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Ogunnaike M, Das S, Raut SS, Sultana A, Nayan MU, Ganesan M, Edagwa BJ, Osna NA, Poluektova LY. Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: New Approaches towards Cure. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1208. [PMID: 37627273 PMCID: PMC10452112 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Lifelong treatment with nucleotides/nucleoside antiviral agents is effective at suppressing HBV replication, however, adherence to daily therapy can be challenging. This review discusses recent advances in the development of long-acting formulations for HBV treatment and prevention, which could potentially improve adherence. Promising new compounds that target distinct steps of the virus life cycle are summarized. In addition to treatments that suppress viral replication, curative strategies are focused on the elimination of covalently closed circular DNA and the inactivation of the integrated viral DNA from infected hepatocytes. We highlight promising long-acting antivirals and genome editing strategies for the elimination or deactivation of persistent viral DNA products in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojisola Ogunnaike
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Srijanee Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Samiksha S. Raut
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Ashrafi Sultana
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Mohammad Ullah Nayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Benson J. Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Larisa Y. Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (M.O.); (S.D.); (S.S.R.); (A.S.); (M.U.N.); (M.G.)
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2
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Qin Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Tao X, Zhao H, Wang H, Yu S, Sheng R. Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening and Structural Modification of Novel Benzamide Derivatives as HBV Capsid Assembly Modulators. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1277-1288. [PMID: 37661407 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common cause of death from liver disease worldwide. The use of capsid assembly modulators is considered a prominent strategy for the development of novel anti-HBV therapies. We performed a pharmacophore-based virtual screening strategy, and a benzamide scaffold hit, WAI-5, was chosen for further structural optimization. A series of novel HBV capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) were found. Compared with the lead hit, the representative compounds 11g and 11n exhibited a 10-fold increase in anti-HBV activity with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 1.74 and 1.90 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | - Shengdan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | - Yunwen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | | | - Hui Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | - Shuang Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | - Rong Sheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University
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3
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Xin XL, Zhang R, Yuan XM, Liu L. Mechanisms of IFNalpha-1a-Induced Apoptosis in a Laryngeal Cancer Cell Line. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7100-7114. [PMID: 31542790 PMCID: PMC6774267 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon alpha (IFNalpha) exerts its anti-proliferative effect on many human cancers. Among the 13 subtypes of human IFNalpha, IFNalpha-1 subtype has 2 variants, named IFNalpha-1a and IFNalpha-1b, that differ from each other in only 1 amino acid, at residue 114. However, the mechanism by which IFNalpha-1a mediates growth inhibition is still unclear. Material/Methods Human laryngeal carcinoma HEp2 cells were treated with IFNalpha-1a by either transient transfection or exogenous delivery. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis were carried out to assess apoptotic pathways active in IFNalpha-1a-treated HEp2 cells. Microarray analysis was conducted to uncover the differential gene expressions after IFNalpha-1a treatment. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was also performed. Results IFNalpha-1a markedly inhibited the proliferation and significantly promoted the apoptosis of HEp-2 cells. Mechanistic studies indicate that IFNalpha-1a-mediated cell apoptosis is directly linked to intrinsic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related apoptosis, but is independent of extrinsic apoptosis. The top 40 differentially expressed genes discovered by microarray analysis included 20 upregulated genes (e.g., IFI6, IFI27, IFI44L, and MIR548X) and 20 downregulated genes (e.g., PRKDC, HIST1H3B, DYNC1H1, and HIST1H2AM). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 4 out of 6 pathways are TP53-related. Conclusions We demonstrated a detailed mechanism involved in IFNalpha-1a-mediated anti-proliferation activity in human laryngeal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Xin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Mei Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
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4
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Chen Q, Zhang J, Huang J, Quan B, Wu X, Deng S, Han W. Early Serum HBsAg Drop Is a Strong Predictor of HBeAg Seroconversion and HBsAg Loss to Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2a in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Prior Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Exposure. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4665-4674. [PMID: 31230063 PMCID: PMC6604672 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High rates of HBeAg and/or HBsAg seroconversion or clearance have been achieved in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving pegylated interferon (pegIFN) in addition to ongoing nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC) treatment. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate HBsAg kinetics to predict HBeAg seroconversion and HBsAg clearance in these patients. Material/Methods A total of 33 HBeAg-positive and 17 HBeAg-negative patients were enrolled between January 2010 and January 2018. At the end of pegIFN treatment, 9 of 50 patients achieved HBsAg clearance, and 9 of 33 HBeAg-positive patients achieved HBeAg seroconversion. Results The cutoff value of 0.41 log10 IU/mL in HBsAg decline at week 12 had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 58.3% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 94.6% for HBsAg clearance. The cutoff value of 1.94 log10 IU/mL in HBsAg decline at week 24 had a PPV of 80.0% and an NPV of 97.5% for HBsAg clearance. The cutoff value of 0.47 log10 IU/mL in HBsAg decline at week 12 had a PPV of 83.3% and an NPV of 85.2% for HBeAg seroconversion. The cutoff value of 1.29 log10 IU/mL in in HBsAg decline at week 24 had a PPV of 85.7% and an NPV of 88.5% for HBeAg seroconversion. Conclusions Early HBsAg drop has a high predictive value for HBsAg clearance and HBeAg seroconversion in patients who were treated with combination therapy of pegIFN and NUCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Clinical Blood Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Jianjun Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Quan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Shengming Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wenzheng Han
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
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5
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Thi EP, Dhillon AP, Ardzinski A, Bidirici-Ertekin L, Cobarrubias KD, Cuconati A, Kondratowicz AS, Kwak K, Li AHL, Miller A, Pasetka C, Pei L, Phelps JR, Snead NM, Wang X, Ye X, Sofia MJ, Lee ACH. ARB-1740, a RNA Interference Therapeutic for Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:725-737. [PMID: 30403127 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current approved nucleoside analogue treatments for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are effective at controlling viral titer but are not curative and have minimal impact on the production of viral proteins such as surface antigen (HBsAg), the HBV envelope protein believed to play a role in maintaining the immune tolerant state required for viral persistence. Novel agents are needed to effect HBV cure, and reduction of HBV antigenemia may potentiate activation of effective and long-lasting host immune control. ARB-1740 is a clinical stage RNA interference agent composed of three siRNAs delivered using lipid nanoparticle technology. In a number of cell and animal models of HBV, ARB-1740 caused HBV RNA reduction, leading to inhibition of multiple elements of the viral life cycle including HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBcAg viral proteins as well as replication marker HBV DNA. ARB-1740 demonstrated pan-genotypic activity in vitro and in vivo, targeting three distinct highly conserved regions of the HBV genome, and effectively inhibited replication of nucleoside analogue-resistant HBV variants. Combination of ARB-1740 with a capsid inhibitor and pegylated interferon-alpha led to greater liver HBsAg reduction which correlated with more robust induction of innate immune responses in a human chimeric mouse model of HBV. The preclinical profile of ARB-1740 demonstrates the promise of RNA interference and HBV antigen reduction in treatment strategies driving toward a cure for HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P. Thi
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Ammen P. Dhillon
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Andrzej Ardzinski
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Lale Bidirici-Ertekin
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Kyle D. Cobarrubias
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Andrea Cuconati
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | | | - Kaylyn Kwak
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Alice H. L. Li
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Angela Miller
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Chris Pasetka
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Luying Pei
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Janet R. Phelps
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Nicholas M. Snead
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Xiaohe Wang
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Xin Ye
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Michael J. Sofia
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
| | - Amy C. H. Lee
- Arbutus Biopharma, 701 Veterans Circle, Warminster, Pennsylvania 18974 United States
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6
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Li J, Zhang X, Chen L, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wang W, Wu M, Shi B, Zhang X, Kozlowski M, Hu Y, Yuan Z. Circulating miR-210 and miR-22 combined with ALT predict the virological response to interferon-alpha therapy of CHB patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15658. [PMID: 29142236 PMCID: PMC5688172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) therapy of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is constrained by limited response and side effects. We described a panel of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) which could potentially predict outcome of IFN-α therapy. Here, we report development of a simplified scoring model for personalized treatment of CHB patients. 112 CHB patients receiving IFN-α treatment were randomly divided into a training (n = 75) or a validation group (n = 37). The expression of 15 candidate miRNAs was detected in training group with 5 miRNAs exhibiting significantly different levels (p < 0.0001) between early virological response (EVR) and non-early virological response (N-EVR). These 5 miRNAs were further tested in validation phase. Refinement analyses of results from training phase established a model composed of miR-210, miR-22 and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), with area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.874 and 0.816 in training and validation groups, respectively. In addition, this model showed prognostic value for sustained virological response (SVR) (AUC = 0.821). Collectively, this simplified scoring model composed of miR-210, miR-22 and ALT can reproducibly predict the EVR and SVR of IFN-α therapy in CHB patients. The model should help to forecast the outcome of IFN-α treatment prior to therapy decision involving nucleoside analogs or IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanqing Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixia Wang
