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Babu HWS, Elangovan A, Iyer M, Kirola L, Muthusamy S, Jeeth P, Muthukumar S, Vanlalpeka H, Gopalakrishnan AV, Kadhirvel S, Kumar NS, Vellingiri B. Association Study Between Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase (KMO) Gene and Parkinson's Disease Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3867-3881. [PMID: 38040995 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of various risk factors such as aging, intricate cellular molecular processes, and lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, caffeine intake, and occupational factors has received increased focus in relation to the risk and development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Limited research has been conducted on the assessment of lifestyle impact on kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) gene in PD. A total of 164 subjects, including 82 PD cases and 82 healthy individuals, were recruited based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The severity of PD and clinical assessment were evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr (HY) scaling. Sanger sequencing was performed to analyse the KMO gene in the recruited subjects, and case-control studies were conducted. The UPDRS assessment revealed significant impairments in smell, tremors, walking, and posture instability in the late-onset PD cohorts. The HY scaling indicated a higher proportion of late-onset cohorts in stage 2. Moreover, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic groups showed significantly increased levels of 3-HK in late-onset PD. Gene analysis identified missense variants at position g.241593373 T > A (rs752312199) and intronic variants at positions g.241592623A > G (rs640718), g.241592800C > A (rs990388262), g.241592802A > C (rs1350160268), g.241592808 T > C (rs1478255936), and g.241592812G > T (rs948928931). The alterations in the KMO gene were found to influence the levels of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK). Genomic analysis revealed a high prevalence of missense mutations in the late-onset PD groups, leading to a decline in 3-HK levels in patients. This leads to the reduction of the progression of disease in late-onset groups which shows that this mutation may lead to the protective effect on the PD subjects. This study suggests the use of KYNA and 3-HK as potential biomarkers in analysing the progression of disease. This study is limited by its small sample size. To overcome this limitation, a larger study involving in greater number of participants is needed to thoroughly investigate the KMO gene and KP metabolites, to enhance our understanding of Parkinson's disease progression, and to enhance diagnostic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harysh Winster Suresh Babu
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Elangovan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, India
| | - Laxmi Kirola
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES University, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sureshan Muthusamy
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Priyanka Jeeth
- Structural and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Computational Sciences, Central University of Punjab, 151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sindduja Muthukumar
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Harvey Vanlalpeka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zoram Medical College, Falkawn, 796005, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Saraboji Kadhirvel
- Structural and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Computational Sciences, Central University of Punjab, 151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | | | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India.
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Ilieva NM, Hoffman EK, Ghalib MA, Greenamyre JT, De Miranda BR. LRRK2 kinase inhibition protects against Parkinson's disease-associated environmental toxicants. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106522. [PMID: 38705492 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is epidemiologically linked with exposure to toxicants such as pesticides and solvents, which comprise a wide array of chemicals that pollute our environment. While most are structurally distinct, a common cellular target for their toxicity is mitochondrial dysfunction, a key pathological trigger involved in the selective vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons. We and others have shown that environmental mitochondrial toxicants such as the pesticides rotenone and paraquat, and the organic solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) appear to be influenced by the protein LRRK2, a genetic risk factor for PD. As LRRK2 mediates vesicular trafficking and influences endolysosomal function, we postulated that LRRK2 kinase activity may inhibit the autophagic removal of toxicant damaged mitochondria, resulting in elevated oxidative stress. Conversely, we suspected that inhibition of LRRK2, which has been shown to be protective against dopaminergic neurodegeneration caused by mitochondrial toxicants, would reduce the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevent mitochondrial toxicity from inducing cell death. To do this, we tested in vitro if genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of LRRK2 (MLi2) protected against ROS caused by four toxicants associated with PD risk - rotenone, paraquat, TCE, and tetrachloroethylene (PERC). In parallel, we assessed if LRRK2 inhibition with MLi2 could protect against TCE-induced toxicity in vivo, in a follow up study from our observation that TCE elevated LRRK2 kinase activity in the nigrostriatal tract of rats prior to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. We found that LRRK2 inhibition blocked toxicant-induced ROS and promoted mitophagy in vitro, and protected against dopaminergic neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial damage caused by TCE in vivo. We also found that cells with the LRRK2 G2019S mutation displayed exacerbated levels of toxicant induced ROS, but this was ameliorated by LRRK2 inhibition with MLi2. Collectively, these data support a role for LRRK2 in toxicant-induced mitochondrial dysfunction linked to PD risk through oxidative stress and the autophagic removal of damaged mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda M Ilieva
