-defective tumor can lead to gross genomic instability and cell death by exploiting the paradigm of synthetic lethality. Several studies have evaluated the role of PARP inhibitors for treatment of breast cancer, particularly in the context of BRCA-mutated and triple-negative breast cancers. In addition, inhibition of PARPs repair functions for chemotherapy-induced DNA lesions has been shown to potentiate the effect of some chemotherapy regimens. This article discusses the current understanding of PARP inhibition as a treatment for metastatic breast cancer, evidence from clinical trials and addresses its future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Irshad
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Unit Research Oncology, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, Kings College London School of Medicine, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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28
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Lamb RS, Citarelli M, Teotia S. Functions of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase superfamily in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:175-89. [PMID: 21861184 PMCID: PMC11114847 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is the covalent attachment of ADP-ribose subunits from NAD(+) to target proteins and was first described in plants in the 1970s. This post-translational modification is mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and removed by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolases (PARGs). PARPs have important functions in many biological processes including DNA repair, epigenetic regulation and transcription. However, these roles are not always associated with enzymatic activity. The PARP superfamily has been well studied in animals, but remains under-investigated in plants. Although plants lack the variety of PARP superfamily members found in mammals, they do encode three different types of PARP superfamily proteins, including a group of PARP-like proteins, the SRO family, that are plant specific. In plants, members of the PARP family and/or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation have been linked to DNA repair, mitosis, innate immunity and stress responses. In addition, members of the SRO family have been shown to be necessary for normal sporophytic development. In this review, we summarize the current state of plant research into poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and the PARP superfamily in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Lamb
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Yang WS, Moon HG, Kim HS, Choi EJ, Yu MH, Noh DY, Lee C. Proteomic approach reveals FKBP4 and S100A9 as potential prediction markers of therapeutic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:1078-88. [PMID: 22074005 DOI: 10.1021/pr2008187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although doxorubicin (Doxo) and docetaxel (Docet) in combination are widely used in treatment regimens for a broad spectrum of breast cancer patients, a major obstacle has emerged in that some patients are intrinsically resistant to these chemotherapeutics. Our study aimed to discover potential prediction markers of drug resistance in needle-biopsied tissues of breast cancer patients prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tissues collected before chemotherapy were analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 2,331 proteins were identified and comparatively quantified between drug sensitive (DS) and drug resistant (DR) patient groups by spectral count. Of them, 298 proteins were differentially expressed by more than 1.5-fold. Some of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were further confirmed by Western blotting. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the DEPs were largely associated with drug metabolism, acute phase response signaling, and fatty acid elongation in mitochondria. Clinical validation of two selected proteins by immunohistochemistry found that FKBP4 and S100A9 might be putative prediction markers in discriminating the DR group from the DS group of breast cancer patients. The results demonstrate that a quantitative proteomics/bioinformatics approach is useful for discovering prediction markers of drug resistance, and possibly for the development of a new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Suk Yang
- BRI, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 39-1 Hawolgok, Seongbuk, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
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Travelli C, Drago V, Maldi E, Kaludercic N, Galli U, Boldorini R, Di Lisa F, Tron GC, Canonico PL, Genazzani AA. Reciprocal potentiation of the antitumoral activities of FK866, an inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, and etoposide or cisplatin in neuroblastoma cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 338:829-40. [PMID: 21685314 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.184630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD is an essential coenzyme involved in numerous metabolic pathways. Its principal role is in redox reactions, and as such it is not heavily "consumed" by cells. Yet a number of signaling pathways that bring about its consumption have recently emerged. This has brought about the hypothesis that the enzymes that lead to its biosynthesis may be targets for anticancer therapy. In particular, inhibition of the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase has been shown to be an effective treatment in a number of preclinical studies, and two lead molecules [N-[4-(1-benzoyl-4-piperidinyl)butyl]-3-(3-pyridinyl)-2E-propenamide (FK866) and (E)-1-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]-2-cyano-3-(pyridin-4-yl)guanidine (CHS 828)] have now entered preclinical trials. Yet, the full potential of these drugs is still unclear. In the present study we have investigated the role of FK866 in neuroblastoma cell lines. We now confirm that FK866 alone in neuroblastoma cells induces autophagy, and its effects are potentiated by chloroquine and antagonized by 3-methyladenine or by down-regulating autophagy-related protein 7. Autophagy, in this model, seems to be crucial for FK866-induced cell death. On the other hand, a striking potentiation of the effects of cisplatin and etoposide is given by cotreatment of cells with ineffective concentrations of FK866 (1 nM). The effect of etoposide on DNA damage is potentiated by FK866 treatment, whereas the effect of FK866 on cytosolic NAD depletion is potentiated by etoposide. Even more strikingly, cotreatment with etoposide/cisplatin and FK866 unmasks an effect on mitochondrial NAD depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Travelli
- Department of Chemical, Food, Pharmaceutical, and Pharmacological Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Fossey SL, Bear MD, Lin J, Li C, Schwartz EB, Li PK, Fuchs JR, Fenger J, Kisseberth WC, London CA. The novel curcumin analog FLLL32 decreases STAT3 DNA binding activity and expression, and induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma cell lines. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:112. [PMID: 21443800 PMCID: PMC3074561 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Curcumin is a naturally occurring phenolic compound shown to have a wide variety of antitumor activities; however, it does not attain sufficient blood levels to do so when ingested. Using structure-based design, a novel compound, FLLL32, was generated from curcumin. FLLL32 possesses superior biochemical properties and more specifically targets STAT3, a transcription factor important in tumor cell survival, proliferation, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. In our previous work, we found that several canine and human osteosarcoma (OSA) cell lines, but not normal osteoblasts, exhibit constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3. Compared to curcumin, we hypothesized that FLLL32 would be more efficient at inhibiting STAT3 function in OSA cells and that this would result in enhanced downregulation of STAT3 transcriptional targets and subsequent death of OSA cells. Methods Human and canine OSA cells were treated with vehicle, curcumin, or FLLL32 and the effects on proliferation (CyQUANT®), apoptosis (SensoLyte® Homogeneous AMC Caspase- 3/7 Assay kit, western blotting), STAT3 DNA binding (EMSA), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), survivin, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) expression (RT-PCR, western blotting) were measured. STAT3 expression was measured by RT-PCR, qRT- PCR, and western blotting. Results Our data showed that FLLL32 decreased STAT3 DNA binding by EMSA. FLLL32 promoted loss of cell proliferation at lower concentrations than curcumin leading to caspase-3- dependent apoptosis, as evidenced by PARP cleavage and increased caspase 3/7 activity; this could be inhibited by treatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Treatment of OSA cells with FLLL32 decreased expression of survivin, VEGF, and MMP2 at both mRNA and protein levels with concurrent decreases in phosphorylated and total STAT3; this loss of total STAT3 occurred, in part, via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Conclusions These data demonstrate that the novel curcumin analog FLLL32 has biologic activity against OSA cell lines through inhibition of STAT3 function and expression. Future work with FLLL32 will define the therapeutic potential of this compound in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Fossey
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Abstract
A role for miRNAs in modulating cellular responses to DNA damage and chemotherapy is emerging. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Moskwa and colleagues propose a novel function for miR-182 in the posttranscriptional regulation of BRCA1 expression and in DNA repair (Moskwa et al., 2011).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Yao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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