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Tse NY, Tu S, Chen Y, Caga J, Dobson-Stone C, Kwok JB, Halliday GM, Ahmed RM, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Kiernan MC, Devenney EM. Schizotypal traits across the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia spectrum: pathomechanistic insights. J Neurol 2022; 269:4241-4252. [PMID: 35279757 PMCID: PMC9294025 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric presentations similar to that observed in primary psychiatric disorders are well described across the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD) spectrum. Despite this, schizotypal personality traits associated with increased risks of clinical psychosis development and poor psychosocial outcomes have never been examined. The current study aimed to provide the first exploration of schizotypal traits and its neural underpinnings in the ALS-FTD spectrum to gain insights into a broader spectrum of psychiatric overlap with psychiatric disorders. METHODS Schizotypal traits were assessed using the targeted Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire in 99 participants (35 behavioural variant FTD, 10 ALS-FTD and 37 ALS patients, and 17 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls). Voxel-based morphometry analysis of whole-brain grey matter volume was conducted. RESULTS Relative to controls, pervasive schizotypal personality traits across positive and negative schizotypy and disorganised thought disorders were identified in behavioural variant FTD, ALS (with the exception of negative schizotypy) and ALS-FTDALS-FTD patients (all p < .013), suggesting the presence of a wide spectrum of subclinical schizotypal symptoms beyond classic psychotic symptoms. Atrophy in frontal, anterior cingulate and insular cortices, and caudate and thalamus was involved in positive schizotypy, while integrity of the cerebellum was associated with disorganised thought disorder traits. CONCLUSIONS The frontal-striatal-limbic regions underpinning manifestation of schizotypy in the ALS-FTDALS-FTD spectrum are similar to that established in previous schizophrenia research. This finding expands the concept of a psychiatric overlap in ALS-FTD and schizophrenia, and suggests potentially common underlying mechanisms involving disruptions to frontal-striatal-limbic networks, warranting a transdiagnostic approach for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Yan Tse
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Sicong Tu
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Psychology and Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jashelle Caga
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Carol Dobson-Stone
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Rebekah M Ahmed
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Memory and Cognition Clinic, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- School of Psychology and Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Emma M Devenney
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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2
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Lualdi M, Shafique A, Pedrini E, Pieroni L, Greco V, Castagnola M, Cucina G, Corrado L, Di Pierro A, De Marchi F, Camillo L, Colombrita C, D’Anca M, Alberio T, D’Alfonso S, Fasano M. C9ORF72 Repeat Expansion Affects the Proteome of Primary Skin Fibroblasts in ALS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910385. [PMID: 34638725 PMCID: PMC8508815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of the corticospinal motor neurons, which ultimately leads to death. The repeat expansion in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) represents the most common genetic cause of ALS and it is also involved in the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative disorders. To offer insights into C9ORF72-mediated pathogenesis, we quantitatively analyzed the proteome of patient-derived primary skin fibroblasts from ALS patients carrying the C9ORF72 mutation compared with ALS patients who tested negative for it. Differentially expressed proteins were identified, used to generate a protein-protein interaction network and subjected to a functional enrichment analysis to unveil altered molecular pathways. ALS patients were also compared with patients affected by frontotemporal dementia carrying the C9ORF72 repeat expansion. As a result, we demonstrated that the molecular pathways mainly altered in fibroblasts (e.g., protein homeostasis) mirror the alterations observed in C9ORF72-mutated neurons. Moreover, we highlighted novel molecular pathways (nuclear and mitochondrial transports, vesicle trafficking, mitochondrial bioenergetics, glucose metabolism, ER-phagosome crosstalk and Slit/Robo signaling pathway) which might be further investigated as C9ORF72-specific pathogenetic mechanisms. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD023866.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lualdi
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0331-339-414
| | - Adeena Shafique
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Proteomics and Metabolomic Laboratory, Experimental Neuroscience Department, S. Lucia Foundation IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Viviana Greco
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-00168 Rome, Italy;
- Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics and Metabolomic Laboratory, Experimental Neuroscience Department, S. Lucia Foundation IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Giorgia Cucina
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Lucia Corrado
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Alice Di Pierro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy;
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lara Camillo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Claudia Colombrita
- Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, I-20149 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marianna D’Anca
