1
|
Banadaki FD, Rahimian B, Moraveji F, Varmazyar S. The impact of smartphone use duration and posture on the prevalence of hand pain among college students. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:574. [PMID: 39044247 PMCID: PMC11265474 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive smartphone usage among students can lead to discomfort in their hands and fingers. This study investigates the impact of smartphone holding posture, duration of usage, and the prevalence of wrist and finger pain among university students. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 213 university students who were selected based on inclusion criteria. Data was collected through a demographic information questionnaire. Participants self-reported five different postures for holding and interacting with a smartphone. The prevalence, frequency, severity, and interference of wrist and finger discomfort were assessed using the Cornell Hand Discomfort Questionnaires (CHDQ). RESULTS The study revealed that the average age of participants was 21.3 ± 2.2 years. On average, they had been using smartphones for 7.9 ± 3.1 years and spent an average of 4.9 ± 2.5 h daily holding them in their hands. In terms of discomfort, more than 25% of students reported pain in areas C (thumb finger), E (Palm Pollicis), and F (wrist) of the right hand, which was significantly related to the duration of holding the smartphone in that hand. Additionally, smartphone holding duration significantly affected areas D (palm) and F of the left hand, with over 11% of students experiencing discomfort. The most prevalent posture among students (41% of participants) involved holding the smartphone with the right hand only, with the thumb touching the screen. Notably, areas B (χ2 = 21.7), C (χ2 = 10.27), D (χ2 = 65.54), and E (χ2 = 59.49) of the right hand, as well as areas C (χ2 = 6.58) and E (χ2 = 44.28) of the left hand, exhibited significant associations with the postures of holding the smartphone. CONCLUSIONS The duration of smartphone use and the postures in which it is held contribute to the prevalence of discomfort in the thumb area and related muscles among right-handed students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Dehghan Banadaki
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Benyamin Rahimian
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moraveji
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sakineh Varmazyar
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Student Research Committee, Social Determinants Health Research Center and Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yağci Şentürk A, Ceylan A, Okur E. The effects of smartphone addiction on the body in young adults in Turkey. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38982768 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2024.2376040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The frequency of smartphone usage is increasing day by day in Turkey. This study was planned to reveal the level of smartphone addiction and the factors affecting smartphone addiction in young adults in Turkey. DESIGN In the study, how long the young people had been using the smartphone and their daily usage times were recorded. The Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Body Awareness Scale (BAS), and Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) scales were employed as data collection tools. RESULTS The study was conducted with 1000 participants aged 18-45, and 807 were female. 85.6% of the participants have been using smartphones for at least 3 years and 77.3% of all participants use smartphones for more than 4 hours a day. According to the SAS scale, 34.8% of the participants had smartphone addiction. Smartphone addiction is higher especially in those who have a sedentary life or individuals with neck disabilities (p = 0.005; p < 0.001 respectively). No significant difference was found between body awareness and smartphone addiction (p = 0.380). However, body awareness scores were higher in the group without smartphone addiction. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the SAS, BAS, NDI, and SBQ scores in the participants classified by smartphone usage time. CONCLUSION Female gender, daily usage of a smartphone for more than 4 hours a day, having a smartphone for at least 3 years, presence of sedentary behavior, and neck disability were the factors affecting smartphone addiction in young people. No relationship was found between body awareness and smartphone addiction. Further studies on the awareness of the effects of intensive smartphone usage on the body should be conducted among young people in Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Yağci Şentürk
- Trabzon University, Tonya Vocational School of Higher Education, Department of Health Care Services, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ali Ceylan
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Vocational School of Health Services / Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Elif Okur
- Trabzon University, Tonya Vocational School of Higher Education, Department of Health Care Services, Trabzon, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Balint NT, Antohe BA, Uysal HS, Cristuță AM, Rață M. Relationship between Spinal Range of Motion and Functional Tests in University Students: The Role of Demographic Factors. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1029. [PMID: 38786439 PMCID: PMC11121651 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal disorders are some of the most prevalent health concerns, especially among students. Based on student demographics, this cross-sectional study evaluated the correlation between functional tests (FTs) and spinal range of motion (ROM). This study included 206 students (age = 19.85 ± 1.80 years) from the Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacău. Participants' assessments were conducted using the following tests: (i) Ott, (ii) Schober, (iii) Stibor, (iv) finger-to-floor distance, (v) lateral flexion of the cervical and lumbar spine, and (vi) flexion of the cervical spine. Correlation analyses were evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. The results indicated a very strong relationship between lateral flexion of the lumbar spine on the left (LFLSL) and right (LFLSR) for all departments (r = 0.85 to 0.97, p < 0.05). There was a stronger relationship between FT results and spinal ROM for physical-education-department students compared to students from other departments (n = 17, r = -0.38 to 0.93, p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between FTs and spinal ROM based on age (p > 0.05). The study results provide evidence of the primary risk factors that predispose students to postural deviations. Practitioners and physiotherapists can utilize these values as a reference for potential therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nela Tatiana Balint
- Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Science, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania; (N.T.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Bogdan Alexandru Antohe
- Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Science, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania; (N.T.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Huseyin Sahin Uysal
- Faculty of Sport Science, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15500 Burdur, Turkey;
| | - Alina Mihaela Cristuță
- Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Science, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania; (N.T.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Marinela Rață
- Faculty of Movement, Sports and Health Science, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 600115 Bacău, Romania; (N.T.B.); (M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Uusitalo T, Nyberg L, Laukkanen AM, Waaramaa T, Rantala L. Has the Prevalence of Creaky Voice Increased Among Finnish University Students From the 1990'S to the 2010'S? J Voice 2024; 38:697-702. [PMID: 34991936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Everyday observations indicate that creaky voice has become common in Finland in recent years. Previous studies suggest that this trend is also occurring in other countries. This cross-sectional study investigates the use of creaky voice among Finnish university students from the 1990's to the 2010's. Material was obtained from a sound archive. It consisted of 200 samples from normophonic speakers (95 males, 105 females; mean age 23.7 years, SD 3.3 years, range 19-35 years). Normophonia was checked by two speech therapists in a preliminary perceptual analysis. Thereafter, two voice specialists rated the amount of creak and strain. A scale of 0-4 was used (0 = none, 4 = a lot). The inter- and intrarater reliability for the listening evaluations were satisfactory (for creaky phonation, rho = 0.611, P < 0.001 for interrater reliability and rho = 0.540, P < 0.001 for intrarater reliability; for strain, rho = 0.463, P < 0.001 and rho = 0.697, P < 0.001 for inter- and intrarater reliability, respectively). These results revealed a significant increase in the amount of perceived creak in females (from 1.04, SD 0.69 to 1.55, SD 1.06; P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). In males, no significant change was found. However, the frequency of creaky voice use increased in both genders. No male speakers from the 1990's were rated as using "a lot" of creaky voice, but 2.3% of male speakers from the 2010's received this rating. Male speakers who were rated "quite a lot" increased from 5.9% in the 1990's to 18.1% in the 2010's. Female speakers rated "a lot" increased from 0% to 6%, and female speakers rated "quite a lot" increased from 7% to 25.8% over the studied time periods. Creaky phonation and strain correlated slightly in males (rho = 0.24, P < 0.05) and moderately in females (rho = 0.55, P < 0.001). Age did not correlate with the amount of creaky phonation (rho = 0.005, P > 0.10 for males, rho = -0.011, P > 0.10 for females). It can be concluded that the prevalence of creaky voice has increased among young Finnish speakers, particularly females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Uusitalo
- Speech and Voice Research Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Laura Nyberg
- Speech and Voice Research Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne-Maria Laukkanen
- Speech and Voice Research Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teija Waaramaa
- Speech and Voice Research Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Communication studies, School of marketing and communication, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Leena Rantala
- Speech and Voice Research Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yaşarer Ö, Mete E, Kaygusuz Benli R, Kılıç BB, Doğan H, Sarı Z. Association between smartphone addiction and myofascial trigger points. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:254. [PMID: 38561699 PMCID: PMC10985983 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between smartphone addiction and miyafascial trigger points in university students. METHODS A cross-sectional study of university students was conducted for the purpose of this study. The participants were assessed based on age, gender, dominant side, the amount of time they spent on their smartphones, the purpose of their use, and their posture. The Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Form (SAS-SF) was used to determine addictes and non-addicts. The cut-off value of SAS-SF is 31 and above for male and 33 and above for female. RESULTS There were 136 participants in the study. The posture score for addicts and non-addicts ones was not significantly different (p > 0,05), but the number of trigger points, maximal bending posture and trigger points in the right levator scapula and right cervical erector muscles were significantly higher in the smartphone addict participants (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONS Smartphone addiction in university students is associated with postural changes and trigger points in the bilateral levator scapula and right cervical erector muscles. Public health programs should be developed to raise awareness about smartphone addiction, encourage screen breaks, and emphasize physical activity and exercise regularly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özden Yaşarer
- Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Vocational School, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Emel Mete
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Kaygusuz Benli
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berivan Beril Kılıç
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halis Doğan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zübeyir Sarı
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Y, Kim M. Effect of taping on posture of thoracic region in patients with thoracic kyphosis using acceleration. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2024; 37:269-276. [PMID: 38073370 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-230027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the working environment of modern society, a poor sitting posture for a prolonged time may lead to abnormal spinal alignment such as thoracic kyphosis (TK). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of taping for posture correction of patients with TK, providing theoretical and empirical guidance for clinicians attempting to rectify TK posture. METHODS The study included 15 subjects aged 30-60 years, all with a TK angle of ⩾ 40∘. Subjects were required to ascend and descend a set of three steps (a low step, high step, and second low step) under three different conditions: without tape assistance, with taping assistance using 20% elongation, and with taping assistance using 40% elongation. A triaxial accelerometer was employed to measure and compare the anterior-posterior (AP), vertical (VT), and medial-lateral (MIL) movements of the thoracic vertebrae in the different conditions. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the MIL (P= 0.903) or AP (P= 0.114) movements between the no tape assistance and 20% elongation taping conditions. However, a significant difference was found in the VT movement (P= 0.017). Comparing the no assistance condition to the 40% elongation taping condition, no significant changes were noted in the MIL movement (P= 0.650), but significant differences were detected in both the VT (P= 0.003) and AP movements (P= 0.016). No significant differences were found in any of the three measurements between 20% and 40% elongation taping. CONCLUSION Taping serves as an effective method for immediately improving kyphotic posture. It corrects the position of the scapula and cervicothoracic line and exerts passive retraction on the relevant muscles, thus mitigating trunk imbalance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Liu