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric K Hoffman
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohammed A Ghalib
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Timothy Greenamyre
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Briana R De Miranda
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Brahadeeswaran S, Lateef M, Calivarathan L. An Insight into the Molecular Mechanism of Mitochondrial Toxicant-induced Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:63-75. [PMID: 35125081 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220203163631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorders affecting approximately 1% of the world's population at the age of 50 and above. Majority of PD cases are sporadic and show symptoms after the age of 60 and above. At that time, most of the dopaminergic neurons in the region of substantia nigra pars compacta have been degenerated. Although in past decades, discoveries of genetic mutations linked to PD have significantly impacted our current understanding of the pathogenesis of this devastating disorder, it is likely that the environment also plays a critical role in the etiology of sporadic PD. Recent epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that exposure to environmental agents, including a number of agricultural and industrial chemicals, may contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and several forms of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and PD. Interestingly, substantia nigra of patients with PD has been shown to have a mild deficiency in mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) activity. This review discusses the role of mitochondrial toxicants in the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons targeting the electron transport system that leads to Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Brahadeeswaran
- Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Campus, Thiruvarur - 610005, India
| | - Mohammad Lateef
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Nunar Campus, Ganderbal - 191201, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Latchoumycandane Calivarathan
- Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Campus, Thiruvarur - 610005, India
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Rajan S, Kaas B. Parkinson's Disease: Risk Factor Modification and Prevention. Semin Neurol 2022; 42:626-638. [PMID: 36427528 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased from 2.5 to 6.1 million since the 1990s. This is expected to rise as the world population ages and lives longer. With the current consensus on the existence of a prediagnostic phase of PD, which can be divided into a preclinical stage and a prodromal stage, we can better define the risk markers and prodromal markers of PD in the broader context of PD pathogenesis. Here, we review this pathogenetic process, and discuss the evidence behind various heritability factors, exposure to pesticides and farming, high dairy consumption, and traumatic brain injuries that have been known to raise PD risk. Physical activity, early active lifestyle, high serum uric acid, caffeine consumption, exposure to tobacco, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and calcium channel blockers, as well as the Mediterranean and the MIND diets are observed to lower PD risk. This knowledge, when combined with ways to identify at-risk populations and early prodromal PD patients, can help the clinician make practical recommendations. Most importantly, it helps us set the parameters for epidemiological studies and create the paradigms for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Rajan
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bonnie Kaas
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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An insight into reactivity and bioactivity properties of quorum sensing peptides against PDE10A: a computational peptidology approach. J Mol Model 2022; 28:209. [PMID: 35789297 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are currently the most promising lead molecules. Quorum sensing peptides have a variety of structural features and are regularly exposed to post-translational modifications. Antiparkinsonian drugs lose their efficacy after a long period of use, and patients develop motor problems such as drug-induced dyskinesia (DIDs). The interaction between PDE10A and cAMP is necessary for dopamine neurotransmission and may play a role in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. cAMP and cGMP are cyclic nucleotides that act as secondary messengers in the signal transduction pathway, influencing a range of CNS activities. PDE enzymes hydrolyze phosphodiester bonds to break down cAMP and cGMP, allowing them to control intracellular levels of these second messengers effectively. PDE expression, and hence cyclic nucleotide levels and their downstream targets, may change with age and in numerous age-related illnesses, including Parkinson's disease, according to mounting evidence. At the peak of dyskinesias, cyclic nucleotide levels were lower, and using phosphodiesterase inhibitors before antiparkinsonian medicines reduced the severity of dyskinesias. In a recent study, PapRIV was found to have the ability to activate BV-2 microglia cells, indicating that this quorum sensing peptide may play a role in gut-brain contact. As a result of the current in silico work, mainly focused on QSPs as a lead molecule for inhibiting PDE10A, the SRNAT QSP sequence has been a potent molecule in molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, we can test the efficiency of therapeutic components in vitro and in vivo utilizing this computational approach against PDE10A.
