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Moghanlou AE, Yazdanian M, Roshani S, Demirli A, Seydyousefi M, Metz GAS, Faghfoori Z. Neuroprotective effects of pre-ischemic exercise are linked to expression of NT-3/NT-4 and TrkB/TrkC in rats. Brain Res Bull 2023; 194:54-63. [PMID: 36646145 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Stroke causes irreversible damage, particularly to the hippocampus. Evidence suggests that exercise training may mitigate adverse structural and functional consequences of an ischemic lesion in the brain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of preconditioning exercise on expression of neurotrophic factor genes and proteins in hippocampalCA1 region and their relationship with sensorimotor recovery following global ischemia/reperfusion (Is/Re) injury in a rat model of stroke. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to Exercise+Ischemia/Reperfusion (Ex+Is/Re),Control+Ischemia/Reperfusion (Co+Is/Re), and Sham treatments. Rats in the exercise groups ran on a treadmill for 45 min/d for five days/week for 8 consecutive weeks prior to Is/Re lesion.Ischemia was induced by common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO). The ladder rung walking task was used to assess functional impairments and recovery following ischemic lesion.Tissue from hippocampal area CA1 was inspected for ischemia-induced cell loss and gene and protein expression linked to neurotrophins NT-3, NT-4, and their receptorsTrkB and TrkC. RESULTS CCAO caused hippocampal cell death in CA1 and resulted in significant sensori motor impairments in the ladder rung walking task. In contrast, pre-ischemic exercise considerably reduced cell death and supported sensorimotor recovery following CCAO.In addition, NT-3, NT-4,TrkB and TrkC gene expression and their protein levels were significantly increased inthe Ex+Is/Re group compared to Co+Is/Re (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings showed that pre-ischemic exercise can exert neuroprotective effects via NT-3 and NT-4 pathways against ischemia in hippocampal CA1 neurons and promote post-injury sensorimotor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sajad Roshani
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Sport Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abdullah Demirli
- Department of Coaching Education, Istanbul Esenyurt University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehdi Seydyousefi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Zeinab Faghfoori
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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2
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Bonanni R, Cariati I, Tarantino U, D’Arcangelo G, Tancredi V. Physical Exercise and Health: A Focus on Its Protective Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7020038. [PMID: 35645300 PMCID: PMC9149968 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence has demonstrated the power of physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of numerous chronic and/or age-related diseases, such as musculoskeletal, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. In addition, regular exercise is known to play a key role in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, as it helps to reduce the risk of their onset and counteracts their progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In this regard, neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), have been suggested as key mediators of brain health benefits, as they are involved in neurogenesis, neuronal survival, and synaptic plasticity. The production of these neurotrophic factors, known to be increased by physical exercise, is downregulated in neurodegenerative disorders, suggesting their fundamental importance in maintaining brain health. However, the mechanism by which physical exercise promotes the production of neurotrophins remains to be understood, posing limits on their use for the development of potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this literature review, we analyzed the most recent evidence regarding the relationship between physical exercise, neurotrophins, and brain health, providing an overview of their involvement in the onset and progression of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bonanni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (U.T.)
| | - Ida Cariati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (U.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (U.T.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (V.T.)
