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Pourmasoumi P, Abdouss M, Farhadi M, Jameie SB, Khonakdar HA. Co-delivery of temozolomide and quercetin with folic acid-conjugated exosomes in glioblastoma treatment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39360642 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2395234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: The study aims to improve glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment by combining temozolomide (TMZ) and quercetin (Qct), using folic acid (FA)-conjugated exosomes to overcome TMZ resistance and enhance blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration.Methods: Exosomes were isolated and after characterizing and modifying their surfaces with FA, drug loading of TMZ and Qct into exosomes was done. In vitro assays, including cell viability tests, RT-PCR, Western-blotting and flow-cytometry, were performed using U87MG and U251MG GBM cell lines. In vivo analysis included administering exosome-drug formulations to glioblastoma-bearing Wistar rats, monitored through optical imaging and PET scans, followed by post-mortem immunohistochemistry and histological examination.Results: The results showed successful exosome isolation and FA conjugation, with drug release studies indicating accelerated release of TMZ and Qct in acidic conditions, enhancing cytotoxicity. Immunofluorescence indicated greater exosome uptake in GBM cells due to FA conjugation. Cell viability assays demonstrated increased toxicity of the combination therapy, correlating with elevated apoptosis. In vivo studies revealed significant tumor size reduction, alongside increased apoptosis and reduced angiogenesis, particularly in the TMZ-Qct-Exo-FA group.Conclusion: FA-conjugated exosomes loaded with TMZ and Qct represent a promising strategy to enhance GBM treatment efficacy by improving drug delivery, apoptosis induction and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Pourmasoumi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Abdouss
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Farhadi
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
- Max Bergman Center for Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Zinsz A, Ahrari S, Becker J, Mortada A, Roch V, Doriat L, Santi M, Blonski M, Taillandier L, Zaragori T, Verger A. Amino-acid PET as a prognostic tool after post Stupp protocol temozolomide therapy in high-grade glioma patients. J Neurooncol 2024; 169:241-245. [PMID: 38842696 PMCID: PMC11341581 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of amino-acid PET in high-grade gliomas (HGG) patients at the time of temozolomide (TMZ) treatment discontinuation, after the Stupp protocol. METHODS The analysis included consecutive HGG patients with dynamic [18F]FDOPA PET imaging within 3 months of the end of TMZ therapy, post-Stupp protocol. Static and dynamic PET parameters, responses to RANO criteria for MRI and clinical and histo-molecular factors were correlated to progression-free (PFS). RESULTS Thirty-two patients (59.4 [54.0;67.6] years old, 13 (41%) women) were included. Static PET parameters peak tumor-to-background ratio and metabolic tumor volume (respective thresholds of 1.9 and 1.5 mL) showed the best 84% accuracies for predicting PFS at 6 months (p = 0.02). These static PET parameters were also independent predictor of PFS in multivariate analysis (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION In HGG patients having undergone a Stupp protocol, the absence of significant PET uptake after TMZ constitutes a favorable prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Zinsz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Shamimeh Ahrari
- Université de Lorraine, IADI, INSERM U1254, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Jason Becker
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Ali Mortada
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Veronique Roch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Louis Doriat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Matthieu Santi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Marie Blonski
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Luc Taillandier
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Timothée Zaragori
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Antoine Verger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Nancyclotep Imaging Platform, Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France.
- Université de Lorraine, IADI, INSERM U1254, F-54000, Nancy, France.
- Nuclear Medicine Department, CHRU Nancy, Rue du Morvan, 54500, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
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3
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Kan LK, Drill M, Jayakrishnan PC, Sequeira RP, Sanfilippo PG, McLean C, Hunn M, Williams DA, O'Brien TJ, Drummond KJ, Monif M. P2X7 receptor antagonism by AZ10606120 significantly depletes glioblastoma cancer stem cells in vitro. Brain Res Bull 2024; 215:110996. [PMID: 38857832 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and lethal primary brain malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Self-renewing glioblastoma cancer stem cells (GSCs) facilitate tumour progression, resistance to conventional treatment and tumour recurrence. GSCs are resistant to standard treatments. There is a need for novel treatment alternatives that effectively target GSCs. The purinergic P2X receptor 7 (P2X7R) is expressed in glioblastomas and has been implicated in disease pathogenesis. However, the roles of P2X7R have not been comprehensively elucidated in conventional treatment-resistant GSCs. This study characterised P2X7R channel and pore function and investigated the effect of pharmacological P2X7R inhibition in GSCs. Immunofluorescence and live cell fluorescent dye uptake experiments revealed P2X7R expression, and channel and pore function in GSCs. Treatment of GSCs with the P2X7R antagonist, AZ10606120 (AZ), for 72 hours significantly reduced GSC numbers, compared to untreated cells. When compared with the effect of the first-line conventional chemotherapy, temozolomide (TMZ), GSCs treated with AZ had significantly lower cell numbers than TMZ-treated cultures, while TMZ treatment alone did not significantly deplete GSC numbers compared to the control. AZ treatment also induced significant lactate dehydrogenase release by GSCs, indicative of treatment-induced cytotoxic cell death. There were no significant differences in the expression of apoptotic markers, Annexin V and cleaved caspase-3, between AZ-treated cells and the control. Collectively, this study reveals for the first time functional P2X7R channel and pore in GSCs and significant GSC depletion following P2X7R inhibition by AZ. These results indicate that P2X7R inhibition may be a novel therapeutic alternative for glioblastoma, with effectiveness against GSCs resistant to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyen K Kan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Drill
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Richard P Sequeira
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul G Sanfilippo
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Pathology, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Hunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Williams
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katharine J Drummond
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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4
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Hartman-Houstman H, Swenson S, Minea RO, Sinha UK, Chiang MF, Chen TC, Schönthal AH. Activation of Epstein-Barr Virus' Lytic Cycle in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by NEO212, a Conjugate of Perillyl Alcohol and Temozolomide. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:936. [PMID: 38473298 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is accepted as a primary risk factor for certain nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) subtypes, where the virus persists in a latent stage which is thought to contribute to tumorigenesis. Current treatments are sub-optimal, and recurrence occurs in many cases. An alternative therapeutic concept is aimed at triggering the lytic cycle of EBV selectively in tumor cells as a means to add clinical benefit. While compounds able to stimulate the lytic cascade have been identified, their clinical application so far has been limited. We are developing a novel anticancer molecule, NEO212, that was generated by covalent conjugation of the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) to the naturally occurring monoterpene perillyl alcohol (POH). In the current study, we investigated its potential to trigger the lytic cycle of EBV in NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. We used the established C666.1 cell line and primary patient cells derived from the brain metastasis of a patient with NPC, both of which harbored latent EBV. Upon treatment with NEO212, there was an increase in EBV proteins Zta and Ea-D, key markers of the lytic cycle, along with increased levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), a marker of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, followed by the activation of caspases. These effects could also be confirmed in tumor tissue from mice implanted with C666.1 cells. Towards a mechanistic understanding of these events, we used siRNA-mediated knockdown of CHOP and inclusion of anti-oxidant compounds. Both approaches blocked lytic cycle induction by NEO212. Therefore, we established a sequence of events, where NEO212 caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which triggered ER stress and elevated the levels of CHOP, which was required to stimulate the lytic cascade of EBV. Inclusion of the antiviral agent ganciclovir synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic impact of NEO212, pointing to a potential combination treatment for EBV-positive cancers which should be explored further. Overall, our study establishes NEO212 as a novel agent able to stimulate EBV's lytic cycle in NPC tumors, with implications for other virus-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Hartman-Houstman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Steve Swenson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Radu O Minea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Uttam K Sinha
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ming-Fu Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
| | - Thomas C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- NeOnc Technologies, Inc., Los Angeles, CA 90069, USA
| | - Axel H Schönthal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Wang R, Chen Y, Kuang W, Jiang W, Zeng W, Chen Y, Liu Z. Valproic acid regulates the miR-155/Jarid2 axis by affecting miR-155 promoter methylation in glioma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:174-183. [PMID: 38273784 PMCID: PMC10984859 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The most frequent primary brain tumor in adults is glioma, yet no effective curative treatments are currently available. Our previous study demonstrated the enhancing effects of JARID2 on glioma sensitivity to TMZ treatment. In this study, miR-155 is predicted to target JARID2. miR-155 is overexpressed in clinical glioma specimens and cell lines. miR-155 overexpression in glioma cells enhances cell viability and represses cell apoptosis. Through targeting, miR-155 inhibits JARID2 expression. miR-155 inhibition inhibits glioma cell viability and enhances cell apoptosis, whereas JARID2 knockdown enhances cell viability and inhibits cell apoptosis; JARID2 knockdown partially reverses miR-155 inhibition effects on glioma phenotypes. miR-155 inhibition reduces but knockdown of JARID2 promotes the tumor formation ability of glioma cells in vivo. Valproic acid (VPA) upregulates JARID2 expression, inhibits glioma cell viability and enhances cell apoptosis. VPA downregulates the expression level of miR-155 by increasing the methylation level of the miR-155 promoter, suggesting that the miR-155/JARID2 axis is implicated in VPA inhibition of glioma cell viability and enhancement of glioma cell apoptosis. This study demonstrates a new mechanism of VPA treatment of gliomas by affecting the miR-155/JARID2 axis, which could be regarded as a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Wang
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
| | - Weilu Kuang
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
| | - Wuzhong Jiang
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
| | - Wenjing Zeng
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
| | - Yinyun Chen
- The Third Department of GastroenterologyHunan Provincial People’s HospitalChangsha410000China
| | - Zhengzheng Liu
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410008China
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6
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Sung KS, Cho WH, Cha SH, Kim YW, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Yun MS. Saturated Fatty Acid Emulsions Open the Blood-Brain Barrier and Promote Drug Delivery in Rat Brains. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:246. [PMID: 38399300 PMCID: PMC10893510 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We performed this study to evaluate whether saturated fatty acid (SFA) emulsions affect the BBB and determine the duration of BBB opening, thereby promoting drug delivery to the brain. Butyric, valeric, caproic, enanthic, and caprylic acid emulsions were infused into the carotid artery of the rat model. We evaluated the BBB opening and drug delivery over time. The trypan blue and doxorubicin delivery studies were repeated from 30 min to 6 h. In the 1 h rats in each group, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to morphologically evaluate tight junctions, and the delivery of temozolomide was assessed by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The ipsilateral hemisphere was positive for trypan blue staining in all the five SFA emulsion groups. In the valeric, enanthic, and caprylic acid emulsion groups, RGB ratios were significantly higher at 30 min and decreased thereafter. Doxorubicin delivery increased in all emulsion groups at all time points. Tight junctions were observed to be open in all groups. TMZ delivery was significantly higher in the ipsilateral hemisphere. In conclusion, intra-arterially infused SFA emulsions opened the BBB and promoted drug delivery within 30 min, which decreased thereafter. Therefore, SFA emulsions may aid BBB research and promote drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Su Sung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Medicine, The Graduate School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Biomedical Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; (W.H.C.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Seung Heon Cha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Biomedical Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea; (W.H.C.); (S.H.C.)