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Kumar S, Goyal L, Singh S. Tremor and Rigidity in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Emphasis on Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Contributing Factors. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:596-609. [PMID: 34620070 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211006142100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prominent neurodegenerative movement disorder after Alzheimer's disease, involving 2-3% of the population aged above 65 years. This is mainly triggered by the depletion of dopaminergic neurons located in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in the region of basal ganglia. At present, diagnosis for symptoms of PD is clinical, contextual, unspecified and therapeutically incomprehensive. Analysis of various causes of PD is essential for an accurate examination of the disease. Among the different causes, such as tremors and rigidity, unresponsiveness to the current treatment approach contributes to mortality. In the present review article, we describe various key factors of pathogenesis and physiology associated with tremors and rigidity necessary for the treatment of PI (postural instability) in patients with PD. Additionally, several reports showing early tremor and rigidity causes, particularly age, cortex lesions, basal ganglia lesions, genetic abnormalities, weakened reflexes, nutrition, fear of fall, and altered biomechanics, have been explored. By summarizing the factors that contribute to the disease, histopathological studies can assess rigidity and tremor in PD. With a clear understanding of the contributing factors, various prospective studies can be done to assess the incidence of rigidity and tremors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001 Punjab, India
| | - Lav Goyal
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001 Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001 Punjab, India
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7
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El-Gamal M, Salama M, Collins-Praino LE, Baetu I, Fathalla AM, Soliman AM, Mohamed W, Moustafa AA. Neurotoxin-Induced Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease: Benefits and Drawbacks. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:897-923. [PMID: 33765237 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by cardinal motor impairments, including akinesia and tremor, as well as by a host of non-motor symptoms, including both autonomic and cognitive dysfunction. PD is associated with a death of nigral dopaminergic neurons, as well as the pathological spread of Lewy bodies, consisting predominantly of the misfolded protein alpha-synuclein. To date, only symptomatic treatments, such as levodopa, are available, and trials aiming to cure the disease, or at least halt its progression, have not been successful. Wong et al. (2019) suggested that the lack of effective therapy against neurodegeneration in PD might be attributed to the fact that the molecular mechanisms standing behind the dopaminergic neuronal vulnerability are still a major scientific challenge. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is critical for developing effective therapy. Thirty-five years ago, Calne and William Langston (1983) raised the question of whether biological or environmental factors precipitate the development of PD. In spite of great advances in technology and medicine, this question still lacks a clear answer. Only 5-15% of PD cases are attributed to a genetic mutation, with the majority of cases classified as idiopathic, which could be linked to exposure to environmental contaminants. Rodent models play a crucial role in understanding the risk factors and pathogenesis of PD. Additionally, well-validated rodent models are critical for driving the preclinical development of clinically translatable treatment options. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms, similarities and differences, as well as advantages and limitations of different neurotoxin-induced rat models of PD. In the second part of this review, we will discuss the potential future of neurotoxin-induced models of PD. Finally, we will briefly demonstrate the crucial role of gene-environment interactions in PD and discuss fusion or dual PD models. We argue that these models have the potential to significantly further our understanding of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Gamal
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. .,Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Ahmed M Fathalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amira M Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Basic Medical Science, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology and Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Gomes FA, Flores RA, Bruxel MA, da Silva FN, Moreira ELG, Zoccal DB, Prediger RD, Rafacho A. Glucose Homeostasis Is Not Affected in a Murine Model of Parkinson's Disease Induced by 6-OHDA. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1020. [PMID: 30686986 PMCID: PMC6333712 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a mutual relationship between metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the causal relationship in this crosstalk is unclear and whether Parkinson’s disease (PD) causes a posterior impact on metabolism remains unknown. Considering that, this study aimed to evaluate the appearance of possible changes in metabolic homeostasis due to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) administration, a neurotoxin that damage dopaminergic neurons leading to motor impairments that resemble the ones observed in PD. For this, male Wistar rats received bilateral 6-OHDA administration in the dorsolateral striatum, and the motor and metabolic outcomes were assessed at 7, 21, or 35 days post-surgical procedure. Dexamethasone, a diabetogenic glucocorticoid (GC), was intraperitoneally administered in the last 6 days to challenge the metabolism and reveal possible metabolic vulnerabilities caused by 6-OHDA. Controls received only vehicles. The 6-OHDA-treated rats displayed a significant decrease in locomotor activity, exploratory behavior, and motor coordination 7 and 35 days after neurotoxin administration. These motor impairments paralleled with no significant alteration in body mass, food intake, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and biochemical parameters (plasma insulin, triacylglycerol, and total cholesterol levels) until the end of the experimental protocol on days 35–38 post-6-OHDA administration. Moreover, hepatic glycogen and fat content, as well as the endocrine pancreas mass, were not altered in rats treated with 6-OHDA at the day of euthanasia (38th day after neurotoxin administration). None of the diabetogenic effects caused by dexamethasone were exacerbated in rats previously treated with 6-OHDA. Thus, we conclude that bilateral 6-OHDA administration in the striatum causes motor deficits in rats with no impact on glucose and lipid homeostasis and does not exacerbate the adverse effects caused by excess GC. These observations indicate that neurodegeneration of dopaminergic circuits in the 6-OHDA rats does not affect the metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Azevedo Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rafael Appel Flores
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maciel Alencar Bruxel
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Flávia Natividade da Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniel Breseghello Zoccal
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Lu W, Chen Z, Ren X, Liu W, Deng R, Yuan J, Huang X, Zhu W, Liu J. SET promotes H2Ak9 acetylation by suppressing HDAC1 in trichloroethylene-induced hepatic cytotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 59:125-131. [PMID: 29579541 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) was widely used as an industrial solvent which could cause severe liver damage. The histone chaperone SET have been identified as an important mediator of TCE-induced hepatic cytotoxicity in our previous study; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we found a total of 136 histone acetylation sites involved in TCE-induced hepatic cytotoxicity with the technique of Triton-acid-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (TAU-PAGE) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Importantly, 17 histone acetylation sites were revealed to be mediated by SET in TCE-induced cytotoxicity. The acetylation of histone H2AK9 (H2AK9ac) was further validated by Western-blot analysis. The data showed that TCE treatment increased the acetylation of H2AK9 in hepatic L-02 cell and decreased the one in SET-knockdown L-02 cells. Besides, levels of the histone deacetylases (HDACs, including HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3) was also analyzed. Interestingly, the level of HDAC1 was aberrantly suppressed in TCE-treated L-02 cells while enhanced in SET-knockdown L-02 cells. To further explore the potential role of HDAC1 in SET-mediated hepatic cytotoxicity of TCE, we employed RNA interference (RNAi) to knockdown HDAC1 in both wide type L-02 and SET-knockdown cells. The results showed that the siRNA inhibition of HDAC1 increased the acetylation of H2AK9. Taken together, our data suggested that SET promoted the acetylation of H2AK9 via suppressing the level of HDAC1, which was involved in SET-mediated hepatic cytotoxicity of TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixue Lu
- School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Yuhu District, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China; Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Tonghe District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaohu Ren
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongxia Deng
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinfeng Huang
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Yuhu District, Xiangtan, 411105, Hunan, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaboration Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Wujin District, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Hartman JH, Miller GP, Meyer JN. Toxicological Implications of Mitochondrial Localization of CYP2E1. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:273-289. [PMID: 28989700 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00020k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) metabolizes an extensive array of pollutants, drugs, and other small molecules, often resulting in bioactivation to reactive metabolites. Therefore, it is unsurprising that it has been the subject of decades of research publications and reviews. However, while CYP2E1 has historically been studied in the endoplasmic reticulum (erCYP2E1), active CYP2E1 is also present in mitochondria (mtCYP2E1). Relatively few studies have specifically focused on mtCYP2E1, but there is growing interest in this form of the enzyme as a driver in toxicological mechanisms given its activity and location. Many previous studies have linked total CYP2E1 to conditions that involve mitochondrial dysfunction (fasting, diabetes, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and obesity). Furthermore, a large number of reactive metabolites that are formed by CYP2E1 through metabolism of drugs and pollutants have been demonstrated to cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, there appears to be significant inter-individual variability in targeting to the mitochondria, which could constitute a source of variability in individual response to exposures. This review discusses those outcomes, the biochemical properties and toxicological consequences of mtCYP2E1, and highlights important knowledge gaps and future directions. Overall, we feel that this exciting area of research is rich with new and important questions about the relationship between mtCYP2E1, mitochondrial dysfunction, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grover P Miller