- Engineering Department, College of Rehabilitation Science, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Minhee Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shah IK, Kumar A, Rajasekar S, Pathak AA, Suvarna N, Gopal K, Muthukrishnan R. Association between Smartphone Addiction and Breathing Pattern in Sedentary Young College-Going Students - A Cross-Sectional Study. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1637-1641. [PMID: 38044767 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_235_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of smartphone users has progressively increased worldwide. Altered biomechanics of the cervicothoracic spine and ribcage could limit the chest wall function that affects the respiratory muscles strength, reducing diaphragm function in smartphone users. This study aimed to compare breathing patterns between smartphone-addicted and -nonaddicted user groups. OBJECTIVE To find the association between excessive smartphone use and breathing pattern in sedentary young college-going students. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study includes 230 participants. The participants were screened for the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were asked to fill out a Smartphone Addiction Scale questionnaire. These breathing patterns were then assessed by self-evaluation of breathing questionnaire (SEBQ), manual assessment of respiratory motion (MARM), breath-holding test, and capnography. RESULTS The correlation of smartphone-addicted and -nonaddicted groups with breathing patterns was performed by Spearman rank correlation. Results show no significant association between the smartphone-nonaddicted and -addicted users. CONCLUSION This study concluded that excessive smartphone use and breathing patterns are not associated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I K Shah
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Srinivas University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A Kumar
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Srinivas University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Rajasekar
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Srinivas University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A A Pathak
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Srinivas University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - N Suvarna
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Srinivas University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Gopal
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - R Muthukrishnan
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsang SMH, Cheing GLY, Chan JWK. Severity of slouched posture during smartphone use is associated with the musculoskeletal discomfort, daily usage, and school year among adolescents. ERGONOMICS 2023; 66:1340-1353. [PMID: 36352815 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2146208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Real-time measurement of the craniovertebral, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis angles during natural and smartphone usage postures in sitting were analysed in a cohort of 560 adolescents using independent t-tests and Spearman's correlations between their reported musculoskeletal symptoms, daily device use and school year. Students with musculoskeletal symptoms (mean difference: 4.1-9.4°, p < .001) and in secondary schools (mean difference: 13.6-29.4°, p < .001) had a greater forward-head posture quantified by craniovertebral angle in both postures. Loss of lumbar lordosis was found in students spending ≥2 h/day on electronic devices (mean difference: 3.2°, p = .029) and those with musculoskeletal symptoms (mean difference: 5.4°, p = .001). Secondary school students exhibited a greater thoracic kyphosis when using smartphones (mean difference: 3.3°, p = .003). Findings suggest the urgent need for early and proactive intervention targeted to minimise the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders related to intense device use for young adolescents.Practitioner Summary: Adolescents: (1) in higher school year had increased forward-head posture (FHP) and thoracic kyphosis; (2) with musculoskeletal symptoms had increased FHP and loss of lumbar lordosis, and; (3) with extended device use had a loss of lumbar lordosis. Early intervention targeting young adolescents promoting optimal posture and habit of device use is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M H Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gladys L Y Cheing
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jess W K Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salsali M, Sheikhhoseini R, Sayyadi P, Hides JA, Dadfar M, Piri H. Association between physical activity and body posture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1670. [PMID: 37649076 PMCID: PMC10470156 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the possible associations between posture and physical activity (PA). DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES The search was conducted in seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SportDiscus, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) for studies published from inception to January 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies were required to meet following criteria: (1) study design: cross-sectional, case control and cohort studies. (2) Participants: people of all ages without any diagnosed diseases. (3) Exposure and outcome: studies that examined the possible effect or correlations between PA, physical inactivity, physical exertion and human body posture. RESULTS Sixteen cross-sectional studies, two cohort studies and one case control study involving a total of 16772 participants aged from 6 to 79 years were included. Correlational studies showed that there was a significant relationship between PA and posture (C = 0.100, CI 95% = 0.012-0.186). However, regression studies demonstrated that there was not a significant association between PA and posture (C = 1.00, CI 95% = 0.998-1.002). Three studies investigated the association between PA and the lumbar lordosis and showed that there was not a significant association between the lordosis and PA (CI 95%: -0.253-0.048, P = 0.180). In addition, four studies showed that there were not any associations between scoliosis and PA (CI 95%: 0.819, 1.123, P = 0.607). The evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias was found among all analyzed data (P < 0.05). Also, meta regression was used for age and BMI and the results were not significant. CONCLUSION Although a weak correlation was shown to exist between PA and human posture, the odds ratio indicated that there was not a significant association between PA and human posture. The lack of a significant relationship may indicate that multiple biopsychosocial factors may be involved in human posture. In summary, our study highlights the need for caution when interpreting the results of meta-analyses, particularly when there is significant heterogeneity and publication bias in the included studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salsali
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahman Sheikhhoseini
- Department of Corrective Exercise & Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Western Azadi Sport Complex Boulevard, Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sayyadi
- Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Julie A. Hides
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mahdis Dadfar
- Department of Human Health and Performance, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Hashem Piri
- Department of Corrective Exercise & Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Western Azadi Sport Complex Boulevard, Hakim Highway, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Titcomb DA, Melton BF, Miyashita T, Bland HW. The Effects of Postural Education or Corrective Exercise on the Craniovertebral Angle in Young Adults with Forward Head Posture: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2023; 16:954-973. [PMID: 37649869 PMCID: PMC10464763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three different intervention strategies, postural education (PE) and two corrective exercise programs (CEPs), on the craniovertebral angle (CVA) in young adults with forward head posture (FHP). A prospective four-arm parallel randomized controlled trial with repeated measures was performed. Seventy-nine healthy young adults (55 women, 24 men; mean age: 20.08 ± 2.19 years) with FHP were randomized into four groups: PE group, self-myofascial release + stretching group (SMRS), self-myofascial release + stretching + strengthening group (SMRSS), and a control group (CG). Participant CVA (°) was assessed before and after a 4-week intervention. Seventy-two participants completed the trial. Mean difference comparisons of within-group change in mean CVA revealed an increase in the PE (MD = 3.1, p < .01), SMRS (MD = 3.8, p < .01), and SMRSS (MD = 4.4, p < .01) groups. Mean difference comparison of between-group change in mean CVA supported greater CVA change in the SMRS and SMRSS groups compared to the CG (F(3, 68) = 5.26, p < .01, η2 = .188). All three interventions appear to be effective techniques for improving FHP in young adults, however CEPs may provide superior outcomes than PE alone. A 4-week CEP consisting of self-myofascial release + stretching may yield similar CVA enhancements as a CEP consisting of self-myofascial release + stretching + strengthening. Study findings can assist fitness professionals in designing evidence-based FHP intervention programs for young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Titcomb
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, Concordia University-Chicago, River Forest, IL, USA
| | - Bridget F Melton
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Theresa Miyashita
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, Concordia University-Chicago, River Forest, IL, USA
| | - Helen W Bland
- Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Avaghade RR, Shinde SB, Dhane SB. Effectiveness of McKenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome: An experimental study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:225. [PMID: 37727425 PMCID: PMC10506789 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_239_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study "Effectiveness of Mckenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome: an experimental study" was conducted to study and find the effectiveness of Mckenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on reduction of pain, correction of rounded shoulder, and disability. Pain, disability, and rounded shoulders are the major limiting factors as it affects the quality of life and reduces efficiency and social participation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted among 120 individuals with cervical postural syndrome, and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria was included. The outcome measures were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Vernier caliper to evaluate pain, functional disability, and rounded shoulder, respectively. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, by using SPSS software. Interventional training was given for 6 weeks to the patients. Group A subjects were given spinal stabilization exercises. Group B subjects were given Mckenzie approach. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS; pre-test and post-test were used to calculate the results, followed by data presentation and analysis. RESULT The result showed that at the end of the 6 weeks on comparison between pre- and post-intervention of Group A and Group B, both the techniques were effective, but group B was significantly effective than Group A. CONCLUSION It was noted that McKenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises were effective on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome, but on comparing both techniques, Mckenzie protocol is more beneficial than segmental spinal stabilization exercises. The study accepts the alternate hypothesis that there is significant effect of McKenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja R. Avaghade
- Department of Physiotherapy, Krishna Institute of Medical Science, Deemed to be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandeep B. Shinde
- Department of Musculoskeletal Sciences Physiotherapy, Krishna Institute of Medical Science, Deemed to be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayalee B. Dhane