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS, Policlinico Hospital, I-20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Alberio
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Sandra D’Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
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3
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de Souza PVS, Pinto WBVDR, Farias IB, Badia BDML, Pinto IFN, Costa GC, Marin CM, Dos Santos Jorge AC, Souto EC, Serrano PDL, Machado RIL, Chieia MAT, Bertini E, Oliveira ASB. Progressive spastic tetraplegia and axial hypotonia (STAHP) due to SOD1 deficiency: is it really a new entity? Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:360. [PMID: 34380534 PMCID: PMC8359534 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disease due to upper and lower motor neuron involvement with symptoms classically occurring in adulthood with an increasing recognition of juvenile presentations and childhood neurodegenerative disorders caused by genetic variants in genes related to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The main objective of this study is detail clinical, radiological, neurophysiological, and genetic findings of a Brazilian cohort of patients with a recent described condition known as Spastic Tetraplegia and Axial Hypotonia (STAHP) due to SOD1 deficiency and compare with other cases described in the literature and discuss whether the clinical picture related to SOD1 protein deficiency is a new entity or may be represent a very early-onset form of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Methods We conducted a case series report which included retrospective data from five Brazilian patients with SOD1 protein deficiency of a Brazilian reference center for Neuromuscular Disorders. Clinical data were obtained from a review of the medical records and descriptive statistics and variables were summarized using counts and percentages of the total population. Results All 5 patients presented with a childhood-onset neurodegenerative disorders characterized by spastic tetraplegia with axial hypotonia in all cases, with gestational history showing polyhydramnios in 4/5 and intrauterine growth restriction in 3/5 patients, with most patients initially presenting a normal motor development until the six month of life or during the first year followed by a rapidly progressive motor decline with severe dysphagia and respiratory insufficiency in all patients accompanied by cognitive impairment in 3/5 patients. All patients were homozygous for the c.335dupG (p.Cys112Trpfs*11) mutation in the SOD1 gene with completely decreased enzyme activity. Conclusions This case series is the biggest data collection of the new recent clinical entity described as Spastic Tetraplegia and Axial Hypotonia (STAHP) due to SOD1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Embaú Street, 67, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil.
| | - Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende Pinto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Embaú Street, 67, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Igor Braga Farias
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Embaú Street, 67, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Mattos Lombardi Badia
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Embaú Street, 67, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Icaro França Navarro Pinto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Embaú Street, 67, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Carvalho Costa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Embaú Street, 67, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Carolina Maria Marin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Embaú Street, 67, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Dos Santos Jorge
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Embaú Street, 67, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Emília Correia Souto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Embaú Street, 67, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Paulo de Lima Serrano
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Embaú Street, 67, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ismael Lacerda Machado
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Embaú Street, 67, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Troccoli Chieia
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Embaú Street, 67, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Embaú Street, 67, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
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4
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Maj C, Chiarenza GA, Faraone SV, Miriam C, Gennarelli M, Bonvicini C, Scassellati C. Intermediate lengths of the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion may synergistically contribute to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in child and his father: case report. Neurocase 2021; 27:138-146. [PMID: 33730968 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.1887275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have summarized the abstract section as follows: "We report a son and his father affected by Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). They belonged to a larger cohort (116 ADHD children, 20 related parents, 77 controls) wholly genotyped forC9ORF72 expansion. Ten ADHD susceptibility genes were further investigated in the family. We revealed that son and father shared an intermediateC9ORF72 expansion and common variants inCDH23, ITGAE and MTRR. Bioinformatics highlighted aC9ORF72-MTRR interaction. This case-report underlines that in relatives with ADHD, carrying variants in ADHD susceptibility genes, the intermediateC9ORF72 repeats might have a potentially pathogenetic synergistic effect, supporting the multifactorial polygenic aetiopathogenetic profile of disease".
