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Bouzari B, Chugaeva UY, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. Immunometabolites in viral infections: Action mechanism and function. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29807. [PMID: 39037069 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between viral pathogens and host metabolism plays a pivotal role in determining the outcome of viral infections. Upon viral detection, the metabolic landscape of the host cell undergoes significant changes, shifting from oxidative respiration via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to increased aerobic glycolysis. This metabolic shift is accompanied by elevated nutrient accessibility, which is vital for cell function, development, and proliferation. Furthermore, depositing metabolites derived from fatty acids, TCA intermediates, and amino acid catabolism accelerates the immunometabolic transition, facilitating pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial responses. Immunometabolites refer to small molecules involved in cellular metabolism regulating the immune response. These molecules include nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, along with metabolic intermediates and signaling molecules adenosine, lactate, itaconate, succinate, kynurenine, and prostaglandins. Emerging evidence suggests that immunometabolites released by immune cells establish a complex interaction network within local niches, orchestrating and fine-tuning immune responses during viral diseases. However, our current understanding of the immense capacity of metabolites to convey essential cell signals from one cell to another or within cellular compartments remains incomplete. Unraveling these complexities would be crucial for harnessing the potential of immunometabolites in therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss specific immunometabolites and their mechanisms of action in viral infections, emphasizing recent findings and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bouzari
- Department of Pathology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Uliana Y Chugaeva
- Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Tang WD, Zhu WY, Tang HL, Zhao P, Zhao LJ. Engagement of AKT and ERK signaling pathways facilitates infection of human neuronal cells with West Nile virus. J Virus Erad 2024; 10:100368. [PMID: 38601702 PMCID: PMC11004658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2024.100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is an important neurotropic virus that accounts for the emergence of human arboviral encephalitis and meningitis. The interaction of WNV with signaling pathways plays a key role in controlling WNV infection. We have investigated the roles of the AKT and ERK pathways in supporting WNV propagation and modulating the inflammatory response following WNV infection. WNV established a productive infection in neuronal cell lines originated from human and mouse. Expression of IL-11 and TNF-α was markedly up-regulated in the infected human neuronal cells, indicating elicitation of inflammation response upon WNV infection. WNV incubation rapidly activated signaling cascades of AKT (AKT-S6-4E-BP1) and ERK (MEK-ERK-p90RSK) pathways. Treatment with AKT inhibitor MK-2206 or MEK inhibitor U0126 abrogated WNV-induced AKT or ERK activation. Strong activation of AKT and ERK signaling pathways could be detectable at 24 h after WNV infection, while such activation was abolished at 48 h post infection. U0126 treatment or knockdown of ERK expression significantly increased WNV RNA levels and viral titers and efficiently decreased IL-11 production induced by WNV, suggesting the involvement of ERK pathway in WNV propagation and IL-11 induction. MK-2206 treatment enhanced WNV RNA replication accompanied with a moderate decrease in IL-11 production. These results demonstrate that engagement of AKT and ERK signaling pathways facilitates viral infection and may be implicated in WNV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Da Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Yang Zhu
- The 16th Student Brigade, College of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lin Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
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Yang TH, Gao WC, Ma X, Liu Q, Pang PP, Zheng YT, Jia Y, Zheng CB. A Review on The Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease of Flaviviridea Viruses Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:365. [PMID: 38543730 PMCID: PMC10974792 DOI: 10.3390/v16030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the Flaviviridae family, encompassing the Flavivirus and Hepacivirus genera, are implicated in a spectrum of severe human pathologies. These diseases span a diverse spectrum, including hepatitis, vascular shock syndrome, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and adverse fetal outcomes, such as congenital heart defects and increased mortality rates. Notably, infections by Flaviviridae viruses have been associated with substantial cardiovascular compromise, yet the exploration into the attendant cardiovascular sequelae and underlying mechanisms remains relatively underexplored. This review aims to explore the epidemiology of Flaviviridae virus infections and synthesize their cardiovascular morbidities. Leveraging current research trajectories and our investigative contributions, we aspire to construct a cogent theoretical framework elucidating the pathogenesis of Flaviviridae-induced cardiovascular injury and illuminate prospective therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Hua Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (T.-H.Y.); (P.-P.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Diseases Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.M.); (Y.-T.Z.)
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Wen-Cong Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Diseases Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.M.); (Y.-T.Z.)
- College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Pan-Pan Pang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (T.-H.Y.); (P.-P.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Diseases Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.M.); (Y.-T.Z.)
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Diseases Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.M.); (Y.-T.Z.)
