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Takahashi I, Takeda K, Toyama T, Matsuzaki T, Kuroki H, Hoso M. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of articular cartilage during onset and progression of pre- and early-stage osteoarthritis in a rodent model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10568. [PMID: 38719877 PMCID: PMC11079058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment of pre- and early-stage osteoarthritis (OA) is important. However, the cellular and cartilaginous changes occurring during these stages remain unclear. We investigated the histological and immunohistochemical changes over time between pre- and early-stage OA in a rat model of traumatic injury. Thirty-six male rats were divided into two groups, control and OA groups, based on destabilization of the medial meniscus. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of articular cartilage were performed on days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 postoperatively. Cell density of proteins associated with cartilage degradation increased from postoperative day one. On postoperative day three, histological changes, including chondrocyte death, reduced matrix staining, and superficial fibrillation, were observed. Simultaneously, a compensatory increase in matrix staining was observed. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International score increased from postoperative day seven, indicating thinner cartilage. On postoperative day 10, the positive cell density decreased, whereas histological changes progressed with fissuring and matrix loss. The proteoglycan 4-positive cell density increased on postoperative day seven. These findings will help establish an experimental model and clarify the mechanism of the onset and progression of pre- and early-stage traumatic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikufumi Takahashi
- Section of Rehabilitation, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Takeda
- Section of Rehabilitation, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tadashi Toyama
- Division of Biostatistics, Innovative Clinical Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Taro Matsuzaki
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroki
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hoso
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Nakahara R, Ito A, Nakahata A, Nagai-Tanima M, Kawai H, Uchiyama K, Nishitani K, Wang T, Aoyama T, Kuroki H. Development of a novel model for intraarticular adhesion in rat knee joint. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292000. [PMID: 37733702 PMCID: PMC10513256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel rat model of knee joint adhesion was developed, and its formation was analyzed quantitatively over time. Thirty-nine Wistar rats were randomly divided into intact control (n = 3) and experimental (n = 36) groups. The latter was equally divided into three groups according to the experimental intervention: fixed with deep bending of the knee joint (group I), fixed after incision of the capsule (group II), and fixed after exposure of the patellofemoral joint to artificial patellar subluxation (group III). All rats were subdivided according to their joint immobilization period (1, 2, or 4 weeks). Thereafter, the limited range of motion of the knee joint with (limited knee range of motion) and without (limited knee joint intrinsic range of motion) skin and muscles were measured. The lengths of adhesions of the anterior knee joint and posterior capsules were evaluated histologically. The limited intrinsic range of motion of the knee joint was found to be increased in groups II and III compared to that in group I 4 weeks after immobilization. Adhesions were confirmed within 1 week after immobilization in groups II and III. The length of the adhesions in group III was significantly longer than in other groups at 2 weeks and remained longer than in group I at 4 weeks. This model may contribute to the assessment of the adhesion process and development of new therapeutic avenues following trauma or surgical invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakahara
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakahata
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Momoko Nagai-Tanima
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Kawai
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kisara Uchiyama
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishitani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tianshu Wang
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroki
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Moore LK, Lee CS, Agha O, Liu M, Zhang H, Dang ABC, Dang A, Liu X, Feeley BT. A novel mouse model of hindlimb joint contracture with 3D-printed casts. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2865-2872. [PMID: 35266583 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Stiff joints formed after trauma, surgery or immobilization are frustrating for surgeons, therapists and patients alike. Unfortunately, the study of contracture is limited by available animal model systems, which focus on the utilization of larger mammals and joint trauma. Here we describe a novel mouse-based model system for the generation of joint contracture using 3D-printed clamshell casts. With this model system we are able to generate both reversible and irreversible contractures of the knee and ankle. Four- or 8-month-old female mice were casted for either 2 or 3 weeks before liberation. All groups formed measurable contractures of the knee and ankle. Younger mice immobilized for less time formed reversible contractures of the knee and ankle. We were able to generate irreversible contracture with either longer immobilization time or the utilization of older mice. The contracture formation translated into differences in gait, which were detectable using the DigiGait® analysis system. This novel model system provides a higher throughput, lower cost and more powerful tool in studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms considering the large existing pool of transgenic/knockout murine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Moore
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carlin S Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Obiajulu Agha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Alan B C Dang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexis Dang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xuhui Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian T Feeley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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Watanabe M, Campbell TM, Reilly K, Uhthoff HK, Laneuville O, Trudel G. Bone replaces unloaded articular cartilage during knee immobilization. A longitudinal study in the rat. Bone 2021; 142:115694. [PMID: 33069921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joint immobility results in deleterious changes such as capsule shortening, bone loss and articular cartilage damage. Immobilization of rat knees in flexion for 32 weeks resulted in the distinctive feature of well-established replacement of articular cartilage by bone. Determining the time of onset of bone replacement is critical for the prevention of this likely irreversible complication of joint immobilization. OBJECTIVES To determine the onset and progression of bone replacement in the anterior tibial articular cartilage following knee immobilization in flexion. METHODS One hundred forty-nine adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The experimental groups had one knee immobilized at 135°of flexion for durations of 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 weeks and were compared to age-matched controls. The knees were evaluated histologically for the presence and cross-sectional area of bone within the articular cartilage of the tibia. Distance between the anterior aspect of the tibia and intact articular cartilage and cross-sectional bone area of the tibial epiphysis were also measured. RESULT Bone replacement in the articular cartilage was observed in 14%, 75%, 95%, 100% and 100% of knees after 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 weeks of immobilization, respectively. No bone replacement was seen in the control knees. The mean area of bone replacement increased from 0.004 ± 0.007 mm2 after 2 weeks to 0.041 ± 0.036 mm2; 0.085 ± 0.077 mm2; 0.092 ± 0.056 mm2 and 0.107 ± 0.051 mm2 after 4, 8, 16 and 32 weeks of immobilization, respectively, (p < 0.001) largely restricted to the anterior tibial articular cartilage. Mean distance to intact articular cartilage increased from 0.89 ± 0.69 mm at 2 weeks to 1.10 ± 0.35 mm; 1.65 ± 0.77 mm; 1.48 ± 0.63 mm; and 1.78 ± 0.58 mm after 4, 8, 16 and 32 weeks of immobilization, respectively (p = 0.001). Epiphyseal bone cross-sectional area was significantly reduced following 4, 8, and 16 weeks of immobilization compare to controls (all 3 p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Knee immobilization in flexion resulted in bone replacement in the anterior tibial articular cartilage that began after 2 weeks and was prevalent after 4 weeks of immobilization. The bone replacement progressed in an anterior-to-posterior direction and stopped at the area of contact between tibia and femur. These findings stress the importance of mobility to maintain joint health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Watanabe
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Division of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 505 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nagoya Gakuin University, 3-1-17 Taiho, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 456-0062, Japan.
| | - T Mark Campbell
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Division of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 505 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Elisabeth Bruyère Hospital, 43 Bruyere St. Room, 240D, Ottawa, ON K1N 5C8, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Katherine Reilly
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Division of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 505 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Hans K Uhthoff
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Division of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 505 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Odette Laneuville
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Division of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 505 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada.