- Department of Musculoskeletal Sciences Physiotherapy, Krishna Institute of Medical Science, Deemed to be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee IS, Kim SY. Effectiveness of manual therapy and cervical spine stretching exercises on pain and disability in myofascial temporomandibular disorders accompanied by headaches: a single-center cohort study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:39. [PMID: 36959659 PMCID: PMC10035158 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between headaches and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Moreover, recent studies have shown functional, anatomical, and neurological associations between the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and upper cervical spine. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of manual therapy and cervical spine stretching exercises for pain and disability in patients with myofascial TMDs accompanied by headaches. METHODS Thirty-four patients recruited from Gyeryong Hospital with headaches and diagnosed with TMDs were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 17) and control (n = 17) groups. Headache impact was assessed using the Korean Headache Impact Test-6. Masseter myofascial pain was measured using the visual analog scale, and TMJ pressure pain threshold levels were evaluated using an algometer. Neck pain intensity was assessed using the numerical rating scale. Once per week for 10 weeks, the experimental group received cervical spine-focused manual therapy and stretching exercises alongside conservative physical therapy, and the control group received conservative physical therapy alone. Patients were evaluated at baseline and 5 and 10 weeks post-intervention. RESULTS After the intervention, the experimental group exhibited significant reductions in the cervical kyphotic angle, Korean Headache Impact Assessment score, neck pain intensity, TMJ pain pressure threshold, Neck Disability Index score, and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale level compared with the control group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Manual therapy and stretching exercises could help resolve TMDs accompanied by headaches through biomechanical changes in the cervical spine. These findings may guide protocols and clinical trials involving manual therapy that align morphological structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Su Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhn-Yeop Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Medical Science, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The impact of posture correction bands on the respiratory function of healthy adults in their twenties: The difference between men and women. Prosthet Orthot Int 2023; 47:117-121. [PMID: 36791383 DOI: 10.1097/pxr.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, interest in posture correction has increased in Korea owing to increased smartphone usage. However, there have been no studies to evaluate the impact of wearing a posture correction band with an abdominal band on breathing and respiratory function. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 32 healthy adults, consisting of 16 men (mean age: 23.19 ± 2.88) and 16 women (mean age: 19.69 ± 1.49) participated in this study. Pulmonary function tests were conducted before and after wearing posture correction bands. RESULTS In all the participants, forced vital capacity decreased significantly (P < .05) after wearing a posture correction band. The forced expiratory volume in 1 second and maximal inspiratory pressure decreased slightly (P > .05). The maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and peak cough flow (PCF) increased slightly (P > .05). When respiratory functions were monitored separately in men and women after wearing a posture correction band, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second were significantly reduced in men (P < .05). In women, MEP and PCF increased significantly (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we confirmed that the posture correction band had an effect on respiratory function. Lung capacity was statistically significantly reduced but was not clinically significant. In addition, in the case of women, it was confirmed that the abdominal band improved the MEP and PCF.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lin B, Teo EW, Yan T. The Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Chinese University Students' Physical Activity: Exploring the Role of Motivation and Self-Efficacy. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2273-2290. [PMID: 36039111 PMCID: PMC9419891 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s375395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies showed that smartphone addiction (SA) can lead to reduced physical activity (PA), but only a few studies have explored the impact of SA from psychological perspective closely related to PA. This study aimed to examine the extrinsic and partial psychological factors leading to decrease in PA using structural equation modelling analysis. Methods We conducted an online survey on 628 males and 1159 female students from 10 universities in Henan Province, China, through a questionnaire survey application “Questionnaire Star”. This study used three models to test the mediating effects of three types of motives (intrinsic motives, body-related motives, and social motives) and self-efficacy, respectively, in the relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activities. Results Our result confirmed that smartphone addiction leads to lower physical activities. Secondly, self-efficacy mediates smartphone addiction and physical activities, but the mediating effect of all three types of motivation is not significant. Thirdly, smartphone addiction did not affect intrinsic motivation and body-related motivation, but positively affects social motivation. Finally, as the motivation type changes from internal to external, the mediating effect of self-efficacy becomes stronger. Conclusion This study showed that smartphone addiction lead to increase social motivation and decreased self-efficacy, and is a potential barrier to personal participation in physical activities. Our findings provide a new perspective for future design physical activities interventions in China and worldwide especially among university students where smartphone addiction is a problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Physical Education, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Eng Wah Teo
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tingting Yan
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Physical Education, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
5G Electromagnetic Radiation Attenuates Skin Melanogenesis In Vitro by Suppressing ROS Generation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081449. [PMID: 35892650 PMCID: PMC9331092 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the impacts of 5G electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with 28 GHz on human health have been attracting public attention with the advent of 5G wireless communication. Here, we report that 5G (28 GHz) EMR can attenuate the skin pigmentation in murine melanoma cells (B16F10) and a 3D pigmented human epidermis model (Melanoderm™). B16 cells were exposed to 5G (28 GHz) with or without α-MSH for 4 h per day. Interestingly, 5G attenuated α-MSH-induced melanin synthesis. Fontana-Masson staining confirmed that the dendritic formation of α-MSH stimulated B16 cells was diminished by 5G exposure. To confirm the anti-melanogenic effect of 5G EMR, MelanoDerm™ was irradiated with 5G at a power intensity of 10 W/m2 for 4 h a day for 16 days and melanin distribution was detected with Fontana-Masson staining, which supported the anti-melanogenic effect of 5G EMR. Consistently, 5G EMR suppressed α-MSH induced upregulation of melanogenic enzymes; tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2. Of note, 5G EMR attenuated ROS production stimulated by α-MSH and H2O2, suggesting that 5G EMR may dissipate ROS generation, which is pivotal for the melanin synthesis. Collectively, we demonstrated that 5G EMR can attenuate skin pigmentation by attenuating ROS generation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bourahmoune K, Ishac K, Amagasa T. Intelligent Posture Training: Machine-Learning-Powered Human Sitting Posture Recognition Based on a Pressure-Sensing IoT Cushion. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22145337. [PMID: 35891018 PMCID: PMC9320787 DOI: 10.3390/s22145337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a solution for intelligent posture training based on accurate, real-time sitting posture monitoring using the LifeChair IoT cushion and supervised machine learning from pressure sensing and user body data. We demonstrate our system's performance in sitting posture and seated stretch recognition tasks with over 98.82% accuracy in recognizing 15 different sitting postures and 97.94% in recognizing six seated stretches. We also show that user BMI divergence significantly affects posture recognition accuracy using machine learning. We validate our method's performance in five different real-world workplace environments and discuss training strategies for the machine learning models. Finally, we propose the first smart posture data-driven stretch recommendation system in alignment with physiotherapy standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Bourahmoune
- Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Karlos Ishac
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Toshiyuki Amagasa
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lam WK, Liu RT, Chen B, Huang XZ, Yi J, Wong DWC. Health Risks and Musculoskeletal Problems of Elite Mobile Esports Players: a Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:65. [PMID: 35553264 PMCID: PMC9106768 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile-gaming athletes sit in the same posture for prolonged periods, contributing to significant health risks. This study investigated the health profiles, fatigue, pain and complaints, and musculoskeletal problems of full-time mobile-gaming athletes. METHODS A total of 50 elite mobile-gaming athletes were involved in this study. They were the starting lineup players from all ten professional teams competing in a top-tier multiplayer online battle arena tournament. A survey was conducted to evaluate their fatigue patterns, pain levels, and complaints. A descriptive analysis was conducted to evaluate the athletes' health profiles [body mass index (BMI), fat ratio], fatigue, number of complaints, and musculoskeletal problems. The associations of career duration with BMI, fat ratio, and the total number of confirmed injuries were then determined using Spearman's rank correlation test. RESULTS A total of 46% and 44% of the participants felt tired frequently and occasionally, while 34% and 58% experienced eyestrain frequently and occasionally, respectively. More than 30% of the participants reported headache and rhinitis. A longer esports career duration was associated with a reduction in BMI (r = -0.272, p = 0.056). Career duration had no significant association with smoking habits (p = 0.666), alcohol habits (p = 0.655), coffee habits (p = 0.946), rounds of games for which the player could maintain concentration (p = 0.253), ease of eyestrain (p = 0.569), tiredness (p = 0.510), dizziness (p = 0.071), or leg numbness (p = 0.318). CONCLUSION The findings of this study stress the significance of esports injuries and indicate preventive measures for both athletes and recreational players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kai Lam
- Sports Information and External Affairs Centre, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Rui-Tan Liu
- Dr. Chen Sport Training and Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Bob Chen
- Dr. Chen Sport Training and Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Xin-Zhou Huang
- Dr. Chen Sport Training and Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Jie Yi
- Dr. Chen Sport Training and Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Duo Wai-Chi Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lam WK, Chen B, Liu RT, Cheung JCW, Wong DWC. Spine Posture, Mobility, and Stability of Top Mobile Esports Athletes: A Case Series. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050737. [PMID: 35625465 PMCID: PMC9138953 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Professional esports athletes spend a long time in the same sitting posture during training and competition. Mobile esports may exacerbate potential postural problems because of the closer and unsupported arms and because athletes spend more time in a forward-/flexed-head posture. Prolonged sitting in these postures carries significant health risks and may lead to musculoskeletal problems and injuries. The objective of this retrospective study is to assess the posture, mobility, and stability of the spine for professional mobile esports athletes. We collected spine-assessment data from 48 athletes participating in a top-tier league on a real-time-strategy battle-arena online game. The spinal assessment was conducted using the SpinalMouse® under upright standing and trunk flexion in addition to the Matthiass test. Measurements were converted into Idiag Scores by the SpinalMouse® software. The Idiag Posture, Idiag Mobility, and Idiag Stability scores were 62.50 (IQR: 21), 63.50 (IQR: 19.5), and 54.50 (IQR: 14.5), respectively, and were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the reference normative value (100). Age was found to have a weak positive correlation with the posture score (ρ = 0.29, p = 0.048). Although career duration appeared to lower the scores, the association was insignificant (p > 0.05). The scores also had no significant association with body height, body mass, body mass index, and esports team (p > 0.05). It was anticipated that mobile-based esports would attenuate the biomechanics of the spine and increase the likelihood of musculoskeletal problems, such as neck and back pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kai Lam
- Sports Information and External Affairs Centre, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Bob Chen
- Dr Chen Sport Training and Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 101111, China;
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (D.W.-C.W.); Tel.: +86-137-0106-6063 (B.C.); +852-2766-7669 (D.W.-C.W.)