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yinnong Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Chang-Bo Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China;
- College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Vaccine Laboratory, Kunming 650500, China
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Hou YB, Chang S, Chen S, Zhang WJ. Intravenous immunoglobulin in kidney transplantation: Mechanisms of action, clinical applications, adverse effects, and hyperimmune globulin. Clin Immunol 2023; 256:109782. [PMID: 37742791 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been developed for over 40 years. The mechanisms of action of IVIG are complex and diverse, and there may be multiple mechanisms that combine to influence it. IVIG has been used in kidney transplantation for desensitization, treatment of antibody-mediated rejection, and ABO-incompatible transplantation. and treatment or prevention of some infectious diseases. Hyperimmune globulins such as cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin (CMV-IG) and hepatitis B hyperimmune globulin (HBIG) have also been used to protect against cytomegalovirus and hepatitis B virus, respectively. However, IVIG is also associated with some rare but serious adverse effects and some application risks, and clinicians need to weigh the pros and cons and develop individualized treatment programs to benefit more patients. This review will provide an overview of the multiple mechanisms of action, clinical applications, adverse effects, and prophylactic measures of IVIG, and hyperimmune globulin will also be introduced in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bo Hou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sheng Chang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Song Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Ulasi II, Burdmann EA, Ijoma CK, Chou LF, Yang CW. Neglected and Emerging Infections of The Kidney. Semin Nephrol 2023; 43:151472. [PMID: 38216373 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Individuals, societies, and the environment are affected by neglected and emerging diseases. These diseases result in a variety of severe outcomes, including permanent disabilities, chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease, and even mortality. Consequences include high health care expenditures, loss of means of support, social stigma, and social exclusion. The burden of these diseases is exacerbated in low- and middle-income countries owing to poverty, inadequate fundamental infrastructure, and the absence of health and social protection systems. The World Health Organization is committed to promoting the following public health strategies to prevent and control neglected tropical diseases: preventive chemotherapy; intensive case management; vector control; provision of safe drinkable water, sanitation, and hygiene; and veterinary public health. In addition, it promotes a One Health strategy, which is a collaborative, multisectoral, and interdisciplinary approach to achieving the greatest health outcomes by recognizing the interdependence of human beings, animals, plants, and their shared environment. This article provides knowledge and strategies for the prevention and treatment of neglected and emerging diseases, with a particular concentration on kidney diseases, as part of a comprehensive approach to One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma I Ulasi
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria-University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; Renal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel A Burdmann
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM 12), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de So Paulo, So Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chinwuba K Ijoma
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria-University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Li-Fang Chou
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Reynes JM, Schaeffer L, Papadopoulos P, Ait-Ahmed M, Siby-Diakite D, Ripaux-Lefèvre M, Buivan TP, Lechat S, Vray M, Galempoix JM. Molecular Detection of Orthohantavirus puumalaense in Plasma and Urine Samples from Hospitalized Patients Presenting with a Serologically Confirmed Acute Hantavirus Infection in France. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0037223. [PMID: 37486218 PMCID: PMC10446862 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00372-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular detection of Orthohantavirus puumalaense (PUUV) RNA during the course of the disease has been studied in blood of patients in Sweden and Slovenia. The use of urine has been poorly investigated. The aims of this work were to study PUUV RNA detection in plasma from a cohort of patients in France where a different PUUV lineage circulates and to assess the use of urine instead of plasma. Matched plasma and urine samples were collected daily from hospitalized patients presenting with fever, pain, and thrombocytopenia within the last 8 days and testing positive for IgM and IgG against PUUV in serum collected at inclusion and/or approximately 1 month after release. RNA was extracted from samples, and PUUV RNA was detected using real-time reverse transcription-PCR for plasma and urine samples. Sixty-seven patients presented a serologically confirmed acute hantavirus infection. At inclusion, PUUV RNA was detected in plasma from 55 of 62 patients (88.7%) sampled within the first week after disease onset, whereas it was detected in 15 of 60 (25.0%) of matched urine samples. It was then detected from 33 (71.7%) and 2 (4.4%) of 46 patients discharged from the hospital during the second week after disease onset, in plasma and urine, respectively. When PUUV RNA was detected in urine it was also detected in plasma, and not vice versa. Detection of PUUV RNA in plasma from hospitalized patients in France is similar to that observed in Sweden and Slovenia. Urine is not an appropriate sample for this detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Reynes
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Centre National de Référence Hantavirus, Paris, France
| | - Laura Schaeffer
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, Paris, France
| | - Pavlos Papadopoulos
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Centre National de Référence Hantavirus, Paris, France
| | - Mohand Ait-Ahmed
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle, Paris, France
| | - Dieyenaba Siby-Diakite
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Centre National de Référence Hantavirus, Paris, France
| | - Maryline Ripaux-Lefèvre
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Centre National de Référence Hantavirus, Paris, France
| | - Tan-Phuc Buivan
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Lechat
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal nord Ardennes, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Charleville- Mézières, France
| | - Muriel Vray
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Galempoix
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal nord Ardennes, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Charleville- Mézières, France
| | - for The HANTADIAG Study Group
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Centre National de Référence Hantavirus, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal nord Ardennes, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Charleville- Mézières, France
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal nord Ardennes, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Charleville- Mézières, France
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Diagnostic value of urine qRT-PCR for the diagnosis of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023. [PMID: 37390574 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.115920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Short and low-level viremia and virorachia, antibody cross-reactivity, IgM persistence, and inaccessibility of neutralization test, make laboratory diagnosis of West Nile virus (WNV) infection difficult. Recent investigations imply that WNV is excreted in urine longer and at higher concentrations compared to blood. The detection of WNV nucleic acid in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and urine samples collected from 41 patients with suspected WNV neuroinvasive disease, was done by real-time RT-PCR assay. CSF and serum samples were also serologically tested using anti-WNV IgM/IgG ELISA kits. WNV infection was confirmed in 46.3% of patients by positive WNV RNA results in serum and/or CSF samples. The WNV RNA testing of urine allowed confirmation of 31.7% more cases. No association between WNV RNA urine positivity and age, gender, or the day of sample collection was found. The urine qRT-PCR can be a valuable diagnostic test for confirmation of probable cases of WNV neuroinvasive disease.