| | - Guy Trudel
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Division of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 505 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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5
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Takeda K, Takeshima E, Kojima S, Watanabe M, Matsuzaki T, Hoso M. Daily and short-term application of joint movement for the prevention of infrapatellar fat pad atrophy due to immobilization. J Phys Ther Sci 2019; 31:873-877. [PMID: 31871369 PMCID: PMC6879406 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.31.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To mobilize the knee joint during cast fixation and to determine whether infrapatellar fat pad changes can be prevented. [Materials and Methods] We randomly allocated Wistar rats into 3 groups as follows: normal group, raised in normal conditions (n=5); contracture group, immobilized with cast fixation (n=5); and prevention group, treated with joint movement during immobilization (n=5). We immobilized the right hindlimb using cast fixation. Joint movement in the prevention group was accomplished by repeatedly pulling the right hindlimb caudally and then returning the leg to the bent position for 10 minutes every day for 2 weeks. We used a metronome to maintain a constant speed, with one set lasting 2 seconds (1-second traction and 1-second return). [Results] The contracture group had adipose cells of various sizes and fibrosis in the infrapatellar fat pad. These changes were also found in milder forms in the prevention group. We found significant differences in the cross section of adipose cells and in knee extension restriction between the groups. [Conclusion] Promoting joint movement may not only have a therapeutic effect on adipose cells but also a preventative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Takeda
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University: 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Kanazawa University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Kojima
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation, Kinjo University, Japan
| | | | - Taro Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University: 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hoso
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University: 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
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Takahashi I, Matsuzaki T, Kuroki H, Hoso M. Disuse histological changes of an unloading environment on joint components in rat knee joints. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2019; 1:100008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2019.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Campbell TM, Reilly K, Laneuville O, Uhthoff H, Trudel G. Bone replaces articular cartilage in the rat knee joint after prolonged immobilization. Bone 2018; 106:42-51. [PMID: 28974461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lost joint range of motion (ROM) is common in chronic osteoarthritis, alters regional weight-bearing across the articular surfaces, and contributes to loss of cartilage and bone alterations. Limited data exist on the regional effects on joints subjected to chronic losses of ROM. OBJECTIVE To characterize the regional replacement by bone as part of articular cartilage degeneration after prolonged immobilization. METHODS Eleven rat knees were rigidly-immobilized in flexion for 32weeks with contralateral and sham-operated (n=6) knees as controls. Sagittal medial tibial epiphysis histological sections assessed the anterior (non-weight-bearing), middle and posterior (both weight-bearing) regions. We quantified the distribution of collagen I, collagen II, cartilage thickness, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) staining, Mankin scoring, and subchondral bone plate cross-sectional area. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we visualized blood vessels, osteoblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). RESULTS Immobilized cartilage had increased collagen I content in the anterior tibial region with picrosirius red staining (immobilized=61±20%; contralateral=43±12%, p=0.033; sham=20±10%, p=0.028) and collagen I IHC (immobilized=40±10%; contralateral=11±4%, p=0.003; sham=5±3%, p=0.043). Articular cartilage was thinner anteriorly (18±30μm) in immobilized knees versus contralateral (124±40μm, p<0.001) and sham (125±43μm, p=0.043). GAG staining covered 2±4% of the anterior articular area in immobilized knees versus 28±12% contralaterally (p=0.003) and 26±7% in sham (p=0.043). Mankin scores in immobilized knees were 4.7±1.7 versus 0.2±0.4 and 0±0 for contralateral and sham (p=0.003, p=0.042), respectively. The trabecular bone plate area of anterior and posterior regions showed relative loss of cross-sectional area in immobilized knees compared to controls (immobilized/contralateral area ratios of 0.67 and 0.46 respectively, both p=0.003), while the area in the middle region was preserved. Movat's pentachrome stain and CD31 staining showed chondral vascular ingrowth from subchondral bone. Osteocalcin and CD90 MSC staining were decreased in immobilized knees versus contralateral (p=0.003, p=0.036 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Bony replacement characterizes articular cartilage degeneration of knees immobilized for 32weeks in the anterior, non-weight bearing region of the tibia. Replacement of cartilage by bone may have been mediated by chondral vascularization, suggesting irreversible changes. These findings stress the importance of weight-bearing and joint motion to maintain cartilage structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Campbell
- Elizabeth Bruyère Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - K Reilly
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - O Laneuville
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - H Uhthoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - G Trudel
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Rehabilitation Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Maezawa T, Tanaka M, Kanazashi M, Maeshige N, Kondo H, Ishihara A, Fujino H. Astaxanthin supplementation attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle fibrosis via suppression of oxidative stress. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:603-611. [PMID: 27714500 PMCID: PMC10718026 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization induces skeletal muscle fibrosis characterized by increasing collagen synthesis in the perimysium and endomysium. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is associated with this lesion via promoting differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are shown to mediate TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in tissues. These reports suggest the importance of ROS reduction for attenuating skeletal muscle fibrosis. Astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant, has been shown to reduce ROS production in disused muscle. Therefore, we investigated the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on muscle fibrosis under immobilization. In the present study, immobilization increased the collagen fiber area, the expression levels of TGF-β1, α-smooth muscle actin, and superoxide dismutase-1 protein and ROS production. However, these changes induced by immobilization were attenuated by astaxanthin supplementation. These results indicate the effectiveness of astaxanthin supplementation on skeletal muscle fibrosis induced by ankle joint immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Maezawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka University of Human Sciences, 1-4-1 Shojaku, Settsu-shi, Osaka, 566-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Kanazashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Mihara-shi, Hiroshima, 723-0053, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeshige
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, 4-21 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi, 467-8611, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan.
