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Liu Z, Chiu YC, Chen Y, Huang Y. A Metastatic Cancer Expression Generator (MetGen): A Generative Contrastive Learning Framework for Metastatic Cancer Generation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1653. [PMID: 38730604 PMCID: PMC11083328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in tumor biology and clinical therapeutics, metastasis remains the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. While RNA-seq technology has been used extensively to study metastatic cancer characteristics, challenges persist in acquiring adequate transcriptomic data. To overcome this challenge, we propose MetGen, a generative contrastive learning tool based on a deep learning model. MetGen generates synthetic metastatic cancer expression profiles using primary cancer and normal tissue expression data. Our results demonstrate that MetGen generates comparable samples to actual metastatic cancer samples, and the cancer and tissue classification yields performance rates of 99.8 ± 0.2% and 95.0 ± 2.3%, respectively. A benchmark analysis suggests that the proposed model outperforms traditional generative models such as the variational autoencoder. In metastatic subtype classification, our generated samples show 97.6% predicting power compared to true metastatic samples. Additionally, we demonstrate MetGen's interpretability using metastatic prostate cancer and metastatic breast cancer. MetGen has learned highly relevant signatures in cancer, tissue, and tumor microenvironments, such as immune responses and the metastasis process, which can potentially foster a more comprehensive understanding of metastatic cancer biology. The development of MetGen represents a significant step toward the study of metastatic cancer biology by providing a generative model that identifies candidate therapeutic targets for the treatment of metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Yu-Chiao Chiu
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Population Health Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yufei Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Lee DE, Jang EH, Bang C, Kim GL, Yoon SY, Lee DH, Koo J, Na JH, Lee S, Kim JH. Bakuchiol, main component of root bark of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, inhibits TGF-β-induced in vitro EMT and in vivo metastasis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 709:108969. [PMID: 34153297 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a second leading cause of death worldwide, and metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related mortality. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), known as phenotypic change from epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells, is a crucial biological process during development. However, inappropriate activation of EMT contributes to tumor progression and promoting metastasis; therefore, inhibiting EMT is considered a promising strategy for developing drugs that can treat or prevent cancer. In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of bakuchiol (BC), a main component of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, in human cancer cells using A549, HT29 and MCF7 cells. In MTT and colony forming assay, BC exerted cytotoxicity activity against cancer cells and inhibited proliferation of these cells. Anti-metastatic effects by BC were further confirmed by observing decreased migration and invasion in TGF-β-induced cancer cells after BC treatment. Furthermore, BC treatment resulted in increase of E-cadherin expression and decrease of Snail level in Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis, supporting its anti-metastatic activity. In addition, BC inhibited lung metastasis of tail vein injected human cancer cells in animal model. These findings suggest that BC inhibits migration and invasion of cancers by suppressing EMT and in vivo metastasis, thereby may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyang Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeeun Bang
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye Lim Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeun Koo
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Radaic A, Ganther S, Kamarajan P, Grandis J, Yom SS, Kapila YL. Paradigm shift in the pathogenesis and treatment of oral cancer and other cancers focused on the oralome and antimicrobial-based therapeutics. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:76-93. [PMID: 34463982 PMCID: PMC8415008 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The oral microbiome is a community of microorganisms, comprised of bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protozoa, that form a complex ecosystem within the oral cavity. Although minor perturbations in the environment are frequent and compensable, major shifts in the oral microbiome can promote an unbalanced state, known as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis can promote oral diseases, including periodontitis. In addition, oral dysbiosis has been associated with other systemic diseases, including cancer. The objective of this review is to evaluate the epidemiologic evidence linking periodontitis to oral, gastrointestinal, lung, breast, prostate, and uterine cancers, as well as describe new evidence and insights into the role of oral dysbiosis in the etiology and pathogenesis of the cancer types discussed. Finally, we discuss how antimicrobials, antimicrobial peptides, and probiotics may be promising tools to prevent and treat these cancers, targeting both the microbes and associated carcinogenesis processes. These findings represent a novel paradigm in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer focused on the oral microbiome and antimicrobial‐based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Radaic
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sean Ganther
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sue S Yom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Tumor Microenvironment: Involved Factors and Signaling Pathways in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Context: Metastasis is a main cause of death in patients with cancer, whereby tumor cells withdraw from the primary site of the tumor mass and produce secondary tumor mass in new sites. Primary tumor cells depart collectively and individually to invade closed and distant sites. Evidence Acquisition: This review considers TME-derived factors that actuate signaling pathways to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) was the main resource. Google Scholar and Scopus were other databases for finding articles. Keywords that were inserted into the search box of databases to identify related articles were ‘metastasis’, ‘invasion’, ‘epithelial-mesenchymal transition’, ‘EMT’, ‘tumor microenvironment’, ‘TME’, ‘TME cells’, and ‘signaling pathway in EMT’. Titles and abstracts of the articles were studied to choose the right articles. Finally, 107 articles were selected to study in detail and use as references. Results: EMT is a type of metastasis that deprives epithelial single-cells of their characteristic features and acquires mesenchymal features facilitating the departure from the primary tumor mass. During EMT, cell-adhesion and apical-basal polarity rapture and cells obtain movement capability. The tumor microenvironment (TME) leads EMT through secretion factors and signaling pathways. As a result of activating these pathways, transcription factors that abolish epithelial gene expressions and augment mesenchymal gene expression are induced. Conclusions: In this review, recent research published in TME and EMT fields were highlighted and critically appraised. Effect of factors-derived TME cells on EMT were manifested that propose favorite targets for a therapeutic goal to inhibit metastasis. However, data about the effect of the combination of TME cells on metastasis have a small part in the literature.