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maj
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Istitute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Stephen V Faraone
- Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ciani Miriam
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Section of Biology and Genetic, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Catia Scassellati
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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5
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Ganguly J, Jog M. Tauopathy and Movement Disorders-Unveiling the Chameleons and Mimics. Front Neurol 2020; 11:599384. [PMID: 33250855 PMCID: PMC7674803 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.599384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of tauopathy encompasses heterogenous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by neural or glial deposition of pathological protein tau. Clinically they can present as cognitive syndromes, movement disorders, motor neuron disease, or mixed. The heterogeneity in clinical presentation, genetic background, and underlying pathology make it difficult to classify and clinically approach tauopathy. In the literature, tauopathies are thus mostly highlighted from pathological perspective. From clinical standpoint, cognitive syndromes are often been focussed while reviewing tauopathies. However, the spectrum of tauopathy has also evolved significantly in the domain of movement disorders and has transgressed beyond the domain of primary tauopathies. Secondary tauopathies from neuroinflammation or autoimmune insults and some other "novel" tauopathies are increasingly being reported in the current literature, while some of them are geographically isolated. Because of the overlapping clinical phenotypes, it often becomes difficult for the clinician to diagnose them clinically and have to wait for the pathological confirmation by autopsy. However, each of these tauopathies has some clinical and radiological signatures those can help in clinical diagnosis and targeted genetic testing. In this review, we have exposed the heterogeneity of tauopathy from a movement disorder perspective and have provided a clinical approach to diagnose them ante mortem before confirmatory autopsy. Additionally, phenotypic variability of these disorders (chameleons) and the look-alikes (mimics) have been discussed with potential clinical pointers for each of them. The review provides a framework within which new and as yet undiscovered entities can be classified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mandar Jog
- Movement Disorder Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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6
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Naseer MI, Abdulkareem AA, Pushparaj PN, Bibi F, Chaudhary AG. Exome Analysis Identified Novel Homozygous Splice Site Donor Alteration in NT5C2 Gene in a Saudi Family Associated With Spastic Diplegia Cerebral Palsy, Developmental Delay, and Intellectual Disability. Front Genet 2020; 11:14. [PMID: 32153630 PMCID: PMC7050623 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) is a rare heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases, with upper and lower limb spasticity motor neuron disintegration leading to paraplegias. NT5C2 gene (OMIM: 600417) encode a hydrolase enzyme 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II play an important role in maintaining the balance of purine nucleotides and free nucleobases in the spinal cord and brain. In this study we have identified a large consanguineous Saudi family segregating a novel homozygous splice site donor alteration in NT5C2 gene leading to spastic diplegia cerebral palsy, developmental delay and microcephaly. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed for the affected members of the family to study the novel mutation. WES data analysis, confirmed by Sanger sequencing analysis, identifies a homozygous splice site donor alteration of possible interest in NT5C2 (ENST00000343289: c.539+1G > T) at the sixth exon/intron boundaries. The mutation was further ruled out in 100 healthy control from normal population. The novel homozygous mutation observed in this study has not been reported in the literature or variant databases. The identified splicing alteration broadens the mutation spectrum of NT5C2 gene in neurodevelopmental disorders. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report from Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehmida Bibi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel G Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center for Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Singh S, Singh TG. Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Signalling in Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Mechanistic Approach. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:918-935. [PMID: 32031074 PMCID: PMC7709146 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200207120949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A transcriptional regulatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein is a modulator of cellular biological activity via binding to a promoter region in the nucleus and transcribing various protein genes. The recent research implicated the intensive role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in diseases like autoimmune disorder, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, targeting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein offers a new opportunity as a therapeutic approach. Activation of IκB kinase/NF-κB signaling pathway leads to the development of various pathological conditions in human beings, such as