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Åberg M, Robertson J, Djekic D, Rosengren A, Schaufelberger M, Kuhn G, Åberg ND, Schiöler L, Lindgren M. Body Weight in Adolescent Men in Sweden and Risk of an Early Acute Coronary Event: A Prospective Population-Based Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023:e029336. [PMID: 37301742 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.029336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronary heart disease remains the dominant cause of death worldwide. To improve cardiovascular disease prevention, knowledge of early key risk factors, especially those that are modifiable, is essential. The ongoing global obesity epidemic is of particular concern. We aimed to determine whether body mass index at conscription predicts early acute coronary events among men in Sweden. Methods and Results This was a population-based Swedish cohort study of conscripts (n=1 668 921; mean age, 18.3 years; 1968-2005), with follow-up through linkage to the nationwide Swedish patient and death registries. Risk of a first acute coronary event (hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction or coronary death) during follow-up (1-48 years) was calculated with generalized additive models. Objective baseline measures of fitness and cognition were included in the models in secondary analyses. During follow-up, there were 51 779 acute coronary events, of which 6457 (12.5%) were fatal within 30 days. Compared with men at the lowest end of the normal body mass index spectrum (body mass index, 18.5 kg/m2), an increasing risk for a first acute coronary event was observed, with hazard ratios (HRs) peaking at 40 years of age. After multivariable adjustments, men with a body mass index of 35 kg/m2 had an HR of 4.84 (95% CI, 4.29-5.46) for an event before the age of 40 years. Conclusions An increased risk of an early acute coronary event was detectable within normal levels of body weight at the age of 18 years, increasing to almost 5-fold in the highest weight category at 40 years of age. Given increasing levels of body weight and prevalence of overweight and obesity in young adults, the current decrease in coronary heart disease incidence in Sweden may flatten or even reverse in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Åberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Regionhälsan Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Josefina Robertson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Demir Djekic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Cardiology Unit Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Region Västra Götaland Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Annika Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Cardiology Unit Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Region Västra Götaland Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Maria Schaufelberger
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Cardiology Unit Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Region Västra Götaland Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Georg Kuhn
- Centre for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - N David Åberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Linus Schiöler
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Martin Lindgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Cardiology Unit Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Region Västra Götaland Gothenburg Sweden
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Lu Y, Wiltshire HD, Baker JS, Wang Q, Ying S. The effect of Tabata-style functional high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health and physical activity in female university students. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1095315. [PMID: 36923290 PMCID: PMC10008870 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1095315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and physical inactivity enhances exposure to cardiometabolic risk factors in university students. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improved cardiometabolic health in clinical adults but the evidence in the university setting is limited. Furthermore, few studies examined the effect of low-volume HIIT on habitual physical activity (PA). Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 12-week Tabata-style functional HIIT for improving multiple cardiometabolic health outcomes and habitual PA. We also investigated whether changes in habitual PA over the intervention period had an impact on exercise-induced health outcomes. Methods: 122 female freshmen were randomized into the Tabata group (n = 60) and the control (n = 62). The Tabata training protocol involved 8 × 20 s maximal repeated functional exercises followed by 10 s rest with a frequency of 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Body composition, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), blood pressure (BP), blood lipids, fasting glucose and insulin, C-reactive protein and PA were objectively measured using standardized methods. Dietary intake was measured using a valid food frequency questionnaire. All variables were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results: Mixed linear modelling results showed that there were large intervention effects on VO2max (p < 0.001, d = 2.53, 95% CI: 2.03 to 3.00 for relative VO2max; p < 0.001, d = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.76 to 2.68 for absolute VO2max), resting heart rate (p < 0.001, d = -1.82, 95% CI: -2.23 to -1.37), systolic BP (p < 0.001, d = -1.24, 95% CI: -1.63 to -0.84), moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) (p < 0.001, d = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.83 to 2.77), total PA (p < 0.001, d = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.53 to 2.41); moderate effects on %BF (p < 0.001, d = -1.15, 95% CI: -1.53 to -0.75), FM (p < 0.001, d = -1.08, 95% CI: -1.46 to -0.69), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p < 0.001, d = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.65 to 1.42), total cholesterol (p = 0.001, d = -0.64, 95% CI: -1.00 to -0.26); small effects on BMI (p = 0.011, d = -0.48, 95% CI: -0.84 to 0.11), WC (p = 0.043, d = -0.37, 95% CI: -0.74 to -0.01), low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.003, d = -0.57, 95% CI: -0.93 to -0.19), HOMA-IR (p = 0.026, d = -0.42, 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.05) and fasting insulin (p = 0.035, d = -0.40, 95% CI: -0.76 to -0.03). Regression analysis showed that only the percentage change of HDL was associated with the change of MVPA (b = 0.326, p = 0.015) and TPA (b = 0.480, p = 0.001). Conclusion: From the findings of the study we can conclude that 12-week low-volume Tabata-style functional HIIT was highly effective for university female students to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, body fat, some cardiometabolic health outcomes and habitual PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Huw D Wiltshire