| | - Yong-Woo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seon Hee Choi
- Institute for Research and Industry Cooperation, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hak Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Hospital, Biomedical Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sook Yun
- Division of Biostatistics, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
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Aebisher D, Przygórzewska A, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Krupka-Olek M, Bożek A, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Bartusik-Aebisher D. Current Photodynamic Therapy for Glioma Treatment: An Update. Biomedicines 2024; 12:375. [PMID: 38397977 PMCID: PMC10886821 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the development of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of brain tumors has shown promise in the treatment of this highly aggressive form of brain cancer. Analysis of both in vivo studies and clinical studies shows that photodynamic therapy can provide significant benefits, such as an improved median rate of survival. The use of photodynamic therapy is characterized by relatively few side effects, which is a significant advantage compared to conventional treatment methods such as often-used brain tumor surgery, advanced radiotherapy, and classic chemotherapy. Continued research in this area could bring significant advances, influencing future standards of treatment for this difficult and deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Przygórzewska
- English Division Science Club, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-025 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Magdalena Krupka-Olek
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 10, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (M.K.-O.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrzej Bożek
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 10, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (M.K.-O.); (A.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-025 Rzeszów, Poland;
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Minea RO, Thein TZ, Yang Z, Campan M, Ward PM, Schönthal AH, Chen TC. NEO212, temozolomide conjugated to NEO100, exerts superior therapeutic activity over temozolomide in preclinical chemoradiation models of glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae095. [PMID: 39022643 PMCID: PMC11252566 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The chemotherapeutic standard of care for patients with glioblastoma (GB) is radiation therapy (RT) combined with temozolomide (TMZ). However, during the twenty years since its introduction, this so-called Stupp protocol has revealed major drawbacks, because nearly half of all GBs harbor intrinsic treatment resistance mechanisms. Prime among these are the increased expression of the DNA repair protein O6-guanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and cellular deficiency in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). Patients with such tumors receive very little, if any, benefit from TMZ. We are developing a novel molecule, NEO212 (TMZ conjugated to NEO100), that harbors the potential to overcome these limitations. Methods We used mouse models that were orthotopically implanted with GB cell lines or primary, radioresistant human GB stem cells, representing different treatment resistance mechanisms. Animals received NEO212 (or TMZ for comparison) without or with RT. Overall survival was recorded, and histology studies quantified DNA damage, apoptosis, microvessel density, and impact on bone marrow. Results In all tumor models, replacing TMZ with NEO212 in a schedule designed to mimic the Stupp protocol achieved a strikingly superior extension of survival, especially in TMZ-resistant and RT-resistant models. While NEO212 displayed pronounced radiation-sensitizing, DNA-damaging, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic effects in tumor tissue, it did not cause bone marrow toxicity. Conclusions NEO212 is a candidate drug to potentially replace TMZ within the standard Stupp protocol. It has the potential to become the first chemotherapeutic agent to significantly extend overall survival in TMZ-resistant patients when combined with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu O Minea
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine (KSOM), University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, KSOM, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thu Zan Thein
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine (KSOM), University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhuoyue Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, KSOM, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mihaela Campan
- USC Clinical Laboratories, KSOM, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pamela M Ward
- Department of Pathology, KSOM, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Axel H Schönthal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, KSOM, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas C Chen
- NeOnc Technologies, Inc., Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine (KSOM), University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, KSOM, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, KSOM, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
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9
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Beola L, Iturrioz-Rodríguez N, Pucci C, Bertorelli R, Ciofani G. Drug-Loaded Lipid Magnetic Nanoparticles for Combined Local Hyperthermia and Chemotherapy against Glioblastoma Multiforme. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18441-18455. [PMID: 37698887 PMCID: PMC10540267 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating tumor of the central nervous system, currently missing an effective treatment. The therapeutic gold standard consists of surgical resection followed by chemotherapy (usually with temozolomide, TMZ) and/or radiotherapy. TMZ does not, however, provide significant survival benefit after completion of treatment because of development of chemoresistance and of heavy side effects of systemic administration. Improvement of conventional treatments and complementary therapies are urgently needed to increase patient survival and quality of life. Stimuli-responsive lipid-based drug delivery systems offer promising prospects to overcome the limitations of the current treatments. In this work, multifunctional lipid-based magnetic nanovectors functionalized with the peptide angiopep-2 and loaded with TMZ (Ang-TMZ-LMNVs) were tested to enhance specific GBM therapy on an in vivo model. Exposure to alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) enabled magnetic hyperthermia to be performed, that works in synergy with the chemotherapeutic agent. Studies on orthotopic human U-87 MG-Luc2 tumors in nude mice have shown that Ang-TMZ-LMNVs can accumulate and remain in the tumor after local administration without crossing over into healthy tissue, effectively suppressing tumor invasion and proliferation and significantly prolonging the median survival time when combined with the AMF stimulation. This powerful synergistic approach has proven to be a robust and versatile nanoplatform for an effective GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilianne Beola
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera 56025, Italy
| | - Nerea Iturrioz-Rodríguez
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera 56025, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pucci
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera 56025, Italy
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Translational
Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera 56025, Italy
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10
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Krajcer A, Grzywna E, Lewandowska-Łańcucka J. Strategies increasing the effectiveness of temozolomide at various levels of anti-GBL therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115174. [PMID: 37459661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBL) is the most common (60-70% of primary brain tumours) and the most malignant of the glial tumours. Although current therapies remain palliative, they have been proven to prolong overall survival. Within an optimal treatment regimen (incl. surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy) temozolomide as the current anti-GBL first-line chemotherapeutic has increased the median overall survival to 14-15 months, and the percentage of patients alive at two years has been reported to rise from 10.4% to 26.5%. Though, the effectiveness of temozolomide chemotherapy is limited by the serious systemic, dose-related side effects. Therefore, the ponderation regarding novel treatment methods along with innovative formulations is crucial to emerging the therapeutic potential of the widely used drug simultaneously reducing the drawbacks of its use. Herein the complex temozolomide application restrictions present at different levels of therapy as well as, the currently proposed strategies aimed at reducing those limitations are demonstrated. Approaches increasing the efficacy of anti-GBL treatment are addressed. Our paper is focused on the most recent developments in the field of nano/biomaterials-based systems for temozolomide delivery and their functionalization towards more effective blood-brain-barrier crossing and/or tumour targeting. Appropriate designing accounting for the physical and chemical features of formulations along with distinct routes of administration is also discussed. In addition, considering the multiple resistance mechanisms, the molecular heterogeneity and the evolution of tumour the purposely selected delivery methods, the combined therapeutic approaches and specifically focused on GBL cells therapies are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Krajcer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grzywna
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Św. Anny 12, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
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11
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Kan LK, Drill M, Jayakrishnan PC, Sequeira RP, Galea E, Todaro M, Sanfilippo PG, Hunn M, Williams DA, O'Brien TJ, Drummond KJ, Monif M. P2X7 receptor antagonism by AZ10606120 significantly reduced in vitro tumour growth in human glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8435. [PMID: 37225786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are highly aggressive and deadly brain tumours, with a median survival time of 14-18 months post-diagnosis. Current treatment modalities are limited and only modestly increase survival time. Effective therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed. The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is activated within the glioblastoma microenvironment and evidence suggests it contributes to tumour growth. Studies have implicated P2X7R involvement in a range of neoplasms, including glioblastomas, although the roles of P2X7R in the tumour milieu remain unclear. Here, we report a trophic, tumour-promoting role of P2X7R activation in both patient-derived primary glioblastoma cultures and the U251 human glioblastoma cell line, and demonstrate its inhibition reduces tumour growth in vitro. Primary glioblastoma and U251 cell cultures were treated with the specific P2X7R antagonist, AZ10606120 (AZ), for 72 h. The effects of AZ treatment were also compared to cells treated with the current first-line chemotherapeutic drug, temozolomide (TMZ), and a combination of both AZ and TMZ. P2X7R antagonism by AZ significantly depleted glioblastoma cell numbers compared to untreated cells, in both primary glioblastoma and U251 cultures. Notably, AZ treatment was more effective at tumour cell killing than TMZ. No synergistic effect between AZ and TMZ was observed. AZ treatment also significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase release in primary glioblastoma cultures, suggesting AZ-induced cellular cytotoxicity. Our results reveal a trophic role of P2X7R in glioblastoma. Importantly, these data highlight the potential for P2X7R inhibition as a novel and effective alternative therapeutic approach for patients with lethal glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyen K Kan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Drill
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Richard P Sequeira
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily Galea
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marian Todaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul G Sanfilippo
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin Hunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David A Williams
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katharine J Drummond
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Araujo-Abad S, Manresa-Manresa A, Rodríguez-Cañas E, Fuentes-Baile M, García-Morales P, Mallavia R, Saceda M, de Juan Romero C. New therapy for pancreatic cancer based on extracellular vesicles. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114657. [PMID: 37023623 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is the most common aggressive cancer of the pancreas. The standard care of PDAC includes tumor resection and chemotherapy, but the lack of early diagnosis and the limited response to the treatment worsens the patient's condition. In order to improve the efficiency of chemotherapy, we look for more efficient systems of drug delivery. We isolated and fully characterized small Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) from the RWP-1 cell line. Our study indicates that the direct incubation method was the most efficient loading protocol and that a minimum total amount of drug triggers an effect on tumor cells. Therefore, we loaded the small EVs with two chemotherapeutic drugs (Temozolomide and EPZ015666) by direct incubation method and the amount of drug loaded was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Finally, we tested their antiproliferative effect on different cancer cell lines. Moreover, the system is highly dependent on the drug structure and therefore RWP-1 small EVsTMZ were more efficient than RWP-1 small EVsEPZ015666. RWP-1 derived small EVs represent a promising drug delivery tool that can be further investigated in preclinical studies and its combination with PRMT5 inhibitor can be potentially developed in clinical trials for the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Araujo-Abad
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain; Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Avda. Pio Jaramillo Alvarado s/n, Loja, 110111 Loja, Ecuador
| | - Antonio Manresa-Manresa
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Cañas
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Fuentes-Baile
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Morales
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ricardo Mallavia
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Saceda
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Camino de Juan Romero
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain.