neurodegenerative, inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Therefore, the transcriptional activity of IκB kinase/NF- κB is strongly regulated at various cascade pathways. The nuclear factor NF-kB pathway plays a major role in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. In response to the diverse stimuli, the cytosolic sequestered NF-κB in an inactivated form by binding with an inhibitor molecule protein (IkB) gets phosphorylated and translocated into the nucleus further transcribing various genes necessary for modifying various cellular functions. The various researches confirmed the role of different family member proteins of NF-κB implicated in expressing various genes products and mediating various cellular cascades. MicroRNAs, as regulators of NF- κB microRNAs play important roles in the regulation of the inflammatory process. Therefore, the inhibitor of NF-κB and its family members plays a novel therapeutic target in preventing various diseases. Regulation of NF- κB signaling pathway may be a safe and effective treatment strategy for various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareen Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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8
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Pinto WBVR, Debona R, Nunes PP, Assis ACD, Lopes CG, Bortholin T, Dias RB, Naylor FGM, Chieia MAT, Souza PVS, Oliveira ASB. Atypical Motor Neuron Disease variants: Still a diagnostic challenge in Neurology. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:221-232. [PMID: 30846210 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Motor neuron disease (MND) represents a wide and heterogeneous expanding group of disorders involving the upper or lower motor neurons, mainly represented by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), primary lateral sclerosis, progressive muscular atrophy and progressive bulbar palsy. Primary motor neuronopathies are characterized by progressive degenerative loss of anterior horn cell motoneurons (lower motor neurons) or loss of giant pyramidal Betz cells (upper motor neurons). Despite its well-known natural history, pathophysiological and clinical characteristics for the most common MND, atypical clinical presentation and neurodegenerative mechanisms are commonly observed in rare clinical entities, so-called atypical variants of MND-ALS, including flail-leg syndrome, flail-arm syndrome, facial-onset sensory and motor neuronopathy (FOSMN), finger extension weakness and downbeat nystagmus (FEWDON-MND) and long-lasting and juvenile MND-ALS. Herein, we provide a review article presenting clinical, genetic, pathophysiological and neuroimaging findings of atypical variants of MND-ALS in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B V R Pinto
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 899, 04022-002 Vila Clementino, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - R Debona
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 899, 04022-002 Vila Clementino, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - P P Nunes
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 899, 04022-002 Vila Clementino, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - A C D Assis
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 899, 04022-002 Vila Clementino, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - C G Lopes
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 899, 04022-002 Vila Clementino, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - T Bortholin
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 899, 04022-002 Vila Clementino, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - R B Dias
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 899, 04022-002 Vila Clementino, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - F G M Naylor
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 899, 04022-002 Vila Clementino, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - M A T Chieia
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 899, 04022-002 Vila Clementino, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - P V S Souza
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 899, 04022-002 Vila Clementino, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - A S B Oliveira
- Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 899, 04022-002 Vila Clementino, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Aydin G, Dekomien G, Hoffjan S, Gerding WM, Epplen JT, Arning L. Frequency of SCA8, SCA10, SCA12, SCA36, FXTAS and C9orf72 repeat expansions in SCA patients negative for the most common SCA subtypes. BMC Neurol 2018; 18:3. [PMID: 29316893 PMCID: PMC5761156 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-1009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) subtypes are often caused by expansions in non-coding regions of genes like SCA8, SCA10, SCA12 and SCA36. Other ataxias are known to be associated with repeat expansions such as fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) or expansions in the C9orf72 gene. When no mutation has been identified in the aforementioned genes next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based diagnostics may also be applied. In order to define an optimal diagnostic strategy, more information about the frequency and phenotypic characteristics of rare repeat expansion disorders associated with ataxia should be at hand. METHODS We analyzed a consecutive cohort of 440 German unrelated patients with symptoms of cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria and other unspecific symptoms who were referred to our center for SCA diagnostics. They showed alleles in the normal range for the most common SCA subtypes SCA1-3, SCA6, SCA7 and SCA17. These patients were screened for expansions causing SCA8, SCA10, SCA12, SCA36 and FXTAS as