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Vieira L, Lovison K, Kunz RI, Antunes JS, Bertolini GRF, Brancalhão RMC, Ribeiro LDFC. Resistance exercise recovers the structure of cartilage and synovial membrane of the ankle joint of rats after sciatic compression. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700030001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Keli Lovison
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brazil
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10
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Kaneguchi A, Ozawa J, Kawamata S, Yamaoka K. Development of arthrogenic joint contracture as a result of pathological changes in remobilized rat knees. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1414-1423. [PMID: 27601089 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate how rats recover from immobilization-induced knee joint contracture. Rats' right knees were immobilized by an external fixator at a flexion of 140° for 3 weeks. After removal of the fixator, the joints were allowed to move freely (remobilization) for 0, 1, 3, 7, or 14 days (n = 5 each). To distinguish myogenic and arthrogenic contractures, the passive extension range of motion was measured before and after myotomy of the knee flexors. Knee joints were histologically analyzed and the expression of genes encoding inflammatory or fibrosis-related mediators, interleukin-1β (1L-1β), fibrosis-related transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and collagen type I (COL1A1) and III (COL3A1), were examined in the knee joint posterior capsules using real-time PCR. Both myogenic and arthrogenic contractures were established within 3 weeks of immobilization. During remobilization, the myogenic contracture decreased over time. In contrast, the arthrogenic contracture developed further during the remobilization period. On day 1 of remobilization, inflammatory changes characterized by edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and upregulation of IL-1β gene started in the knee joint posterior capsule. In addition, collagen deposition accompanied by fibroblast proliferation, with upregulation of TGF-β1, COL1A1, and COL3A1 genes, appeared in the joint capsule between days 7 and 14. These results suggest the progression of arthrogenic contracture following remobilization, which is characterized by fibrosis development, is possibly triggered by inflammation in the joint capsule. It is therefore necessary to focus on developing new treatment strategies for immobilization-induced joint contracture. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1414-1423, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Kaneguchi
- Major in Medical Engineering and Technology, Graduate School of Medical Technology and Health Welfare Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kurose-Gakuendai 555-36, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junya Ozawa
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Kurose-Gakuendai 555-36, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-2695, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kawamata
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamaoka
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Kurose-Gakuendai 555-36, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-2695, Japan
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11
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Petrini AC, Ramos DM, Gomes de Oliveira L, Alberto da Silva C, Pertille A. Prior swimming exercise favors muscle recovery in adult female rats after joint immobilization. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:2072-7. [PMID: 27512267 PMCID: PMC4968509 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To evaluate the efficacy of pre-exercise on immobilization and subsequent recovery of white gastrocnemius (WG) and soleus (SOL) muscles of female rats. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty, 8-month-old, female Wistar rats were randomly and evenly allocated to six groups: sedentary (S); immobilized sedentary (IS); immobilized/rehabilitated sedentary (IRS); trained (T); immobilized trained (IT); and immobilized/rehabilitated trained (IRT). For four months, T, IT and IRT group animals performed swimming exercise (three sessions per week, 60 minutes per session), while S, IS and IRS groups animals remained housed in cages. After this period, the left hindlimb of the animals from the IS, IRS, IT and IRT groups was immobilized for five days, with the ankle at 90°. After removal of the orthosis, animals from the IRS and IRT groups followed a rehabilitation program based on swimming (five sessions per week, 60 minutes per session) for two weeks. [Results] Immobilization significantly reduced the cross-sectional area of the white gastrocnemius muscle; no changes were observed in the soleus muscles of the trained animals. Transforming growth factor-β1 protein levels were similar among the trained groups. [Conclusion] Prior swimming prevents hypotrophy of the soleus muscle after immobilization, and protein levels reflected the adaptive capacity of the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Petrini
- Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Methodist University of
Piracicaba, UNIMEP, Brazil
