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Totou NL, de Moura SS, Martins Júnior FDAD, de Sousa FB, Coelho DB, de Oliveira EC, Dos Santos RAS, Becker LK, de Lima WG. Oral administration of angiotensin-(1-7) decreases muscle damage and prevents the fibrosis in rats after eccentric exercise. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1710-1719. [PMID: 33998067 DOI: 10.1113/ep089308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Eccentric contraction exercises cause damage to muscle fibres and induce inflammatory responses. The exacerbation of this process can induce deposition of fibrous connective tissue, leading to decreased muscle function. The aim of this study was to examine the role of angiotensin-(1-7) in this context. What is the main finding and its importance? Our results show that oral treatment with angiotensin-(1-7) decreases muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise, reducing inflammation and fibrosis in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. This study shows a potential effect of angiotensin-(1-7) for the prevention of muscle injuries induced by physical exercise. ABSTRACT Eccentric contraction exercises cause damage to the muscle fibres and induce an inflammatory reaction. The protective effect of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] in skeletal muscle has led us to examine the role of this peptide in modifying processes associated with inflammation and fibrogenesis induced by eccentric exercise. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of oral administration of Ang-(1-7) formulated in hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD) in prevention and treatment of muscle damage after downhill running. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (untreated and not exercised; n = 10); treated/exercised HPβ-CD Ang-(1-7) (n = 40); and treated/exercised HPβ-CD (n = 40). Exercised groups were subjected to a single eccentric contraction exercise session on a treadmill inclined to -13° at a constant speed of 20 m/min, for 60 min. Oral administration of HPβ-CD Ang-(1-7) and HPβ-CD was performed 3 h before the exercise protocol and daily as a single dose, until the end of the experiment. Samples were collected 4, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the exercise session. The animals treated with the Ang-(1-7) showed lower levels of creatine kinase, lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-α in soleus muscle and increased levels of interleukin-10 cytokines. The inflammatory cells and deposition of fibrous connective tissue in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were lower in the group treated with Ang-(1-7). The results of this study show that treatment with an oral formulation of Ang-(1-7) enhances the process of repair of muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Lúcia Totou
- Biological Sciences Research Center - Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samara Silva de Moura
- School of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Frederico Barros de Sousa
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Supramolecular Systems (LSPS), Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Federal University of Itajuba (UNIFEI), Itajuba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barbosa Coelho
- School of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson Cruz de Oliveira
- School of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lenice Kappes Becker
- School of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
- Biological Sciences Research Center - Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bontemps B, Vercruyssen F, Gruet M, Louis J. Downhill Running: What Are The Effects and How Can We Adapt? A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2020; 50:2083-2110. [PMID: 33037592 PMCID: PMC7674385 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Downhill running (DR) is a whole-body exercise model that is used to investigate the physiological consequences of eccentric muscle actions and/or exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). In a sporting context, DR sections can be part of running disciplines (off-road and road running) and can accentuate EIMD, leading to a reduction in performance. The purpose of this narrative review is to: (1) better inform on the acute and delayed physiological effects of DR; (2) identify and discuss, using a comprehensive approach, the DR characteristics that affect the physiological responses to DR and their potential interactions; (3) provide the current state of evidence on preventive and in-situ strategies to better adapt to DR. Key findings of this review show that DR may have an impact on exercise performance by altering muscle structure and function due to EIMD. In the majority of studies, EIMD are assessed through isometric maximal voluntary contraction, blood creatine kinase and delayed onset muscle soreness, with DR characteristics (slope, exercise duration, and running speed) acting as the main influencing factors. In previous studies, the median (25th percentile, Q1; 75th percentile, Q3) slope, exercise duration, and running speed were - 12% (- 15%; - 10%), 40 min (30 min; 45 min) and 11.3 km h-1 (9.8 km h-1; 12.9 km h-1), respectively. Regardless of DR characteristics, people the least accustomed to DR generally experienced the most EIMD. There is growing evidence to suggest that preventive strategies that consist of prior exposure to DR are the most effective to better tolerate DR. The effectiveness of in-situ strategies such as lower limb compression garments and specific footwear remains to be confirmed. Our review finally highlights important discrepancies between studies in the assessment of EIMD, DR protocols and populations, which prevent drawing firm conclusions on factors that most influence the response to DR, and adaptive strategies to DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Bontemps
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire IAPS, Toulon, France
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | | | - Mathieu Gruet
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire IAPS, Toulon, France
| | - Julien Louis
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
