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Ti H, Zhou Y, Liang X, Li R, Ding K, Zhao X. Targeted Treatments for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Using Low-Molecular-Weight Drugs (LMWDs). J Med Chem 2019; 62:5944-5978. [PMID: 30682248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a very common and frequently fatal airway disease. Current therapies for COPD depend mainly on long-acting bronchodilators, which cannot target the pathogenic mechanisms of chronic inflammation in COPD. New pharmaceutical therapies for the inflammatory processes of COPD are urgently needed. Several anti-inflammatory targets have been identified based on increased understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD, which raises new hopes for targeted treatment of this fatal respiratory disease. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in bioactive low-molecular-weight drugs (LMWDs) for the treatment of COPD and, in addition to the first-line drug bronchodilators, focus particularly on low-molecular-weight anti-inflammatory agents, including modulators of inflammatory mediators, inflammasome inhibitors, protease inhibitors, antioxidants, PDE4 inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, and other agents. We also provide new insights into targeted COPD treatments using LMWDs, particularly small-molecule agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ti
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China.,Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology , Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) , AlbaNova University Center , Stockholm SE-100 44 , Sweden
| | - Xue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China
| | - Runfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China.,School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T. , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , P. R. China
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Third-generation long-acting β₂-adrenoceptor agonists: medicinal chemistry strategies employed in the identification of once-daily inhaled β₂-adrenoceptor agonists. Future Med Chem 2012; 3:1607-22. [PMID: 21942251 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled long-acting β(2)-adrenoceptor agonists (LABAs) are highly effective bronchodilators in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is significant interest in the development of third-generation compounds that improve upon the marketed twice-daily LABAs salmeterol and formoterol. A principal advantage sought from the next generation is duration of action that supports once-daily dosing, although improved efficacy, faster onset, and increased therapeutic index are also frequently cited as objectives. Recent publications detailing medicinal chemistry programs directed at the discovery of third-generation LABAs illustrate a wide variety of strategies that have been successfully employed towards these goals. Some recent scientific advances in the understanding of inhaled bronchodilators are discussed and the reported medicinal chemistry strategies are reviewed in the context of these advances.
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Alcaraz L, Bailey A, Cadogan E, Connolly S, Jewell R, Jordan S, Kindon N, Lister A, Lawson M, Mullen A, Dainty I, Nicholls D, Paine S, Pairaudeau G, Stocks MJ, Thorne P, Young A. From libraries to candidate: the discovery of new ultra long-acting dibasic β₂-adrenoceptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:689-95. [PMID: 22079756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Libraries of dibasic compounds designed around the molecular scaffold of the DA(2)/β(2) dual agonist sibenadet (Viozan™) have yielded a number of promising starting points that have been further optimised into novel potent and selective target molecules with required pharmacokinetic properties. From a shortlist, 31 was discovered as a novel, high potency, and highly efficacious β(2)-agonist with high selectivity and a duration of action commensurable with once daily dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Alcaraz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, UK.
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Hanania NA. Safety of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease medications: a primary care perspective. Postgrad Med 2011; 123:72-9. [PMID: 21566417 DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2011.05.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which affects > 210 million individuals worldwide, places primary care practitioners at the forefront of diagnosing and managing COPD, and preventing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with COPD medications. Therefore, it is essential that practitioners understand the safety profiles of these medications. They should also be aware of the host factors and any preexisting comorbidities in their patients that may impact the safety and efficacy of the prescribed therapy. Drug safety information obtained from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses should be analyzed to assess the risk-benefit to a patient, since the majority of ADRs associated with COPD medications are predictable, and are avoidable with judicious use of these drugs. This article discusses the different medications available for COPD management and the factors affecting their safety based on current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Hanania
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asthma Clinical Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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