| | - Douglas Massoni Ramos
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Plasticity, Graduate Program in
Science of Human Movement, Methodist University of Piracicaba, UNIMEP, Brazil
| | - Luana Gomes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Plasticity, Graduate Program in
Science of Human Movement, Methodist University of Piracicaba, UNIMEP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto da Silva
- Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Methodist University of
Piracicaba, UNIMEP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Plasticity, Graduate Program in
Science of Human Movement, Methodist University of Piracicaba, UNIMEP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pertille
- Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Methodist University of
Piracicaba, UNIMEP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Plasticity, Graduate Program in
Science of Human Movement, Methodist University of Piracicaba, UNIMEP, Brazil
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Lu W, Wang L, Wo C, Yao J. Ketamine attenuates osteoarthritis of the knee via modulation of inflammatory responses in a rabbit model. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5013-20. [PMID: 27109206 PMCID: PMC4878578 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of ketamine in attenuating osteoarthritis (OA) and modulating the expression of inflammatory mediators. A rabbit OA model was established by knee immobilization using plaster bandages. After six weeks, rabbits were randomly allocated into four groups (n=6/group): Normal saline, Ket60, Ket100, and Ket200 and twice a week for four weeks the rabbits received an intra-articular injection of saline, or 60, 100 or 200 µmol/l ketamine, respectively. One week after the final injection, samples of synovial membrane, synovial fluid and articular cartilage were isolated. The pathological changes were assessed by general observation, hematoxylin and eosin staining and Alcian blue/periodic-acid Schiff staining. Cartilage pathology was assessed using Mankin's scoring system. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10 levels in the synovial fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 subunit expression level in cartilage samples was determined by immunohistochemistry. OA was characterized by morphological changes in the articular surface, cartilage lesions, infiltration of inflammatory cells and a significantly increased Mankin's score. Elevated TNF-α and reduced IL-10 levels in the synovial fluid, along with increased p65 expression levels in the cartilage were observed in OA rabbits. Intra-articular injection of ketamine ameliorated the pathological characteristics of OA, reduced the Mankin's score, decreased TNF-α and NF-κB p65 expression levels, and increased the level of IL-10 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Thus is was demonstrated that Ketamine suppresses the inflammatory response in OA by modulating inflammatory mediator expression levels in a rabbit model of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Chunxin Wo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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Moran CJ, Ramesh A, Brama PAJ, O'Byrne JM, O'Brien FJ, Levingstone TJ. The benefits and limitations of animal models for translational research in cartilage repair. J Exp Orthop 2016; 3:1. [PMID: 26915001 PMCID: PMC4703594 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-015-0037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Much research is currently ongoing into new therapies for cartilage defect repair with new biomaterials frequently appearing which purport to have significant regenerative capacity. These biomaterials may be classified as medical devices, and as such must undergo rigorous testing before they are implanted in humans. A large part of this testing involves in vitro trials and biomechanical testing. However, in order to bridge the gap between the lab and the clinic, in vivo preclinical trials are required, and usually demanded by regulatory approval bodies. This review examines the in vivo models in current use for cartilage defect repair testing and the relevance of each in the context of generated results and applicability to bringing the device to clinical practice. Some of the preclinical models currently used include murine, leporine, ovine, caprine, porcine, canine, and equine models. Each of these has advantages and disadvantages in terms of animal husbandry, cartilage thickness, joint biomechanics and ethical and licencing issues. This review will examine the strengths and weaknesses of the various animal models currently in use in preclinical studies of cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Moran
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashwanth Ramesh
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pieter A J Brama
- Section of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John M O'Byrne
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Cappagh National Orthopaedic Hospital, Finglas, Dublin 11, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tanya J Levingstone
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland.
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