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The value of West Nile virus RNA detection by real-time RT-PCR in urine samples from patients with neuroinvasive forms. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:238. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Karrasch M, Pein U, Fritz A, Lange D, Moritz S, Amann K, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Cadar D, Tappe D, Gabriel M. [West-Nile-Virus Infection acquired in Germany in a Kidney Transplant Recipient]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2021; 146:482-486. [PMID: 33780997 DOI: 10.1055/a-1218-9096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND West-Nile-Virus (WNV) is a widely distributed flavivirus that is mainly transmitted between birds through different mosquito species (e. g. Culex, Aedes), but may also be transmitted to mammals including humans. WNV causes a spectrum of disease, ranging from asymptomatic infection to encephalitis in a minority of cases. Risk factors for severe disease are older age, cardiovascular disease and an immunocompromised state. MEDICAL HISTORY AND CLINICAL EXAMINATION Here we report about a 60-year-old male patient who was referred to the University Hospital of Halle (Saale) with severe fever two years after kidney transplantation due to hypertensive nephropathy. No infection focus could be found and by day 6 in the course of his illness the patient developed neurologic symptoms and viral encephalitis was suspected. TREATMENT AND COURSE The patient was initially treated with aciclovir. After initial reduction of immunosuppression, coincident graft dysfunction was treated with methylprednisolon. WNV-infection was suspected due to recent emerging human cases in the nearby area of the city of Leipzig. WNV lineage 2 was detected in the patient's urine by RT-PCR and seroconversion with presence of anti WNV IgM and IgG could be demonstrated. Consecutively, aciclovir treatment was stopped. The patient fully recovered and the transplanted kidney regained adequate function. Kidney biopsy did not reveal gross rejection of the transplant. CONCLUSION This case highlights the need to consider rarer causes of illness like WNV-infection particularly in risk groups for more severe outcomes of infectious disease. WNV may be detected by PCR in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid early in the course of infection but it is also excreted for a prolonged period of time in the urine. Seroconversion to anti WNV IgG and IgM may be shown but serologic cross-reactivity among members of the flaviviridae family must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Karrasch
- Department für Labormedizin, Abteilung III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale)
| | - Ulrich Pein
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Halle (Saale)
| | - Annekathrin Fritz
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Halle (Saale)
| | - Danica Lange
- Klinische Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale)
| | - Stefan Moritz
- Klinische Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale)
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Nephropathologische Abteilung im Pathologischen Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
| | | | - Daniel Cadar
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg
| | - Dennis Tappe
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg
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Sumbria D, Berber E, Mathayan M, Rouse BT. Virus Infections and Host Metabolism-Can We Manage the Interactions? Front Immunol 2021; 11:594963. [PMID: 33613518 PMCID: PMC7887310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When viruses infect cells, they almost invariably cause metabolic changes in the infected cell as well as in several host cell types that react to the infection. Such metabolic changes provide potential targets for therapeutic approaches that could reduce the impact of infection. Several examples are discussed in this review, which include effects on energy metabolism, glutaminolysis and fatty acid metabolism. The response of the immune system also involves metabolic changes and manipulating these may change the outcome of infection. This could include changing the status of herpesviruses infections from productive to latency. The consequences of viral infections which include coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may also differ in patients with metabolic problems, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, and endocrine diseases. Nutrition status may also affect the pattern of events following viral infection and examples that impact on the pattern of human and experimental animal viral diseases and the mechanisms involved are discussed. Finally, we discuss the so far few published reports that have manipulated metabolic events in-vivo to change the outcome of virus infection. The topic is expected to expand in relevance as an approach used alone or in combination with other therapies to shape the nature of virus induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sumbria
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Engin Berber
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.,Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Manikannan Mathayan
- Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Barry T Rouse
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Zanoni F, Alfieri C, Moroni G, Passerini P, Regalia A, Meneghini M, Messa P. Delayed Diagnosis of West Nile Virus Infection in a Kidney Transplant Patient Due to Inaccuracies in Commonly Available Diagnostic Tests. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2020; 18:385-389. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.2018.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Cellular microRNA-155 Regulates Virus-Induced Inflammatory Response and Protects against Lethal West Nile Virus Infection. Viruses 2019; 12:v12010009. [PMID: 31861621 PMCID: PMC7019255 DOI: 10.3390/v12010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus that has disseminated globally as a significant cause of viral encephalitis in humans. MircoRNA-155 (miR-155) regulates various aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses. We previously reported that WNV infection induces upregulation of miR-155 in mice brains. In the current study, we demonstrate the critical role of miR-155 in restricting the pathogenesis of WNV infection in mice. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, miR-155 knockout mice exhibited significantly higher morbidity and mortality after infection with either a lethal strain, WNV NY99, or a non-lethal strain, WNV Eg101. Increased mortality in miR-155−/− mice was associated with significantly high WNV burden in the serum and brains. Protein levels of interferon (IFN)-α in the serum and brains were higher in miR-155−/− mice. However, miR-155−/− mice exhibited significantly lower protein levels of anti-viral interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12, IL-6, IL-15, and GM-CSF despite the high viral load. Primary mouse cells lacking miR-155 were more susceptible to infection with WNV compared to cells derived from WT mice. Besides, overexpression of miR-155 in human neuronal cells modulated anti-viral cytokine response and resulted in significantly lower WNV replication. These data collectively indicate that miR-155 restricts WNV production in mouse and human cells and protects against lethal WNV infection in mice.