| | - Rui-Tan Liu
- Dr Chen Sport Training and Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 101111, China;
| | - James Chung-Wai Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Duo Wai-Chi Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (D.W.-C.W.); Tel.: +86-137-0106-6063 (B.C.); +852-2766-7669 (D.W.-C.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Intolo P, Sitthikornpaiboon R, Chararivivot V. Pain and electromyography reduction cause of sitting upright posture, frequent break, eye rest and self-stretching during smartphone usage. Work 2022; 71:729-738. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-210825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prolonged use of the smartphone causes neck and shoulder pain. However, no study has yet evaluated the effects of sitting upright, combined with frequent breaks, eye rest and self-stretching on pain and EMG during smartphone use. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to compare pain and muscle activity between the control group (rest only) and the intervention group (rest combined with correct posture, eye rest and self-stretching) in smartphone use for 41.30 minutes. METHOD: Forty-four healthy females aged 18–25 years old were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. The body pain chart and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were used to evaluate pain. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activity of Cervical Erector Spinae (CES) and Upper Trapezius (UT) muscles. RESULTS: The results showed that overall pain and neck pain in the control group increased significantly after smartphone use for 20 min and continually increased to 41.30 minutes (p < 0.05). Overall pain and neck pain in the intervention group was significantly lesser than control group after smartphone use for 41.30 minutes (p < 0.05). In the control group, EMG of CES at 41.30 minute was significantly higher than that of at 0 min (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in EMG of UT between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Conclusion smartphone user in the interventional group reported less pain when compared to control group after Smartphone use for 41.30 minutes. Therefore, the user aged 18–25 years should have a rest combined with correct posture, eye rest and self-stretching to prevent neck pain during prolonged smartphone use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pattariya Intolo
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | | | - Vararat Chararivivot
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dareh-Deh HR, Hadadnezhad M, Letafatkar A, Peolsson A. Therapeutic routine with respiratory exercises improves posture, muscle activity, and respiratory pattern of patients with neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4149. [PMID: 35264713 PMCID: PMC8907211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08128-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neck pain and forward head posture (FHP) are typical in prolonged smartphone users and need to be targeted for treatment. We aimed to compare the effect of a routine therapeutic program with and without respiratory exercises on smartphone users with FHP and non-specific chronic neck pain (NSCNP). Sixty patients (aged 24.7 ± 2.1 years) with FHP and NSCNP were randomly assigned to the routine therapeutic program (n = 20), combined respiratory exercises with a routine therapeutic program (n = 20), or control (n = 20) groups. At baseline, there was no difference among groups at all variables. Each programme was implemented three times a week for eight weeks. Primary Outcome was pain measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), and secondary ones were forward head angle, the activity of specific muscles, and respiratory patterns, measured by photogrammetry, electromyography and manual, respectively. All outcomes were measured at baseline and eight weeks post-treatment. We used the repeated measures analysis of variance to examine the interaction between time and group, paired t-test for intragroup comparison, one-way analysis of variance for intergroup comparison, and Tukey post hoc test at a significant level 95% was used. There were significant differences in the combined group compared with the routine therapeutic group (P = 0.03) for diaphragm muscle activation, respiratory balance (P = 0.01), and the number of breaths (P = 0.02). There were significant within-group changes from baseline to post-treatment in the combined group for all outcomes above, but no changes in the therapeutic exercise routine group. Despite respiratory pattern, none of the secondary outcomes proved to be superior in the combination group compared to the routine therapeutic program in smartphone users with FHP and NSCNP. Future studies with longer follow-up assessments could strengthen these results.Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials using the IRCT website with ID number of, IRCT20200212046469N1 "Prospectively registered" at 04/03/2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Malihe Hadadnezhad
- Sports Injury and Corrective Exercises, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Letafatkar
- Sports Injury and Corrective Exercises, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anneli Peolsson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Lasarettsgatan, house 511, 14th floor, Campus US, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Impacts of Smartphone Radiation on Pregnancy: A Systematic Review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08915. [PMID: 35155842 PMCID: PMC8823972 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all aspects of people's lives, with many tasks and services now being delivered online in the aim of reducing contact and preventing further transmission of the disease. This has resulted in the increase in the use of portable electronic devices (i.e., mobile phones, smartphones, laptops), which emit different frequencies of electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation. However, the evidence on the harmful impacts of EMF radiation exposure on the human body, particularly on the abdomen of the female body during pregnancy, is scarce. Further, the related studies in the literature have yet to be systematically reviewed. If unmanaged, the absorption of EMF radiation by the maternal abdomen during pregnancy is associated with serious birth and infant outcomes. Purpose This study aimed to systematically review the published studies on the direct effects of EMF radiation emitted from mobile phones on pregnancy, birth, and infant outcomes. Methods After a systematic search using the PRISMA guidelines, a total of 18 articles were retrieved from 5 databases. Studies which addressed the negative outcomes of EMF radiation exposure on mothers, adults, and children's health were included. The research articles were then sorted based on whether their findings were related to the impacts of EMF on physiological or pregnancy outcomes. Results The findings of this review showed that EMF radiation exposure is associated with hormonal, thermal, and cardiovascular changes among adults. However, the reviewed studies did not consider the impacts of EMF radiation exposure on pregnancy outcomes specifically, which makes it difficult to draw conclusions from this review. Only four of the reviewed studies were conducted among pregnant women. These studies reported that EMF radiation exposure during pregnancy is associated with miscarriages and fluctuations in the fetal temperature and heart rate variability, as well as infant anthropometric measures. Conclusions More research should be conducted to identify the specific impacts of EMF radiation exposure on pregnancy, birth, and infant outcomes. Healthcare providers and researchers are recommended to collaborate to improve public health through public education and updated organizational policies to limit these environmental risks by encouraging the use of safe technologies.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abdel-Aziem AA, Abdel-Ghafar MAF, Ali OI, Abdelraouf OR. Effects of smartphone screen viewing duration and body position on head and neck posture in elementary school children. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 35:185-193. [PMID: 34092602 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic media have become integral parts of modern life, in which prolonged screen viewing time (SVT) by children is nearly unavoidable. Prolonged use of smartphones could lead to musculoskeletal problems. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of SVT on head and neck posture during and after using smartphones for various periods of time in either standing or sitting postures. METHODS This observational study included 34 male children aged 5-12 years who were assigned to one of two groups based on average smartphone use duration per day: group A comprised 18 children averaging > 4 hours per day (h/day) of smartphone use, and group B comprised 16 children with < 4 h/day of smartphone use. The children's postures were photographed in standing and sitting positions while using a smartphone and 30 min after ceasing smartphone use. The head flexion, neck flexion, gaze, and craniocervical angles were measured using the software program Kinovea. RESULTS Significant increases were found in head flexion, neck flexion, and gaze angles. Furthermore, both groups saw a significant decrease in craniocervical angle when sitting compared to when standing, both during and 30 min after smartphone use. The head flexion, neck flexion, and gaze angles of group A were significantly higher than those of group B, and the craniocervical angle of group A was significantly lower than that of group B in both postures (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION SVT is associated with increased neck and head flexion posture in children, especially in a sitting position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Almaz Abdel-Aziem
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Olfat Ibrahim Ali
- Department of Basic Science for Physical Therapy, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Saraf P, Rao S, Adarkar S, Inamdar G, Mhatre P, Gupta V, Ambike A, Dedhia K, Raul S. Knowledge and attitudes of parents, teachers, and doctors regarding screen overuse and its addiction in children, adolescents, and young adults: A survey focusing towards possible solutions. ANNALS OF INDIAN PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
|
24
|
Relationship among chest expansion and scapular index in smartphone users. TURKISH JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.31459/turkjkin.1014693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
25
|