well as for the pathogenic hexanucleotide repeat in the C9orf72 gene. RESULTS Expanded repeats for SCA10, SCA12 or SCA36 were not identified in the analyzed patients. Five patients showed expanded SCA8 CTA/CTG alleles with 92-129 repeats. One 51-year-old male with unclear dementia symptoms was diagnosed with a large GGGGCC repeat expansion in C9orf72. The analysis of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) revealed one patient with a premutation (>50 CGG repeats) and seven patients with alleles in the grey zone (41 to 54 CGG repeats). CONCLUSIONS Altogether five patients showed 92 or more SCA8 CTA/CTG combined repeats. Our results support the assumption that smaller FMR1 gene expansions could be associated with the risk of developing neurological signs. The results do not support genetic testing for C9orf72 expansion in ataxia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsah Aydin
- Faculty of Health, University Witten-Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Strasse 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Gabriele Dekomien
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Gebäude MA5/39, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Gebäude MA5/39, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wanda Maria Gerding
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Gebäude MA5/39, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg T. Epplen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Gebäude MA5/39, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Faculty of Health, University Witten-Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Strasse 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Larissa Arning
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Gebäude MA5/39, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Tang SS, Li J, Tan L, Yu JT. Genetics of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: From the Bench to the Clinic. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:1157-76. [PMID: 27104909 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a clinically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease with a strong genetic component. In this review, we summarize most common mutations in MAPT, GRN, and C90RF72, as well as less common mutations in VCP, CHMP2B, TARDBP, FUS gene and so on. Several guidelines have been developed to help gene testing based on genotype-phenotype correlation, the underlying histopathological subtypes, and the neuroanatomic associations. Furthermore, we also summarize molecular pathways implicated by genes and novel targets for FTLD prevention and management in recent years.
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Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia comprises a wide and heterogeneous group of inherited neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from primary retrograde dysfunction of the long descending fibers of the corticospinal tract. Although spastic paraparesis and urinary dysfunction represent the most common clinical presentation, a complex group of different neurological and systemic compromise has been recognized recently and a growing number of new genetic subtypes were described in the last decade. Clinical characterization of individual and familial history represents the main step during diagnostic workup; however, frequently, few and unspecific data allows a low rate of definite diagnosis based solely in clinical and neuroimaging basis. Likewise, a wide group of neurological acquired and inherited disorders should be included in the differential diagnosis and properly excluded after a complete laboratorial, neuroimaging, and genetic evaluation. The aim of this review article is to provide an extensive overview regarding the main clinical and genetic features of the classical and recently described subtypes of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP).
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12
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Guedes ÁCB, Santin R, Costa ASR, Reiter KC, Hilbig A, Fernandez LL. Distinct Phospho-TDP-43 brain distribution in two cases of FTD, one associated with ALS. Dement Neuropsychol 2017; 11:249-254. [PMID: 29213521 PMCID: PMC5674668 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-030006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: TDP-43 is an intranuclear protein involved in many cellular processes. When altered, it shows a change in pattern of distribution, as well as in functioning, throughout the Central Nervous System structures. Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are examples of TDP-43 proteinopathy. These disorders form a clinical spectrum, with some patients having a pure cognitive disorder while others also exhibit motor features. METHODS: We studied two donated brains from patients with a diagnosis of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), one of which was associated with ALS (ALS-FTD). After fixation and macroscopic examinations, sample analyses were performed. Specific regions were chosen for the application of immunohistochemistry (IHC) with anti-Aβ, AT8, anti-α-synuclein and anti-phospho-TDP-43. RESULTS: Both brains presented anti-phospho-TDP-43 positivity, but this was not equally distributed throughout the encephalic zones. In the FTD case, the studied brain presented phosphorylated TDP-43- in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and mesencephalon; in the ALS-FTD case, the abnormal protein was also seen in the pons and medulla oblongata. The brain in the ALS-FTD case presented Aβ and AT8 positivity in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (Braak I and II). DISCUSSION: The hypothesis supported by scientific literature that these neurodegenerative diseases can have the same etiology with distinct encephalic region involvement is corroborated by the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro C B Guedes