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Jiménez de Oya N, Esler WP, Huard K, El-Kattan AF, Karamanlidis G, Blázquez AB, Ramos-Ibeas P, Escribano-Romero E, Louloudes-Lázaro A, Casas J, Sobrino F, Hoehn K, James DE, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Saiz JC, Martín-Acebes MA. Targeting host metabolism by inhibition of acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase reduces flavivirus infection in mouse models. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:624-636. [PMID: 30999821 PMCID: PMC6493301 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1604084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are (re)-emerging RNA viruses strictly dependent on lipid metabolism for infection. In the search for host targeting antivirals, we explored the effect of pharmacological modulation of fatty acid metabolism during flavivirus infection. Considering the central role of acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) on fatty acid metabolism, we analyzed the effect of three small-molecule ACC inhibitors (PF-05175157, PF-05206574, and PF-06256254) on the infection of medically relevant flaviviruses, namely West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus, and Zika virus. Treatment with these compounds inhibited the multiplication of the three viruses in cultured cells. PF-05175157 induced a reduction of the viral load in serum and kidney in WNV-infected mice, unveiling its therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic kidney disease associated with persistent WNV infection. This study constitutes a proof of concept of the reliability of ACC inhibitors to become viable antiviral candidates. These results support the repositioning of metabolic inhibitors as broad-spectrum antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nereida Jiménez de Oya
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - William P Esler
- b Worldwide Research and Development Pfizer , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Kim Huard
- b Worldwide Research and Development Pfizer , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | | | - Georgios Karamanlidis
- b Worldwide Research and Development Pfizer , Cambridge , MA , USA.,h Present address: Cardiometabolic Disorders Amgen Discovery Research , Thousand Oaks , California 91320 , USA
| | - Ana-Belén Blázquez
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Estela Escribano-Romero
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Andrés Louloudes-Lázaro
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- d Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry , Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) and CIBEREHD , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- e Department of Virology and Microbiology , Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Kyle Hoehn
- f School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - David E James
- g Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Medical School , University of Sydney , Australia
| | | | - Juan-Carlos Saiz
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín-Acebes
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
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Moura-Neto JA, Braga Silva CA, Moura AF, Rocco Suassuna JH. Emergent Arboviruses and Renal Transplantation: A Global Challenge. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 4:647-655. [PMID: 31080919 PMCID: PMC6506706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Zika, Chikungunya, Dengue, West Nile Fever, and Yellow Fever epidemics have generated some concerns. Besides difficulties related to vector control, there are challenges related to behavior of pathologies not yet fully understood. The transplanted population requires additional care due to immunosuppressive drugs. Furthermore, the potential risk of transmission during donation is another source of uncertainty and generates debate among nephrologists in transplant centers. Do the clinical outcomes and prognoses of these infections tend to be more aggressive in this population? Is there a risk of viral transmission via kidney donation? In this review article, we address these issues and discuss the relationship between arbovirus and renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Hermógenes Rocco Suassuna
- Clinical and Academic Unit of Nephrology, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Burdmann EA. Flaviviruses and Kidney Diseases. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2019; 26:198-206. [PMID: 31202392 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The genus Flavivirus comprises approximately 73 viruses, which share several common aspects, such as dimension, structure, nucleic acid properties, and shape in electronic microscopy. Global incidence of flavivirus infection increased dramatically over the last decades, causing large outbreaks in several areas of the world. These viruses are expanding from endemic tropical and subtropical areas to previously nonendemic areas, affecting and causing diseases in millions of individuals worldwide and posing a formidable challenge to public health in several countries. The majority of clinically significant flavivirus-associated infections are mosquito borne (arboviruses-acronym for ARthropod-BOrne VIRUSES), such as dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, Zika, and West Nile fever. Most diseases caused by flaviviruses are asymptomatic or manifest as self-limited, mild, undifferentiated febrile diseases. In a limited number of cases, these diseases may evolve to severe inflammatory, multisystem diseases, causing high morbidity and mortality. Some flaviviruses have been consistently identified in kidney tissue and urine and have been clinically associated with kidney diseases. In this review, we will provide an overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, kidney pathology, etiopathogenesis, and outcomes of acute and chronic kidney syndromes associated with dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and West Nile virus disease.