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Lachat C, Peixoto P, Hervouet E. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition History: From Embryonic Development to Cancers. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060782. [PMID: 34067395 PMCID: PMC8224685 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that allows epithelial cells to progressively acquire a reversible mesenchymal phenotype. Here, we recount the main events in the history of EMT. EMT was first studied during embryonic development. Nowadays, it is an important field in cancer research, studied all around the world by more and more scientists, because it was shown that EMT is involved in cancer aggressiveness in many different ways. The main features of EMT's involvement in embryonic development, fibrosis and cancers are briefly reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lachat
- UMR 1098 RIGHT, University Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS-BFC, F-25000 Besançon, France; (P.P.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paul Peixoto
- UMR 1098 RIGHT, University Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS-BFC, F-25000 Besançon, France; (P.P.); (E.H.)
- EPIgenetics and GENe EXPression Technical Platform (EPIGENExp), University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Eric Hervouet
- UMR 1098 RIGHT, University Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS-BFC, F-25000 Besançon, France; (P.P.); (E.H.)
- EPIgenetics and GENe EXPression Technical Platform (EPIGENExp), University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
- DImaCell Platform, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
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De Las Rivas J, Brozovic A, Izraely S, Casas-Pais A, Witz IP, Figueroa A. Cancer drug resistance induced by EMT: novel therapeutic strategies. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2279-2297. [PMID: 34003341 PMCID: PMC8241801 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, important clinical benefits have been achieved in cancer patients by using drug-targeting strategies. Nevertheless, drug resistance is still a major problem in most cancer therapies. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) and tumour microenvironment have been described as limiting factors for effective treatment in many cancer types. Moreover, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has also been associated with therapy resistance in many different preclinical models, although limited evidence has been obtained from clinical studies and clinical samples. In this review, we particularly deepen into the mechanisms of which intermediate epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) states and its interconnection to microenvironment influence therapy resistance. We also describe how the use of bioinformatics and pharmacogenomics will help to figure out the biological impact of the EMT on drug resistance and to develop novel pharmacological approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, Cancer Research Center (CiC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Anamaria Brozovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sivan Izraely
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alba Casas-Pais
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Spain.,Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Coruña, Spain
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Angélica Figueroa
- Epithelial Plasticity and Metastasis Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Spain. .,Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Coruña, Spain.