- Students at the Medical School of Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre. Scientific initiation scholars
| | - Ricardo Santin
- Students at the Medical School of Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre. Scientific initiation scholars
| | - André S R Costa
- Students at the Medical School of Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre. Scientific initiation scholars
| | - Keli C Reiter
- Biologist, PhD, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre's Laboratory of Pathology
| | - Arlete Hilbig
- Neurologists. MD, PhD, Professors at the Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre
| | - Liana L Fernandez
- Neurologists. MD, PhD, Professors at the Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre
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13
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Mis MSC, Brajkovic S, Tafuri F, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Corti S. Development of Therapeutics for C9ORF72 ALS/FTD-Related Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4466-4476. [PMID: 27349438 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The identification of the hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) GGGGCC (G4C2) in the non-coding region of the C9ORF72 gene as the most frequent genetic cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has opened the path for advances in the knowledge and treatment of these disorders, which remain incurable. Recent evidence suggests that HRE RNA can cause gain-of-function neurotoxicity, but haploinsufficiency has also been hypothesized. In this review, we describe the recent developments in therapeutic targeting of the pathological expansion of C9ORF72 for ALS, FTD, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Three approaches are prominent: (1) an antisense oligonucleotides/RNA interference strategy; (2) using small compounds to counteract the toxic effects directly exerted by RNA derived from the repeat transcription (foci), by the translation of dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) from the repeated sequence, or by the sequestration of RNA-binding proteins from the C9ORF72 expansion; and (3) gene therapy, not only for silencing the toxic RNA/protein, but also for rescuing haploinsufficiency caused by the reduced transcription of the C9ORF72 coding sequence or by the diminished availability of RNA-binding proteins that are sequestered by RNA foci. Finally, with the perspective of clinical therapy, we discuss the most promising progress that has been achieved to date in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sara Cipolat Mis
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Brajkovic
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Tafuri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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Fernández Suarez M, Surace E, Harris P, Tapajoz F, Sevlever G, Allegri R, Russo GN. C9ORF72 G4C2-repeat expansion and frontotemporal dementia first reported case in Argentina. Neurocase 2016; 22:281-4. [PMID: 27327087 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2016.1186700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present a female patient aged 51 who developed behavioral disorders followed by cognitive impairment over 3 years. Neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and radiological features suggested a probable behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). A family history of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism suggested the hexanucleotide repeat expansion G4C2 in C9ORF72 . We set up a two-step genotyping algorithm for the detection of the expansion using fragment-length analysis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and repeat-primed PCR with fluorescent primers. We confirmed the presence of an expanded G4C2 allele in the patient. This represents the first documented case of bvFTD due to a C9ORF72 expansion in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández Suarez
- a Neurology and Neurosurgery Unit , Swiss Medical, Sanatorio de los Arcos , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Surace
- b Neuropathology and Molecular Biology Department , Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológica "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,c Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Argentina
| | - P Harris
- c Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Argentina.,d Cognitive and Neuropsychology Unit , Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológica "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - F Tapajoz
- c Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Argentina.,d Cognitive and Neuropsychology Unit , Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológica "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - G Sevlever
- b Neuropathology and Molecular Biology Department , Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológica "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - R Allegri
- c Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Argentina.,d Cognitive and Neuropsychology Unit , Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológica "Raúl Carrea" (FLENI) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - G N Russo