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16
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Woods CW, Sanchez AM, Swamy GK, McClain MT, Harrington L, Freeman D, Poore EA, Slifka DK, Poer DeRaad DE, Amanna IJ, Slifka MK, Cai S, Shahamatdar V, Wierzbicki MR, Amegashie C, Walter EB. An observer blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase I dose escalation trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated West Nile virus Vaccine, HydroVax-001, in healthy adults. Vaccine 2019; 37:4222-4230. [PMID: 30661836 PMCID: PMC6640644 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common mosquito-borne infection in the United States. HydroVax-001 WNV is a hydrogen peroxide inactivated, whole virion (WNV-Kunjin strain) vaccine adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide. Methods We performed a phase 1, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind (within dosing group), dose escalation clinical trial of the HydroVax-001 WNV vaccine administered via intramuscular injection. This trial evaluated 1 mcg and 4 mcg dosages of HydroVax-001 WNV vaccine given intramuscularly on day 1 and day 29 in healthy adults. The two dosing groups of HydroVax-001 were enrolled sequentially and each group consisted of 20 individuals who received HydroVax-001 and 5 who received placebo. Safety was assessed at all study days (days 1, 2, 4 and 15 post dose 1, and days 1, 2, 4, 15, 29, 57, 180 and 365 post dose 2), and reactogenicity was assessed for 14 days after administration of each dose. Immunogenicity was measured by WNV-specific plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT50) in the presence or absence of added complement or by WNV-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results HydroVax-001 was safe and well-tolerated as there were no serious adverse events or concerning safety signals. At the 1 mcg dose, HydroVax-001 was not immunogenic by PRNT50 but elicited up to 41% seroconversion by WNV-specific ELISA in the per-protocol population (PP) after the second dose. At the 4 mcg dose, HydroVax-001 elicited neutralizing antibody responses in 31% of the PP following the second dose. In the presence of added complement, PRNT50 seroconversion rates increased to 50%, and 75% seroconversion was observed by WNV-specific ELISA. Conclusions The HydroVax-001 WNV vaccine was found to be modestly immunogenic and welltolerated at all dose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Woods
- Duke Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Ana M Sanchez
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Geeta K Swamy
- Duke Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Micah T McClain
- Duke Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lynn Harrington
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Debra Freeman
- Duke Early Phase Research Unit, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark K Slifka
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Shu Cai
- National Institutes of Health, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Venus Shahamatdar
- National Institutes of Health, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Emmanuel B Walter
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Niedrig M, Patel P, El Wahed AA, Schädler R, Yactayo S. Find the right sample: A study on the versatility of saliva and urine samples for the diagnosis of emerging viruses. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:707. [PMID: 30594124 PMCID: PMC6311079 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of different viral infections during the last decades like dengue, West Nile, SARS, chikungunya, MERS-CoV, Ebola, Zika and Yellow Fever raised some questions on quickness and reliability of laboratory diagnostic tests for verification of suspected cases. Since sampling of blood requires medically trained personal and comprises some risks for the patient as well as for the health care personal, the sampling by non-invasive methods (e.g. saliva and/ or urine) might be a very valuable alternative for investigating a diseased patient. MAIN BODY To analyse the usefulness of alternative non-invasive samples for the diagnosis of emerging infectious viral diseases, a literature search was performed on PubMed for alternative sampling for these viral infections. In total, 711 papers of potential relevance were found, of which we have included 128 in this review. CONCLUSIONS Considering the experience using non-invasive sampling for the diagnostic of emerging viral diseases, it seems important to perform an investigation using alternative samples for routine diagnostics. Moreover, during an outbreak situation, evaluation of appropriate sampling and further processing for laboratory analysis on various diagnostic platforms are very crucial. This will help to achieve optimal diagnostic results for a good and reliable case identification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed Abd El Wahed
- Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Sergio Yactayo
- Control of Epidemic Diseases (CED), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Lustig Y, Sofer D, Bucris ED, Mendelson E. Surveillance and Diagnosis of West Nile Virus in the Face of Flavivirus Cross-Reactivity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2421. [PMID: 30369916 PMCID: PMC6194321 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile Virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus whose zoonotic cycle includes both mosquitoes and birds as amplifiers and humans and horses as dead-end hosts. In recent years WNV has been spreading globally and is currently endemic in Africa, The Middle East, India, Australia, central and southern Europe, and the Americas. Integrated surveillance schemes and environmental data aim to detect viral circulation and reduce the risk of infection for the human population emphasizing the critical role for One Health principles in public health. Approximately 20% of WNV infected patients develop West Nile Fever while in less than 1%, infection results in West Nile Neurological Disease. Currently, the diagnosis of WNV infection is primarily based on serology, since molecular identification of WNV RNA is unreliable due to the short viremia. The recent emergence of Zika virus epidemic in America and Asia has added another layer of complexity to WNV diagnosis due to significant cross-reactivity between several members of the Flaviviridae family such as Zika, dengue, Usutu, and West Nile viruses. Diagnosis is especially challenging in persons living in regions with flavivirus co-circulation as well as in travelers from WNV endemic countries traveling to Zika or dengue infected areas or vise-versa. Here, we review the recent studies implementing WNV surveillance of mosquitoes and birds within the One Health initiative. Furthermore, we discuss the utility of novel molecular methods, alongside traditional molecular and serological methods, in WNV diagnosis and epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Lustig
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Danit Sofer
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Efrat Dahan Bucris
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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19
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Abstract
The persistence of West Nile virus (WNV) infections throughout the USA since its inception in 1999 and its continuous spread throughout the globe calls for an urgent need of effective treatments and prevention measures. Although the licensing of several WNV vaccines for veterinary use provides a proof of concept, similar efforts on the development of an effective vaccine for humans remain still unsuccessful. Increased understanding of biology and pathogenesis of WNV together with recent technological advancements have raised hope that an effective WNV vaccine may be available in the near future. In addition, rapid progress in the structural and functional characterization of WNV and other flaviviral proteins have provided a solid base for the design and development of several classes of inhibitors as potential WNV therapeutics. Moreover, the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies demonstrate an excellent efficacy against WNV in animal models and represent a promising class of WNV therapeutics. However, there are some challenges as to the design and development of a safe and efficient WNV vaccine or therapeutic. In this chapter, we discuss the current approaches, progress, and challenges toward the development of WNV vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and antiviral drugs.