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Kim GL, Jang EH, Lee DE, Bang C, Kang H, Kim S, Yoon SY, Lee DH, Na JH, Lee S, Kim JH. Amentoflavone, active compound of Selaginella tamariscina, inhibits in vitro and in vivo TGF-β-induced metastasis of human cancer cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 687:108384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liu L, Hu J, Yu T, You S, Zhang Y, Hu L. miR-27b-3p/MARCH7 regulates invasion and metastasis of endometrial cancer cells through Snail-mediated pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:492-500. [PMID: 31006800 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin E3 ligase membrane-associated RING-CH-type finger 7 (MARCH7), also known as axotrophin, was originally identified in mouse embryonic stem cells. MARCH7 is involved in T-cell proliferation, neuronal development, and the immune system. However, its role in endometrial cancer (EC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of MARCH7 in EC. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis were used to examine the expression of MARCH7, E-cadherin, Snail, and Vimentin in EC cell lines or clinical specimens. The role of MARCH7 in maintaining EC cell malignant phenotype was determined by transwell assay and using xenograft tumor model. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to determine whether MARCH7 is an authentic target of miR-27b-3p. Our data showed that the expression level of MARCH7 in EC tissues was higher than that in normal endometrium tissues. The level of MARCH7 was positively associated with that of Snail and Vimentin, clinical stage, and histological grade, while negatively associated with that of E-cadherin. Knockdown of MARCH7 inhibited the invasion and metastasis of EC cells in vitro and in vivo. The opposite effect was observed after overexpressing MARCH7. MARCH7 promoted invasion and metastasis of EC cells via the Snail-mediated pathway. Furthermore, MARCH7 was demonstrated to be an authentic target of miR-27b-3p, and miR-27b-3p decreased the stimulus effect induced by MARCH7. These data indicate that MARCH7 may be an oncogenic factor and a therapeutic target for EC. miR-27b-3p/MARCH7 may also regulate EC cell invasion and metastasis via the Snail-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tinghe Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Jiedu Sangen Decoction Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Colon Cancer SW480 Cells via Suppressing Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1495768. [PMID: 30356400 PMCID: PMC6176311 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1495768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Jiedu Sangen Decoction (JSD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been widely used in China to treat gastrointestinal cancer, especially as an adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of JSD and Jiedu Sangen aqueous extract (JSAE) in colon cancer cells and explored the underlining mechanisms by cytotoxicity assay, scratch assay, transwell migration assay, matrigel invasion assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and western blot analysis. We demonstrated that JSAE inhibited the growth of colon cancer SW480 cells in a dose-dependent manner and JSAE repressed cancer cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was reversed by JSAE via enhancing E-cadherin expression and attenuating protein levels of EMT promoting factors such as N-cadherin, Slug, and ZEB1. These findings provided the first experimental evidence confirming the efficacy of JSAE in repressing invasion and metastasis of CRC and paving a way for the broader use of JSD in clinic.
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Dhawan U, Sue MW, Lan KC, Buddhakosai W, Huang PH, Chen YC, Chen PC, Chen WL. Nanochip-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition: Impact of Physical Microenvironment on Cancer Metastasis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11474-11485. [PMID: 29557633 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly orchestrated process motivated by the nature of physical and chemical compositions of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The role of the physical framework of the TME in guiding cells toward EMT is poorly understood. To investigate this, breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were cultured on nanochips comprising tantalum oxide nanodots ranging in diameter from 10 to 200 nm, fabricated through electrochemical approach and collectively referred to as artificial microenvironments. The 100 and 200 nm nanochips induced the cells to adopt an elongated or spindle-shaped morphology. The key EMT genes, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin, displayed the spatial control exhibited by the artificial microenvironments. The E-cadherin gene expression was attenuated, whereas those of N-cadherin and vimentin were amplified by 100 and 200 nm nanochips, indicating the induction of EMT. Transcription factors, snail and twist, were identified for modulating the EMT genes in the cells on these artificial microenvironments. Localization of EMT proteins observed through immunostaining indicated the loss of cell-cell junctions on 100 and 200 nm nanochips, confirming the EMT induction. Thus, by utilizing an in vitro approach, we demonstrate how the physical framework of the TME may possibly trigger or assist in inducing EMT in vivo. Applications in the fields of drug discovery, biomedical engineering, and cancer research are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yi Cheng Chen
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering , National Taipei University of Technology , 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd , Taipei , Taiwan 10608 , ROC
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering , National Taipei University of Technology , 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd , Taipei , Taiwan 10608 , ROC