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13
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Araujo-Abad S, Manresa-Manresa A, Rodríguez-Cañas E, Fuentes-Baile M, García-Morales P, Mallavia R, Saceda M, de Juan Romero C. Glioblastoma-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: Nanoparticles for Glioma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065910. [PMID: 36982984 PMCID: PMC10054028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), characterized by fast growth and invasion into adjacent tissue, is the most aggressive cancer of brain origin. Current protocols, which include cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, effectively treat localized disease; however, these aggressive therapies present side effects due to the high doses administered. Therefore, more efficient ways of drug delivery have been studied to reduce the therapeutic exposure of the patients. We have isolated and fully characterized small extracellular vesicles (EVs) from seven patient-derived GBM cell lines. After loading them with two different drugs, Temozolomide (TMZ) and EPZ015666, we observed a reduction in the total amount of drugs needed to trigger an effect on tumor cells. Moreover, we observed that GBM-derived small EVs, although with lower target specificity, can induce an effect on pancreatic cancer cell death. These results suggest that GBM-derived small EVs represent a promising drug delivery tool for further preclinical studies and potentially for the clinical development of GBM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Araujo-Abad
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja 110111, Ecuador
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Unidad de Investigación, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Manresa-Manresa
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Unidad de Investigación, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Cañas
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Fuentes-Baile
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Unidad de Investigación, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Morales
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ricardo Mallavia
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Saceda
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Unidad de Investigación, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | - Camino de Juan Romero
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Unidad de Investigación, 03203 Alicante, Spain
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14
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Gastrointestinally absorbable lactoferrin-heparin conjugate with anti-angiogenic activity for treatment of brain tumor. J Control Release 2023; 355:730-744. [PMID: 36764526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a central nervous system disease with poor prognosis. Curative treatments for GBM involve chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical pathways. Recently, antiangiogenic therapy through medications has been tried to slow tumor growth, but the drugs can induce side effects. To overcome these limitations, we developed a new orally absorbable form of heparin that can attenuate angiogenic activity by binding to growth factors around the tumor tissue. We conjugated lactoferrin (Lf) to heparin because Lf can be orally absorbed, and it interacts with the lactoferrin receptor (Lf-R) expressed on the intestine, blood-brain barrier (BBB), and glioma tumor masses. We successfully conjugated Lf and heparin by amide bond formation, as evidenced by advanced physicochemical properties such as pharmacokinetics and stability in acidic condition. This new material inhibited angiogenesis in vitro without toxicity. In addition, Lf-heparin administered orally to GBM orthotopic mice was absorbed in the small intestine and delivered specifically to the brain tumor by receptor transcytosis (Lf-R). Lf-heparin further attenuated angiogenesis progression in GBM orthotopic mice. Based on these results, Lf-heparin shows potential as a new oral medication for treatment of glioblastoma.
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15
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Rehman FU, Liu Y, Zheng M, Shi B. Exosomes based strategies for brain drug delivery. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121949. [PMID: 36525706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosome application has emerged as a promising nanotechnology discipline for various diseases therapeutics and diagnoses. Owing to the natural properties of efficient drug delivery, higher biocompatibility, facile traversing of physiological barriers, and subtle side effects, exosomes shorten their way to clinical translation. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane-bound vesicles primarily involved in intercellular communication and exhibit natural blood-brain barrier (BBB) traversing ability, which enables their application as drug delivery vehicles for brain diseases treatment. Herein, we highlight recent exosome-based drug delivery endeavors for neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer therapy, summarize the obstacles and future directions in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Ur Rehman
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Yang Liu
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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16
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Chien CH, Yang WB, Chuang JY, Lee JS, Liao WA, Huang CY, Chen PY, Wu AC, Yang ST, Lai CC, Chi PI, Chu JM, Cheng SM, Liu CC, Hwang DY, Chen SH, Chang KY. SH3GLB1-related autophagy mediates mitochondrial metabolism to acquire resistance against temozolomide in glioblastoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:220. [PMID: 35831908 PMCID: PMC9281043 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The mechanism by which glioblastoma evades temozolomide (TMZ)-induced cytotoxicity is largely unknown. We hypothesized that mitochondria plays a role in this process.
Methods
RNA transcriptomes were obtained from tumor samples and online databases. Expression of different proteins was manipulated using RNA interference or gene amplification. Autophagic activity and mitochondrial metabolism was assessed in vitro using the respective cellular and molecular assays. In vivo analysis were also carried out in this study.
Results
High SH3GLB1 gene expression was found to be associated with higher disease grading and worse survival profiles. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of clinical samples suggested that SH3GLB1 and the altered gene levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were related to subsets expressing a tumor-initiating cell signature. The SH3GLB1 protein was regulated by promoter binding with Sp1, a factor associated with TMZ resistance. Downregulation of SH3GLB1 resulted in retention of TMZ susceptibility, upregulated p62, and reduced LC3B-II. Autophagy inhibition by SH3GLB1 deficiency and chloroquine resulted in attenuated OXPHOS expression. Inhibition of SH3GLB1 in resistant cells resulted in alleviation of TMZ-enhanced mitochondrial metabolic function, such as mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP production. SH3GLB1 modulation could determine tumor susceptibility to TMZ. Finally, in animal models, resistant tumor cells with SH3GLB1 knockdown became resensitized to the anti-tumor effect of TMZ, including the suppression of TMZ-induced autophagy and OXPHOS.
Conclusions
SH3GLB1 promotes TMZ resistance via autophagy to alter mitochondrial function. Characterizing SH3GLB1 in glioblastoma may help develop new therapeutic strategies against this disease in the future.