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Steven Baker
- Centre for Population Health and Medical Informatics, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanshan Ying
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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11
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Danzaki K, Matsui Y, Ikesue M, Ohta D, Ito K, Kanayama M, Kurotaki D, Morimoto J, Iwakura Y, Yagita H, Tsutsui H, Uede T. Interleukin-17A Deficiency Accelerates Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:273-80. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.229997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Interleukin(IL)-17A, an inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in atherosclerosis, in which inflammatory cells within atherosclerotic plaques express IL-17A. However, its role in the development of atheroscelrosis remains to be controversial.
Methods and Results—
To directly examine the role of IL-17A in atherosclerosis, we generated apolipoprotein E (ApoE)/IL-17A double-deficient (ApoE
−/−
IL-17A
−/−
) mice. Mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for either 8 or 16 weeks, both starting at ages of 6 to 8 weeks. We found that splenic CD4
+
T-cells produced high amounts of IL-17A in ApoE
−/−
mice after HFD feeding for 8 weeks. Atherosclerosis was significantly accelerated in HFD-fed ApoE
−/−
IL-17A
−/−
mice compared with ApoE
−/−
mice. Splenic CD4
+
T-cells of ApoE
−/−
IL-17A
−/−
mice after HFD feeding for 8 weeks, but not for 16 weeks, exhibited increased interferon gamma and decreased IL-5 production. Importantly, formation of vulnerable plaque as evidenced by reduced numbers of vascular smooth muscle cells and reduced type I collagen deposition in the plaque was detected in ApoE
−/−
IL-17A
−/−
mice after HFD feeding for 8 weeks.
Conclusion—
These results suggest that IL-17A regulates the early phase of atherosclerosis development after HFD feeding and plaque stability, at least partly if not all by modulating interferon gamma and IL-5 production from CD4
+
T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Danzaki
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (K.D., M.I., D.O., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.), Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology (Y.I.), Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology (H.Y.), Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo,
| | - Yutaka Matsui
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (K.D., M.I., D.O., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.), Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology (Y.I.), Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology (H.Y.), Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo,
| | - Masahiro Ikesue
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (K.D., M.I., D.O., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.), Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology (Y.I.), Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology (H.Y.), Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo,
| | - Daichi Ohta
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (K.D., M.I., D.O., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.), Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology (Y.I.), Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology (H.Y.), Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo,
| | - Koyu Ito
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (K.D., M.I., D.O., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.), Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology (Y.I.), Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology (H.Y.), Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo,
| | - Masashi Kanayama
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (K.D., M.I., D.O., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.), Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology (Y.I.), Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology (H.Y.), Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo,
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (K.D., M.I., D.O., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.), Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology (Y.I.), Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology (H.Y.), Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo,
| | - Junko Morimoto
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (K.D., M.I., D.O., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.), Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology (Y.I.), Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology (H.Y.), Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo,
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (K.D., M.I., D.O., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.), Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology (Y.I.), Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology (H.Y.), Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo,
| | - Hideo Yagita
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (K.D., M.I., D.O., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.), Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology (Y.I.), Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology (H.Y.), Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo,
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (K.D., M.I., D.O., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.), Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology (Y.I.), Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology (H.Y.), Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo,
| | - Toshimitsu Uede
- From the Division of Molecular Immunology (K.D., M.I., D.O., K.I., M.K., J.M., T.U.), Department of Matrix Medicine (Y.M., D.K., T.U.), Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology (Y.I.), Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology (H.Y.), Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.T.), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo,
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