- a Neurology and Neurosurgery Unit , Swiss Medical, Sanatorio de los Arcos , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Patel AN, Sampson JB. Cognitive Profile of C9orf72 in Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016. [PMID: 26198888 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review article focuses on the cognitive profile associated with the C9orf72 gene with GGGGCC (G4C2) hexanucleotide repeat expansions that is commonly found in both familial and sporadic forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in order to aid clinicians in the screening process. In this growing clinical continuum between FTD and ALS, understanding and recognizing a neurocognitive profile is important for diagnosis. Key features of this profile include executive dysfunction with memory impairment and language deficits as the disease progresses. Behaviorally, patients are prone to disinhibition, apathy, and psychosis. With the discovery of this mutation, studies have begun to characterize the different phenotypes associated with this mutation in terms of epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging, and pathology. Greater awareness and increased surveillance for this mutation will benefit patients and their families in terms of access to genetic counseling, research studies, and improved understanding of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali N Patel
- Division of Aging and Dementia, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH-19, Room 121, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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Schneider SA, Bird T. Huntington's Disease, Huntington's Disease Look-Alikes, and Benign Hereditary Chorea: What's New? Mov Disord Clin Pract 2016; 3:342-354. [PMID: 30713928 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The differential diagnosis of chorea syndromes is complex. It includes inherited forms, the most common of which is autosomal dominant Huntington's disease (HD). In addition, there are disorders mimicking HD, the so-called HD-like (HDL) syndromes. Methods and Results Here we review main clinical, genetic, and pathophysiological characteristics of HD and the rare HD phenocopies in order to familiarize clinicians with them. Molecular studies have shown that HD phenocopies account for about 1% of suspected HD cases, most commonly due to mutations in C9orf72 (also the main cause of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis syndromes), TATA box-binding protein (spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 [SCA17]/HDL4), and JPH3 (HDL2). Systematic screening studies also revealed mutations in PRNP (prion disease), VPS13A (chorea-acanthocytosis), ATXN8OS-ATXN8 (SCA8), and FXN (late-onset Friedreich's Ataxia) in single cases. Further differential diagnoses to consider in patients presenting with a clinical diagnosis consistent with HD, but without the HD expansion, include dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy and benign hereditary chorea (TITF1), as well as the recently described form of ADCY5-associated neurodegeneration. Lastly, biallelic mutations in RNF216 and FRRS1L have recently been reported as autosomal recessive phenocopies of HD. Conclusion There is a growing list of genes associated with chorea, yet a substantial percentage of patients remain undiagnosed. It is likely that more genes will be discovered in the future and that the clinical spectrum of the described disorders will broaden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne A Schneider
- Department of Neurology Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich Germany.,University of Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Thomas Bird
- Department of Neurology University of Washington Seattle Seattle Washington U.S.A.,VA Puget Sound Health Care System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center Seattle Washington U.S.A
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Rocha AJD, Nunes RH, Maia Jr. ACM. Dementia in motor neuron disease: reviewing the role of MRI in diagnosis. Dement Neuropsychol 2015. [PMID: 29213986 PMCID: PMC5619319 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642015dn94000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The superimposed clinical features of motor neuron disease (MND) and
frontotemporal dementia (FTD) comprise a distinct, yet not fully understood,
neurological overlap syndrome whose clinicopathological basis has recently been
reviewed. Here, we present a review of the clinical, pathological and genetic
basis of MND-FTD and the role of MRI in its diagnosis. In doing so, we discuss
current techniques that depict the involvement of the selective corticospinal
tract (CST) and temporal lobe in MND-FTD.
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Theme 9 Genetics. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2015; 16 Suppl 1:160-75. [DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2015.1098814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Souza PVSD, Pinto WBVDR, Chieia MAT, Oliveira ASB. Clinical and genetic basis of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2015; 73:1026-37. [PMID: 26465287 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20150161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis represents the most common neurodegenerative disease leading to upper and lower motor neuron compromise. Although the vast majority of cases are sporadic, substantial gain has been observed in the knowledge of the genetic forms of the disease, especially of familial forms. There is a direct correlation between the profile of the mutated genes in sporadic and familial forms, highlighting the main role of C9orf72 gene in the clinical forms associated with frontotemporal dementia spectrum. The different genes related to familial and sporadic forms represent an important advance on the pathophysiology of the disease and genetic therapeutic perspectives, such as antisense therapy. The objective of this review is to signal and summarize clinical and genetic data related to familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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