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Altinoz MA, Ozpinar A, Hacker E, Ozpinar A. Combining locoregional CAR-T cells, autologous + allogeneic tumor lysate vaccination and levamisole in treatment of glioblastoma. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:797-808. [PMID: 35670420 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2086136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain malignancy and harbors a microenvironment limiting immune cells activity. CAR-T cells are being tested in the treatment of cancers and there exist reports which demonstrate dramatic regression of multicentric GBMs following intrathecal treatment with CAR-T cells. In this article, a triple approach for immune treatment of GBM is proposed. First, GBM tumor specimens for each patient will be saved and cultured to obtain tumor lysates. Then, levamisole will be applied, which possesses immunostimulating, anti-glycolytic, and anti-angiogenic features. Following priming the immune system, GBM patients will be injected with lysates of their own tumor cells plus lysates from a GBM cell line, U251. After 3 months of this treatment, CAR-T cells (transduced with IL13Rα2-CAR) will be applied via intratumoral approach. As such, genetically-modified and native immunocytes may 'meet' in the vicinity of deeply-invading tumor cells and demonstrate greater efficacy via cell-cell interactions. By this, a self-propagating cyclic process - a cancer-immunity cycle - may be initiated to eradicate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric A Altinoz
- Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Ozpinar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily Hacker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aysel Ozpinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Chen CJ, Shang HS, Huang YL, Tien N, Chen YL, Hsu SY, Wu RSC, Tang CL, Lien JC, Lee MH, Lu HF, Hsia TC. Bisdemethoxycurcumin suppresses human brain glioblastoma multiforme GBM 8401 cell migration and invasion via affecting NF-κB and MMP-2 and MMP-9 signaling pathway in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2388-2397. [PMID: 35735092 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the common cancer death in adults worldwide, and its metastasis will lead to difficult treatment. Finding compounds for future to develop treatment is urgent. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a natural product, was isolated from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa), which has been shown to against many human cancer cells. In the present study, we evaluated the antimetastasis activity of BDMC in human GBM cells. Cell proliferation, cell viability, cellular uptake, wound healing, migration and invasion, and western blotting were analyzed. Results indicated that BDMC at 1.5-3 μM significantly decreased the cell proliferation by MTT assay. BDMC showed the highest uptake by cells at 3 h. After treatment of BDMC at 12-48 h significantly inhibited cell motility in GBM 8401 cells by wound healing assay. BDMC suppressed cell migration and invasion at 24 and 48 h treatment by transwell chamber assay. BDMC significantly decreased the levels of proteins associated with PI3K/Akt, Ras/MEK/ERK pathways and resulted in the decrease in the expressions of NF-κB, MMP-2, MMP-9, and N-cadherin, leading to the inhibition of cell migration and invasion. These findings suggest that BDMC may be a potential candidate for the antimetastasis of human GBM cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Ju Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Sheng Shang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Lee
- Department of Genetic Counseling Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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19
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Torres ID, Loureiro JA, Coelho MAN, Carmo Pereira M, Ramalho MJ. Drug delivery in glioblastoma therapy: a review on nanoparticles targeting MGMT-mediated resistance. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1397-1415. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2124967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inês David Torres
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Angélica Loureiro
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel A N Coelho
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ramalho
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Pang X, Huang H, Wei Y, Leng J. Ethanolic Leaf Extract of C. angustifolia Instigates ROS Mediated Apoptosis within Glioblastoma C6 Cells. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1375-1385. [PMID: 36047243 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme or GBM is a destructive malignancy of the central nervous system and is accountable for leading cause of cancer related mortality. Inadequate success rate of surgical interventions and development of resistance towards the current therapeutical regime provides impetus for exploring novel therapeutical interventions against the disease. Recently, several epidemiological studies have explored the plausible utility of natural, dietary compounds in influencing the development, progression, and cancer metastasis. Recently, different phytoconstituents of Cassia angustifolia were found to be associated with anti-microbial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-proliferative efficacy of ethanolic leaf extract of C. angustifolia (LCaEt-OH) against rat derived glioblastoma C6 cells. Briefly, the anti-proliferative potential of LCaEt-OH was assessed using MTT assay, quantitative estimation of ROS, and evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Moreover, the activity of caspases involved in intrinsic apoptotic pathways was also investigated using colorimetric kit followed by quantitative RT-PCR evaluation of modulation in gene expressions triggered due to LCaEt-OH treatment. Treatment of LCaEt-OH on C6 cells elucidated substantial dose-dependent decline in cellular viability. Furthermore, LCaEt-OH showed its efficacy in substantially enhancing intracellular ROS. LCaEt-OH also incited apoptosis in C6 cells by instigating nuclear condensation and dissipation of ΔΨm. In addition, LCaEt-OH mediated instigation of apoptosis was directly influenced by increased activity of caspases indispensable for intrinsic apoptotic pathway. These conclusive evidences indicate towards anticancer efficacy of LCaEt-OH against C6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Haojun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen
| | - Yuyu Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Jiyong Leng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital
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21
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Shervington LA, Ingham O. Investigating the Stability of Six Phenolic TMZ Ester Analogues, Incubated in the Presence of Porcine Liver Esterase and Monitored by HPLC. Molecules 2022; 27:2958. [PMID: 35566308 PMCID: PMC9103334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous published data from our group showed the encouraging in vitro activities of six phenolic temozolomide (TMZ) ester analogues (ES8-ES12 and ES14) with up to a five-fold increase in potency compared to TMZ against glioblastoma multiform cell lines and TMZ-resistant O6-methylguanine-DNA methyl transferase (MGMT)-positive primary cells. This study investigated the stabilities of the six phenolic TMZ ester analogues in the presence of porcine liver esterase (PLE) as a hydrolytic enzyme, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), monitored by a diode-array detector (DAD). Determining the rates of hydrolysis of the esters provided a useful insight into the feasibility of progressing them to the next phase of drug development. Fifty percent of TMZ esters consisting of para nitro, chloro, phenyl and tolyl groups (ES9, ES10, ES12 and ES14) were hydrolysed within the first 4.2 min of PLE exposure, while the TMZ esters consisting of para methoxy and nitrile groups (ES8 and ES11) demonstrated increased stability, with 50% hydrolysis achieved in 7.3 and 13.7 min, respectively. In conclusion, the survival of these phenolic TMZ esters on route to the target site of a brain tumor would be a challenge, mainly due to the undesirable rapid rate of hydrolysis. These findings therefore pose a question regarding the effectiveness of these esters in an in vivo setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroy A. Shervington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Oliver Ingham
- Kindeva Drug Delivery, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RB, UK;
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22
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Maimó-Barceló A, Martín-Saiz L, Fernández JA, Pérez-Romero K, Garfias-Arjona S, Lara-Almúnia M, Piérola-Lopetegui J, Bestard-Escalas J, Barceló-Coblijn G. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Lipid Fingerprint of Glioblastoma Proliferative Regions Is Differentially Regulated According to Glioblastoma Molecular Subtype. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062949. [PMID: 35328369 PMCID: PMC8949316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents one of the deadliest tumors owing to a lack of effective treatments. The adverse outcomes are worsened by high rates of treatment discontinuation, caused by the severe side effects of temozolomide (TMZ), the reference treatment. Therefore, understanding TMZ’s effects on GBM and healthy brain tissue could reveal new approaches to address chemotherapy side effects. In this context, we have previously demonstrated the membrane lipidome is highly cell type-specific and very sensitive to pathophysiological states. However, little remains known as to how membrane lipids participate in GBM onset and progression. Hence, we employed an ex vivo model to assess the impact of TMZ treatment on healthy and GBM lipidome, which was established through imaging mass spectrometry techniques. This approach revealed that bioactive lipid metabolic hubs (phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen species) were altered in healthy brain tissue treated with TMZ. To better understand these changes, we interrogated RNA expression and DNA methylation datasets of the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The results enabled GBM subtypes and patient survival to be linked with the expression of enzymes accounting for the observed lipidome, thus proving that exploring the lipid changes could reveal promising therapeutic approaches for GBM, and ways to ameliorate TMZ side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Maimó-Barceló
- Institut d’Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), 07120 Palma, Spain; (A.M.-B.); (K.P.-R.); (J.P.-L.)
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Lucía Martín-Saiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (L.M.-S.); (J.A.F.)
| | - José A. Fernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (L.M.-S.); (J.A.F.)
| | - Karim Pérez-Romero
- Institut d’Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), 07120 Palma, Spain; (A.M.-B.); (K.P.-R.); (J.P.-L.)
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Santiago Garfias-Arjona
- Quirónsalud Medical Center, 07300 Inca, Spain;
- Son Verí Quirónsalud Hospital, Balearic Islands, 07609 Son Veri Nou, Spain
- Hospital de Llevant, 07680 Porto Cristo, Spain
| | - Mónica Lara-Almúnia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jimenez Diaz Foundation University Hospital, Reyes Catolicos Av., No 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Ruber International Hospital, Maso St., No 38, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Piérola-Lopetegui
- Institut d’Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), 07120 Palma, Spain; (A.M.-B.); (K.P.-R.); (J.P.-L.)
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Joan Bestard-Escalas
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Correspondence: (J.B.-E.); (G.B.-C.)
| | - Gwendolyn Barceló-Coblijn
- Institut d’Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands), 07120 Palma, Spain; (A.M.-B.); (K.P.-R.); (J.P.-L.)
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.B.-E.); (G.B.-C.)
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23
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Pulvirenti L, Monforte F, Lo Presti F, Li Volti G, Carota G, Sinatra F, Bongiorno C, Mannino G, Cambria MT, Condorelli GG. Synthesis of MIL-Modified Fe 3O 4 Magnetic Nanoparticles for Enhancing Uptake and Efficiency of Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2874. [PMID: 35270016 PMCID: PMC8911361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A nanometric hybrid system consisting of a Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles modified through the growth of Fe-based Metal-organic frameworks of the MIL (Materials Institute Lavoiser) was developed. The obtained system retains both the nanometer dimensions and the magnetic properties of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles and possesses increased the loading capability due to the highly porous Fe-MIL. It was tested to load, carry and release temozolomide (TMZ) for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme one of the most aggressive and deadly human cancers. The chemical characterization of the hybrid system was performed through various complementary techniques: X-ray-diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, FT-IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The nanomaterial showed low toxicity and an increased adsorption capacity compared to bare Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). It can load about 12 mg/g of TMZ and carry the drug into A172 cells without degradation. Our experimental data confirm that, after 48 h of treatment, the TMZ-loaded hybrid nanoparticles (15 and 20 μg/mL) suppressed human glioblastoma cell viability much more effectively than the free drug. Finally, we found that the internalization of the MIL-modified system is more evident than bare MNPs at all the used concentrations both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus suggesting that it can be capable of overcoming the blood-brain barrier and targeting brain tumors. In conclusion, these results indicate that this combined nanoparticle represents a highly promising drug delivery system for TMZ targeting into cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pulvirenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.P.); (F.M.); (F.L.P.)
| | - Francesca Monforte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.P.); (F.M.); (F.L.P.)
| | - Francesca Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.P.); (F.M.); (F.L.P.)
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biochimica, Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 92, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.L.V.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Carota
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biochimica, Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 92, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.L.V.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Fulvia Sinatra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biochimica, Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 92, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.L.V.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Corrado Bongiorno
- CNR-IMM, Strada VIII no. 5 Zona Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy; (C.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Mannino
- CNR-IMM, Strada VIII no. 5 Zona Industriale, 95121 Catania, Italy; (C.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa Cambria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biochimica, Università di Catania, Via S. Sofia 92, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.L.V.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Guglielmo Guido Condorelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.P.); (F.M.); (F.L.P.)