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20
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Wilson MR, Zimmermann LL, Crawford ED, Sample HA, Soni PR, Baker AN, Khan LM, DeRisi JL. Acute West Nile Virus Meningoencephalitis Diagnosed Via Metagenomic Deep Sequencing of Cerebrospinal Fluid in a Renal Transplant Patient. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:803-808. [PMID: 27647685 PMCID: PMC5347949 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant patients are vulnerable to suffering neurologic complications from a wide array of viral infections and can be sentinels in the population who are first to get serious complications from emerging infections like the recent waves of arboviruses, including West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, Zika virus, and Dengue virus. The diverse and rapidly changing landscape of possible causes of viral encephalitis poses great challenges for traditional candidate-based infectious disease diagnostics that already fail to identify a causative pathogen in approximately 50% of encephalitis cases. We present the case of a 14-year-old girl on immunosuppression for a renal transplant who presented with acute meningoencephalitis. Traditional diagnostics failed to identify an etiology. RNA extracted from her cerebrospinal fluid was subjected to unbiased metagenomic deep sequencing, enhanced with the use of a Cas9-based technique for host depletion. This analysis identified West Nile virus (WNV). Convalescent serum serologies subsequently confirmed WNV seroconversion. These results support a clear clinical role for metagenomic deep sequencing in the setting of suspected viral encephalitis, especially in the context of the high-risk transplant patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA,Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseMD
| | | | - E. D. Crawford
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA,Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
| | - H. A. Sample
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA,Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseMD
| | - P. R. Soni
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - A. N. Baker
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - L. M. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
| | - J. L. DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA,Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA
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21
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Van Hoeven N, Joshi SW, Nana GI, Bosco-Lauth A, Fox C, Bowen RA, Clements DE, Martyak T, Parks DE, Baldwin S, Reed SG, Coler RN. A Novel Synthetic TLR-4 Agonist Adjuvant Increases the Protective Response to a Clinical-Stage West Nile Virus Vaccine Antigen in Multiple Formulations. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149610. [PMID: 26901122 PMCID: PMC4762984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-transmitted member of the Flaviviridae family that has emerged in recent years to become a serious public health threat. Given the sporadic nature of WNV epidemics both temporally and geographically, there is an urgent need for a vaccine that can rapidly provide effective immunity. Protection from WNV infection is correlated with antibodies to the viral envelope (E) protein, which encodes receptor binding and fusion functions. Despite many promising E-protein vaccine candidates, there are currently none licensed for use in humans. This study investigates the ability to improve the immunogenicity and protective capacity of a promising clinical-stage WNV recombinant E-protein vaccine (WN-80E) by combining it with a novel synthetic TLR-4 agonist adjuvant. Using the murine model of WNV disease, we find that inclusion of a TLR-4 agonist in either a stable oil-in-water emulsion (SE) or aluminum hydroxide (Alum) formulation provides both dose and dosage sparing functions, whereby protection can be induced after a single immunization containing only 100 ng of WN-80E. Additionally, we find that inclusion of adjuvant with a single immunization reduced viral titers in sera to levels undetectable by viral plaque assay. The enhanced protection provided by adjuvanted immunization correlated with induction of a Th1 T-cell response and the resultant shaping of the IgG response. These findings suggest that inclusion of a next generation adjuvant may greatly enhance the protective capacity of WNV recombinant subunit vaccines, and establish a baseline for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Van Hoeven
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle, WA 98103, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sharvari Waghmare Joshi
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle, WA 98103, United States of America
| | - Ghislain Ismael Nana
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle, WA 98103, United States of America
| | - Angela Bosco-Lauth
- Colorado State University Department of Biomedical Sciences, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America
| | - Christopher Fox
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle, WA 98103, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Bowen
- Colorado State University Department of Biomedical Sciences, Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America
| | - David E. Clements
- Hawaii Biotech Inc. 99-193 Aiea Heights Drive, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, United States of America
| | - Timothy Martyak
- Hawaii Biotech Inc. 99-193 Aiea Heights Drive, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, United States of America
| | - D. Elliot Parks
- Hawaii Biotech Inc. 99-193 Aiea Heights Drive, Aiea, Hawaii 96701, United States of America
| | - Susan Baldwin
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle, WA 98103, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle, WA 98103, United States of America
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E., Seattle, WA 98103, United States of America