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Park MJ, Lee DE, Shim MK, Jang EH, Lee JK, Jeong SY, Kim JH. Piperlongumine inhibits TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by modulating the expression of E-cadherin, Snail1, and Twist1. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:243-249. [PMID: 28734931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease, and the occurrence of metastasis, which increases the lethality of primary tumors, is increasing. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process by which epithelial cells lose cell-cell adhesion properties and acquire mesenchymal properties, including motility and invasiveness. EMT is considered an early stage of metastasis; therefore, inhibiting EMT may be an effective anticancer therapy. In the present study, the antimetastatic effect of piperlongumine (PL) was assessed in human cancer cells. PL is a single component isolated from long pepper (Piper longum) and it has been studied for its antibacterial, antiangiogenic, and antidiabetic activities. Migration assays (wound healing assay) and transwell invasion assays showed that PL inhibited the migration and invasion of cancer cells. Western blotting and immunofluorescence imaging showed that TGF-β upregulated the transcription factors Snail1 and Twist1 and downregulated E-cadherin, a marker of epithelial cells, inducing EMT. PL might inhibit TGF-β-induced EMT by downregulating Snail1 and Twist1 and upregulating E-cadherin in cancer cells. In summary, PL might inhibit TGF-β-induced EMT, suggesting that it is a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ju Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyang Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Jeong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Li X, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Chen T, Chen K, Ba Q, Li J, Liu H, Wang H. Preclinical Efficacy and Safety Assessment of Artemisinin-Chemotherapeutic Agent Conjugates for Ovarian Cancer. EBioMedicine 2016; 14:44-54. [PMID: 27939426 PMCID: PMC5161434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin (ARS) and its derivatives, which are clinically used antimalarial agents, have shown antitumor activities. Their therapeutic potencies, however, are limited by their low solubility and poor bioavailability. Here, through a pharmacophore hybridization strategy, we synthesized ARS-drug conjugates, in which the marketed chemotherapeutic agents chlorambucil, melphalan, flutamide, aminoglutethimide, and doxifluridine, were separately bonded to Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) through various linkages. Of these, the artemisinin-melphalan conjugate, ARS4, exhibited most toxicity to human ovarian cancer cells but had low cytotoxicity to normal cells. ARS4 inhibited the growth and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells and resulted in S-phase arrest, apoptosis, and inhibition of migration; these effects were stronger than those of its parent drugs, DHA and melphalan. Furthermore, ARS4 modulated the expression of proteins involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, in mice, ARS4 inhibited growth and intraperitoneal dissemination and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells without observable toxic effects. Our results provide a basis for development of the compound as a chemotherapeutic agent. Research in context Artemisinin compounds have recently received attention as anticancer agents because of their clinical safety profiles and broad efficacy. However, their therapeutic potencies are limited by low solubility and poor bioavailability. Here, we report that ARS4, an artemisinin-melphalan conjugate, possesses marked in-vitro and in-vivo antitumor activity against ovarian cancer, the effects of which are stronger than those for its parent drugs, Dihydroartemisinin and melphalan. In mice, ARS4 inhibits localized growth of ovarian cancer cells and intraperitoneal dissemination and metastasis without appreciable host toxicity. Thus, for patients with ovarian cancer, ARS4 is a promising chemotherapeutic agent. Artemisinin-drug conjugates were designed via pharmacophore hybridization strategy ARS4 induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells and cell cycle arrest and reversed the EMT polarity In mice, ARS4 inhibited growth and intraperitoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer cells with no appreciable host toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- School of Public health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kerong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Ba
- School of Public health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jingquan Li
- School of Public health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.
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O'Flanagan CH, Bowers LW, Hursting SD. A weighty problem: metabolic perturbations and the obesity-cancer link. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 23:47-57. [PMID: 26167982 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for several cancers, including breast, colon, endometrial, ovarian, gastric, pancreatic and liver, and is increasingly a public health concern. Obese cancer patients often have poorer prognoses, reduced response to standard treatments, and are more likely to develop metastatic disease than normo-weight individuals. Many of the pathologic features of obesity promote tumor growth, such as metabolic perturbations, hormonal and growth factor imbalances, and chronic inflammation. Although obesity exacerbates tumor development, the interconnected relationship between the two conditions presents opportunities for new treatment approaches, some of which may be more successful in obese cohorts. Here, we discuss the many ways in which excess adiposity can impact cancer development and progression and address potential preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of obesity-related cancers.
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Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Aggressive Lung Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 890:37-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24932-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Lee E, Pandey NB, Popel AS. Crosstalk between cancer cells and blood endothelial and lymphatic endothelial cells in tumour and organ microenvironment. Expert Rev Mol Med 2015; 17:e3. [PMID: 25634527 PMCID: PMC4352000 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2015.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumour and organ microenvironments are crucial for cancer progression and metastasis. Crosstalk between multiple non-malignant cell types in the microenvironments and cancer cells promotes tumour growth and metastasis. Blood and lymphatic endothelial cells (BEC and LEC) are two of the components in the microenvironments. Tumour blood vessels (BV), comprising BEC, serve as conduits for blood supply into the tumour, and are important for tumour growth as well as haematogenous tumour dissemination. Lymphatic vessels (LV), comprising LEC, which are relatively leaky compared with BV, are essential for lymphogenous tumour dissemination. In addition to describing the conventional roles of the BV and LV, we also discuss newly emerging roles of these endothelial cells: their crosstalk with cancer cells via molecules secreted by the BEC and LEC (also called angiocrine and lymphangiocrine factors). This review suggests that BEC and LEC in various microenvironments can be orchestrators of tumour progression and proposes new mechanism-based strategies to discover new therapies to supplement conventional anti-angiogenic and anti-lymphangiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esak Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Niranjan B. Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aleksander S. Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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