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In Vitro and Computational Studies of Perezone and Perezone Angelate as Potential Anti-Glioblastoma Multiforme Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051565. [PMID: 35268667 PMCID: PMC8911992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most malignant type of astrocytoma, with a life expectancy of two years. It has been shown that Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) protein is over-expressed in GBM cells, while its expression in healthy tissue is low. In addition, perezone, a phyto-compound, is a PARP-1 inhibitor with anti-neoplastic activity. As a consequence, in the present study, both in vitro and computational evaluations of perezone and its chemically related compound, perezone angelate, as anti-GBM agents were performed. Hence, the anti-proliferative assay showed that perezone angelate induces higher cytotoxicity in the GBM cell line (U373 IC50 = 6.44 μM) than perezone (U373 IC50 = 51.20 μM) by induction of apoptosis. In addition, perezone angelate showed low cytotoxic activity in rat glial cells (IC50 = 173.66 μM). PARP-1 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 5.25 μM) and oxidative stress induction by perezone angelate were corroborated employing in vitro studies. In the other hand, the performed docking studies allowed explaining the PARP-1 inhibitory activity of perezone angelate, and ADMET studies showed its probability to permeate cell membranes and the blood–brain barrier, which is an essential characteristic of drugs to treat neurological diseases. Finally, it is essential to highlight that the results confirm perezone angelate as a potential anti-GBM agent.
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25
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Expression of the First Recombinant Anti-Tumoral Snake Venom Kunitz-Type Serine Protease Inhibitor. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030170. [PMID: 35324668 PMCID: PMC8955015 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PIVL is a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor that was previously characterized from Tunisian snake venom, Macrovipera lebetina transmediterranea. It reduced glioblastoma cells’ development and significantly blocked angiogenesis in in-vitro and ex-vivo models. PIVL exerted these effects by interfering with αvβ3 integrin. In order to produce a biological active recombinant, the cDNA cloning and expression of PIVL was performed in Escherichia coli (BL21)-DE3 cells using pET-22b (+) vector. The recombinant PIVL protein (rPIVL) was purified by nickel affinity chromatography and has recognized monoclonal anti-His antibody. Functionally, rPIVL exhibited potent anti-tumor cell effects as well as anti-angiogenesis properties. Interestingly, we found that both native PIVL (nPIVL) and rPIVL modulated PI3/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. In all, our results showed that we have successfully expressed the first active anti-oncogenic snake venom Kunitz-type protease inhibitor that can be a potential therapeutic drug against glioblastoma, in its native or recombinant form.
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26
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Combining HDAC and MEK Inhibitors with Radiation against Glioblastoma-Derived Spheres. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050775. [PMID: 35269397 PMCID: PMC8909581 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs) in glioblastoma limit effective treatment and promote therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Using a combined radiation and drug-screening platform, we tested the combination of a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor (MEKi) with radiation to predict the efficacy against GSLCs. To mimic a stem-like phenotype, glioblastoma-derived spheres were used and treated with a combination of HDACi (MS-275) and MEKi (TAK-733 or trametinib) with 4 Gy irradiation. The sphere-forming ability after the combined radiochemotherapy was investigated using a sphere formation assay, while the expression levels of the GSLC markers (CD44, Nestin and SOX2) after treatment were analyzed using Western blotting and flow cytometry. The combined radiochemotherapy treatment inhibited the sphere formation in both glioblastoma-derived spheres, decreased the expression of the GSLC markers in a cell-line dependent manner and increased the dead cell population. Finally, we showed that the combined treatment with radiation was more effective at reducing the GSLC markers compared to the standard treatment of temozolomide and radiation. These results suggest that combining HDAC and MEK inhibition with radiation may offer a new strategy to improve the treatment of glioblastoma.
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27
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Liao CL, Ma YS, Hsia TC, Chou YC, Lien JC, Peng SF, Kuo CL, Hsu FT. Tetrandrine Suppresses Human Brain Glioblastoma GBM 8401/ luc2 Cell-Xenografted Subcutaneous Tumors in Nude Mice In Vivo. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237105. [PMID: 34885686 PMCID: PMC8659155 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine (TET), a bisbenzylisoquinoline (BBI) alkaloid, is isolated from the plant Stephania tetrandra S. Moore and has a wide range of biological activity, including anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. At first, we established a luciferase-expressing stable clone that was named GBM 8401/luc2 cells. Herein, the primary results indicated that TET reduced the total cell viability and induced cell apoptosis in GBM 8401/luc2 human glioblastoma cells. However, there is no available information showing that TET suppresses glioblastoma cells in vivo. Thus, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of TET on a GBM 8401/luc2 cell-generated tumor in vivo. After the tumor volume reached 100-120 mm3 in subcutaneously xenografted nude mice, all of the mice were randomly divided into three groups: Group I was treated with phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) containing 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide, Group II with 25 mg/kg of TET, and Group III with 50 mg/kg of TET. All mice were given the oral treatment of PBS or TET by gavage for 21 days, and the body weight and tumor volumes were recorded every 5 days. After treatment, individual tumors, kidneys, livers, and spleens were isolated from each group. The results showed that TET did not affect the body weights, but it significantly decreased the tumor volumes. The TET treatment at 50 mg/kg had a two-fold decrease in tumor volumes than that at 25 mg/kg when compared to the control. TET decreased the total photon flux, and treatment with TET at 50 mg/kg had a lower total photon flux than that at 25 mg/kg, as measured by a Xenogen IVIS imaging system. Moreover, the higher TET treatment had lower tumor volumes and weights than those of the lower dose. The apoptosis-associated protein expression in the tumor section was examined by immunohistochemical analysis, and the results showed that TET treatment reduced the levels of c-FLIP, MCL-1, and XIAP but increased the signals of cleaved-caspase-3, -8, and -9. Furthermore, the hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining of kidney, liver, and spleen tissues showed no significant difference between the TET-treated and control groups. Overall, these observations demonstrated that TET suppressed subcutaneous tumor growth in a nude-mice model via the induction of cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lung Liao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40604, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan;
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-L.K.); (F.-T.H.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5202) (C.-L.K.); +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2531) (F.-T.H.); Fax: +886-4-2205-3764 (C.-L.K. & F.-T.H.)
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-L.K.); (F.-T.H.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5202) (C.-L.K.); +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2531) (F.-T.H.); Fax: +886-4-2205-3764 (C.-L.K. & F.-T.H.)
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28
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The Inhibitory Effects of Terminalia catappa L. Extract on the Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111183. [PMID: 34832965 PMCID: PMC8620508 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and common types of brain tumor. Due to its high proliferation ability, a high lethality rate has been observed with this malignant glial tumor. Terminalia catappa L. (T. catappa) is currently known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenesis effects. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms of the leaf extracts of T. catappa (TCE) on GBM cells. In the current study, we demonstrated that TCE can significantly inhibit the migration and invasion capabilities of GBM cell lines without showing biotoxic effects. Matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) activity and protein expression were attenuated by reducing the p38 phosphorylation involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. By treating with TCE and/or p38 inhibitor (SB203580), we confirmed that p38 MAPK is involved in the inhibition of cell migration. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that TCE inhibits human GBM cell migration and MMP-2 expression by regulating the p38 pathway. These results reveal that TCE contains potent therapeutic compounds which could be applied for treating GBM brain tumors.
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Liu Y, Bao Q, Chen Z, Yao L, Ci Z, Wei X, Wu Y, Zhu J, Sun K, Zhou G, Li S, Ma W, Tao K. Circumventing Drug Resistance Pathways with a Nanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Method. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9115-9123. [PMID: 34723551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains the dominant impediment for cancer therapy, not only because compensatory drug resistance pathways are always activated, but also because of the cross-resistance of cancer cells to unrelated therapeutics. Herein, chemodrug-sensitive cancer cells, intrinsic drug-resistant cells, and acquired resistant cells were employed to uncover their biological response to a nanoparticle-based photodynamic method in tumoral, cellular, and molecular levels. We observed that nanoparticle-based photodynamic process with high therapeutic efficiency, intracellular delivery, and tumor penetration effect resulted in the indiscriminate and significant therapeutic outcome, in contrast to the diversiform effect of first-line chemo-drug, Temozolomide (TMZ). By real-time quantitative PCR array technique, we revealed that signals in classical resistance pathways were unaffected or downregulated, and photodynamic effect initiates cell apoptosis via downstream genes. The discovery that nanoparticulate photodynamic therapy bypasses the signals in multiple resistant pathways may imply an alternative route for combating drug resistance of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Qelger Bao
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yao
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, Shandong 261042, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Ci
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, Shandong 261042, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Wu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Kang Sun
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, Shandong 261042, P.R. China
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ke Tao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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30
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Seung WB, Cha SH, Kim HJ, Choi SH, Lee J, Kwak D, Hyun Woo K, You JW, Kim YW, Kim SK, Lee DS. Triolein emulsion enhances temozolomide brain delivery: an experimental study in rats. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2373-2382. [PMID: 34747271 PMCID: PMC8583762 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1998247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the enhancement of temozolomide (TMZ) delivery in the rat brain using a triolein emulsion. Materials and Methods Rats were divided into the five groups as following: group 1 (negative control), group 2 (treated with triolein emulsion and TMZ 20 mg/kg), and group 3 (TMZ 20 mg/kg treatment without triolein), group 4 (treated with triolein emulsion and TMZ 10 mg/kg), and group 5 (TMZ 10 mg/kg treatment without triolein). Triolein emulsion was infused into the right common carotid artery. One hour later, the TMZ concentration was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS) and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) imaging, respectively. The concentration ratios of the ipsilateral to contralateral hemisphere in each group were determined and the statistical analysis was conducted using an unpaired t-test. Results Quantitatively, the TMZ concentration ratio of the ipsilateral to the control hemisphere was 2.41 and 1.13 in groups 2 and 3, and were 2.49 and 1.14 in groups 4 and 5, respectively. Thus, the TMZ signal intensities of TMZ in group 2 and 4 were statistically high in the ipsilateral hemispheres. Qualitatively, the signal intensity of TMZ was remarkably high in the ipsilateral hemisphere in group 2 and 4. Conclusions The triolein emulsion efficiently opened the blood-brain barrier and could provide a potential new strategy to enhance the therapeutic effect of TMZ. HPLC-MS and DESI-MS imaging were shown to be suitable for analyses of enhancement of brain TMZ concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Bae Seung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Gyeongju, South Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, SMG Yeonse Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Seung Heon Cha
- College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hak Jin Kim
- College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seon Hee Choi
- College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Juho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dongmin Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kim Hyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Wook You
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Woo Kim
- Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang Kyoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Da-Sol Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
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Multifunctional lipidic nanocarriers for effective therapy of glioblastoma: recent advances in stimuli-responsive, receptor and subcellular targeted approaches. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma, or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), remains a fatal cancer type despite the remarkable progress in understanding the genesis and propagation of the tumor. Current treatment modalities, comprising mainly of surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiation, are insufficient for improving patients' survival owing to existing hurdles, including the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In contemporary practice, the prospect of long-term survival or cure continues to be a challenge for patients suffering from GBM. This review provides an insight into the drug delivery strategies and the significant efforts made in lipid-based nanoplatform research to circumvent the challenges in optimal drug delivery in GBM.