| | - Giovanna D’Arcangelo
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (V.T.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (V.T.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Moss LD, Sode D, Patel R, Lui A, Hudson C, Patel NA, Bickford PC. Intranasal delivery of exosomes from human adipose derived stem cells at forty-eight hours post injury reduces motor and cognitive impairments following traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105173. [PMID: 34453976 PMCID: PMC8511339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective role of human adipose-derived stems cells (hASCs) has raised great interest in regenerative medicine due to their ability to modulate their surrounding environment. Our group has demonstrated that exosomes derived from hASC (hASCexo) are a cell-free regenerative approach to long term recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previously, we demonstrated the efficacy of exosome treatment with intravenous delivery at 3 h post TBI in rats. Here, we show efficacy of exosomes through intranasal delivery at 48 h post TBI in mice lengthening the therapeutic window of treatment and therefore increasing possible translation to clinical studies. Our findings demonstrate significant recovery of motor impairment assessed by an elevated body swing test in mice treated with exosomes containing MALAT1 compared to both TBI mice without exosomes and exosomes depleted of MALAT1. Significant cognitive improvement was seen in the reversal trial of 8 arm radial arm water maze in mice treated with exosomes containing MALAT1. Furthermore, cortical damage was significantly reduced in mice treated with exosomes containing MALAT1 as well as decreased MHCII+ staining of microglial cells. Mice without exosomes or treated with exosomes depleted of MALAT1 did not show similar recovery. Results demonstrate both inflammation related genes and NRTK3 (TrkC) are target genes modulated by hASC exosomes and further that MALAT1 in hASC exosomes regulates expression of full length TrkC thereby activating the MAPK pathway and promoting recovery. Exosomes are a promising therapeutic approach following TBI with a therapeutic window of at least 48 h and contain long noncoding RNA's, specifically MALAT1 that play a vital role in the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D Moss
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Derek Sode
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rekha Patel
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ashley Lui
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Charles Hudson
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Niketa A Patel
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Paula C Bickford
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA; James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Amooei M, Meshkati Z, Nasiri R, Dakhili AB. Cognitive decline prevention in offspring of Pb +2 exposed mice by maternal aerobic training and Cur/CaCO 3@Cur supplementations: In vitro and in vivo studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111785. [PMID: 33348254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are considered contaminants that hazardously influence the healthy life of humans and animals as they are widely used in industry. Contact of youngsters and women at ages of parturition with lead (Pb+2) is a main related concern, which passes through the placental barricade and its better absorption in the intestine leads to flaws in the fetal developfment. However, the metals threaten animal and human life, in particular throughout developmental stages. Products existing in the nature have a major contribution to innovating chemo-preventives. As a naturally available polyphenol and necessary curcuminoid, curcumin (Cur) is a derivative of the herb Curcuma longa (L.) rhizome, which globally recognized as "wonder drug of life"; however, Cur has a limited clinical use as it is poorly dissolved in water. Therefore, to enhance its clinically relevant parameters, curcumin-loaded calcium carbonate (CaCO3@Cur) was synthesized by one step coprecipitation method as a newly introduced in this research. Initially, its structure was physio chemically characterized using FT-IR, FESEM and DLS equipment and then the cytotoxicity of lead when it was pretreated with Cur/CaCO3@Cur were assessed by MTT assay. Both Cur and CaCO3@Cur diminished the toxic effects of Pb+2 while the most protective effect on the Pb+2 cytotoxicity was achieved by pre-incubation of cells with CaCO3@Cur. Besides, the morphological changes of Pb+2-treated cells that were pre-incubated with or without Cur/CaCO3@Cur were observed by normal and florescent microscopes. A non-pharmacologic method that lowers the hazard of brain damage is exercise training that is capable of both improving and alleviating memory. In the current study, the role of regular aerobic training and CaCO3@Cur was assessed in reducing the risk of brain damage induced by lead nitrate contact. To achieve the mentioned goal, pregnant Balb/C mice were assigned to five groups (six mice/group) at random: negative and positive controls, aerobic training group and Cur and CaCO3@Cur treated (50 mg/kg/b.wt) trained groups that exposed to Pb+2 (2 mg/kg) by drinking water during breeding and pregnancy. With the completion of study, offspring were subjected to the behavioral tasks that was tested by step-through ORT, DLB, MWM and YM tests. As a result, having regular aerobic training and CaCO3@Cur co-administration with lead nitrate could reverse the most defected behavioral indicators; yet, this was not visible for both sexes and it seems that gender can also be a source of different effects in the animal's body. In fact, having regular aerobic training along with CaCO3@Cur supplementation during pregnancy may be encouraging protecting potential agents towards the toxicity of Pb+2 that could be recommended in the areas with high pollution of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Amooei
- Department of physical education and sport sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Meshkati
- Department of physical education and sport sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Rozita Nasiri
- Iran National Elite Foundation, Tehran 93111-14578, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Bahador Dakhili
- Department of physical education and sport science, Faculty of shahid chamran Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Kerman, Iran
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de Miranda AS, de Barros JLVM, Teixeira AL. Is neurotrophin-3 (NT-3): a potential therapeutic target for depression and anxiety? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:1225-1238. [PMID: 33141605 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1846720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is thought to play a role in the neurobiological processes implicated in mood and anxiety disorders. NT-3 is a potential pharmacological target for mood disorders because of its effects on monoamine neurotransmitters, regulation of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling boosting, and modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The mechanisms underlying NT-3 anxiolytic properties are less clear and require further exploration and definition. Areas covered: The evidence that supports NT-3 as a pharmacological target for anxiety and mood disorders is presented and this is followed by a reflection on the quandaries, stumbling blocks, and future perspectives for this novel target. Expert opinion: There is evidence for miRNAs being key post-transcriptional regulators of neurotrophin-3 receptor gene (NTRK3) in anxiety disorders; however, the anxiolytic properties of NT-3 need further examination and delineation. Moreover, NT-3 expression by non-neuronal cells and its role in brain circuits that participate in anxiety and mood disorders require further scrutiny. Further work is vital before progression into clinical trials can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S de Miranda
