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Onwubu SC, Sibiya MN, Makgobole MU. Mental Health Challenges during COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of Primary Healthcare Nurses in Durban, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6683. [PMID: 37681823 PMCID: PMC10488164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the mental health of individuals globally, and primary healthcare (PHC) nurses play a critical role in providing mental healthcare services. However, limited research has explored the experiences of PHC nurses in providing mental healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the experiences of PHC nurses in providing mental healthcare services during the pandemic in Durban, South Africa. The aim was to identify the challenges faced by healthcare providers and the potential for innovative approaches to improve access to care. A qualitative, exploratory design guided the study, and data were collected through in-depth interviews with twelve PHC nurses purposively selected. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings from interviews with PHC nurses reveal that the pandemic exacerbated existing challenges, including medication adherence issues, fear and uncertainty among patients, vaccine hesitancy, decreased clinic visits, and the mental and emotional toll on both patients and healthcare workers. PHC nurses adapted their services by increasing outreach efforts, prioritizing patient care, and utilizing technology and non-governmental organizations' (NGOs) support. Challenges included reduced patient visits, complexities in healthcare provision, and a lack of adequate support. Positive changes observed include increased mental health awareness among healthcare professionals and younger generations. Recommendations include implementing outreach and awareness campaigns, providing accurate information about COVID-19 and vaccinations, and promoting cultural sensitivity in mental healthcare provision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maureen Nokuthula Sibiya
- Division of Research, Innovation and Engagement, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Umlazi 4031, South Africa;
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de Sousa AR, Moreira WC, da Silva Santana T, Brito Teixeira JR, Meira Araújo IF, Almeida ÉS, de Santana Carvalho ES, Camargo ELS, Tiago da Silva Souza A, da Silva HLL, Ferreira de Holanda A, Batista PCT, de Sousa ÁFL, Mendes IAC, de Oliveira MAF, da Cruz Sequeira CA, Pereira Á. SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil and Psychosocial Repercussions on Men's Health: Health Literacy Is Important. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221119091. [PMID: 36164776 PMCID: PMC9513509 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221119091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at analyzing the psychosocial repercussions of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on the health of men living in Brazil. For this, we carried out a socio-historical and qualitative study, with the participation of 200 men who answered an online questionnaire. The data collected were processed in the NVIVO12® software, structured by the Collective Subject Discourse method, and analyzed from the epidemic disease theoretical framework proposed by Charles Rosenberg. Our results showed that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic brought about repercussions of different dimensions that compromised the health of men living in Brazil. The repercussions evidenced were behavioral changes and emergence of new habits due to the pandemic; uncomfortable family situations; impaired affective and sexual relationships; harms in marital relationships; and insecurity and psychological distress. It is important to implement strategies that maximize men's health literacy, promoting better communication in terms of health, and search for help and suitable information about health/mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanderson Carneiro Moreira
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil,Wanderson Carneiro Moreira, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Thiago da Silva Santana
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | | | | | - Éric Santos Almeida
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Álvaro Pereira
- Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
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Palma EMS, de Sousa AR, Teixeira JRB, Moreira WC, de Araújo ACM, Souza LFV, dos Anjos JCR, de Almeida Portela HS, de Carvalho HEF, de Oliveira Muniz V, Barreto NMPV, Almeida ÉS, Mota TN, dos Santos SD, da Silva Souza AT, da Silva JC, Almeida CAPL, Lourenção LG, de Queiroz AM, Fortes Júnior EJ, das Merces MC, Lima SVMA, da Silva FMD, Gomes NP, Servo MLS, de Santana Carvalho ES, Barros S, De Araújo TM, de Oliveira MAF, de Sousa ÁFL, Mendes IAC. Influence of Sociodemographic and Emotional Factors on the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Perceived Stress among Men Residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138159. [PMID: 35805819 PMCID: PMC9265849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the relationship between self-compassion and the perceived stress of men residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out between June and December 2020 with 1006 men who completed a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. Data were collected using the snowball technique. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale. Most men had low self-compassion (51.5%; n = 516) and a moderate level of perceived stress (60.9%; n = 613), while 15.9% (n = 170) had a high level of stress. The prevalence of men in the combined situation of low self-compassion and high perceived stress was 39.4% (n = 334). Living with friends had a higher prevalence of low self-compassion and high perceived stress. The prevalence of common mental disorders was high (54.3%). Men with low levels of self-compassion reported higher levels of perceived stress; however, this association was moderated by emotional and sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors in public policies promoting men’s mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Missias Silva Palma
- Psychology Course, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (E.M.S.P.); (A.C.M.d.A.)