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC
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11
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Reis J, Benbrick E, Bonneterre V, Spencer P. Parkinson's disease and solvents: Is there a causal link? Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:761-765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Otsuki N, Homma T, Fujiwara H, Kaneko K, Hozumi Y, Shichiri M, Takashima M, Ito J, Konno T, Kurahashi T, Yoshida Y, Goto K, Fujii S, Fujii J. Trichloroethylene exposure aggravates behavioral abnormalities in mice that are deficient in superoxide dismutase. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 79:83-90. [PMID: 27166294 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been implicated as a causative agent for Parkinson's disease (PD). The administration of TCE to rodents induces neurotoxicity associated with dopaminergic neuron death, and evidence suggests that oxidative stress as a major player in the progression of PD. Here we report on TCE-induced behavioral abnormality in mice that are deficient in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Wild-type (WT) and SOD1-deficient (Sod1(-/-)) mice were intraperitoneally administered TCE (500 mg/kg) over a period of 4 weeks. Although the TCE-administrated Sod1(-/-) mice showed marked abnormal motor behavior, no significant differences were observed among the experimental groups by biochemical and histopathological analyses. However, treating mouse neuroblastoma-derived NB2a cells with TCE resulted in the down regulation of the SOD1 protein and elevated oxidative stress under conditions where SOD1 production was suppressed. Taken together, these data indicate that SOD1 plays a pivotal role in protecting motor neuron function against TCE toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Otsuki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujiwara
- Department of Physiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Kenya Kaneko
- Department of Physiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Hozumi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iidanishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Mototada Shichiri
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Mizuki Takashima
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Junitsu Ito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tasuku Konno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kurahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Kaoru Goto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iidanishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Physiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
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13
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Bhattacharjee S, Basnet M, Tufenkji N, Ghoshal S. Effects of Rhamnolipid and Carboxymethylcellulose Coatings on Reactivity of Palladium-Doped Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1812-1820. [PMID: 26745244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) particles are often coated with polymeric surface modifiers for improved colloidal stability and transport during remediation of contaminated aquifers. Doping the NZVI surface with palladium (Pd-NZVI) increases its reactivity to pollutants such as trichloroethylene (TCE). In this study, we investigate the effects of coating Pd-NZVI with two surface modifiers of very different molecular size: rhamnolipid (RL, anionic biosurfactant, M.W. 600 g mol(-1)) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC, anionic polyelectrolyte, M.W. 700 000 g mol(-1)) on TCE degradation. RL loadings of 13-133 mg TOC/g NZVI inhibited deposition of Pd in a concentration-dependent manner, thus limiting the number of available Pd sites and decreasing the TCE degradation reaction rate constant from 0.191 h(-1) to 0.027 h(-1). Furthermore, the presence of RL in solution had an additional inhibitory effect on the reactivity of Pd-NZVI by interacting with the exposed Pd deposits after they were formed. In contrast, CMC had no effect on reactivity at loadings up to 167 mg TOC/g NZVI. There was a lack of correlation between Pd-NZVI aggregate sizes and TCE reaction rates, and is explained by cryo-transmission electron microscopy images that show open, porous aggregate structures where TCE would be able to easily access Pd sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourjya Bhattacharjee
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Mohan Basnet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Nathalie Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Subhasis Ghoshal
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
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14
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Abstract