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Heiss R, Hotfiel T, Kellermann M, May MS, Wuest W, Janka R, Nagel AM, Uder M, Hammon M. Effect of Compression Garments on the Development of Edema and Soreness in Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). J Sports Sci Med 2018; 17:392-401. [PMID: 30116112 PMCID: PMC6090402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), an ultrastructural muscle injury, is one of the most common reasons for impaired muscle performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of sport compression garments on the development of exercise-induced intramuscular edema in the context of DOMS. DOMS was induced in 15 healthy participants. The participants performed a standardized eccentric exercise of the calf muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at baseline and 60h after exercise (T2-weighted signal intensity and T2 relaxation time was evaluated in each compartment and the intramuscular edema in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle was segmented). After the exercise, a conventional compression garment (18-21 mmHg) was placed on one randomized calf for 60h. The level of muscle soreness was evaluated using a visual analogue pain scale. T2-weighted signal intensity, T2 relaxation time and intramuscular edema showed a significant interaction for time with increased signal intensities/intramuscular edema in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle at follow-up compared to baseline. No significant main effect for compression or interaction between time and limb occurred. Further, no significant differences in the soleus muscle and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle were noted between limbs or over time. After exercise, there was significantly increased muscle soreness in both lower legs in resting condition and when going downstairs and a decreased range of motion in the ankle joint. No significant difference was observed between the compressed and the non-compressed calf. Our results indicate that wearing conventional compression garments after DOMS has been induced has no significant effect on the development of muscle edema, muscle soreness, range of motion and calf circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Heiss
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thilo Hotfiel
- Division of Orthopedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marion Kellermann
- Division of Orthopedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias S May
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wuest
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rolf Janka
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammon
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Timon R, Tejero J, Brazo-Sayavera J, Crespo C, Olcina G. Effects of whole-body vibration after eccentric exercise on muscle soreness and muscle strength recovery. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1781-5. [PMID: 27390415 PMCID: PMC4932056 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not a single whole-body
vibration treatment after eccentric exercise can reduce muscle soreness and enhance muscle
recovery. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty untrained participants were randomly assigned to
two groups: a vibration group (n=10) and control group (n=10). Participants performed
eccentric quadriceps training of 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 120% 1RM, with 4 min rest
between sets. After that, the vibration group received 3 sets of 1 min whole body
vibration (12 Hz, 4 mm) with 30 s of passive recovery between sets. Serum creatine kinase,
blood urea nitrogen, muscle soreness (visual analog scale) and muscle strength (peak
isometric torque) were assessed. [Results] Creatine kinase was lower in the vibration
group than in the control group at 24 h (200.2 ± 8.2 vs. 300.5 ± 26.1 U/L) and at 48 h
(175.2 ± 12.5 vs. 285.2 ± 19.7 U/L) post-exercise. Muscle soreness decreased in vibration
group compared to control group at 48 h post-exercise (34.1 ± 11.4 vs. 65.2 ± 13.2 mm).
[Conclusion] Single whole-body vibration treatment after eccentric exercise reduced
delayed onset muscle soreness but it did not affect muscle strength recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Timon
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Spain
| | - Javier Tejero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Spain
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Spain
| | - Carmen Crespo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Spain
| | - Guillermo Olcina
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Spain
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Cho SY, Roh HT. Trekking poles reduce downhill walking-induced muscle and cartilage damage in obese women. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1574-6. [PMID: 27313374 PMCID: PMC4905913 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of the use of trekking poles on muscle and
cartilage damage and fatigue during downhill walking in obese women. [Subjects and
Methods] Subjects included eight obese women who had a body fat percentage greater than
30. Subjects performed downhill walking without a trekking pole (NP) and with a trekking
pole (TP) at 50% heart rate reserve for 30 minutes on a treadmill. The treadmill was set
at a 15% downhill declination. Blood samples were collected to examine muscle damage
(serum creatine kinase [CK] and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] levels), cartilage damage
(serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein [COMP] levels), and fatigue (plasma lactate
levels) at the pre-walking baseline (PWB), immediately after walking (IAW), and 2 hours
post-walking (2HPW). [Results] The CK, LDH, COMP, and lactate levels were significantly
increased IAW when compared with those at the PWB in both trials. In addition, in the NP
trial, the CK, LDH, and COMP levels were significantly increased at 2HPW when compared
with those at the PWB. [Conclusion] Downhill walking can cause muscle and cartilage
damage, and our results suggest that the use of a trekking pole can reduce temporary
muscle and cartilage damage after downhill walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Youn Cho
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Tae Roh
- Department of Physical Education, College of Arts and Physical Education, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
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