Area covered
Owing to the unique properties of lipid-based nanoplatforms and advancements in clinical translation, this article describes the application of various stimuli-responsive lipid nanocarriers and tumor subcellular organelle-targeted therapy to give an idea about the strategies that can be applied to enhance site-specific drug delivery for GBM. Furthermore, active targeting of drugs via surface-modified lipid-based nanostructures and recent findings in alternative therapeutic platforms such as gene therapy, immunotherapy, and multimodal therapy have also been overviewed.
Expert opinion
Lipid-based nanoparticles stand out among the other nanocarriers explored for GBM drug delivery, as they support both passive and active drug targeting by crossing/bypassing the BBB at the same time minimizing toxicity and projects better pharmacological parameters. Although these nanocarriers could be a plausible choice for treating GBM, in-depth research is essential to advance neuro-oncology research and enhance outcomes in patients with brain tumors.
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Genistein and Temozolomide-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles: A Synergistic Approach For Improved Anti-Tumor Efficacy Against Glioblastoma. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Prolonged sub-lethal exposure to galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) promotes the metastatic potential of glioblastoma tumor spheroids. Neurotoxicology 2021; 87:219-230. [PMID: 34687775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Galaxolide and tonalide are well-known polycyclic musks whose intensive use without limitations in numerous cleaning, hygiene, and personal care products has resulted in widespread direct human exposure via absorption, inhalation, and oral ingestion. Latest data shows that long-term, low-dose exposure to toxic chemicals can induce unpredictable harmful effects in a variety of living systems, however, interactions between synthetic musks and brain tumours remain largely unexplored. Glioblastoma (GB) accounts for nearly half of all tumours of the central nervous system and is characterized by very poor prognosis. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the potential effect of long-term (20-generation) single and combined application of galaxolide and tonalide at sub-lethal doses (5-2.5 u M) on the angiogenesis, invasion, and migration of human U87 cells or tumour spheroids, and (2) to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Random amplified polymorphic DNA assays revealed significant DNA damage and increased total mutation load in galaxolide- and/or tonalide-treated U87 cells. In those same groups, we also detected remarkable tumour spheroid invasion and up-regulation of both HIF1-α/VEGF/MMP9 and IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signals, known to have important roles in hypoxia-related angiogenesis and/or proliferation. Prolonged musk treatment further altered angio-miRNA expression in a manner consistent with poor prognosis in GB. We also detected significant over-expression of the genes Slug, Snail, ZEB1, and Vimentin, which are biomarkers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In addition, matrigel, transwell, and wound healing assays clearly showed that long-term sub-lethal exposure to galaxolide and/or tonalide induced invasion and migration proposing a high metastatic potential. Our results suggest that assessing expression of HIF-1a, VEGF, STAT3, and the miR-17-92 cluster in biopsy samples of GB patients who have a history of possible long-term exposure to galaxolide or tonalide could be beneficial for deciding a therapy regime. Additionally, we recommend that extensively-used hygiene and cleaning materials be selected from synthetic musk-free products, especially when used in palliative care processes for GB patients.
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Optimizing the Design of Blood-Brain Barrier-Penetrating Polymer-Lipid-Hybrid Nanoparticles for Delivering Anticancer Drugs to Glioblastoma. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1897-1914. [PMID: 34655006 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains ineffective due to insufficient penetration of therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and into the GBM tumor. Herein, is described, the optimization of the lipid composition and fabrication conditions for a BBB- and tumor penetrating terpolymer-lipid-hybrid nanoparticle (TPLN) for delivering doxorubicin (DOX) to GBM. METHODS The composition of TPLNs was first screened using different lipids based on nanoparticle properties and in vitro cytotoxicity by using 23 full factorial experimental design. The leading DOX loaded TPLNs (DOX-TPLN) were prepared by further optimization of conditions and used to study cellular uptake mechanisms, in vitro cytotoxicity, three-dimensional (3D) glioma spheroid penetration, and in vivo biodistribution in a murine orthotopic GBM model. RESULTS Among various lipids studied, ethyl arachidate (EA) was found to provide excellent nanoparticle properties e.g., size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, and colloidal stability, and highest anticancer efficacy for DOX-TPLN. Further optimized EA-based TPLNs were prepared with an optimal particle size (103.8 ± 33.4 nm) and PDI (0.208 ± 0.02). The resultant DOX-TPLNs showed ~ sevenfold higher efficacy than free DOX against human GBM U87-MG-RED-FLuc cells in vitro. The interaction between the TPLNs and the low-density lipoprotein receptors also facilitated cellular uptake, deep penetration into 3D glioma spheroids, and accumulation into the in vivo brain tumor regions of DOX-TPLNs. CONCLUSION This work demonstrated that the TPLN system can be optimized by rational selection of lipid type, lipid content, and preparation conditions to obtain DOX-TPLN with enhanced anticancer efficacy and GBM penetration and accumulation.
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Rationally designed drug delivery systems for the local treatment of resected glioblastoma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113951. [PMID: 34461201 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a particularly aggressive brain cancer associated with high recurrence and poor prognosis. The standard of care, surgical resection followed by concomitant radio- and chemotherapy, leads to low survival rates. The local delivery of active agents within the tumor resection cavity has emerged as an attractive means to initiate oncological treatment immediately post-surgery. This complementary approach bypasses the blood-brain barrier, increases the local concentration at the tumor site while reducing or avoiding systemic side effects. This review will provide a global overview on the local treatment for GBM with an emphasis on the lessons learned from past clinical trials. The main parameters to be considered to rationally design fit-of-purpose biomaterials and develop drug delivery systems for local administration in the GBM resection cavity to prevent the tumor recurrence will be described. The intracavitary local treatment of GBM should i) use materials that facilitate translation to the clinic; ii) be characterized by easy GMP effective scaling up and easy-handling application by the neurosurgeons; iii) be adaptable to fill the tumor-resected niche, mold to the resection cavity or adhere to the exposed brain parenchyma; iv) be biocompatible and possess mechanical properties compatible with the brain; v) deliver a therapeutic dose of rationally-designed or repurposed drug compound(s) into the GBM infiltrative margin. Proof of concept with high translational potential will be provided. Finally, future perspectives to facilitate the clinical translation of the local perisurgical treatment of GBM will be discussed.
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New Antiproliferative Compounds against Glioma Cells from the Marine-Sourced Fungus Penicillium sp. ZZ1750. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19090483. [PMID: 34564145 PMCID: PMC8465473 DOI: 10.3390/md19090483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven novel compounds, namely peniresorcinosides A–E (1–5), penidifarnesylin A (6), and penipyridinone A (7), together with the 11 known ones 8–17, were isolated from a culture of the marine-associated fungus Penicillium sp. ZZ1750 in rice medium. The structures of the new compounds were established based on their high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) data, extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses, chemical degradation, Mosher’s method, 13C-NMR calculations, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Peniresorcinosides A (1) and B (2) are rare glycosylated alkylresorcinols and exhibited potent antiglioma activity, with IC50 values of 4.0 and 5.6 µM for U87MG cells and 14.1 and 9.8 µM for U251 cells, respectively.