In recent years, the contribution of exposure to environmental toxicants has been recognized as a significant contributor to the etiopathogenesis of parkinsonism. Of these toxicants, exposure to pesticides, metals, solvents used in manufacturing processes, as well as flame-retardant chemicals used in consumer and commercial products, has received the greatest attention as possible risk factors. Related to this, individuals who are exposed to these compounds at high concentrations or for prolonged periods of time in an occupational setting appear to be one of the more vulnerable populations to these effects. Our understanding of which compounds are involved and the potential molecular pathways that are susceptible to these chemicals and may underlie the pathogenesis has greatly improved. However, there are still hundreds of chemicals that we are exposed to in the environment for which we do not have any information on their potential neurotoxicity on the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Thus, using our past accomplishments as a blueprint, future endeavors should focus on elaborating upon these initial findings in order to identify specific and relevant chemical toxicants in our environment that can impact the risk of parkinsonism and work towards a means to attenuate or abolish their effects on the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Michael Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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15
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Huang P, Ren X, Huang Z, Yang X, Hong W, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Liu W, Huang H, Huang X, Wu D, Yang L, Tang H, Zhou L, Li X, Liu J. Serum proteomic analysis reveals potential serum biomarkers for occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis caused by trichloroethylene. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:101-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Fujita KA, Ostaszewski M, Matsuoka Y, Ghosh S, Glaab E, Trefois C, Crespo I, Perumal TM, Jurkowski W, Antony PMA, Diederich N, Buttini M, Kodama A, Satagopam VP, Eifes S, del Sol A, Schneider R, Kitano H, Balling R. Integrating pathways of Parkinson's disease in a molecular interaction map. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 49:88-102. [PMID: 23832570 PMCID: PMC4153395 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative chronic disease, most likely caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Information on various aspects of PD pathogenesis is rapidly increasing and needs to be efficiently organized, so that the resulting data is available for exploration and analysis. Here we introduce a computationally tractable, comprehensive molecular interaction map of PD. This map integrates pathways implicated in PD pathogenesis such as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein degradation, alpha-synuclein pathobiology and neuroinflammation. We also present bioinformatics tools for the analysis, enrichment and annotation of the map, allowing the research community to open new avenues in PD research. The PD map is accessible at http://minerva.uni.lu/pd_map .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marek Ostaszewski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | | | - Samik Ghosh
- The Systems Biology Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Christophe Trefois
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Isaac Crespo
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Thanneer M. Perumal
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Wiktor Jurkowski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Paul M. A. Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nico Diederich
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Akihiko Kodama
- Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Venkata P. Satagopam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Serge Eifes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio del Sol
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- The Systems Biology Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Systems Biology, Cancer Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Open Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Kunigami, Okinawa Japan
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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17
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Lock EA, Zhang J, Checkoway H. Solvents and Parkinson disease: a systematic review of toxicological and epidemiological evidence. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 266:345-55. [PMID: 23220449 PMCID: PMC3621032 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative motor disorder, with its motor symptoms largely attributable to loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The causes of PD remain poorly understood, although environmental toxicants may play etiologic roles. Solvents are widespread neurotoxicants present in the workplace and ambient environment. Case reports of parkinsonism, including PD, have been associated with exposures to various solvents, most notably trichloroethylene (TCE). Animal toxicology studies have been conducted on various organic solvents, with some, including TCE, demonstrating potential for inducing nigral system damage. However, a confirmed animal model of solvent-induced PD has not been developed. Numerous epidemiologic studies have investigated potential links between solvents and PD, yielding mostly null or weak associations. An exception is a recent study of twins indicating possible etiologic relations with TCE and other chlorinated solvents, although findings were based on small numbers, and dose-response gradients were not observed. At present, there is no consistent evidence from either the toxicological or epidemiologic perspective that any specific solvent or class of solvents is a cause of PD. Future toxicological research that addresses mechanisms of nigral damage from TCE and its metabolites, with exposure routes and doses relevant to human exposures, is recommended. Improvements in epidemiologic research, especially with regard to quantitative characterization of long-term exposures to specific solvents, are needed to advance scientific knowledge on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Lock
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Byrom Street, Liverpool, UK.