Keller J, Roitzheim C, Radtke T, Schenkel K, Schwarzer R. A Mobile Intervention for Self-Efficacious and Goal-Directed Smartphone Use in the General Population: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e26397. [PMID: 34817388 PMCID: PMC8663477 DOI: 10.2196/26397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People spend large parts of their everyday life using their smartphones. Despite various advantages of the smartphone for daily life, problematic forms of smartphone use exist that are related to negative psychological and physiological consequences. To reduce problematic smartphone use, existing interventions are oftentimes app-based and include components that help users to monitor and restrict their smartphone use by setting timers and blockers. These kinds of digital detox interventions, however, fail to exploit psychological resources, such as through promoting self-efficacious and goal-directed smartphone use. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the theory-based smartphone app “Not Less But Better” that was developed to make people aware of psychological processes while using the smartphone and to support them in using their smartphone in accordance with their goals and values. Methods In a randomized controlled trial, effects of a 20-day intervention app consisting of five 4-day training modules to foster a goal-directed smartphone use were evaluated. In the active control condition (treatment as usual), participants received a digital detox treatment and planned daily time-outs of at least 1 hour per day. Up to a 3-week follow-up, self-reported problematic smartphone use, objectively measured daily smartphone unlocks, time of smartphone use, self-efficacy, and planning towards goal-directed smartphone use were assessed repeatedly. Linear 2-level models tested intervention effects. Mediation models served to analyze self-efficacy and planning as potential mechanisms of the intervention. Results Out of 232 enrolled participants, 110 (47.4%; 55 participants in each condition) provided data at postintervention and 88 (37.9%; 44 participants in each condition) at 3-week follow-up. Both conditions manifested substantial reductions in problematic smartphone use and in the amount of time spent with the smartphone. The number of daily unlocks did not change over time. Further, modelling changes in self-efficacy as a mediator between the intervention and problematic smartphone use at follow-up fit well to the data and showed an indirect effect (b=–0.09; 95% bias-corrected bootstrap CI –0.26 to –0.01), indicating that self-efficacy was an important intervention mechanism. Another mediation model revealed an indirect effect from changes in planning via smartphone unlocks at postintervention on problematic smartphone use at follow-up (b=–0.029, 95% bias-corrected bootstrap CI –0.078 to –0.003). Conclusions An innovative, theory-based intervention app on goal-directed smartphone use has been found useful in lowering problematic smartphone use and time spent with the smartphone. However, observed reductions in both outcomes were not superior to the active control condition (ie, digital detox treatment). Nonetheless, the present findings highlight the importance in promoting self-efficacy and planning goal-directed smartphone use to achieve improvements in problematic smartphone use. This scalable intervention app appears suitable for practical use and as an alternative to common digital detox apps. Future studies should address issues of high attrition by adding just-in-time procedures matched to smartphone users’ needs. Trial Registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00017606; https://tinyurl.com/27c9kmwy
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Keller
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Theda Radtke
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Schwarzer
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Study of the Association between Postural Misalignments in School Students. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, postural misalignments prevalence in students is increasingly evident and its early detection is the best way to prevent complications in adulthood. It is also known that postural problems appear to have association between them. The aim of this study was to characterize and study the association between spine, scapular and pelvic girdles postural misalignments in 213 school students (124 males and 89 females), aged between 10 and 20 years, from Escola Básica e Secundária de Santa Maria (EBSSM). To understand the relation between postural misalignments we compare the head positioning with the shoulder girdle, the shoulder girdle with the dorsal spine and the lumbar spine with the pelvic girdle. The postural assessment was made by visual scan analysis in a symmetrograph based on photogrammetry and the Adams. We found high percentages of postural misalignments in all subjects. High prevalence was observed in the posterior view of the frontal plane in the head lateral flexion, shoulders vertical asymmetry, scoliosis and in the presence of gibbosity, whereas, in the right view of the sagittal plane forward head posture and protracted shoulders were observed. The lumbar scoliosis was more prevalent in subjects with iliac crest’s asymmetry (p < 0.001) and forward head posture was significantly related to the subjects with protracted shoulders (p = 0.010). The protracted shoulders were more prevalent in subjects with dorsal hyperkyphosis (p = 0.048) and lumbar hyperlordosis was related to the subjects with pelvic anteversion (p < 0.001). The students’ postural assessment showed a wide variety of postural misalignments. It also seems evident that there is a relationship between their occurrences. It should be highlighted the importance of postural assessment in physical education (PE) classes to determine postural misalignments among school students.
Collapse
|
27
|
Alghadir AH, Iqbal ZA, A. Gabr S. The Relationships of Watching Television, Computer Use, Physical Activity, and Food Preferences to Body Mass Index: Gender and Nativity Differences among Adolescents in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9915. [PMID: 34574844 PMCID: PMC8469276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents and ethnic subgroups have been identified at high risks of overweight and its associated complications. Although some studies have investigated overweight, obesity, nutritional status, physical activity, and associated factors among Saudi students, no studies have examined these characteristics among non-Saudi students or compared non-Saudi to Saudi adolescent students. The objective of this study was to compare differences between Saudi and non-Saudi adolescent students regarding time spent watching television, using computers, engaging in physical activity, and their food preferences. The relationships between these lifestyle behaviors and body mass index by Saudi nativity and gender were tested. METHODS Students aged 12 to 18 years (n = 214) from various schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, completed a self-administered questionnaire that included questions about demographic and anthropometric characteristics, daily after-school routine, physical activity, watching television, using computers, and food preferences. Non-parametric (Mann-Whitney U) tests assessed the statistical differences between Saudi and non-Saudi respondents, and males and females were separately tested. RESULTS Saudi boys who reported physical activity two to five times per week, the most television time, the most computer time, and the highest frequency of eating fast food and drinking soft drinks had a significantly higher mean body mass index than the non-Saudi boys in their categories. However, there were no significant differences found between the Saudi and non-Saudi girls. CONCLUSIONS High levels of sedentary and low levels of physical activities as well as high consumption of high-fat fast foods and high-sugar drinks threaten the health of Saudi adolescents. Cultural differences in lifestyle between Saudi and non-Saudi families should be considered when developing programs to improve knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding diet quality and physical activity. The objective of this study is more important in the current situation where increased time spent on computers and mobile phones due to online teaching in schools or working from home, decreased physical activity due to precautionary lockdowns, and unchecked eating patterns while spending more time in sedentary activities in homes has become our COVID-19 pandemic lifestyle in all the age groups. A similar study should be replicated on a large scale to study the effect of this lifestyle on our lives in all the age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaheen A. Iqbal
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (S.A.G.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ayhualem S, Alamer A, Dabi SD, Bogale KG, Abebe AB, Chala MB. Burden of neck pain and associated factors among smart phone user students in University of Gondar, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256794. [PMID: 34492055 PMCID: PMC8423292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile technology has spread rapidly around the globe. In 2018 the numbers of mobile subscribers in Ethiopia hit 66.2 million. Musculoskeletal complaints related to smartphone use in different body parts have been reported ranging from 8.2% to 89.9%. Neck pain has the highest prevalence rate, which ranges from 17.3% to 67.8%. However, there is limited evidence on the burden of neck pain related to Smartphone usage and no research is done in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the burden of neck pain and factors associated with smartphone use in Ethiopia. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with neck pain among smartphone users at University of Gondar. METHODS Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2019 to determine the prevalence and associated factors of neck pain, with a sample of 845 university student smartphone users at University of Gondar, Ethiopia. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to collect data. Independent variables which had a significant association were identified using logistic regression models. Results were reported by using texts and frequency distribution tables. RESULTS Out of 845 questionnaires distributed, 808 students responded; hence, the response rate was 95.6%. The overall prevalence of neck pain among smart phone users in the past 12 months was 47.4% (95% CI, 44.1-50.9%). Attending 5th year (AOR: 3.907, 95% CI: 1. 952-7.82) and 6th year (AOR: 2.93,95% CI: 1,304-6.59), regular physical exercise (AOR: 2.405, 95% CI: 1.549-3.734), cigarette smoking (AOR: 5.415, 95% CI: 2.685-10.919), residency (AOR: 1.681, 95% CI: 1.181-2.391), break while using smartphone (AOR: 3.253 95% CI: 2.252-4.699), used smartphone > 6 hour per day (AOR: 2.782 (1.528 95% CI: 1.528-5.063), used other devises (AOR: 3.158 95% CI: 2.128-4.689), number of social media used daily (AOR: 2.007 95% CI: 1.228-3.2788), used devise for playing game (AOR: 1.484 95% CI: 1.024-2.15) were factors significantly associated with neck pain. CONCLUSION The current study depicted that nearly half of the study participants reported neck pain in the past 12 months. Attending last year of university, personal characteristics, use of smart phone for longer period, playing game, not taking break, other electronic device use, increased number of social media use were associated with neck pain among smartphone users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sileshi Ayhualem
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abayneh Alamer
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mekelle University, Mek’ele, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Deme Dabi
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mekelle University, Mek’ele, Ethiopia
| | - Kefale Getie Bogale
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mekelle University, Mek’ele, Ethiopia
| | - Abey Bekele Abebe
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Bayisa Chala
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Alonazi A, Almutairi W, Bains G, Daher N, Alismail A. Effects of smartphone addiction on children's lung function. Pediatr Int 2021; 63:323-330. [PMID: 32614490 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an increase in smartphone usage, constant neck flexion can lead to improper posture, which may impact on lung function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine and compare the craniovertebral angle (CVA) and lung function between addicted and non-addicted boys and girls aged between 8-13 years who use smartphones for long periods of time. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 24 boys and 26 girls (mean age 10.5 ± 1.6 years and body mass index 18.6 ± 3.0 kg/m2) . Participants were assigned to two groups based on their scores on the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) for Adolescents: addicted group (score > 32, n = 32) and non-addicted group (score ≤ 32, n = 18). The outcome variables were CVA, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), maximum inspiratory pressures (PImax), and maximum expiratory pressures (PEmax). RESULTS There was a significant difference in mean CVA between addicted and non-addicted boys (49.4 ± 6.7 vs 55.5 ± 7.6, η2 = 0.9, P = 0.03) and girls (47.3 ± 6.3 vs 52.9 ± 6.1, η2 = 0.9, P = 0.02). Mean FVC, FEV1, and FEV6 were significantly lower in addicted versus non-addicted boys (P = 0.04, P = 0.05, and P = 0.02, respectively). PImax was significantly less in addicted compared to non-addicted girls (55.2 ± 16.4 vs 65.3 ± 13.8, η2 = 0.7, P = 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings showed that children addicted to smartphones (when using the SAS-SV as an indicator for addiction) revealed lower CVA and lung function results. Therefore, education on proper posture while holding smartphones is essential to the children's postural and lung function status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Alonazi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Almutairi