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Ergunay K, Kaplan B, Okar S, Akkutay-Yoldar Z, Kurne A, Arsava EM, Ozkul A. Urinary detection of toscana virus nucleic acids in neuroinvasive infections. J Clin Virol 2015; 70:89-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.07.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Ergunay K, Karagul A, Abudalal A, Hacioglu S, Us D, Erdem Y, Ozkul A. Prospective investigation of the impact of West Nile Virus infections in renal diseases. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1625-32. [PMID: 25965349 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An increased incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) after West Nile Virus (WNV) infections has been suggested but the association of WNV infections with renal damage remain inconclusive. This study was undertaken to characterize WNV infections in individuals with acute kidney injury (AKI) and CKD, and to evaluate hemodialysis as a probable transmission route. A total of 463 plasma and urine samples were collected from 45 AKI and 77 CKD patients. Nested and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were employed for viral RNA detection. Specific immunoglobulins were investigated via immunofluorescence and plaque reduction neutralization assays. Consecutive pre and post-dialysis samples were evaluated in CKD cases. WNV RNA and specific immunoglobulins were detected in 7 (5.7%) and 5 (4.1%) individuals, respectively. The AKI patients with WNV RNA in blood and urine had underlying diseases requiring immunosuppressive therapy and demonstrated moderate to high viral loads. No clinical symptom related to WNV infection were observed in CKD cases with detectable viral nucleic acids. All WNV sequences were characterized as lineage 1 clade 1a and several amino acid substitutions with unknown impact were noted. Detailed epidemiologic investigation of WNV RNA positive CKD cases revealed probable vector-borne virus exposure, without the evidence for transmission via hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University; Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aydan Karagul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University; Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayman Abudalal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University; Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sabri Hacioglu
- Department of Virology, Ankara University; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Durdal Us
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University; Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yunus Erdem
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University; Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Department of Virology, Ankara University; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Barzon L, Pacenti M, Ulbert S, Palù G. Latest developments and challenges in the diagnosis of human West Nile virus infection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:327-42. [PMID: 25641365 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1007044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus responsible for an increasing number of human outbreaks of neuroinvasive disease in Europe and in North America. Notwithstanding the improvements in the knowledge of virus epidemiology and clinical course of infection and the development of new laboratory tests, the diagnosis of WNV infection remains challenging and many cases still remain unrecognized. WNV genome diversity, transient viremia with low viral load and cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses of the antibodies induced by WNV infection are important hurdles that require the diagnosis to be performed by experienced laboratories. Herein, we present and discuss the novel findings on the molecular epidemiology and clinical features of WNV infection in humans with special focus on Europe, the performance of diagnostic tests and the novel methods that have been developed for the diagnosis of WNV infection. A view on how the field might evolve in the future is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
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25
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Isolation of West Nile virus from urine samples of patients with acute infection. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:3411-3. [PMID: 24951801 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01328-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrated that West Nile virus (WNV) excreted in the urine of patients with acute infection can be isolated in cell cultures. In addition, the protocols for WNV isolation from urine samples were standardized, and factors that may affect the efficiency of WNV isolation were identified.
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26
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Verstrepen BE, Fagrouch Z, van Heteren M, Buitendijk H, Haaksma T, Beenhakker N, Palù G, Richner JM, Diamond MS, Bogers WM, Barzon L, Chabierski S, Ulbert S, Kondova I, Verschoor EJ. Experimental infection of rhesus macaques and common marmosets with a European strain of West Nile virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2797. [PMID: 24743302 PMCID: PMC3990483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that infects humans and other mammals. In some cases WNV causes severe neurological disease. During recent years, outbreaks of WNV are increasing in worldwide distribution and novel genetic variants of the virus have been detected. Although a substantial amount of data exists on WNV infections in rodent models, little is known about early events during WNV infection in primates, including humans. To gain a deeper understanding of this process, we performed experimental infections of rhesus macaques and common marmosets with a virulent European WNV strain (WNV-Ita09) and monitored virological, hematological, and biochemical parameters. WNV-Ita09 productively infected both monkey species, with higher replication and wider tissue distribution in common marmosets compared to rhesus macaques. The animals in this study however, did not develop clinical signs of WNV disease, nor showed substantial deviations in clinical laboratory parameters. In both species, the virus induced a rapid CD56dimCD16bright natural killer response, followed by IgM and IgG antibody responses. The results of this study show that healthy rhesus macaques and common marmosets are promising animal models to study WNV-Ita09 infection. Both models may be particularly of use to evaluate potential vaccine candidates or to investigate WNV pathogenesis. West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that can infect mammals, including humans. Most infected humans do not develop disease, but in about 20% of cases humans develop WNV-related disease symptoms, varying in severity from fever to a sometimes life-threatening neuro-invasive disease. The number of WNV infections in Europe has increased in recent years and is caused by viruses that are genetically different from the viruses that caused the WNV epidemic in North America. In this study, we have experimentally infected two different monkey species, rhesus macaques and common marmosets, with the European WNV isolate Ita09 to evaluate the early events after infection and the onset of the disease. Both species were equally susceptible to infection with WNV-Ita09, but differences between species were observed. Compared to rhesus macaques, common marmosets had higher virus loads in blood, and presented a wider distribution of the virus in various organs. Based on the analysis of virological, immunological, biochemical and hematological parameters, we conclude that rhesus macaques as well as common marmosets are potentially useful animal models to evaluate vaccine candidates or to investigate WNV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babs E. Verstrepen
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie van Heteren