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18
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Deshmukh RS, Chaudhary RK, Roy I. Effect of pesticides on the aggregation of mutant huntingtin protein. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 45:405-14. [PMID: 22415443 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The classical reports on neurodegeneration concentrate on studying disruption of signalling cascades. Although it is now well recognized that misfolding and aggregation of specific proteins are associated with a majority of these diseases, their role in aggravating the symptoms is not so well understood. Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results from damage to complex II of mitochondria. In this work, we have studied the effect of mitochondrial complex I inhibitors, viz. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and rotenone, and complex II inhibitor, viz. 3-nitropropionic acid, on the aggregation of mutant huntingtin (mthtt) protein, whose misfolding and aggregation results in cellular abnormalities characteristic of HD. All three inhibitors were found to accelerate the aggregation of mthtt in vitro, although the amounts of aggregates formed were different in all cases. Thus, apart from their effect on mitochondrial viability, these neurotoxins are capable of interfering with the protein aggregation process and thus, hastening the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi S Deshmukh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
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19
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Lentivirus-mediated silencing of I2PP2A through RNA interference attenuates trichloroethylene-induced cytotoxicity in human hepatic L-02 cells. Toxicol Lett 2012; 209:232-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Industrial toxicants and Parkinson's disease. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:178-88. [PMID: 22309908 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The exposure of the human population to environmental contaminants is recognized as a significant contributing factor for the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other forms of parkinsonism. While pesticides have repeatedly been identified as risk factors for PD, these compounds represent only a subset of environmental toxicants that we are exposed to on a regular basis. Thus, non-pesticide contaminants, such as metals, solvents, and other organohalogen compounds have also been implicated in the clinical and pathological manifestations of these movement disorders and it is these non-pesticide compounds that are the subject of this review. As toxic exposures to these classes of compounds can result in a spectrum of PD or PD-related disorders, it is imperative to appreciate shared clinico-pathological characteristics or mechanisms of action of these compounds in order to further delineate the resultant disorders as well as identify improved preventive strategies or therapeutic interventions.
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21
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Simmons AD. Parkinson Disease. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Multiple genetic and environmental etiologies have been implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson disease. Recent observations have suggested an association between chronic exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) and development of clinical parkinsonism. Animal models of TCE exposure have shown nigrostriatal degeneration and the development of parkinsonian features. Animal and cell culture models indicate mitochondrial dysfunction as the probable mechanism, most likely mediated by TaClo, a potential TCE metabolite. These observations endorse the hypothesis that a variety of environmental risk factors may cause nigrostriatal degeneration and clinical parkinsonism in genetically predisposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariha Zaheer
- Movement Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Kentucky Clinic L-445, 740 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0284, USA
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23
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Antony PMA, Diederich NJ, Balling R. Parkinson's disease mouse models in translational research. Mamm Genome 2011; 22:401-19. [PMID: 21559878 PMCID: PMC3151483 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-011-9330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Animal models with high predictive power are a prerequisite for translational research. The closer the similarity of a model to Parkinson’s disease (PD), the higher is the predictive value for clinical trials. An ideal PD model should present behavioral signs and pathology that resemble the human disease. The increasing understanding of PD stratification and etiology, however, complicates the choice of adequate animal models for preclinical studies. An ultimate mouse model, relevant to address all PD-related questions, is yet to be developed. However, many of the existing models are useful in answering specific questions. An appropriate model should be chosen after considering both the context of the research and the model properties. This review addresses the validity, strengths, and limitations of current PD mouse models for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M A Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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24
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Palbykin B, Borg J, Caldwell PT, Rowles J, Papoutsis AJ, Romagnolo DF, Selmin OI. Trichloroethylene Induces Methylation of the Serca2 Promoter in H9c2 Cells and Embryonic Heart. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2011; 11:204-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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