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gurinder Bains
- Department of Allied Health Studies, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Noha Daher
- Department of Allied Health Studies, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Abdullah Alismail
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li WY, Chau PH, Dai Y, Tiwari AF. The Prevalence and Negative Effects of Thoracic Hyperkyphosis on Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:57-63. [PMID: 33367463 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, 20% to 50% older adults have been found to have thoracic hyperkyphosis. Negative effects on physical performance have been reported. However, there has been a lack of research on the prevalence and negative effects of thoracic hyperkyphosis among Chinese community-dwelling elderly. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING The communities in Wuhan, China. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred and ninety-five Chinese community-dwelling older adults with thoracic hyperkyphosis. MEASURES Chinese community-dwelling older adults aged 60 or above lived in Wuhan, China from August to December 2018 were recruited for spine and physical performance assessments. The primary outcome was the prevalence of thoracic hyperkyphosis estimated according to the angle of kyphosis which was measured by manual inclinometers. The secondary outcomes were the effects of thoracic hyperkyphosis on physical performance measured by One-leg Standing Test (OLS), Timed Up AND Go Test (TUG), Chest Expansion Test (CE), Six Minutes Walking Test (6MWT), and Farsi Version of Functional Gait Assessment (FGA). The socio-demographic and health-related information were collected by a questionnaire. RESULTS Among 395 participants, the mean angle of kyphosis was 49.0° ± 10.5°, 75.2% of participants had the angle of kyphosis >40° (i.e., having thoracic kyperkyphosis). Compared with older adults having no thoracic hyperkyphosis, older adults with thoracic hyperkyphosis had increased risks performing impaired in OLS (OR=4.55, 95% CI 2.18-9.53, p<0.001), TUG (OR=6.08, 95% CI 2.57-14.40, p<0.001), CE (OR=3.23, 95% CI 1.63-6.38, p=0.001), 6MWT (OR=4.64, 95% CI 1.98-10.86, p<0.001), and FGA (OR=5.18, 95% CI 2.25-11.89, p<0.001) after controlling socio-demographic and health-related factors. CONCLUSION The thoracic hyperkyphosis had high prevalence and associated with impaired performance in balance, gait, and cardiopulmonary function tests among Chinese community-dwelling older adults, which calls for the future intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-Y Li
- Pui Hing Chau, School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim K, Lee YS, Kim N, Choi HD, Kang DJ, Kim HR, Lim KM. Effects of Electromagnetic Waves with LTE and 5G Bandwidth on the Skin Pigmentation In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E170. [PMID: 33375304 PMCID: PMC7794711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid growth of wireless communication devices, the influences of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on human health are gathering increasing attention. Since the skin is the largest organ of the body and is located at the outermost layer, it is considered a major target for the health effects of EMF. Skin pigmentation represents one of the most frequent symptoms caused by various non-ionizing radiations, including ultraviolet radiation, blue light, infrared, and extremely low frequency (ELF). Here, we investigated the effects of EMFs with long-term evolution (LTE, 1.762 GHz) and 5G (28 GHz) bandwidth on skin pigmentation in vitro. Murine and Human melanoma cells (B16F10 and MNT-1) were exposed to either LTE or 5G for 4 h per day, which is considered the upper bound of average smartphone use time. It was shown that neither LTE nor 5G exposure induced significant effects on cell viability or pigmentation. The dendrites of MNT-1 were neither lengthened nor regressed after EMF exposure. Skin pigmentation effects of EMFs were further examined in the human keratinocyte cell line (MNT-1-HaCaT) co-culture system, which confirmed the absence of significant hyper-pigmentation effects of LTE and 5G EMFs. Lastly, MelanoDerm™, a 3D pigmented human epidermis model, was irradiated with LTE (1.762 GHz) or 5G (28 GHz), and image analysis and special staining were performed. No changes in the brightness of MelanoDerm™ tissues were observed in LTE- or 5G-exposed tissues, except for only minimal changes in the size of melanocytes. Collectively, these results imply that exposure to LTE and 5G EMFs may not affect melanin synthesis or skin pigmentation under normal smartphone use condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyuri Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Young Seung Lee
- Radio & Satellite Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (Y.S.L.); (H.-D.C.)
| | - Nam Kim
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Do Choi
- Radio & Satellite Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (Y.S.L.); (H.-D.C.)
| | - Dong-Jun Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (D.-J.K.); (H.R.K.)
| | - Hak Rim Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (D.-J.K.); (H.R.K.)
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lu L, Robinson M, Tan Y, Goonewardena K, Guo X, Mareels I, Oetomo D. Effective Assessments of a Short-Duration Poor Posture on Upper Limb Muscle Fatigue Before Physical Exercise. Front Physiol 2020; 11:541974. [PMID: 33132916 PMCID: PMC7579401 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.541974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A forward head and rounded shoulder posture is a poor posture that is widely seen in everyday life. It is known that sitting in such a poor posture with long hours will bring health issues such as muscle pain. However, it is not known whether sitting in this poor posture for a short period of time will affect human activities. This paper investigates the effects of a short-duration poor posture before some typical physical activities such as push-ups. The experiments are set up as follows. Fourteen male subjects are asked to do push-ups until fatigue with two surface electromyography (sEMG) at the upper limb. Two days later, they are asked to sit in this poor posture for 15 min with eight sEMG sensors located at given back muscles. Then they do the push-ups after the short-duration poor posture. The observations from the median frequency of sEMG signals at the upper limb indicate that the short-duration poor posture does affect the fatigue procedure of push-ups. A significant decreasing trend of the performance of push-ups is obtained after sitting in this poor posture. Such effects indicate that some parts of the back muscles indeed get fatigued with only 15 min sitting in this poor posture. By further investigating the time-frequency components of sEMG of back muscles, it is observed that the low and middle frequencies of sEMG signals from the infraspinatus muscle of the dominant side are demonstrated to be more prone to fatigue with the poor posture. Although this study focuses only on push-ups, similar experiments can be arranged for other physical exercises as well. This study provides new insights into the effect of a short-duration poor posture before physical activities. These insights can be used to guide athletes to pay attention to postures before physical activities to improve performance and reduce the risk of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Mark Robinson
- Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ying Tan
- Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Xinliang Guo
- Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Iven Mareels
- IBM Research - Australia, Southbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Denny Oetomo
- Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Vahedi Z, Mazloumi A, Sharifnezhad A, Kazemi Z, Garosi E. Head forward flexion, lateral bending and viewing distance in smartphone users: A comparison between sitting and standing postures. Work 2020; 67:837-846. [PMID: 33104054 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphones (SPs) are widely used by people of all age groups and genders. Users spend many hours per day on the SPs for different purposes, which imposes significant stress on their musculoskeletal system. OBJECTIVES This study explored head forward flexion, lateral bending angle, and viewing distance while working with a SP in sitting/standing postures and one-handed/two-handed grips. The users' performance as well as pain development were also investigated. METHODS Participants answered a questionnaire on pain experience before and after SP usage. Neck kinematics of 20 SP users were monitored by a motion analysis system while doing three tasks (typing, video watching, and reading) in sitting and standing postures. Performance was evaluated by number of typed words, amount of errors in typing, and total read words. RESULTS The results indicated a significant increase in pain complaints in neck and upper limbs after test completion. Working with SPs in sitting and standing postures were, respectively, associated with greater head forward flexion for watching and viewing distance for two-handed typing tasks. Higher left lateral bending values were measured for one-handed watching and reading tasks in standing posture. The performance measures were superior for two-handed grips in all conditions. CONCLUSIONS Overall, using SPs in sitting posture creates greater head forward flexion and lower lateral bending angles in all tasks and grip types. The findings of this study can be used to provide recommendations for SP users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Vahedi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adel Mazloumi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifnezhad
- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Sports Science Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Kazemi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Garosi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Toprak Celenay S, Karaaslan Y, Mete O, Ozer Kaya D. Coronaphobia, musculoskeletal pain, and sleep quality in stay-at home and continued-working persons during the 3-month Covid-19 pandemic lockdown in Turkey. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1778-1785. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1815759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Toprak Celenay
- Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Karaaslan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Mete
- Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Ozer Kaya
- Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jankowicz-Szymańska A, Fałatowicz M, Smoła E, Błyszczuk R, Wódka K. Relationship between frontal knee position and the degree of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis among 10-12-year-old children with normal body weight. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236150. [PMID: 32726335 PMCID: PMC7390398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incorrect positioning of the body in space increases the tension of the myofascial tissue and overloads the skeleton. It is important to look for factors that affect the deterioration of body posture that could be eliminated. Understanding the interrelationship between the positioning of individual body segments should be the key knowledge for those involved in the prevention and correction of faulty body posture. The study aimed to determine the relationship between the degree of physiological curvatures of the spine and the incidence of incorrect knee position. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved 685 children aged 10-12. Body height, weight and BMI were measured and calculated. The degree of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis was assessed using the Zebris Pointer ultrasound system. Valgus and varus knees were diagnosed in an upright position based on the intermalleolar distance with knees together, and intercondylar distance with the feet placed together. The statistical analysis uses descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test (comparison of girls and boys), the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Tukey's post hoc test (comparison of variables in participants with correct, varus and valgus knees) and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (the relationship between the position of the spine and knees). RESULTS The examined girls were heavier than the boys and had higher BMI. Spine deformities and incorrect knee position are common among 10-12-year-old children. The girls and boys differed significantly in the spine shape in the sagittal plane and the intermalleolar distance. Round lumbar lordosis is more characteristic for girls, and for boys, round thoracic kyphosis. For both genders, valgus knees occur more often than varus knees and coexist with decreased thoracic kyphosis. The rounder the thoracic kyphosis, the greater distance between the knees and the smaller distance between ankles. CONCLUSIONS The frontal knee position significantly correlated with the depth of thoracic kyphosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Fałatowicz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow, Tarnow, Poland