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37
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Tomar MS, Kumar A, Srivastava C, Shrivastava A. Elucidating the mechanisms of Temozolomide resistance in gliomas and the strategies to overcome the resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188616. [PMID: 34419533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is a first-choice alkylating agent inducted as a gold standard therapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and astrocytoma. A majority of patients do not respond to TMZ during the course of their treatment. Activation of DNA repair pathways is the principal mechanism for this phenomenon that detaches TMZ-induced O-6-methylguanine adducts and restores genomic integrity. Current understanding in the domain of oncology adds several other novel mechanisms of resistance such as the involvement of miRNAs, drug efflux transporters, gap junction's activity, the advent of glioma stem cells as well as upregulation of cell survival autophagy. This review describes a multifaceted account of different mechanisms responsible for the intrinsic and acquired TMZ-resistance. Here, we summarize different strategies that intensify the TMZ effect such as MGMT inhibition, development of novel imidazotetrazine analog, and combination therapy; with an aim to incorporate a successful treatment and increased overall survival in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manendra Singh Tomar
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Saket Nagar, Bhopal 462020, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Chhitij Srivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Bastiancich C, Bozzato E, Henley I, Newland B. Does local drug delivery still hold therapeutic promise for brain cancer? A systematic review. J Control Release 2021; 337:296-305. [PMID: 34298055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Despite the gold standard treatment combining surgical resection, radiation and adjuvant plus concomitant chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), the prognosis remains poor (5-year survival rate < 10%). Over the last three decades, a vast array of drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed for the local treatment of GBM, with the majority of the characterization being undertaken in pre-clinical models. We aimed to gain an overview of the potential efficacy of such local delivery systems in comparison to the systemic drug administration. METHODS In this paper, a systematic search of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus was performed using pre-determined search terms. Studies were assessed for eligibility based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of fifteen publications were included for analysis of local vs systemic group median survival, tumor volume and adverse events, with five brought forward for a meta-analysis. RESULTS The majority of studies showed local delivery to be more efficacious than systemic administration, regardless of the drug, animal model, type of DDS used, or duration of the study. The meta-analysis also showed that the mean difference between median survival ratios was statistically significantly in favor of local delivery. CONCLUSION Preclinical evidence shows that there is a firm rationale for further developing DDS for local therapeutic delivery to GBM and other brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bastiancich
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France.
| | - E Bozzato
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Henley
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - B Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK.
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Rehman FU, Rauf MA, Ullah S, Shaikh S, Qambrani A, Muhammad P, Hanif S. Ultrasound-activated nano-TiO2 loaded with temozolomide paves the way for resection of chemoresistant glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most daunting issues to modern therapeutics, with a higher mortality rate post-diagnosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the only available treatment; however, the frequent resistance leaves the oncologists at a dead end. Therefore, new approaches to circumvent the GBM are highly desired. We have employed TiO2 nanosticks loaded with TMZ as nanomedicine for TMZ-resistant GBM resection in this contribution.
Results
The ultrasonication triple-action effect could greatly facilitate tumor ablation by enhancing the TiO2 nanosticks traversing across BBB, releasing the TMZ payload from TiO2 nanosticks and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from TiO2 nanosticks within the GBM milieu. The tumor ablation was confirmed by MTT and Annexin(v)-PI assays, apoptotic proteins expression via western blot and ROS level detection in vitro, whereas tumor volume, weight, survival rate, and relative photon flux in the xenograft and orthoptic TMZ-resistant GBM murine models as in vivo.
Conclusion
We found this nanomedicine-based ultrasound modality highly efficient in GBM treatment and is of future clinical application value due to the employment of already FDA-approved techniques and nanomedicine.
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Tseng YY, Chen TY, Liu SJ. Role of Polymeric Local Drug Delivery in Multimodal Treatment of Malignant Glioma: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4597-4614. [PMID: 34267515 PMCID: PMC8275179 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s309937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas (MGs) are the most common and devastating primary brain tumor. At present, surgical interventions, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are only marginally effective in prolonging the life expectancy of patients with MGs. Inherent heterogeneity, aggressive invasion and infiltration, intact physical barriers, and the numerous mechanisms underlying chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance contribute to the poor prognosis for patients with MGs. Various studies have investigated methods to overcome these obstacles in MG treatment. In this review, we address difficulties in MG treatment and focus on promising polymeric local drug delivery systems. In contrast to most local delivery systems, which are directly implanted into the residual cavity after intratumoral injection or the surgical removal of a tumor, some rapidly developing and promising nanotechnological methods—including surface-decorated nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and focused ultrasound assist transport—are administered through (systemic) intravascular injection. We also discuss further synergistic and multimodal strategies for heightening therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we outline the challenges and therapeutic potential of these polymeric drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yun Tseng
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal Tu-Cheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkuo, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Li L, Chen J, Ming Y, Li B, Fu R, Duan D, Li Z, Ni R, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zhang L. The Application of Peptides in Glioma: a Novel Tool for Therapy. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:620-633. [PMID: 34182908 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210628114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most aggressive and lethal tumor of the central nervous system. Owing to the cellular heterogeneity, the invasiveness, and blood-brain barrier (BBB), current therapeutic approaches, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are poorly to obtain great anti-tumor efficacy. However, peptides, a novel type of therapeutic agent, displayed excellent ability in the tumor, which becomes a new molecule for glioma treatment. METHOD We review the current knowledge on peptides for the treatment of glioma through a PubMed-based literature search. RESULTS In the treatment of glioma, peptides can be used as (i) decoration on the surface of the delivery system, facilitating the distribution and accumulation of the anti-tumor drug in the target site;(ii) anti-tumor active molecules, inhibiting the growth of glioma and reducing solid tumor volume; (iii) immune-stimulating factor, and activating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment or recruiting immune cells to the tumor for breaking out the immunosuppression by glioma cells. CONCLUSION The application of peptides has revolutionized the treatment of glioma, which is based on targeting, penetrating, anti-tumor activities, and immunostimulatory. Moreover, better outcomes have been discovered in combining different kinds of peptides rather than a single one. Until now, more and more preclinical studies have been developed with multifarious peptides, which show promising results in vitro or vivo with the model of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoqiu Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongyu Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ouyang J, Jiang Y, Deng C, Zhong Z, Lan Q. Doxorubicin Delivered via ApoE-Directed Reduction-Sensitive Polymersomes Potently Inhibit Orthotopic Human Glioblastoma Xenografts in Nude Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4105-4115. [PMID: 34163162 PMCID: PMC8214541 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s314895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) poorly responds to chemotherapy owing to the existence of blood-brain barriers (BBB). It has been a long desire to develop BBB-permeable vehicles to facilitate drug targeting to GBM. Method and Results Here, we report that doxorubicin hydrochloride loaded in ApoE peptide-functionalized reduction-sensitive polymersomes (ApoE-PS-DOX) induces potent therapy of orthotopic U-87 MG model in nude mice. ApoE-PS-DOX with varying amount of ApoE (10~30 mol%) all had stable DOX loading and small sizes (< 90 nm). As revealed by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, apoptosis and MTT assays, ApoE-PS-DOX with 20 mol.% ApoE induced the best cellular uptake and inhibitory effect to U-87 MG cells, which were much better than the non-targeted PS-DOX and liposomal doxorubicin (Lipo-DOX) used in the clinic. ApoE-PS-DOX revealed a pharmacokinetic profile comparable to PS-DOX but induced considerably better growth inhibition of orthotopically xenografted U-87 MG tumors in nude mice than PS-DOX and Lipo-DOX, leading to significant survival benefits with a median survival time of 44 days, which was almost doubled relative to the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group. Moreover, in contrast to mice treated with Lipo-DOX and PS-DOX, ApoE-PS-DOX group exhibited little body weight loss, signifying that ApoE-PS-DOX not only has low side effects but also can effectively inhibit glioblastoma invasion. Conclusion This ApoE-docked multifunctional polymersomal doxorubicin induces potent and safe chemotherapy of orthotopic U-87 MG model in nude mice offering an alternative treatment modality for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
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Jeong S, Jung S, Park GS, Shin J, Oh JW. Piperine synergistically enhances the effect of temozolomide against temozolomide-resistant human glioma cell lines. Bioengineered 2021; 11:791-800. [PMID: 32693671 PMCID: PMC8291786 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1794100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating chemotherapy agent used in the clinical treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. Piperine (PIP) is a naturally occurring pungent nitrogenous substance present in the fruits of peppers. We investigated the anti-cancer efficacies of PIP alone and in combination with TMZ in GBM cellsusingparameters such as cell proliferation, cellular apoptosis,caspase-8/-9/-3 activities, cell cycle kinetics, wound-healing ability, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Treatment with PIP and alow concentration of PIP-TMZ, inhibited cell growth, similar to TMZ.PIP-TMZ promoted apoptosis by activation of caspase-8/-9/-3, MMP loss, and inhibition of in vitro wound-healing motility. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed significant inhibition of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)4/6−cyclin D and CDK2−cyclin-E expression upon treatment with a low concentration PIP-TMZ, suggesting an S to G1 arrest. Our findings provide insight into the apoptotic potential of the combination of a low concentration of PIP-TMZ, though further in vivo study will be needed for its validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somi Jeong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghwa Jung
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyun-Seok Park
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
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44
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Qi L, Wang W, Zhao G, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Jin H, Yu H, Xu H. Circular RNA circitga7 accelerates glioma progression via miR-34a-5p/VEGFA axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13138-13152. [PMID: 33962397 PMCID: PMC8148479 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of noncoding RNAs derived from back-splicing events. CircRNA is reported to be involved in various tumor progressions, including glioma. Although there are a few reports of circular RNAs participating in gliomas, it is still unclear whether circular RNAs regulate the occurrence of gliomas. In our research, we found that the expression of circITGA7 in glioma tissues and glioma cells increased significantly. Knocking down circITGA7 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of glioma cells and reduce cell metastasis. Through analysis and dual-luciferase report assay, we found that circITGA7 acts as a sponge for miR-34a-5p targeting VEGFA in glioma. Our study showed that circITGA7 regulates the proliferation and metastasis of glioma cell lines (SW1783&U373) by regulating the miR-34a-5p/VEGFA pathway. In conclusion, our study revealed a regulatory loop for the circITGA7/miR-34a-5p/VEGFA axis to regulate glioma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qi