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bisheng Shi
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Maya Kozlowski
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunwen Hu
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Research Unit, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Ortega-Prieto AM, Dorner M. Immune Evasion Strategies during Chronic Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:E24. [PMID: 28862649 PMCID: PMC5620555 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are a major global healthcare problem with more than 240 million and 70 million infected, respectively. Both viruses persist within the liver and result in progressive liver disease, resulting in liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Strikingly, this pathogenesis is largely driven by immune responses, unable to clear an established infection, rather than by the viral pathogens themselves. Even though disease progression is very similar in both infections, HBV and HCV have evolved distinct mechanisms, by which they ensure persistence within the host. Whereas HCV utilizes a cloak-and-dagger approach, disguising itself as a lipid-like particle and immediately crippling essential pattern-recognition pathways, HBV has long been considered a "stealth" virus, due to the complete absence of innate immune responses during infection. Recent developments and access to improved model systems, however, revealed that even though it is among the smallest human-tropic viruses, HBV may, in addition to evading host responses, employ subtle immune evasion mechanisms directed at ensuring viral persistence in the absence of host responses. In this review, we compare the different strategies of both viruses to ensure viral persistence by actively interfering with viral recognition and innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Dorner
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
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8
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Lu D, Liu F, Xing W, Tong X, Wang L, Wang Y, Zeng L, Feng C, Yang L, Zuo J, Hu Y. Optimization and Synthesis of Pyridazinone Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors of Hepatitis B Virus by Inducing Genome-free Capsid Formation. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:199-205. [PMID: 27989113 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The capsid of hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a vital role in virus DNA replication. Targeting nucleocapsid function has been demonstrated as an effective approach for anti-HBV drug development. A high-throughput screening and mechanism study revealed the hit compound 4a as an HBV assembly effector (AEf), which could inhibit HBV replication by inducing the formation of HBV DNA-free capsids. The subsequent SAR study and drug-like optimization resulted in the discovery of the lead candidate 4r, with potent antiviral activity (IC50 = 0.087 ± 0.002 μM), low cytotoxicity (CC50 = 90.6 ± 2.06 μM), sensitivity to nucleoside analogue-resistant HBV mutants, and synergistic effect with nucleoside analogues in HepG2.2.15 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiqiang Xing
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiankun Tong
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Limin Zeng
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunlan Feng
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Youhong Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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9
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Complementary Effects of Interleukin-15 and Alpha Interferon Induce Immunity in Hepatitis B Virus Transgenic Mice. J Virol 2016; 90:8563-74. [PMID: 27440883 PMCID: PMC5021417 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01030-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic hepatitis B (CHB), failure to control hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with T cell dysfunction. HBV transgenic mice mirror many features of the human disease, including T cell unresponsiveness, and thus represent an appropriate model in which to test novel therapeutic strategies. To date, the tolerant state of CD8+ T cells in these animals could be altered only by strong immunogens or by immunization with HBV antigen-pulsed dendritic cells; however, the effectors induced were unable to suppress viral gene expression or replication. Because of the known stimulatory properties of alpha interferon (IFN-α) and interleukin-15 (IL-15), this study explored the therapeutic potential of liver-directed gene transfer of these cytokines in a murine model of CHB using adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery. This combination not only resulted in a reduction in the viral load in the liver and the induction of an antibody response but also gave rise to functional and specific CD8+ immunity. Furthermore, when splenic and intrahepatic lymphocytes from IFN-α- and IL-15-treated animals were transferred to new HBV carriers, partial antiviral immunity was achieved. In contrast to previous observations made using either cytokine alone, markedly attenuated PD-L1 induction in hepatic tissue was observed upon coadministration. An initial study with CHB patient samples also gave promising results. Hence, we demonstrated synergy between two stimulating cytokines, IL-15 and IFN-α, which, given together, constitute a potent approach to significantly enhance the CD8+ T cell response in a state of immune hyporesponsiveness. Such an approach may be useful for treating chronic viral infections and neoplastic conditions. IMPORTANCE With 350 million people affected worldwide and 600,000 annual deaths due to HBV-induced liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major health problem. However, current treatment options are costly and not very effective and/or need to be administered for life. The unprecedented efficacy of the strategy described in our paper may offer an alternative and is relevant for a broad spectrum of readers because of its clear translational importance to other chronic viral infections in which a hyporesponsive antigen-specific T cell repertoire prevents clearance of the pathogen.