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Hester Buitendijk
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Haaksma
- Animal Science Department, Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Beenhakker
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Justin M. Richner
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Willy M. Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefan Chabierski
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ulbert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivanela Kondova
- Animal Science Department, Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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27
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Amanna IJ, Slifka MK. Current trends in West Nile virus vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:589-608. [PMID: 24689659 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.906309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has become endemic in the United States. From 1999-2012, there have been 37088 reported cases of WNV and 1549 deaths, resulting in a 4.2% case-fatality rate. Despite development of effective WNV vaccines for horses, there is no vaccine to prevent human WNV infection. Several vaccines have been tested in preclinical studies and to date there have been eight clinical trials, with promising results in terms of safety and induction of antiviral immunity. Although mass vaccination is unlikely to be cost effective, implementation of a targeted vaccine program may be feasible if a safe and effective vaccine can be brought to market. Further evaluation of new and advanced vaccine candidates is strongly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Amanna
- Najít Technologies, Inc., 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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28
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Barzon L, Pacenti M, Franchin E, Pagni S, Lavezzo E, Squarzon L, Martello T, Russo F, Nicoletti L, Rezza G, Castilletti C, Capobianchi MR, Salcuni P, Cattai M, Cusinato R, Palù G. Large human outbreak of West Nile virus infection in north-eastern Italy in 2012. Viruses 2013; 5:2825-39. [PMID: 24284876 PMCID: PMC3856417 DOI: 10.3390/v5112825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) disease have been reported in Italy since 2008. So far, most cases have been identified in north-eastern Italy, where, in 2012, the largest outbreak of WNV infection ever recorded in Italy occurred. Most cases of the 2012 outbreak were identified in the Veneto region, where a special surveillance plan for West Nile fever was in place. In this outbreak, 25 cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease and 17 cases of fever were confirmed. In addition, 14 WNV RNA-positive blood donors were identified by screening of blood and organ donations and two cases of asymptomatic infection were diagnosed by active surveillance of subjects at risk of WNV exposure. Two cases of death due to WNND were reported. Molecular testing demonstrated the presence of WNV lineage 1 in all WNV RNA-positive patients and, in 15 cases, infection by the novel Livenza strain was ascertained. Surveillance in other Italian regions notified one case of neuroinvasive disease in the south of Italy and two cases in Sardinia. Integrated surveillance for WNV infection remains a public health priority in Italy and vector control activities have been strengthened in areas of WNV circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy; E-Mails: (E.F.); (S.P.); (E.L.); (L.S.); (T.M.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova I-35128, Italy; E-Mails: (M.P.); (M.C.); (R.C.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (L.B.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-049-821-8946 (L.B.); Fax: +39-049-827-2355 (L.B.); Tel.: +39-049-827-2350 (G.P.); Fax: +39-049-827-2355 (G.P.)
| | - Monia Pacenti
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova I-35128, Italy; E-Mails: (M.P.); (M.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Elisa Franchin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy; E-Mails: (E.F.); (S.P.); (E.L.); (L.S.); (T.M.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova I-35128, Italy; E-Mails: (M.P.); (M.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Silvana Pagni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy; E-Mails: (E.F.); (S.P.); (E.L.); (L.S.); (T.M.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova I-35128, Italy; E-Mails: (M.P.); (M.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Enrico Lavezzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy; E-Mails: (E.F.); (S.P.); (E.L.); (L.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Laura Squarzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy; E-Mails: (E.F.); (S.P.); (E.L.); (L.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Thomas Martello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy; E-Mails: (E.F.); (S.P.); (E.L.); (L.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Francesca Russo
- Department of Public Health and Screening, Veneto Region, Venice I-30123, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Loredana Nicoletti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS), Rome I-00161, Italy; E-Mails: (L.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Giovanni Rezza
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS), Rome I-00161, Italy; E-Mails: (L.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) “L. Spallanzani”, Rome I-00149, Italy; E-Mails: (C.C.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) “L. Spallanzani”, Rome I-00149, Italy; E-Mails: (C.C.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Pasquale Salcuni
- Department of Prevention and Communication, Ministry of Health, Rome I-00144, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Margherita Cattai
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova I-35128, Italy; E-Mails: (M.P.); (M.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Riccardo Cusinato
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova I-35128, Italy; E-Mails: (M.P.); (M.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy; E-Mails: (E.F.); (S.P.); (E.L.); (L.S.); (T.M.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova I-35128, Italy; E-Mails: (M.P.); (M.C.); (R.C.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (L.B.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-049-821-8946 (L.B.); Fax: +39-049-827-2355 (L.B.); Tel.: +39-049-827-2350 (G.P.); Fax: +39-049-827-2355 (G.P.)
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29
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Barzon L, Pacenti M, Franchin E, Pagni S, Martello T, Cattai M, Cusinato R, Palù G. Excretion of West Nile Virus in Urine During Acute Infection. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:1086-92. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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