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, Jilin, China
| | - Weiyao Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, Jilin, China
| | - Guifang Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurovascular, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Donghai Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Pathology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Hongquan Yu
- Department of Oncological Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Department of Oncological Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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45
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Rizzuto MA, Dal Magro R, Barbieri L, Pandolfi L, Sguazzini-Viscontini A, Truffi M, Salvioni L, Corsi F, Colombo M, Re F, Prosperi D. H-Ferritin nanoparticle-mediated delivery of antibodies across a BBB in vitro model for treatment of brain malignancies. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2032-2042. [PMID: 33544109 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01726d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Brain cancers are a group of neoplasms that can be either primary, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), or metastatic, such as the HER2+ breast cancer brain metastasis. The brain represents a sanctuary for cancer cells thanks to the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB) that controls trafficking of molecules, protecting the brain from toxic substances including drugs. Considering that GBM and HER2+ breast cancer brain metastases are characterized by EGFR and HER2 over-expression respectively, CTX- and TZ-based treatment could be effective. Several studies show that these monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exert both a cytostatic activity interfering with the transduction pathways of EGFR family and a cytotoxic activity mainly through the immune system activation via the antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Since the major limitation to therapeutic mAbs application is the presence of the BBB, here we use a recombinant form of human apoferritin (HFn) as a nanovector to promote the delivery of mAbs to the brain for the activation of the ADCC response. Using a transwell model of the BBB we proved the crossing ability of HFn-mAb. Cellular uptake of HFn-mAb by human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) was demonstrated by confocal microscopy. Moreover, after crossing the endothelial monolayer, HFn-conjugated mAbs retain their biological activity against targets, as assessed by MTS and ADCC assays. Our data support the use of HFn as efficient carrier to enhance the BBB crossing of mAbs, without affecting their antitumoral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Rizzuto
- NanoBioLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
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46
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Chakravarty M, Ganguli P, Murahari M, Sarkar RR, Peters GJ, Mayur YC. Study of Combinatorial Drug Synergy of Novel Acridone Derivatives With Temozolomide Using in-silico and in-vitro Methods in the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Glioma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:625899. [PMID: 33791212 PMCID: PMC8006935 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.625899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the critical challenges faced in the treatment of Glioma. There are only limited drugs available in the treatment of Glioma and among them Temozolomide (TMZ) has shown some effectiveness in treating Glioma patients, however, the rate of recovery remains poor due to the inability of this drug to act on the drug resistant tumor sub-populations. Hence, in this study three novel Acridone derivative drugs AC2, AC7, and AC26 have been proposed. These molecules when combined with TMZ show major tumor cytotoxicity that is effective in suppressing growth of cancer cells in both drug sensitive and resistant sub-populations of a tumor. In this study a novel mathematical model has been developed to explore the various drug combinations that may be useful for the treatment of resistant Glioma and show that the combinations of TMZ and Acridone derivatives have a synergistic effect. Also, acute toxicity studies of all three acridone derivatives were carried out for 14 days and were found safe for oral administration of 400 mg/kg body weight on albino Wistar rats. Molecular Docking studies of acridone derivatives with P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multiple resistant protein (MRP), and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) revealed different binding affinities to the transporters contributing to drug resistance. It is observed that while the Acridone derivatives bind with these drug resistance causing proteins, the TMZ can produce its cytotoxicity at a much lower concentration leading to the synergistic effect. The in silico analysis corroborate well with our experimental findings using TMZ resistant (T-98) and drug sensitive (U-87) Glioma cell lines and we propose three novel drug combinations (TMZ with AC2, AC7, and AC26) and dosages that show high synergy, high selectivity and low collateral toxicity for the use in the treatment of drug resistant Glioma, which could be future drugs in the treatment of Glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malobika Chakravarty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Piyali Ganguli
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Manikanta Murahari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ram Rup Sarkar
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Godefridus Johannes Peters
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Y C Mayur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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47
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Wang L, Tang S, Yu Y, Lv Y, Wang A, Yan X, Li N, Sha C, Sun K, Li Y. Intranasal Delivery of Temozolomide-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Anti-EphA3 for Glioblastoma Targeting. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:915-927. [PMID: 33417456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly lethal and aggressive tumor of the brain that carries a poor prognosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) has been widely used as a first-line treatment for GBM. However, poor brain targeting, side effects, and drug resistance limit its application for the treatment of GBM. We designed a Temozolomide-conjugated gold nanoparticle functionalized with an antibody against the ephrin type-A receptor 3 (anti-EphA3-TMZ@GNPs) for targeted GBM therapy via intranasal administration. The system can bypass the blood-brain barrier and target active glioma cells to improve the glioma targeting of TMZ and enhance the treatment efficacy, while reducing the peripheral toxicity and drug resistance. The prepared anti-EphA3-TMZ@GNPs were 46.12 ± 2.0 nm and suitable for intranasal administration, which demonstrated high safety to the nasal mucosa in a toxicity assay. In vitro studies showed that anti-EphA3-TMZ@GNPs exhibited significantly enhanced cellular uptake and toxicity, and a higher cell apoptosis ratio has been seen compared with that of TMZ (54.9 and 14.1%, respectively) toward glioma cells (C6). The results from experiments on TMZ-resistant glioma cells (T98G) demonstrated that the IC50 of anti-EphA3-TMZ@GNPs (64.06 ± 0.16 μM) was 18.5-fold lower than that of TMZ. In addition, Western blot analysis also revealed that anti-EphA3-TMZ@GNPs effectively down-modulated expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and increased chemosensitivity of T98G to TMZ. The antiglioma efficacy in vivo was investigated in orthotopic glioma-bearing rats, and the results demonstrated that the anti-EphA3-TMZ@GNPs prolonged the median survival time to 42 days and increased tumor-cell apoptosis dramatically compared with TMZ. In conclusion, anti-EphA3-TMZ@GNPs could serve as an intranasal drug delivery system for efficacious treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Yawen Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Aiping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Xiuju Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Nuannuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Chunjie Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yantai 264003, P.R. China
| | - Kaoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Youxin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
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48
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Datta S, Sears T, Cortopassi G, Woolard K, Angelastro JM. Repurposing FDA approved drugs inhibiting mitochondrial function for targeting glioma-stem like cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111058. [PMID: 33378970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) tumors contain a small population of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) among the various differentiated GBM cells (d-GCs). GSCs drive tumor recurrence, and resistance to Temozolomide (TMZ), the standard of care (SoC) for GBM chemotherapy. In order to investigate a potential link between GSC specific mitochondria function and SoC resistance, two patient-derived GSC lines were evaluated for differences in their mitochondrial metabolism. In both the lines, GSCs had significantly lower mitochondrial -content, and -function compared to d-GCs. In vitro, the standard mitochondrial-specific inhibitors oligomycin A, antimycin A, and rotenone selectively inhibited GSC proliferation to a greater extent than d-GCs and human primary astrocytes. These findings indicate that mitochondrial inhibition can be a potential GSC-targeted therapeutic strategy in GBM with minimal off-target toxicity. Mechanistically the standard mitochondrial inhibitors elicit their GSC-selective cytotoxic effects through the induction of apoptosis or autophagy pathways. We tested for GSC proliferation in the presence of 3 safe FDA-approved drugs--trifluoperazine, mitoxantrone, and pyrvinium pamoate, all of which are also known mitochondrial-targeting agents. The SoC GBM therapeutic TMZ did not trigger cytotoxicity in glioma stem cells, even at 100 μM concentration. By contrast, trifluoperazine, mitoxantrone, and pyrvinium pamoate exerted antiproliferative effects in GSCs about 30-50 fold more effectively than temozolomide. Thus, we hereby demonstrate that FDA-approved mitochondrial inhibitors induce GSC-selective cytotoxicity, and targeting mitochondrial function could present a potential therapeutic option for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Datta
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Sears
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gino Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Woolard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James M Angelastro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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49
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Cai J, Zhu W, Lin Y, Zhang S, Chen X, Gong S, He S, Hu J, Yan G, Liang J. Systematic Characterization of the Biodistribution of the Oncolytic Virus M1. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:1203-1213. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suzhen Zhang
- Department of Research and Development, Guangzhou Virotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Guangzhou Virotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Shoufang Gong
- Department of Research and Development, Guangzhou Virotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Songmin He
- Department of Research and Development, Guangzhou Virotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangmei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiankai Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Stepanović A, Nikitović M, Bogdanović A, Grujičić D. Long-lasting Thrombocytopenia after Transient Pancytopenia Induced by Short-Term Concomitant Radiotherapy and Temozolomide. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2020; 7:001785. [PMID: 33083356 DOI: 10.12890/2020_001785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe long-lasting and incompletely resolved thrombocytopenia after transient profound pancytopenia in a 62-year-old female patient with glioblastoma after short-term radiotherapy with temozolomide. Pancytopenia was present for more than 4 weeks and thrombocytopenia for more than 6 months, without platelet recovery to normal levels. LEARNING POINTS Some patients may experience severe haematological manifestations after even short-term radiotherapy with temozolomide.In everyday practice, clinical models precisely predicting the haematological toxicity of concomitant treatment with temozolomide and radiotherapy is necessary, especially in countries where genetic tests are not available.Incomplete recovery of the cells of a particular bloodline over a long period may necessitate permanent discontinuation of chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Nikitović
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrija Bogdanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Hematology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Grujičić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Neurosurgery Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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