| | - Eliza Smoła
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow, Tarnow, Poland
| | - Renata Błyszczuk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow, Tarnow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wódka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow, Tarnow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yalcinkaya G, Sengul Salik Y, Buker N. The effect of calling duration on cervical joint repositioning error angle and discomfort in university students. Work 2020; 65:473-482. [PMID: 32116268 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The time spent on mobile phone during daytime is increasing with the rapid life-style in young population for different purposes such as texting, calling etc. and the younger population is more dependent on networking with them. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to compare joint repositioning error angle in the cervical region between groups with regard to their daily calling duration on smartphone and to determine the relationship between daily calling duration and potential cervical pain and disability. METHODS Sixty-three university students were included in the study. Participants were divided concerning to their durations of daily calling durations on smartphones. The joint-repositioning-error sense, craniovertebral angle, cervicothoracic muscle strength, and endurance of neck flexors were measured and potential pain and disability levels were assessed. RESULTS University students who spending twenty minutes or more for calling on smartphone daily had significantly higher joint repositioning error sense. Additionally, it was determined that there was fair relationship between the daily calling time on smartphone and potential neck pain and disability. CONCLUSIONS The prolonged calling duration on smartphone could affect cervical joint repositioning error sense in university students. This might be related to potential discomfort on cervical region in the further period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Yalcinkaya
- Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yesim Sengul Salik
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nurullah Buker
- Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jeong YJ, Choi JS. The effect of indirect vision skills on head and shoulder posture amongst Korean dental hygienists. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2020; 24:17-25. [PMID: 31518468 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of indirect vision skills on head and shoulder posture in dental hygienists. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included a total of 100 female clinical dental hygienists. It evaluated musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck, shoulders and back, head and shoulder posture (craniovertebral angle [CVA] and sagittal shoulder posture angle [SSPA]). Indirect vision skills were assessed using the O'Connor tweezer test under indirect vision with a mirror. To analyse factors associated with the CVA and SSPA, an independent t test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted, respectively. RESULTS The body region in which the greatest number of symptoms of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was recognised was the neck (89.0%). In the multiple linear regression model, which adjusted for other factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders, dental hygienists with poor indirect vision skills showed relatively small SSPA value (P < .05). However, indirect vision skills were not associated with the CVA value. CONCLUSIONS Good indirect vision skills contribute to the prevention of rounded shoulders in dental hygienists. Therefore, where possible, dental hygienists should perform clinical procedures using indirect vision with a dental mirror to maintain a balanced posture and reduce flexion of the back or the neck. A dental hygiene curriculum should include training to improve clinical skills, as well as education regarding dental ergonomics and a monitoring system to determine whether ergonomic principles are well observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jin Jeong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gachon University Graduate School, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jun-Seon Choi
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ali RA, Alnuaimi KM, Al-Jarrah IA. Examining the associations between smartphone use and mother-infant bonding and family functioning: A survey design. Nurs Health Sci 2020; 22:235-242. [PMID: 31989770 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Excessive smartphone use has been found to be associated with dysfunctional social and family relations. While most studies of this phenomenon have focused on adolescent and adult addiction, none has yet to focus on mothers with infants. This study examined the association of excessive smartphone use with mother-infant bonding, maternal mental health, and family functioning in Jordan. The predictive value of the study variables with respect to the level of smartphone use was evaluated. A descriptive correlational cross-sectional survey design was used. A sample of 114 mothers with infants was interviewed in person and completed a web-based questionnaire. Approximately 16% reported using smartphones 5 to 14 hours per day; 6.7% described themselves as smartphone addicts. The results suggest that excessive smartphone use may be linked to unhealthy family functioning. No associations were found between smartphone use and mother-infant bonding or maternal mental health. Raising awareness of this linkage and limiting smartphone use are recommended as precautionary measures. Although this study failed to find any association between smartphone use and mother-infant bonding, further studies using empirical methods might have better success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem A Ali
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing - Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karimeh M Alnuaimi
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing - Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Imteyaz A Al-Jarrah
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lim PK, Amer Nordin AS, Yee A, Tan SB. Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction in Patients with Depression and Its Association with Depression Severity: a Cross-sectional Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
40
|
Ludwig O, Berger J, Becker S, Kemmler W, Fröhlich M. The Impact of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Body Posture and Trunk Muscle Strength in Untrained Persons. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1020. [PMID: 31481895 PMCID: PMC6710354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular imbalances of the trunk muscles are held responsible for changes in body posture. At the same time, whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has been established as a new training method that enables simultaneous stimulation of many muscle groups. This study was aiming to analyze if a 10 weeks WB-EMS training changes posture-relevant parameters and/or improves isometric strength of the trunk extensors and flexors, and if there are differences based on stimulation at 20 Hz and 85 Hz. Fifty eight untrained adult test persons were divided into three groups (control, CON; training with 20 Hz stimulation, TR20; training with 85 Hz, TR85). Anthropometric parameters, trunk extension and flexion forces and torques, and posture parameters were determined before (n = 58) and after (n = 53: CON: n = 15, TR20: n = 19, TR85: n = 19) a 10 weeks WB-EMS training program (15 applications, 9 exercises). Differences between the groups were calculated for pre- and post-tests using univariate ANOVA and between the test times using repeated (2 × 3) ANOVA. Comparisons of pairs were calculated post hoc based on Fisher (LSD). No differences between the groups were found for the posture parameters. The post hoc analysis of both trunk flexion and trunk extension forces and torques showed a significant difference between the groups TR85 and CON but no difference between the other group pairs. A 10 weeks whole-body electrostimulation training with a stimulation frequency of 85 Hz in contrast to training with a stimulation frequency of 20 Hz improves the trunk muscle strength of an untrained group but does not significantly change posture parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ludwig
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Joshua Berger
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Eitivipart AC, Viriyarojanakul S, Redhead L. Musculoskeletal disorder and pain associated with smartphone use: A systematic review of biomechanical evidence. Hong Kong Physiother J 2018; 38:77-90. [PMID: 30930581 PMCID: PMC6405356 DOI: 10.1142/s1013702518300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of smartphone users is growing dramatically. Using the smartphone frequently forces the users to adopt an awkward posture leading to an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders and pain. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of studies that assess the effect of smartphone use on musculoskeletal disorders and pain. A systematic literature search of AMED, CINAHL, PubMed, Proquest, ScienceDirect using specific keywords relating to smartphone, musculoskeletal disorders and pain was conducted. Reference lists of related papers were searched for additional studies. Methodological quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the modified Downs and Black checklist. From 639 reports identified from electronic databases, 11 were eligible to include in the review. One paper was found from the list of references and added to the review. The quality scores were rated as moderate. The results show that muscle activity of upper trapezius, erector spinae and the neck extensor muscles are increased as well as head flexion angle, head tilt angle and forward head shifting which increased during the smartphone use. Also, smartphone use in a sitting position seems to cause more shift in head-neck angle than in a standing position. Smartphone usage may contribute to musculoskeletal disorders. The findings of the included papers should be interpreted carefully in light of the issues highlighted by the moderate-quality assessment scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitthanatt Chachris Eitivipart
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Department of Physical Therapy Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Lucy Redhead
- School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Szucs KA, Cicuto K, Rakow M. A comparison of upper body and limb postures across technology and handheld device use in college students. J Phys Ther Sci 2018; 30:1293-1300. [PMID: 30349167 PMCID: PMC6181668 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.30.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] People using technology and handheld devices adopt postures of the upper limb
and neck that could result in musculoskeletal pathology. Previous research has explored
the postures assumed during isolated use of technology devices, such as a smartphone,
however a comparison of posture assumed between multiple devices has not been completed.
