Integrative literature review: access to primary healthcare services

Bases para la estructuración de un modelo en salud rural en Arauca

Objetivo Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo la identificación de algunos modelos exitosos de atención en salud rural, que faciliten la construcción de un modelo de atención en salud rural con enfoque diferencial e intercultural para el departamento de Arauca, Colombia. Métodos Se realizó una revisión sistemática, a partir de bases de datos como BVS, PubMED, SciELO y LILACS. Resultados El principal hallazgo destaca la necesidad de construir un sistema de salud basado en un modelo de atención primaria en salud (APS) con enfoque comunitario. Para esto se requiere aplicar estrategias relacionadas con el talento humano, el manejo de redes de atención y otras, como el uso de herramientas tecnológicas; todas enfocadas a llevar una atención más eficiente y asequible, alineadas con el sistema de salud colombiano y adaptadas al departamento de Arauca.

Evidence on access to healthcare information by women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries: Scoping review

Background

A majority of women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are not able to access healthcare information due to different factors. This scoping review aimed to map the literature on access to healthcare information by women of reproductive age in LMICs.

Methods

The literature search was conducted through the following databases: Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCOhost (Academic search complete, CINAHL with full text, MEDLINE with full text, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO), Emerald, Embase, published and peer-reviewed journals, organizational projects, reference lists, and grey literature.

Results

A total of 377 457 articles were identified from all the databases searched. Of these, four articles met inclusion criteria after full article screening and were included for data extraction. The themes that emerged from our study are as follows: accessibility, financial accessibility/affordability, connectivity, and challenges. This study demonstrated that there are minimal interventions that enable women of reproductive age to access healthcare information in terms of accessibility, financial accessibility, and connectivity.

Conclusion

The findings of the study revealed poor access and utilization of healthcare information by women of reproductive age. We, therefore, recommend primary studies in other LMICs to determine the accessibility, financial accessibility, connectivity, and challenges faced by women of reproductive age in LMICs.

Social representations of nursing students on the rights of health users

OBJECTIVE

To identify the social representations of undergraduate nursing students in the third and eighth term of the course on the rights of health users.

METHODS

Qualitative research using the framework of the structural approach to the Theory of Social Representations. A total of 92 students participated. The free evocation technique was used and data was processed in the EVOC software.

RESULTS

In the social representations of the third term students, words related to health policies were not observed, but there is an evaluation of the service in the institutions. Among the eighth-grade students, the concepts that support the policies of the Unified Health System are evident.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

There is a consolidation of the students' knowledge throughout the course, with a more elaborated knowledge about the users' right, supported by principles of the SUS. Undergraduate education is an important space for discussing the construction and exercise of citizenship, including the right to health.

Impact of self-care programmes in type 2 diabetes mellitus population in primary health care: Systematic review and meta-analysis

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the effectiveness of self-care programmes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) population in primary health care.

BACKGROUND

The impact of educational interventions on T2DM has been evaluated in various contexts, but there is uncertainty about their impact in that of primary care.

DESIGN

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS

A search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, WOS and Cochrane databases for randomised controlled trials carried out in the period January 2005-December 2017, including studies with at least one face-to-face educational interventions. The quality of the evidence for the primary outcome was evaluated using the GRADE System. A meta-analysis was used to determine the effect achieved although only the results classified as critical or important were taken into consideration. Checklist of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses has been followed. PROSPERO registration Number: CRD42016038833.

RESULTS

In total, 21 papers (20 studies) were analysed, representing a population of 12,018 persons with T2DM. For the primary outcome, HbA₁ c, the overall reduction obtained was -0.29%, decreasing the effect in long-term follow-up. The quality of the evidence was low/very low due to very serious risk of bias, inconsistency and indirectness of results. Better results were obtained for individual randomised trials versus cluster designs and in those programmes in which nurses leaded the interventions. The findings for other cardiovascular risk factors were inconsistent.

CONCLUSIONS

Educational interventions in primary care addressing T2DM could be effective for metabolic control, but the low quality of the evidence and the lack of measurement of critical results generates uncertainty and highlights the need for high-quality trials.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

Most of self-care programmes for T2DM in primary care are focused on metabolic control, while other cardiovascular profile variables with greater impact on mortality or patient-reported outcomes are less intensely addressed.

CONTINUITY OF HOSPITAL DISCHARGE CARE FOR PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: SPANISH PRACTICE

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand discharge plan and the facilities and difficulties for continuity of care in Primary Health Care. Method: a qualitative and exploratory study carried out in Madrid, Barcelona, Murcia, Seville and Granada, with 29 hospital liaison nurses working in university hospitals, between 2016 and 2018. For data collection, an online questionnaire was used with open and closed questions about the profile of nurses; work context; hospital discharge plan; communication between hospital nurses and primary care. All were analyzed based on Thematic Analysis. Results: hospital liaison nurses from Spain draw up a discharge plan at least 48 hours in advance. They offer a Continuity of Care Report, guide patients, families and caregivers to the necessary care after hospital discharge, coordinate consultations and referrals and carry out home visits. Communication with primary care occurs through the computerized system and telephone. Monitoring takes place using indicators and statistical reports. In cases of readmission, nurses are requested and contacted by nurses in primary care. Communication with primary care is among the facilities. Lack of liaison nurses is among the difficulties. Conclusion: hospital liaison nurses from Spain carry out a discharge plan and communicate with primary care. When patients are hospitalized, they are called when there is a need for continuity of care for primary care.