| | - Anderson Reis de Sousa
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira
- Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil; (J.R.B.T.); (S.D.d.S.); (M.L.S.S.); (E.S.d.S.C.); (T.M.D.A.)
| | - Wanderson Carneiro Moreira
- College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (W.C.M.); (S.B.); (M.A.F.d.O.)
| | | | - Luiz Filipe Vieira Souza
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Júlio Cézar Ramos dos Anjos
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Hannah Souza de Almeida Portela
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Herica Emilia Félix de Carvalho
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (H.E.F.d.C.); (Á.F.L.d.S.); (I.A.C.M.)
| | | | - Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira Barreto
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Éric Santos Almeida
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Tilson Nunes Mota
- Board of Health Surveillance, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB), Salvador 40130-160, BA, Brazil;
| | - Sélton Diniz dos Santos
- Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil; (J.R.B.T.); (S.D.d.S.); (M.L.S.S.); (E.S.d.S.C.); (T.M.D.A.)
| | | | - Josielson Costa da Silva
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
| | | | | | | | - Edmar José Fortes Júnior
- Medicine Course, Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba (IESVAP), Parnaiba 64215-343, PI, Brazil;
| | | | | | | | - Nadirlene Pereira Gomes
- College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (L.F.V.S.); (J.C.R.d.A.); (H.S.d.A.P.); (N.M.P.V.B.); (É.S.A.); (J.C.d.S.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Maria Lúcia Silva Servo
- Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil; (J.R.B.T.); (S.D.d.S.); (M.L.S.S.); (E.S.d.S.C.); (T.M.D.A.)
| | - Evanilda Souza de Santana Carvalho
- Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil; (J.R.B.T.); (S.D.d.S.); (M.L.S.S.); (E.S.d.S.C.); (T.M.D.A.)
| | - Sônia Barros
- College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (W.C.M.); (S.B.); (M.A.F.d.O.)
| | - Tânia Maria De Araújo
- Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil; (J.R.B.T.); (S.D.d.S.); (M.L.S.S.); (E.S.d.S.C.); (T.M.D.A.)
| | - Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de Oliveira
- College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (W.C.M.); (S.B.); (M.A.F.d.O.)
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (H.E.F.d.C.); (Á.F.L.d.S.); (I.A.C.M.)
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes
- Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (H.E.F.d.C.); (Á.F.L.d.S.); (I.A.C.M.)
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Kaur-Aujla H, Lillie K, Wagstaff C. Prognosticating COVID Therapeutic Responses: Ambiguous Loss and Disenfranchised Grief. Front Public Health 2022; 10:799593. [PMID: 35493360 PMCID: PMC9039248 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.799593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, therapeutic assessments, interventions, and treatments have focussed on death-related "losses and grief" responses. It is purported that the COVID-19 aftermath has resulted in losses that cannot always be encapsulated using this method. In search of reasoning, models and theories that explain the sweeping mass destruction that COVID-19 has caused, key concepts arise in terms of how we should deal with losses and in turn support patients in the health and social care sector, (notwithstanding formal therapeutic services). There is a crucial need to embrace ambiguous loss and disenfranchised grief into everyday terminology and be acquainted with these issues, thereby adapting how services/clinicians now embrace loss and grief work. Integral to this process is to recognize that there has been a disproportionate impact on Black and minority ethnic communities, and we now need to ensure services are "seriously culturally competent." Primary Care services/IAPT/health and social care/voluntary sector are all likely to be at the forefront of delivering these interventions and are already established gatekeepers. So, this article discusses the prognostic therapeutic response to non-death related losses and grief, not restricted to the formal echelons of therapeutic provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjinder Kaur-Aujla
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Lillie
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Wagstaff
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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