The purpose of this study was to compare the posture of the upper body and limb between
handheld devices and technology. [Participants and Methods] Twenty one healthy college
students completed this study. Pictures of participants were taken in a neutral posture
and as they performed standard tasks with 3 devices (mobile phone, tablet, laptop). A
mobile application calculated sagittal and coronal plane posture variables, which were
compared between device conditions with an ANOVA and post-hoc tests. [Results] Head
translation and angulation and shoulder angulation varied significantly between conditions
in both planes. Shoulder translation varied significantly between conditions in the
sagittal plane. Rib translation varied significantly between conditions in the coronal
plane. Tablet use produced postures that were statistically different than the other
devices. [Conclusion] Use of each device altered posture however, frequent, regular use of
a tablet may produce greater deleterious effects than regular use of other handheld
devices/technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Szucs
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Duquesne University: 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
| | - Kara Cicuto
- Mahoning County Educational Service Center, USA
| | - Marissa Rakow
- Physical Disabilities Programs of Montgomery County Public Schools, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mingels S, Granitzer M. Pericranial Tenderness in Females With Episodic Cervical Headache vs Asymptomatic Controls: A Cross-sectional Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2018; 41:488-495. [PMID: 30121130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare pericranial tenderness of females with episodic cervical headache vs matched asymptomatic controls. METHODS Through a single-blind, cross-sectional study, pericranial tenderness was compared between 20 females with episodic cervical headaches (29.4 ± 13.2 years) and 20 age-matched female asymptomatic controls (30.1 ± 13.7 years). Pericranial tenderness was bilaterally measured in a headache-free period with the "total tenderness score" (TTS) in the suboccipital, temporal, frontal, masseter, upper trapezius (UT), levator scapula, and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle insertions. Passive cervical mobility, headache intensity, frequency, and duration were secondary outcomes. Analysis was done with a 95% confidence level (SPSS version 22). The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare pericranial, cephalic, cervical, and muscle-specific tenderness between groups. Correlations between passive cervical mobility and headache characteristics and the TTS were estimated with Spearman's ρ. RESULTS The headache group (1.25 ± 0.89) showed a 2 times higher (P < .05) pericranial TTS compared to the control group (0.62 ± 0.70). Higher (P < .05) scores were observed for the left suboccipital, temporal, masseter, UT, levator scapula, and SCM muscles and the right suboccipital, frontal, UT, and levator scapula muscles. Grouping the tenderness scores into cervical (suboccipital, UT, levator scapula, SCM) and cephalic (frontal, temporal, masseter) regions revealed greater scores (P < .05) in the headache group. In the latter, the TTS was significantly positively correlated with passive cervical extension (ρ = 0.78). CONCLUSION Consistent higher tenderness scores were observed and suggest involvement of sensitization in patients with episodic cervical headaches. A positive correlation was seen between passive cervical extension and sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mingels
- Faculty Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Marita Granitzer
- Faculty Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Toivo K, Kannus P, Kokko S, Alanko L, Heinonen OJ, Korpelainen R, Savonen K, Selänne H, Vasankari T, Kannas L, Kujala UM, Villberg J, Parkkari J. Musculoskeletal examination in young athletes and non-athletes: the Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club (FHPSC) study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000376. [PMID: 29955377 PMCID: PMC6018865 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the inter-rater repeatability of a musculoskeletal examination and to compare findings between adolescent athletes and non-athletes in Finland. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a musculoskeletal examination assessing posture, mobility and movement control was carried out by a sports and exercise medicine physician on 399 athletes aged 14–17 years and 177 non-athletes. Within 2 weeks another sports and exercise medicine physician repeated the examination for 41 adolescents to test the inter-rater repeatability. Results In total, 10 of the 11 tests performed had at least moderate inter-rater reliability (κ ≥0.4 or percentage agreement >80%). Athletes more often than non-athletes had one shoulder protruded (8.0% vs 4.0%, OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.16 to 6.81). Forty-six per cent of athletes had good knee control in the two-legged vertical drop jump test compared with 32% of non-athletes (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.06). Athletes had better core muscle control with 86.3% being able to remain in the correct plank position for 30 s compared with 68.6% of non-athletes (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.67 to 4.36). In the deep squat test, good lumbar spine control was maintained only by 35.8% of athletes and 38.4% of non-athletes. Conclusion A basic musculoskeletal examination is sufficiently reliable to be performed by trained physicians as a part of a periodic health evaluation. Shortfalls in mobility, posture and movement control are common in both athletes and non-athletes. These deficits could have been caused by sedentary behaviour, monotonous training, or both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerttu Toivo
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland.,UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pekka Kannus
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland.,UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Lauri Alanko
- Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Clinic, Oulu Deaconess Institute, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Harri Selänne
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lasse Kannas
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland.,UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Smith RO. Technology and Occupation: Past, Present, and the Next 100 Years of Theory and Practice. Am J Occup Ther 2017; 71:7106150010p1-7106150010p15. [PMID: 29135423 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2017.716003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first 100 years of occupational therapy, the profession developed a remarkable practice and theory base. All along, technology was an active and core component of practice, but often technology was mentioned only as an adjunct component of therapy and as if it was a specialty. This lecture proposes a new foundational theory that places technology at the heart of occupational therapy as a fundamental part of human occupation and the human experience. Moreover, this new Metaphysical Physical-Emotive Theory of Occupation pushes the occupational therapy profession and the occupational science discipline to overtly consider occupation on the level of a metaphysical-level reality. The presentation of this theory at the Centennial of the profession charges the field to test and further define the theory over the next 100 years and to leverage technology and its role in optimizing occupational performance into the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger O Smith
- Roger O. Smith, PhD, OT, FAOTA, RESNA Fellow, is Professor, Department of Occupational Science and Technology, College of Health Sciences, and Director, Rehabilitation Research Design & Disability (R₂D₂) Center, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and President, Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America, Arlington, VA;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Singla D, Veqar Z. Association Between Forward Head, Rounded Shoulders, and Increased Thoracic Kyphosis: A Review of the Literature. J Chiropr Med 2017; 16:220-229. [PMID: 29097952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this review was to explore the association between forward head posture, rounded shoulders, and increased thoracic kyphosis. Methods The PubMed, ERIC, and Cochrane databases were searched using the key words posture, head, shoulder, forward scapular posture, and thoracic kyphosis through December 2016. Results Our initial search yielded 6840 research studies, 6769 of which were excluded because they either were duplicates or did not satisfy the inclusion criteria. After the abstracts of the remaining studies were read, 15 were assessed for eligibility, and only 4 papers were included in the present review. Cervical lordosis values were found to be significantly associated with thoracic kyphosis values. Also, there were significant correlations between rounded shoulders and increased thoracic kyphosis. Conclusion Forward head posture, rounded shoulders, and increased thoracic kyphosis can exist alone or in any combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singla
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, Delhi, India
| | - Zubia Veqar
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Toh SH, Coenen P, Howie EK, Straker LM. The associations of mobile touch screen device use with musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures: A systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181220. [PMID: 28787453 PMCID: PMC5546699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of mobile touch screen devices (MTSDs) has increased rapidly over the last decade, and there are concerns that their use may have negative musculoskeletal consequences; yet evidence on the association of MTSD use with musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures is currently dispersed. The aim of this study was to systematically review available literature on musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures associated with MTSD use. The synthesised information may facilitate wise use of MTSDs and may identify areas in need of further research. METHODS EMBASE, Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO and Proquest electronic databases were searched for articles published up to June 2016, using keywords describing MTSD, musculoskeletal symptoms (e.g. pain, discomfort) and musculoskeletal exposures (e.g. posture, muscle activity). Two reviewers independently screened the articles, extracted relevant data and assessed methodological quality of included studies. Due to heterogeneity in the studies, a meta-analysis was not possible and a structured narrative synthesis of the findings was undertaken. RESULTS A total of 9,908 articles were screened for eligibility with 45 articles finally included for review. Included articles were of cross-sectional, case-control or experimental laboratory study designs. No longitudinal studies were identified. Findings were presented and discussed in terms of the amount, features, tasks and positions of MTSD use and its association with musculoskeletal symptoms and musculoskeletal exposures. CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence that MTSD use, and various aspects of its use (i.e. amount of usage, features, tasks and positions) are associated with musculoskeletal symptoms and exposures. This is due to mainly low quality experimental and case-control laboratory studies, with few cross-sectional and no longitudinal studies. Further research is warranted in order to develop guidelines for wise use of MTSDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siao Hui Toh
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Physiotherapy Department, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pieter Coenen
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erin K. Howie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Leon M. Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim HY, Yeun YR, Kim SJ. Preventive effects of stretching and stabilization exercises on muscle fatigue in mobile phone users. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:2529-2532. [PMID: 27799686 PMCID: PMC5080168 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of stretching and stabilization exercises on muscle fatigue of the neck erector spine and upper trapezius muscles. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects of this study were 26 healthy university students (14 males and 12 females). Each subject was assigned randomly to each of three study groups in order to prevent order effect. The three groups included in this study were the no-exercise, stretching exercise, and neck stabilization exercise groups. The median electromyographic frequency was used as a gauge of muscle fatigue. [Results] Decreased muscle fatigue was demonstrated by an increase in the median electromyographic frequency values in all the four muscle groups in the comparison between conditions 1 and 3. In particular, statistically significant differences were found between the two conditions in the right upper trapezius muscle group. [Conclusion] These findings suggest that the effect of stretching and stabilization exercises can reduce muscle fatigue in mobile phone users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ran Yeun
- Department of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joong Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|