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10
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Kushner T, Khungar V. Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents: Regimens for the Interferon Failure Patient. Clin Liver Dis 2015; 19:629-39, v-vi. [PMID: 26466652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, tremendous advances have been made in the treatment of hepatitis C with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), allowing treatment options for patients who have failed prior treatment with interferon. In addition to interferon's severe adverse effect profile, and the inability of many patients to tolerate it, prior interferon-containing regimens were not as effective in achieving sustained virologic response as emerging therapies. New DAAs have demonstrated higher rates of sustained virologic response, shorter duration of treatment, and improved adverse effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Kushner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vandana Khungar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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D’Ambrosio R, Poggiali E, Cappellini MD. Treating hepatitis C in patients with hemoglobinopathies. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1086333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Yu C, Gong X, Yang Q, Lian J, Xu K, Ruan B, Li L. The serum IL-23 level predicts the response to pegylated interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Liver Int 2015; 35:1549-56. [PMID: 25312687 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This study investigated the possible use of interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-17 serum levels as indicators for anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy. METHODS A total of 127 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who received pegylated interferon (PegIFN) therapy, 20 chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsCs) and 32 healthy controls were recruited. The serum levels of IL-23 and IL-17 were detected by ELISA. The predictive value of baseline and early on-treatment changes in the levels of IL-23 and IL-17 for therapeutic response were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models were generated to identify independent factors that affect the clearance of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and the decline in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). RESULTS The baseline serum levels of IL-23 and IL-17 were higher in patients with CHB than in normal controls and in AsCs. High levels of pre-treatment IL-23 and IL-17 and more significant on-treatment reductions in IL-23 and IL-17 levels were observed in patients with CHB who achieved HBeAg clearance or a decline in HBsAg >1 log10 IU/ml compared with patients who were persistently HBeAg-positive or who experienced a decline in HBsAg <1 log10 IU/ml. The predictive cut-off value of IL-23 for HBeAg clearance was 135 pg/ml, and the specificity and sensitivity were 71.4% and 70% respectively. A high pre-treatment level of IL-23 was an independent factor for the prediction of the therapeutic response in patients with HBeAg-positive CHB. Early on-treatment changes of IL-23 and IL-17 showed no predictive value. CONCLUSIONS A high pre-treatment serum IL-23 level predicts the therapeutic response in HBeAg-positive CHB patients during PegIFN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Malone DFG, Falconer K, Weiland O, Sandberg JK. The dynamic relationship between innate immune biomarkers and interferon-based treatment effects and outcome in hepatitis C virus infection is altered by telaprevir. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105665. [PMID: 25166593 PMCID: PMC4148339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble CD14 (sCD14) and IL-18 are markers and mediators of the innate immune response, and their plasma levels candidate biomarkers of HCV treatment effects and outcome. Here, we retrospectively studied sCD14 and IL-18 over the course of interferon-based treatment of HCV genotype 1 infection, with the aim to investigate the impact of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) on the dynamics and relationships between these biomarkers and treatment effects and outcome. Two cohorts were followed longitudinally; one treated with standard dual therapy of pegylated IFNα and ribavirin, and one cohort receiving triple therapy including Telaprevir. sCD14 and IL-18 were measured before and during treatment and analyzed in relation to treatment effects. The initial analysis confirmed two patterns previously observed in patients with HCV/HIV-1 co-infection: Baseline levels of sCD14 were significantly lower in patients that went on to clear HCV infection in response to IFNα and ribavirin, and sCD14 levels were strongly induced during the course of this treatment. Interestingly, baseline levels of sCD14 and IL-18 in combination predicted treatment outcome in dual therapy better than either marker alone. Notably, these associations were weaker with the addition of Telaprevir to the treatment regimen, suggesting that the relationships between innate immune activation and outcome were altered and diminished by inclusion of a DAA in the treatment. In triple therapy, the dynamic increase of sCD14 in response to treatment was higher in patients clearing the virus, suggesting that the innate response to interferon is still significantly associated with outcome in patients treated with DAA-containing regimens. These results support the notion that levels of innate immune activation before and during treatment are associated with interferon-based treatment outcome. Furthermore, the addition of Telaprevir significantly alters the dynamics and relationships between innate immune biomarkers and treatment effects and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. G. Malone
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolin Falconer
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Weiland
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Meager A, Wadhwa M. Detection of anti-cytokine antibodies and their clinical relevance. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:1029-47. [PMID: 24898469 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.918848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines regulate many aspects of cell growth and differentiation and play pivotal roles in the orchestration of immune defence against invading pathogens. Though 'self' proteins, they are potentially immunogenic and can give rise to anti-cytokine autoantibodies (aCA). The main foci of the article are a critical summary of the various methodologies applied for detecting and measuring aCA and a broad review of studies of the occurrence, characterization and clinical relevance of aCA in normal healthy individuals, patients with autoimmune diseases or microbial infections and aCA in patients whose disease is treated with recombinant cytokine products. The need for technical and methodological improvement of assays, including validation and standardization, together with approaches to harmonize calculation and reporting of results is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Meager
- Regaem Consultants, 62 Whitchurch Gardens, Edgware, Middlesex, HA8 6PD, UK
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Gorovits B, Wakshull E, Pillutla R, Xu Y, Manning MS, Goyal J. Recommendations for the characterization of immunogenicity response to multiple domain biotherapeutics. J Immunol Methods 2014; 408:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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