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - J L V M de Barros
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antonio Lucio Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, Brazil
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6
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Hirsch MA, van Wegen EEH, Newman MA, Heyn PC. Exercise-induced increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in human Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:7. [PMID: 29568518 PMCID: PMC5859548 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Animal models of exercise and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have found that the physiologic use of exercise may interact with the neurodegenerative disease process, likely mediated by brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). No reviews so far have assessed the methodologic quality of available intervention studies or have bundled the effect sizes of individual studies on exercise-induced effects on BDNF blood levels in human PD. Research design and methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and PubMed from inception to June 2017. Results Data aggregated from two randomized controlled trials and four pre-experimental studies with a total of 100 ambulatory patients with idiopathic PD (Hoehn/Yahr ≤3) found improvements in BDNF blood concentration levels in all 6 studies (two RCTs and 4 pre-experimental studies). Pooled BDNF level change scores from the 2 RCTs resulted in a significant homogeneous summary effect size (Standardized Mean Difference 2.06, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.76), and a significant heterogeneous SES for the motor part of the UPDRS-III examination (MD -5.53, 95% CI -10.42 to -0.64). Clinical improvements were noted in all studies using a variety of outcome measures. Limitations The evidence-base consists primarily of small studies with low to moderate methodological quality. Conclusions This review provides preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of physical exercise treatments for persons with PD on BDNF blood levels. Further research is needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40035-018-0112-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hirsch
- 1Carolinas Medical Center, Carolinas Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1100 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA
| | - Erwin E H van Wegen
- 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences/Amsterdam Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 Amsterdam, MB The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Newman
- 1Carolinas Medical Center, Carolinas Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1100 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA
| | - Patricia C Heyn
- 3Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
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7
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Zafonte RD, Shih SL, Iaccarino MA, Tan CO. Neurologic benefits of sports and exercise. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 158:463-471. [PMID: 30482373 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63954-7.00042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with several pathophysiologic changes, including: neurostructural alterations; molecular changes with shifts in circulating neurotrophins; impaired neural metabolism; changes in cerebrovascular autoregulation, vasoreactivity, and neurovascular coupling; and alterations in functional brain connectivity. In animal models of TBI, aerobic exercise reduces neuronal injury, promotes neuronal survival, and enhances the production of neuroprotective trophic factors. However, the timing of exercise initiation is an important consideration as early exercise in the acute postinjury period may impede recovery mechanisms, although evidence for this in humans is lacking. Though human clinical studies are limited, aerobic exercise post-TBI engages cerebrovascular mechanisms and may impart neurophysiologic benefits to mitigate post-TBI pathophysiologic changes. Additionally, subsymptom threshold exercise in humans has been demonstrated to be safe, feasible, and effective in decreasing symptom burden in individuals with mild TBI, and to counteract the detrimental effects of prolonged inactivity, subsequent physical deconditioning, and its negative emotional sequelae. This chapter will explore the potential role of aerobic exercise in neurorecovery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Shirley L Shih
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary Alexis Iaccarino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Can Ozan Tan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Vanzella C, Neves JD, Vizuete AF, Aristimunha D, Kolling J, Longoni A, Gonçalves CAS, Wyse AT, Netto CA. Treadmill running prevents age-related memory deficit and alters neurotrophic factors and oxidative damage in the hippocampus of Wistar rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 334:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Neurotrauma: The Crosstalk between Neurotrophins and Inflammation in the Acutely Injured Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051082. [PMID: 28524074 PMCID: PMC5454991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among young individuals worldwide. Understanding the pathophysiology of neurotrauma is crucial for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. After the trauma occurs, immediate neurologic damage is produced by the traumatic forces; this primary injury triggers a secondary wave of biochemical cascades together with metabolic and cellular changes, called secondary neural injury. In the scenario of the acutely injured brain, the ongoing secondary injury results in ischemia and edema culminating in an uncontrollable increase in intracranial pressure. These areas of secondary injury progression, or areas of “traumatic penumbra”, represent crucial targets for therapeutic interventions. Neurotrophins are a class of signaling molecules that promote survival and/or maintenance of neurons. They also stimulate axonal growth, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmitter synthesis and release. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of neurotrophins in the acute post-injury response. Here, we discuss possible endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms of neurotrophins in the prevailing environment surrounding the injured areas, and highlight the crosstalk between neurotrophins and inflammation with focus on neurovascular unit cells, particularly pericytes. The perspective is that neurotrophins may represent promising targets for research on neuroprotective and neurorestorative processes in the short-term following TBI.
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Garatachea N, Pareja-Galeano H, Sanchis-Gomar F, Santos-Lozano A, Fiuza-Luces C, Morán M, Emanuele E, Joyner MJ, Lucia A. Exercise attenuates the major hallmarks of aging. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 18:57-89. [PMID: 25431878 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has multi-system anti-aging effects. Here we summarize how exercise impacts the major hallmarks of aging. We propose that, besides searching for novel pharmaceutical targets of the aging process, more research efforts should be devoted to gaining insights into the molecular mediators of the benefits of exercise and to implement effective exercise interventions for elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Garatachea
- 1 Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza , Huesca, Spain
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11
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Park K, Lee S, Hong Y, Park S, Choi J, Chang KT, Kim JH, Hong Y. Therapeutic physical exercise in neural injury: friend or foe? J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:3933-5. [PMID: 26834383 PMCID: PMC4713822 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The intensity of therapeutic physical exercise is complex and sometimes
controversial in patients with neural injuries. This review assessed whether therapeutic
physical exercise is beneficial according to the intensity of the physical exercise.
[Methods] The authors identified clinically or scientifically relevant articles from
PubMed that met the inclusion criteria. [Results] Exercise training can improve body
strength and lead to the physiological adaptation of skeletal muscles and the nervous
system after neural injuries. Furthermore, neurophysiological and neuropathological
studies show differences in the beneficial effects of forced therapeutic exercise in
patients with severe or mild neural injuries. Forced exercise alters the distribution of
muscle fiber types in patients with neural injuries. Based on several animal studies,
forced exercise may promote functional recovery following cerebral ischemia via signaling
molecules in ischemic brain regions. [Conclusions] This review describes several types of
therapeutic forced exercise and the controversy regarding the therapeutic effects in
experimental animals versus humans with neural injuries. This review also provides a
therapeutic strategy for physical therapists that grades the intensity of forced exercise
according to the level of neural injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghui Park
- Ubiquitous Healthcare and Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Therapy, Dong-Ju College, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Ubiquitous Healthcare and Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Republic of Korea; Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkyung Hong
- Ubiquitous Healthcare and Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Republic of Korea; Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sookyoung Park
- Ubiquitous Healthcare and Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungnam University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Choi
- Ubiquitous Healthcare and Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Republic of Korea; Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Heon Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Ubiquitous Healthcare and Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Republic of Korea; Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Republic of Korea; Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea
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12
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Becker BE. 46th Walter J. Zeiter Lecture, Exercise
Is
Rehabilitation Medicine: Our History and Future. PM R 2015; 7:345-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E. Becker
- University of Washington School of Medicine, 13125 S Fairway Ridge Ln, Spokane, WA 99224
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13
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Miao W, Bao TH, Han JH, Yin M, Yan Y, Wang WW, Zhu YH. Voluntary exercise prior to traumatic brain injury alters miRNA expression in the injured mouse cerebral cortex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:433-9. [PMID: 25760028 PMCID: PMC4445667 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be important mediators of the profound molecular and cellular
changes that occur after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the changes and
possible roles of miRNAs induced by voluntary exercise prior to TBI are still not
known. In this report, the microarray method was used to demonstrate alterations in
miRNA expression levels in the cerebral cortex of TBI mice that were pretrained on a
running wheel (RW). Voluntary RW exercise prior to TBI: i) significantly decreased
the mortality rate and improved the recovery of the righting reflex in TBI mice, and
ii) differentially changed the levels of several miRNAs, upregulating some and
downregulating others. Furthermore, we revealed global upregulation of miR-21,
miR-92a, and miR-874 and downregulation of miR-138, let-7c, and miR-124 expression
among the sham-non-runner, TBI-non-runner, and TBI-runner groups. Quantitative
reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction data (RT-qPCR) indicated good
consistency with the microarray results. Our microarray-based analysis of miRNA
expression in mice cerebral cortex after TBI revealed that some miRNAs such as
miR-21, miR-92a, miR-874, miR-138, let-7c, and miR-124 could be involved in the
prevention and protection afforded by voluntary exercise in a TBI model.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Miao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - T H Bao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - J H Han
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - M Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Y Yan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - W W Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Y H Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Spontaneous Running Wheel Improves Cognitive Functions of Mouse Associated with miRNA Expressional Alteration in Hippocampus Following Traumatic Brain Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:622-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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